The New York Herald Newspaper, April 7, 1852, Page 6

The Public Debt of Texas. LETTER OF JAMTS HAMILTON TO THE PEOPLE OF TEXAS. Avertn, Texas, Fob. 20, 1852. Fevu.ow Crrizrys:—It certainly is remote frem Wy intention to institute an appeal from the decision of your Legislature to yourselves. I am ineapable of treating that body with disrespect, for many of whose members | entertain eordial esteem and sin- cere eonsideratior In fixing during (he present session tho seale of reduction for the payment of your publio debt, they ested, doubtless, in conformity to what they con- sidered the publie sentiment of tho country. I bo- {ieve, on mature consideration, you will be disposed to reverse that decision, and determine at once to pay that debt in full through the instrumentality of your public lande, Representing for others o large amount ef your public debt, 1 bog leave to approach you with pro- posals for its early and definitive settlement in a form which, in my humble opiaion, will be omi- neatly beneficial o your State, and which I beliove will meet with the assent of the Congress of the United States and your creditors, who look to tho reserved $5,000,000 in the federal treasury for their payment. “As ‘an indispensable preliminary, it is neeossary that Ishouid remark that I doubt whethor the scale of reduei'oa you have enaeted, by which the amount due o» the face of your securities has heou seriously | ed, will be accepted generally by the creditors. Nor dol believe that the proviso in tho houndry bill will be modified by the Congross of the United Staice so as to permit those who are willing to sign their releases to receive money with- eut all the oreditors release, which will have the of suspending the five millions for an indefinite d in the treasury of the United States—the ct of invidious dissension. hen the government of the United States, under eclaration of ite highest public functionary, has iubility to pay the revenue creditors of a quite obvious that those who are able to wait will not take from Texas twenty or thirty per cent of the debtswhich they havea right to receive, en they have a fair and admitted claim for par— ne hundred cents on the dollar--on the federal ert ent, gov [hope J have too much policy, when my iation and adjustment, to read you & the ethies of public faith. Im without giving or intending off eisadmiited tor a State not to pa, in full, except absolute inability ail Texas; you have mon ent to pay ; al of your liabilit her obli- This plea d lands ton arthing of re times more than the interest and princip: nation, ancient or modern, eyer conquere: What such a as your superb territory, forthe priceless acquisitic ¢ emptible sum of (en or twelve comparatively millions of dolla I know that it sked, What nation ever paid off her revolutionary debt at par? The y to this gnestion is most obvious. What nation, except ‘Toxas, ever accomplished her independence at so small a cost, acquired such a boundless territory, or concluded with another sovereignty a solema com- pact to furnish a large fund to pay her debt ? It is quite true your treasury notes were greatly depreciated during your revolution; but this depre- ciation amounted to nothing more than the promium on the risk of the insurance of the fate of your re- public. There would be as much reason inreproach- ing your treasury note holders with usury as in tax- ing an insurance office with the same charge because they exacted a premium of seventy-five per cent. on the insurance of a vessel known to be in the very extremity of extrvordinary perils on the high seas. ‘Those who bought your treasury notes at a largo discount, bong t them at the market value; and if they had not-bought, they would have been more ruinoualy depreciated until a cartload of your secuvi- ties would not have purchased a keg of powder or an hundred pounds of lead. Norcan a fallacy be more obvious than the assumption that a State hasa right absolutely to determine what her public debt is. She has doubtless the power to do so. What this debt is, is established by the eternal principles of truth, and the sacred obligations of justice, which are impressed on the face of its evidences. What a nation promises to pay is her public debt. ‘Uhis is at once a definition in accordance with common sense, and confirmed by common honesty. ieve your debt can now be paid in full ina form signally beneficial to yourselves. . hh becoming deference, I suggest a plan of adjustment, which is recommended by its justice y, and, I believe, feasil YY. ‘exas will cede to the government of the Uni- ted States all her territory, beginning on the north bank of the main fork of Red river, where the 100th meridian west of Greenwich intersects the same ; thence north, with that meridian, to the pa- rallel north latitude 36 30; thence west, with that parallel, to the 103d meridian west of Greenwich ; thence south, with that meridian, to the north bank of said main fork of Red river on to a point due west from the head thereof; thence to the said head, and down said stream, with its north bank, te the beginning—containing 23,800 square miles, more or less, or about twenty-six and nearly a half constitutional counties of nine hundred square miles cach—equivalent to about 15,230,000 aores, T have but little doubt that government would pay millions for this territory as an Indian reser- ‘on, as such a reservation would be very desir- able to earry out the philanthropic views of our government towards the Indian tribes. It is un- derstood that the white settlements in Arkansas, and some of the other new States, are beginning to press inconveniently on the Indian reservation in those States. It i# morcover a matter of great im- portance to the United States that the Indians in your own State should be concentrated on some properly seleeted territory, for their civilization and improvement. No spot, I have reason to be- lieve, can be better adapted to the purpose than tho one I have indicated. I belleve, moreover, that a negotiation, conducted vith zeal and address by your public creditors, would result in an act of Congress for the purchase of this territory, | The government of the United States, indepen- dently of the humane policy by which they have always been influenced towards the Indian tribe: would be impelled by other considerations of n little force to make this purchase. It would enable her. by the concentration of the Indians now in the territory of Texas on a given spot, to diminish the numbor of her troope in the State at least one half, by which she would save not less, it is presumed, thaaa million of dollars annually, to say nothing of hor obtaining an equivalent for the payment of a public debt which she is bound to pay, without compensation or indemnity, except, indeed, it is to be found in the vast revenue which she wi Heet, for ages to come, on your consumption. A} sho has acquired by that act—annexation— her liability to pay your debts results. T would respectfully suggest that the question be made to the government of tl States on the following conditions: — 1,—That the ceded territory should he used exclu- y for an Indian reservation; when this o i as, the United s belonging to the United ning the public lan hat the amount the government of the States should agree to pay for the territory tion, should be applied to the discharge of the difference between the scaled rate and face value of the revenue debt of the late republic of Texas, for which the government of the United States is abi " 3.