The New York Herald Newspaper, March 31, 1852, Page 6

Archbishop Hughes’ Catholic Chapter, de. LIBEBTY OF CONSCIENCE A STATE'S RESURYED RIGHT. No. Ue Wasninoron, March 17, 1853. Ma. Barerr—Archbishop Hughes contends that we aro indebted to the constitution of the United States for the religious liberty we now enjoy. Well, I am willing to admit that those ofus who live un- dor the exclusive jurisdiction of the general govorn- moni—none other—have a protection in the provi- sions of that instrument in respect of religious liber- ty, and similar to that which was enjoyed by the people of Maryland under the proprietary govern- ment—both charters prohibiting intolerance. And, ifhonor is due to the people of the old thirteen States who engrafted the prohibition into the con- stitution, rather than to the Congress which is thus hibited, 80, for my own part, I rather honor King Charles the First and his privy council, for the liberal spirit which pervades the charter of Mary- land, than Lord Baltimore, to whom the grant was made, and his colonists, who had no hand in its formation; but who, with the proprietary himself, wore restrained by its provisions from committing acts of oppression, as by and bye I will show by ex- tracts from the charter. ** As soon,” says the Archbishop, ‘‘ as the States had approved and confirmed the provisions of the constitution, it was natural that they should adjust their local charters in accordance with the princi- ples of the great instrument of federal union.” | Tho fact is, the people of the States, in their se- veral conventions, had ratified the constitution some years before the provision referred to by the Arch- hishop became a part of that instrument; andit was in accordance with the desire of those very gon- ventions that it became so. It is manifest, there- fore, that instead of wishing to adjust their State constitutions in accordance with any religious princi- ples of the federal constitution, the desire was, an at was gratified, to adjust the latter in conformity with those principles of justice and liberty alroady glowing in the bosoms ofthe people. Nevertheless, much difficulty wasexperienced indissolving the con- nection between Church andState. The last act of the kind wasdoue only about twenty yearsago, which, I believe, completed the business. Some of the 5 he correctly represents, commenced a li- tom with reference to the rights of con- , 8ome years before the formation of the con- stitution