—On the creditors signing the required releases he State of Texas and the government of the States, fifty per cent of the sbove amount sid he paid to the crediters of Texas in cash, and fifty per cent reserved in the treasury of the United’ States, to constitute the subscription of the creditors of Texas to the charter of a railroad from some central point in the interior to the waters of the Gulf, by some route which shall confer he largest amount of benefit on the people of Texas, :nd largest amount of profit on the stockholder, : ropositions that are nearly identical; the road to be selected by the stoekhelders after a scientific urvey 4.—If the proposed arrangement should be eon- summated, the Legislature of Texas should grant to the creditors « charter for the construction of the road. 5.—That, for the amount of fifty per cent reserved in the treasury of the United States for the con- struction of the railroad, each creditor shall be eulided to receive it in shares of one hundred do)- Inrs each, an amount equal to the balance which may be due to him ow a settlement of his cli 6 the estimate of a highly accompl m. shed and dred and fifty miles in length, running through the most fertile aad rap reasing part of Toxas in her woalth wnd population, might be buili for $2,000,000. It ir cewary to inform vou that in no country world ‘van railroads be constructed with t eo dogree of cheapness as in Toxas ; with mona a diviowsly se) nterest of five ive years atter a the suece Fours add one atid eeonomice por cent, on an ay sis completion, & fom years, aud in @ next fif lions to the value of | } moreover, that in a 2 10 would afford to foreign emigrants in tr and freight, it will return in ten your government of tbe United Stator the whe i custow-bource in the United States on tho cen- pampliva of bye emigenute, pos pees Tey abic civil engineor that such a road, of two hun- | | | T believe that such a road might be in three years from its commencement, and abido through ail time a proud and lasting monument of BO awe and the jitude of your creditors. Will you not exe & remote, and to you valueless territory, fit only for tho Indian and the buffalo, for a great beneficial public work which willenable your citizens to pass from tho interior to the ocean in twelve hours, conveying thousands, daly to your mnoniipied lands to add to your wealth, power and civilization? In one word, will you not exchange a cheerless and distant region for the bright renown of paying overy farthing of your revolutionary debt, and averting forever from the recorded history of your country the stain of repudiation? it is highly yroratie that your oreditors will Meet on the 12th of Aprii néxt, at Washington city, to determine whether they will acoept the sot- tlement your Legislature has tendo) to them under the provisions of the act to liquidate and pay the debt of the late republic of Texas, approved 81st January, 1852. In case this meeting takes place, I propose bring- ing the subject of this communieation to its con- sideration. If, in conformity with my suggestion, they should memorialize the Congress of the United States on the subject, and an act should bo passed making a specific overture to your State in favor of a compact for the cession in question, I solicit your earnest consideration of a subjoot which so deeply involves the interests and honor of your State. lam aware that, from considerations of delicacy and propriety, Texas cannot take the initiative in this matt I am quite sure, however, if the ge- neral government submits propositions tor tho pro- posed cession, your enlightened aud patriotic Chief Magistrate will convene the Legislature to take thom into immediate consideration. That the final issue will be submitted to you I cannot doubt fou will see the pre-eminent policy of sotting at rest forever the odious and revolting subject of your public debt, and of your enjoying, without the re- proach of friend or foo, the residue of your superb: domain—the rich iuhewtance of your valor and on- terprise. I do not address you asa stranger, but as one of yourselves, equally interested with you in the honor of your State. The Congress of your republic made me a citizen by a complimentary joint resolution ; my augmenting interests in the country will induoe me to become one by actual residence : To the great enterprise | have proposad, if it should be decreed, 1 am willing to dedicato a portion of the remnant of my life and human exertion which is left mo. In the venerated and beloved State of my birth not one of her sons did more to establish and romote her system of railroads than the humble individual who now addresses you. { sm not too old, under God's permission, to dedicate in services, however humble, exertions of equal zeal in bohalf of the prosperty of a State destined to be among the first, if not the first, of her Southorn sisters. Fellow-citizens, 1 hope you will pardon the freo- dom of this communication. My candor is the best | tribute 1] can pay to your magnayimity and sense of justice. ‘ I remain, with respectful consideration and sin- ecre devotion, your obedient servant, J. Hasairon, The United States Steamship Susquehanna and her Mission to the East. [From the Washington Telegraph. April 3.] We publish below part of a letter froma young gentleman on board the United States steam frigate Susquehanna, which has interested us, as it contai an account of the adjustment of the difficulties be tween our government and the Imaum of Muscat. It may be proper to stute that the Sultan and Tnaum of Muscat is one of the most enlightened and powerful of the native princes of the East. His do- minions extend from the Persian (iulf, along the coast of Arabia and Africa, to the tenth degree of south latitude—a distance of some eighteen hundred mi His principal residence is in the island of Zanzibar. An active trade has been carried on for thirty years or more between our own country and the dominions ofthe Sultan. He has shown himself very friendly to our merchants and seamen, and has endeavored, every way, to cultivate intercourse with us. With- in two or three years, however, he has felt less cor- diality. He thought, perhaps, that his superb pre- sentsto our Presidents were not properly appreciated, and that his long and elaborate epistles, upon which the learning of all his Ulemas was doubtless lavish- ed, ag a token of his respect for America, were coldly received and discourteously neglected. Be this as it may, he refused on one occasion to salute our flag, and our Consul was obliged to withdraw. Commodore Aulick was charged to touch at Zan- zibar, and settle, if practicable, these difficulties. He was, we understand, the bearer of a letter to the Sultan, which, like everything else that has of late emanated from the State Department, was dignified, firm, and yet conciliating. The sequel is told by our young friend A Sreamen ScsqvRHANNA, Point pr Gaity, Jan. 1, 1852. We arrived here on the 25th ultimo, Christmas day, sixteen days and some hours from Zanzibar. 1 presume you kitow the object of our visit to that place; it was to settle the difficulties between Mr. Wa 1, our former Consul, and the Sultan, about saluting our Consul’s flag on our national holiday, the 4th of July. On our arrival at Zanzibar, we found that the Sultan was not there, but was at Muscat, and was not expected for months to come, being detained, it is said, by troubles among his Arabian subjects. His son, Prince Said Khaled, rules here duing his father’s absence, and from him we obtained the desired information. The day after our arrival, Commodore Aulick called upon him by agreement, and requested that he should, on the hoisting of our flag at cight o’clock next morning, salute it with twenty-one guns, which salute would be returned, gun for gun; and that he would then appoint one of the American merchants resident there acting United States Consul; and that, when his flag was hoisted on his house, he should salute it with nine guns, which would be returned hy the same number of guns from our ship. To these terms he made no objection, except to his firing first. which he said was contrary tothe custom of his country; but ifthe Commodore would fire first, he would an:wer. This the Commodore declined doing. in ing first, as an atonement for not having fired os when they were due to The Commodore stated to him that if were not complied with, he should go away ng the flag or appointing @ con- sul.” After considerable hesita ‘and discussion, as finally conceded by him, and thus this point w between the two govern- this maportant ques! ts Was satiste f r peculiar to itself, and unlike anything that we know. They had rice, however, cooked in several ways—plain, boiled with sugar, and boiled with spices were all the fruits of the island. The only bevgrage we had wassherbet. adrink much used in Zanzibar ndamong the Arabs generally. It is very plea- sant, and to all appearances harmless. It has all the semblance of water, but is very different in flavor. heing very highly scented with rose water. While at Zinzibar, the prince extended to us, in ner, all the civilities and bospitali- desired. We remained there Lample t and vegetables for the officers and } supplies of fr orew. he Pineng (Sty Tith of Janua furnishes its of Malacca) Gesette, of the | with the following ine teresting -- ‘The United States steam frigate Sesquehanna, | of about 3,000 burthen, and 1,000 horse power engines. left G 5th inst, and arrived in our ing, with Commo- dore Av ommanding ihe United Statessquadron | in the st Indies and China seas. During the | .C.C. Currier, Esq... consul for of America at this station, pro- ceeded on hoard, and on his leaving a salute of seven guns was fired from the steamer.- A royal salute, in honor of the British flag, was then given by the frigate, and returned by the fort. Shortly after, the commodore landed, and the fort gr him with a salute of fifteen guns, which was returned from the steamer. 5 “This steamer, we understand, was built at Philadelphia about a year ago, and had left Amer- ica only seven months since. She will quit this ort foy Singapore and China to-morrow morning. Baring her stay at Ceylon she was visited by about | cight thousand persons; aad we have the gratifien- ticn to state that the Commodore has kindly uted permission to all parties, who may be de- us of so doing, te visit the steamer and view peautitul “monarch of the ocean.” The ap- pearance of the frigate on shore is not very re- markable, but she is one of great beam and depth course of the do the United State ef hold. and carries nine 6%pounders. The com- munity of the station, we are glad to perceive, hove heen treated with the music of the band of # in the evenings, {this favor will be appre- the frig und we need not sy ciated by all “The Rey. Mr frigate Sueq ning of Thur Rittinger. of the United States shanna, delivered a very elo- the mission chapel, on the eve- y inst. The subject, though not referring to any particular text in the Sacred Records. was, however, founded on the geueral odof man’a salvation through the atgnemont The address of the ws, and Mod the love of God " | of equestrians, the dancing horses aud the triek ponies | programme for to-night is very attractive | comprises many of the most prominent features in negro | mniustreley. TAR AUTHOR OF AIMS AND OBSTACLEO—LETTER PROM MB. G. P. @. Jamas. Srocasuipen, Mass., April 3, 1852. Dear Stx:—I have just oon an article in the Heeavp regarding tho re-publication in this coun- try, of ‘* Aims and Obstacles.” By some accidont, I did not read the notice you mention in your Wednesday’ssheet, which is certainly oxtraordinary, as it is very raroly that a line of the Heraup ce- capes me. However, I give you my word I did not see it, or I should at once have writton to you. - In explanation, I have only to say that before the work was ro-printed here by Messrs. Harper, most diligent scarch was made by myself and two other gentlemen, to ascertain whether the work had been already ro-printed in the United States or not, and that we, none of us, could discover any trace of it. Numerous catalogues were examined, and in none have we found it under any name by which it could be recognized. Mosara. Harper, myself, and the two friends who aided my inquiries, wore all igno- rant of the work having ever been re-printed in this country, till some time after Messrs. Harper had issued it, Then the first intimation of the fact was receive! by me in the furm of a yery scurrilous article in a small country paper—an article the complete re- verse of yours. I immediately directed my solicitors to prosecute the proprictor for libel, as there could be no doubt of the libellous character of his remarks. It was represented to me, however, that such a prosecution was probable what he most desired as a moans of making an insignificant person conspicuous, and at the earnest selicitation of my lawyers and others I abstained. Means were taken, L believe, at the timo, to set the matter right with the public, which must havegesoaped your eye, if, as I believe, the simple facts were stated in several of the literary journals of the United States. In regard to the change of name, the explanation is perfectly simple. You cannot be unaware that it is a very frequent custom with authors in England, and has boen so for centuries, to change the name of a work in a second edition, without the slightest | 2 intention or hope of deci times it has been done by Sir ‘d Lytton in at | least one instance, aud by myself in two, without the slightest objection on the part of the publle or | the hook trade, Sometimes this has been done from caprice, sometimes from more serious, but perhaps not very definite motives. In the present instance, however, there was a distinct and very urgent | motive. When the book was first printed in Eng- | land, the name gave considerable annoyance toa | very excellent lady, who conceived that she was | satirized therein, and pointed out by the very title, | though! had never heard of her existence. She sontarelation to the publisher, to remonstrate ; and I,on his showing, distinctly promised that if the work went to a second edition the name should be changed. ‘This was my sole motive for the change of name; | for neither I nor the Messrs. Harper imagined that | the work had been re-printed regen Remark, 1 do not say that had we known that the work had been reprinted, they would have abstained from the | poeeasoay or from the change of name. They | have, by agreements long subsisting—their part of which they have always honorably performed—-my sole sanction for the re-printing of my works in America; and {do not conceive that they would consider the publication of a work of mine by un- authorized persons, the slightest obstacle. Neither would I consider such a fact any impediment to my keeping a promise made; but the only difference would have been this: Had I known the work had been re-printed before, I should have added a pre- face, explaining my reasons for changing thename— at loast, I think I should, although I have never done so that I remember in similar cases in England, You may print this letter or not, as you think fit; for it is written entirely for my satisfaction and yours, and not for the object of gaining notoriety in yourcolumns. Believe me to be, dear sir, Your faithful servant, G. P. R. JAMEs. Chath Bunnett, Esg., Herald office, New ‘ork. Tue American Watc Reyrew—April, 1852. New York: Bissell.—The most entertai ing essay in the present number is ‘Journalism in Paris,” which is well written, and affords some valuable information. ** Carlyle and his Imitators” ranks next in point of interest. The other contributions are characteristic to this periodical. Tue Prorgstant—April, 1852.--Contains an interesting article on the Scriptural Prophecies, and other appropriate matter. Tur Rervusirc—A pril, 1852; Whitney.—Abounds with tales, and contains some entertaining miscella- neous matter. Tur Two Brives—Dy T. S. Arthur, New York: Bunce & Co.—Readers of light novels must judge for themselves whether or not this work deserves their appreciation. Tue Heroines or _History—By Mary E. Hew- itt, New York: Cornish, Lamport & Ce.—This handsome volume contains interesting sketches of some of the most extraordinary women which the world has seen, and affords no inconsiderable amount of entertainment. It is finely illustrated with stecl engravings. Fonp’s Curono.oaicaL TREE OF THE History or THE Unitep States. New York: Holbrook.— ‘This is an elaborate and ready chart of the principal events in the history of the United States, and will be of great practical utility. We should have pre- ferred, however, the absence of the foliage orna- ment. ing. In the present | Bawan Theatrical and Musical. Bowrry Trratne.—Shakspeare’s Eeagecy. of * Romeo and Juliet” is the piece selected for this evening. Mr. KE, Eddy, a very promising actor—as. indeed, all those are who come under the guidance of Thomas H. Hamblin. who has made some of the best artists of the day—will appear as Romeo, and Mrs. Potter. who comes here with a character of celebrity, will appear as Juliet, The con- piece will be the drama of the “Pirate of the Broapway Trearne.—Mr, Forrest appears this evening in his celebrated character of Baptista Febro, in which he may justly be said to have no rival, He will be assistod in the other lading characters by Mr, Conway, who is a great favorite and a good actor, and by Mad, Ponisi, who is decidedly che best stock actress that Marshall has ever employe stheatre. The concluding piece will be “Mr.and Mrs, P.."" with Davidge in the leading charac- ter, Ninro’s Ganoen.—This beautiful theatre and fashion- abie resort is visited by hundreds on every night which Med. Thillon appears, This evening the performances will commence With the * Black Domino,” in which Anna ‘Thillon, Mr, Hudson, Miss Julia Daly. and Mrs. MeKen- na, who appears to be a great favorite, and acquisition to the present company. will appear in the principal parts. No doubt there will’ be another crowded house, Burton's Tavatny.—The © Twelfth Night will ada con iderably more to the fortune which Burton has made hy his excellent ma ment, The house is crowded evening long before the performances commence. are obliged to return to their homes. shortly after the doors are opened. so great is the rush to see Shakspear's fine olt comedy, The “Maid of the Moun- | tain’ will conclude the ainmente, } ronan Trrsine.—The elegont drama of Woman.” | ch is descriptive of her fidelity und most trying clisumsstances, {will again be presented thie evening. Thore of the fair sex who wish to see veluti in speculum—all | those rave and charming qualities of the sex—had better visit the National (is evening. Those of the opposite sex | s of do- | should also go. and be instructe 1 mestic and conjugal felici Columbia's Sons, Cro » Adopted Child.” Banxum’s Muszum. —This extensive catablishment con- tinues as prosperous as ever. The lecture room is well | attended at every representation. and the utmost satis- faction is evinced throughout. The grand Oriental spec- tacle of “Cherry and Fair Star,”’ which has bad so suc- cessful a run, is to be represented both thisafternoon aud | evening, Ali the leading performers appeer in it | Rowrry Cincr's.—This establishment will positively | close on Saturday evening next: therefore. those who | have not yet seen Sands & Co.’s powerful troupe in the deli The other pieces are the Line,’ aud the should avail themselves of this opportunity, The pro Cunisty's Mixstreis.—This popular band of minstrels advertise another entertaining performance for thi They continue to be honored by very lange as vided by this Mixstrvis.—The programme y his evening. talented company of negro delineators. New Ontraxs Orrna any Baier Trovrr.—If this band was permanently situated in New York, they would reap o rich harvest, Their representations, #0 far, have given the utmort satisfaction. The programme for to- night is well selected. Merrorouitan Hart.—Dempster. the favorite ballad singer. Who has won additional laurels in his tour through the South, for his plaintive and unafl ed i and touching vocalization, will give au | portunity presents. | West of Venera and with mue! j Positron of the Maine Lew—Violations of the Lot- | sical soirées this evening, The programme contains fine selcotion pat songs Naval Intelligence. Navan Coances.—-First Lieutenant of the Green, lied from that Charlestown Navy Yard, has station, and ordered to the U. &. prop Princeton. the rame to take effect on the 20th Inst. 1 R. Misroon, now in Washington, has been ordered to the yard to fill | the vacancy The U.S. chip St. Mary's, which sailed from San Fran citco March Ist. for the ‘East Indies, had arrived at San Francisco in thirty-five days from Callao, and was or dered by Commodore C. MeCauley, commanding the Ps cific station, to take to Canton the Japanese who were brought into port some monthe since, turn them over te rome yove vesse! of the Kast India squadron, and return to the antic by the Cape of Good Hope. The St. Mary's had been seventeen months in commission and en from the United States, she haa sailed about Vaiparaiso, and Calin Navigation, and fee ele sande Fejow group, (Wenly wglt c » Marquesas, § coast opital of the ee Of 6,00) unites, ja to Tatoabupan, & di Gage, OE | they will probably ec fateresting Home Correspondence, Our Washington Correspondence. Wasminoron, April 4, 1352. The Diseoverer of Etther—Testimonial from Con- Gress, Ge. A apooial eommittoo was, it will be remembered, appointed by the House of Representatives, upon the memorial of Dr. William T. G. Murton, to inquire into his disoovory of tho anwathotic propertios of the vapor of sulphuric ether, and of his public and auc- cessful application of this agont in surgical opera- tions, and of its use ia the army and navy of tho United States, and to report upon the propriety of purchasing his patent for ‘tho discove: This com- mittee consista of Mr. Biasell, of Iinois; Mr. Suther- land, of New York; Mr. Fitch, of Indiana; Mr. Ran- toul, of Massachusotts ; and Mr. Stanley, of North Carolina. Thewhole subject has boon carefully and thoroughly examined by the committee, which, it is said, id now propared to report unazimously in Piles of a liberal appropriation ia Dr. Morton's favor. Meanwhile, the Eresien exortions are makin; by Dr. Jackson and some other parties, through the columns of such papors aa the Police Gazetteand the Evening Post, to prejudice the public against the matter, and to try and create the impression that Dr. Morton is not the original discoverer of the etherization, but that Dr. Jackson is. All theso par- tis, however, wero fully examined by tho committee, and their evidence rejected. Dr. Jackson then pub- lished @ statement in tho Baltimore Sun, and upon it he has been arrested for a libel. The French Academy at Pavia, in 1947, inyosti- gated Dr. Morton’s claims to the original discovery; and after a full hearing of all the testimony to try and impeach his claims, they expreasod thoir beliotin his merits, and presented him with a gold modal of the first class. The report is ready to be made as g00n as an op- Our Albany Correspondence. Ausany, April 4, 1852. Lhe State Treasury besetged by Various Religious Denominations—A Combination Formed Under the Log-Rolling System—Probable Success. The “pressure upon the Legislature is unprece- dented, at this moment, to obtain appropriations from the State for what is termed the support of colleges, the higher seminaries of learning. ‘Che | lobby is filled with “white neckeloths,” as Senator Pierce terms these impudent beggars. As yet no- thing has been given, and from the scrutiny of in- estigation which tho various applications must re- ceive, there is strong reason to believe this system of plundering the treasury will soon cease. The same efforts were made at the last session, and some sixty thousand dollars would have been obtained, had not the nigger question happily intervened. At a preconcerted moment, whon a batch of these bills were iu a favorable condition, an amendment was offered to one of them, appropriating a large sum--some ton thousand dollars—to an institution injCortland county, known as the MeGrawville Aca- demy, an abolition, amalgamation concern, which has a black ‘ professor,” and admits childron black and white indisoriminately. This proposition was resisted by the hunkers and silver grays with much earnestness. A week’s quarrel en- sued—one party insisted that no appropriation should be mado unless this Cortland coneern had a full share--the opposite party as sternly con- tended to oxclude it from the patrimony of the State—and so betwoen them both, as neither would yield, the treasury was protected from that species of plunder during the last fiscal year. During this session nothing as yet has been heard from the McGrawville Academy. Another tack has been taken, and an adroit movement has been on foot to accomplish the purpose in another manner. Mr. Conger, chairman of the Literature Committee of the Senate, has reported in favor of giving larger appropriations to what he terms “literary institu- tions.” There are bills to aid a large number of so called colleges and academies. The pioneor bill is the one to assist the ‘Genesee College,” very re- recently a graduate and now an extinguisher of a remote isolated village sehool, known as the Lima Academy of Livingston. Sixteen thousand dollars only is wanted to endow professorships, the erec- tion of accommodations, the purchase of works of science, philosophical apparatus, the salaries of *« professors,” &e., &e. aoe a discussion on this bill, a fow oars since, the fact appeared that this ‘* Genesee College” was exclusively under the patronage and jurisdiction of the Methodist Church, and it was at once declared that thore was ground for suspicion that it was purely a theological esta- blishment, and that the Legislature had no power to aid in the building up of one religious denomi- nation to the exclusion of all others. On the othor hand, it was argued, and with much truth too, that the State had for the last fifty years assisted in the growth of other denominations. There is Columbia College, under control of the Episcopalians; Union College, managed exclusively by Presbyterians, and having a Presbyterian clergy- man, for nearly half century, as its President and sole financial officer; the Rochester University, a Baptist institution; St. John’s College, a Catholic establishment. Indeed, all the pretended “higher institutions” being under control of one or the other of the religious denominations, have received libe- ral gifts from the State—Union and Columbia their hundreds of thousands of dollars; and after having heretofore extended the helping hand to those classes of sectarians, the State should manifest no partiality, but grant $16,000 this year to a Methodist school of theology, a society which, it is conceded, numbers among its members a small portion only of sufficient wealtt to contribute from their private means. Now, it is wisely contended that the time has arrived when the State should hesitate awhile and see whether this pveraed class of respectable annual beggars should not be left upon their own resources; and also ascertain whether sufficient energy cannot be infused in their managers, and sufficient talent in their ‘‘pro- fessors”’ to support themselves, without constantly knocking at the doors of the treasury of the State. It is reasonable that the Methodists should be assisted as liberally, and perhaps more so, than either the Presbyterians or Episeopalians ; but if the State adopts one it must the whole, and then there will be aconstant sectarian strife for aid, and neither wit undertake to help themselves. Rather than that such a crisis should arrive, ii would be wiser for the Legislature te refuse all further centribu- tions, unless to institutions eonducted upon the prin- ciples of the University of Virginia, established and endowed by Jefferson, or the college in Philadelphia founded by Girard. But the extensive ‘‘leg-rolling” now practised in the lobbies and lodgings of members by the “ white neckeloth” gentry, se perseveringly persisted in, will very likely suce i. ‘The dozen different interests are pressing their applianees, and it is found that several members who have heretofore stood sentinels at the doors of the treasury, may desert their post, and allow these bills to pase. ‘The Western. mem- hers are determined to vote for every applisation justice too, that the Southern and Eastern scetions of the State has drawn its millions from the treasury for the purposes of education, while the Western por- tion has heementirely neglected. The West is now reaching unte manhood, and possease: ngth and power—consequently, its voiee must be heard. and its demands recognized. Jn the face of this, how- ever, the member of the Legislature must recollect that the greatest ineome ef the State is pledged for | twenty years to hondholters. Our Boston Correspondence, Boston, April 3, 1852. tery Laws==The Suffolk Bank: Afair--Mr. Tyr- rll—Miss Davenport--Burning of the mont Tinplh——-A New Democratic Paper-- The Weather, §c.. &e. We are to have another respite from the Maine Jaw discussions, the House of Representatives hav- ing postponed the further consideration of the bill for several days. in order that it may be printed agamended. That body has stricken out the vefe- renee of the bill, and also made several other amendments, all calculated to perplex politicians with fear of change, as if they were so many cowets, with fiery hair and Jong tails. It is by no means certain that the bill will pase the House as amend- ed. thongh the chances are in its favor. the most ultra-temperance Some of mien are disgusted with the amendments, and say they care very little what Hecomes of such a piece of botched-up work. But to theiv reason before many at fortune shall be ready to allow them—perha A man might propheey either ey without much hazard to his aoares re haga sight; but one thing is certain about th qi hh es, and that 4, that it has played the devil with politicians. Everybody is talking visit to the ach objected to that y fore the authoritic days, 90) about Lola Montes, and her Some of had Puritans ue in e subject was up he- eer tay, t nd Mr Moter- on. Vola has editor of the ript, who had visit 5 he other day, i “ Sarg tea able (ox gat-lup) Avening TWanser the Hor rich, and ie much enjoyed by men of all opinions. Ne oan bo more ‘wad, from the writer’s the “raw” Tr 2m en nite ovident thst one has beet 1 edup ” by some of bia friends. She-has put on bim; aad, if he should be found ing off, that mark will be sufficient for his iden- isworth doing at all is worth doing well; and is the way she does it. I understand that sho saya she would horsewhip any man who should, to herface, say what old Folt said about her, relative to the charactor of hor conneotion with the old King of Bavaria; and I do not in the least doubt of her boing a6 (ee as her word, should opportunity offer. Miss Davenport will commence an engagemont at the Howard, next Monday evening. Sho has always been peinias here, and not undosorvedly 50. Mr. Tyrrell, whois at tho National, is oriticiaed unfavorably by somo of our theatro goors. They pronounce him to be not quite equal to tho first- class stars. ore Brewer, the Suffolk Bank defaultor, is, in one respect, like unto St. Paul—ho is in bonds. Tho bail was too heavy for him, and he was hold to appear at the Municpal Court on Monday. It is supposed to bo all up with him. That the bank has lost immensely 13 now understood on all hands. It-has a reserved fund, however, of some three hundred thousand dellars, which will be ma- terially reduced, as a consequence of the operations of Messrs. Brewer and Rand. Nobody seems to care a straw about the bank’s loss. It is an odious in- stution in the eyes of almost every man not immedi- ately interested in the maintenance of the system of which it is the body, tho soul, and the mind. It is undeniable that the bank has benefited the wholo community, through its rigorous enforcement of its system; but it is equally undeniable that.the High- land chiefs who took ‘**black mail” as a preventive to all robberies but thoir own, were useful men, Wo must look to motives, when judging of affairs and their causes. Now, the motives of the Suffolk Bank have been, to the last degres, sordid in all that it has done for the “public good.” Honce men do not care what happens to it, though willing enough to acknowledge that the indireot operation of itasystem has been good--aomething on the samo peas that the fear of hell has beon found usoful, suppose—it keeps people strait, whom nothing /|else AAS have had any efleot upon. It is said by some of the friends of the bank that Rand will be captured in Europe, and that the funds will mostly be recovered. That will do to toll. Had Rand simply run away with the bank’s funds, it might be easy to make an arrangement with him —he to restore the funds, and the bank to wink at his rascality; but he was a speculator on the most extensive scale, operating to the extent of three quarters of a million of dollars in one case. He hasn't the money--that’s gone. Who has it? Who can tell? It has been lost in desperate coups to re- trieve a fortune. As well might one look for the leaves that fell fifty yoars ago, as for the money to which Rand helped himself, He, no doubt, has something handsome in his possession; but it will be found greatly behind the summa total?s of the bank’s loss. During Brewer's examination there was constant squabbling going on between the Court and Mr. Hallett, rewer's senior counsel. they, anapped and snarled at one another in a most charmingly captivating manner. Time was when both gentle- men were the greatest cronies, leagued together in politics, and tee against what would now be called hunkerism. Mr. Now Hallett is the chief of hunkers, and Justice Cushing is—what he is, a very respectable magistrate, who thinks no small beer of himself. The eae have made choice of Charles Francis Adams and Mr. Speaker Banks, as delegates to to the Philadelphia Fourth of July convention. The whigs had no candidates—rosolving to leave the whole thing to the magnaminity of their oppo- nents--and with poor results, as thoy now see. It Wasa wrong move to make a party matter of an election on which all men could have met as Ameri- cans. The whigs scatterod their votes, giving some to Abby Folsom and others to Lola Montes. The laws against lotteries are most flagrantly violated. They are very severe, and grew out of some startling acts of crime, ending in suicide, almost twenty yoarsago. The same sort of feeling then prevailed against lotteries--only more so— that now exists against the liquor business. It is thought that legislation will prove as futile in the one case as it has inthe other. As lotteries aro as thick as locusts in South, Africa, the inference is that grogecrios will be quite as numerous under the laine law—when it shall come to oxist. A man charged with having lottery tickets for sale was before our municipal court, yesterday, who Toes have been held to bail in the sum of $100,000! He was put under $20,000 bonds. The demon of fire has cruelly removed the Tre- mont Temple from among us. Thus has vanished a building that had become classical with true Bos- tonians, though not as a temple, but as the theatre. ‘Lhe Tremont theatre was erected about a quarter of a century ago, and was used in its legitimate capa- city for about sixteen years, when it was converted into a (so-called) temple, where all kinds of lectures, concerts, &c. were given, an which were many offices and similar places of business. There is not much sentiment associated with the temple, but fuusetis contrary was the case with the theatre. wi he Tremont was the most brilliant dramatic es- tablishment that ever existed in New England, and 1 ad seen within its walls all the great actors whe {rod the American boards during a period by no means the dullest in our dramatic Tre it is true that,in its latter days, itjsunk terribly low; and I have seen things on its stage that were richer than any farec I ever saw there. But about fifteen years ago---that is, when Ellen Tree first appeared ere---the Tremont was one of tho finest resorts for intellectual amusement that could have been desired hy the most fastidious taste. We used then to have the geod old sterling comedies, the good old pleasant farces, and music that was worth hearing. I have seen the threo tiers of boxes, on some grand night, crowded with the beauty and intellect of one of the most cultivated of cities. In those days it was not bad fon to visit the theatre, and people did visit it ho, by the conventionalfties of society, are considered better than their fellow Brilliant audiences ~ le brilliant act- ing, and tlose were the seplem placidi dies of our dramatic life. Jf I thought that the theatre would rise from the site of the temple, I could almost find it in my heart to rejoice over the burning of the lat- ter. Anew Tremont theatre would do a grand busi- neas--for ene season, at least. Mrs. Mowatt continues to suffer much from the consequences of her fall. Though in no danger, her injuries ave very severe, and months must clapse be- she can appear om the stage. She is residing with a relative. ‘The weather has, during the week, been fickle as fortune. We have had two or three pleasant Os is lots of rain, and several snow storms. On the 3lst of March, 1851, the thermometer was at 74; on the Sist of Marcl. 1852, the day was cold enough to mae one to the bones, and a snow storm marked its clore. ‘There is nothing of particular interest in the lite- rary world here, unless the talked of new democratic paper can come under the head of literary matters. Ofall the jokes of the season, this ig the richest, and deserving of especialembalmment. There is no more chance for a third democratic Hl os here, than there would he fat manin a bed ** with @ million of fleas. Neither of the two paper: of that faith now published here, draws the quarter part of its support from the democracy, and would die if it, depended upon party for support. ‘The fseveral able men have been mentioned in connection with the new journal that is to be; but ae something beside brains is wanted in the getting up and inanagement of public journals, but little re- liance can be placed upon the stories afloat. Ifmere intellect were all that is necessary for, the purpose, the democrats might have the best papers in Bos- ton. But where is the capital to come from? Who is to come down with the dust, merely that a dust may be kicked up? 1 am inclined to the opinion that it would be as easy to find a gold mine in Bos- ton Common, as to establish a new successful demo- cratic paper here. ALGOMA. Brooklyn ty Intelligence, Tay Moxvacce Fenny Qutstton.—The argument on the injunction order granted by Judge Burcule, restrain- ing the Mayor. Aldermen, and Commonalty of the city of New York from exceuting or delivering any lease for any ferry from the foot of Wall street, New York, to Brooklyn, or from the foot of Montague street, Brook- lyn, to New York, was set down for Special Term, before Tadge Strong. and was expected to have been heard on Monday, but. hy consent of parties, it was postponed to Monday next Monrarity 1s Brooxrys.—The number of deaths in ' this city, for the week ending April dd, are reported by the Health Physician, as follows:—Males 38, females 37— of which 23 weve over. and 52 under 21 years of age.— Of the above number, 2 died of biliows fever. Covns—Disenance arren Coxvreries.—Daniel Alien, who, about six months since, was convicted of an asewuit and battery with intent to kill, was brought up Monday morning, and discharged on his own recog. since heen ahora that he was at work aborer, ii nge county, on the day the ass at Satinged to have been cominitted. Ie had been con- fined in jail for abeut eleven months. identity; butit hy immon Schools for Huntingdon. b. 1 Cor the year ling April 1st, gives the following results:—Disiricts, children between five and sixteen years of age, 2.051 Amount of public money, $2.207 1%; tor teachers’ wages $101 for library, $204 14 Tar Munson rrey—At the meeting of the Common Co ceived from Valentine @ raying the Board to take sneh m pedient iu opposition to the proy yfrom the foot of Tudeon Alderman Spinola was ing the petition iotion Zapon it, and on mo opposed to ground that it it wasin favor of vu it was re ferred to the Merry aud Water Vounmiltes (or report, endowed” | eral, 7 of scarlet, 1 of typhoid, and 5 of «mall | On his trial several witnesses testified to his. on Statistics, —The report of the Town Inspector | fe Pipers hip oe against said ‘or le practices ern: rowing the ment, in levying war for the purpose of overthi samo; that Schicesinger waa sentenced to ten yeara’ im- prisonment, and the deponont belioves that he is new suifering that penalty; tho afldavit of Mr. 0’Conor alse states that Schlessinger is a Hungarian by birth, and met 4 citizen of the United States, and is wholly destitute of propery to ro-imburse deponent, should he be hold Liable The District Attorney admitted that Schlessinger is now & prisoner, beyond the power of this goverument te reach, and that ho had reason to know the imp: waa for & period of ten years. He the District At dil not, therefore, oppose the motion, aud it was ingly granted. : DECISIONS. Avni. 5.—Judge Betts ordered decrees to be entered im the following cases in Admiralty, Joseph Walters vs. The Brig Hadive—Bxception to the Commissioner's Report, awarding $800 damages to the libellant—allowed, and damages mtuced to $100 aad costa, A. Kershedt 9s, James H. Hackett and othors.—Six exoep- tion to tibel all heid bad, for attempting to. perform office of pleas on demurs, for inaufliciency in substance in the Libel, and overruled with costa, Mlexander Hawkins 3. the Steamboat Geneval Taylor. — Application by Ubellaut to sell tie boat as porishable. Donied with costs, William Turner va. Charles H_ Sionton.—Motions that atipulators justify, or that tho defendant give a new stipu | lation, aa im a case of personal arrest. previous to the al- toration of the Supreme Court rules in Decembor term, 1850. Ordered accordingly. without prejudice to the do fence, undor the former stipulation tust defendant cannot be made liable to imprisonment. Duel Goff, et als, vs. the Brig Abvam.—Libel to recover tho value of merchandise shipped ou board the brig, amd ost at sea, Judgment for defendant, because the were received under a special undertaking ; and being lost without fault or negligence, tho vessel is uot Liable for the loes, Libel dismissed with costs, William S, Osborn vs, William Pease ard eight other de- Sendants.—Action in persomim to recover wages for & voy- ‘age to California, on an alleged agreement by ordinary chipping articles. Judgment for defendants on the grounds:—1, That the contract waa special and not ofthe = + character of an agreement between a seaman and master Of a ship for wages. 2. The libellant left the vessel volunta- rily inthe West Indies, and has no right to ciaim pay for the whole voyage. |. ‘That he received ail ho was en. titled to up to the time he left the vessel. 4, That the Hbellant, in, the character of engineer in a steamship, ia not entitled to claim from the Gourt the g accorded common sailors against contracts for unusual or onerous in their nature; but stands on the footing of any other mechanic or artisan bargaining with another pariy, 5. The defendants are uot proved te have been owners of the vessel whon the contract was ca- tered into; the vessel was not lable to the libellant for the fulfilment of the agreement, and the defendants oam- not be made 60 merely by means of being afterwards owners, James Tatem vs. Thomas Riley.—Exception to Commis- sioner’s report; the allowance of $500 by the Commissioner for deterioration of vessel rejected a8 a gross sunn, with leave tolibeliant to go again before the Qomumissioner and prove specific damages. Schmidt §* Balchen vs. the Bark Superb, her Tackle, §-c.— In the matter of the answer and petition of Jamos Wilkia, it is decided that the pleadings and proceedings are not im such shape that a final decision can be rendered ia the cause, and ordered a stay of ten days to enadlo tho par- ties. by stipulating or otherwise, to correct the defects. The’ case of the Brig Susan.—The United States vs; the Brig Susan.—Seizure of vessel and cargo, for being concerned in the slave trade ; judgment of Court in favor of claimants (William H, Harbeck & Co.) of ship and cargo, with order of certificate of probable cause of scigure. ttm ee ee Supreme Court—Special Term, Before Hon. Judge Edwards, Arnis, 6,—Fanny Birdsall vs, The New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Co.—Mr. Brady moved, on the part of the defendants, for a new trial in this case. It was an action for damages. in which the plaintiff alleged that her foot \ ' ' i ' i ’ was injured by the negligence of persons having of the baggage crate for the defendants. in August, 1847. ‘The cause was tried before Judge Mitchell, on the Mthoé September, 1850, and the jury gave a verdict for the plain- tiff of $1,000. ‘The plaintiff was about sixty years of, at the time of the occurrence, and was passing out oftae ' Jersey ferryboat to take the cars for Newark. The de- fence was that no servant of the defendant's had any coa- nection with or control over the crate, at the time the accident occurred; and that the accident occurred ' the negligence of the plaintiff or her sister, who was im company with her, The motion fora new trial is now made on Laie pgp! tothe ruling of the Court. Mr. Re- maine resisted the application. Decision reserved. Law Intelligence. Lear. EFFECT OF TAKING A SLAVE TO A FRER Sratx.—The Supreme Court of Missouri has recent- ly decided a case of importance, in a legal point of View, as well as of considerable age intorest. It appears that the late Dr. John Emerson, surgoon in the U.S. army, owned a slave, named Drodd Scott, whom he took with him at different times in free territory, whither he was ordered, and where he was stationed, plenary t at different timos four years in free territory. After the decease of his master, Dredd brought an aetion against the administrhtrix of the estate, to recover his freedom, on the ground that the laws of the free States and territories, to which he had been taken by his master, ontitled him to his freedom. The court instructed tho j that, if they were satisfied that ee had resided, with his master’s knowledge and consent, in free States and territories, as alleged, he was entitled to his freedom. The jury accordingly returned a verdict in favor of Seott. The defendant moved for a new trial, on the ground of the misdirection ofthe court. Thisbeing refused, the widow, who was administratrix, sued out a writ of error, and the case was brought before the Su- Jee Court of Missouri. In this court, Jt ott Brean and Judge Rayland concurria; judgment of the lower court was reversed, aad the cause remanded. The ground taken by Jw Scott, in his decision, was, that the States, 90 far as their municipal concerns go, are foreign to each other; and the laws of one State can have no effect | in any other State, except so far as a spirit of comi- Wy may exert an influence; and this influence should depend on the conformity of such laws to the inati- * tutions of a sister State. But a State was not bound to carry into effect enactments conceivedin» spirit of hostility to her own laws, as were the actments of free States concerning slave property. The Court conceived that such a concession to thetlaws of the free States as had been given by the State Court in this case, would subject Missouri te the greatest inconvenionce and loss of property, surrounded as she is on three sides almost, by free territory. While, therefore. it was conceded, ac- cording to Chancellor Kent, ‘to be a principle of | public Igw, requisite for the safe intercourse and | commerce of mankind, that acts, valid by the law of the State where they arise, are valid everywhere, it is, at the same time, to he understood that this prin- ciple relates only to civil acts founded on the voli- tion of the parties, and not tosuch as proceed from the sovereign power. The force of the latter cannot be permitted to operate beyond the limits of the | territory, without affecting the necessary indepen- | dence of nations.” 2 Kent, 117, 8. There was no evidence in the case before thent | that the master of Dread intended to manwnit him, ~ | or considered him entitled to his freedom in conse- | Fe ot his residence in a free territory: and the act that Scott had not availed himself of his posi- tion while in a free territory, and had voluntarily 7 yeturned to his master’s house in a slave State, cus him off from all bonefit from his master’s act in tak- ing him into a free State. For, argued the judge-— “In States and Kingdoms in which slavery is the least countenanced, and where there isa constant ; struggle against its existence, it is admitted law, that if a slave accompanies his master to a country in which slavery is prohibited and remains there a length of time, if care his continuance in such country there is no act of manumission decreed by . | its ie and he afterwards returns to his master’s | ‘ do where slave pera, he has no rightto | maintain a suit founded upen a ciaim of it freedom. This is the law of England, where it is that. her air is too yee for @ slave to breathe nd that no sooner does he touch her soil than his shackles fall from him. The case of slave, Grace, 2 Haggara Adm’rl’ty Rep. 94, “ Story, in his * Conflict of Laws,’ says it has bec seleranly decided that the law of England abhors, | and will mat endure the existence of “avery within the nation; and consequently, as soon as a slave lands in England he beeomes, ipso facto, a free man and disch: from the state of servitude; and there is no doubt that the same principle pervades (he commen law of the non-slavoholding States im America—that is to say, foreign slaves would no | longer be deemed such after their removal thither. | But (he Soedeient it is a very different question | how far the original state of slavery might ro-attaclt } j teen bess erty, i shoutd return te the country | \ 4 as a clave.” —See gah leclared to be and was held ’ > This decision of Judge Seott overrules severat cases which have been previously decided by tive Our. | Supreme Court o} | a Power or Isaomary ‘A year since, Mlijal 3 f Penn, killed # rattlesnake in his field without injury to himself, and immediately aitor put ou. lie ‘aisteont, both being of one color, He returned to his houve, and on attempting to button hie waisteont. lie | found to his astonishment that it was mucn too small His imagination was now brought to a high pital, aud hie instantly conceived the idea that he had been imporespic, bly bitten by the » ¢, and was thus swollen from its Nn. He grew suddenly very ill, end took to hia bed family. in gront alarm and confusion, summo: three physictuns, and the usual remedios were prescei and administ however, grew wors every minut A came howe with Oi « fottiiar'a w Vo mystery Wie = until at q A | We restored bo lemaye,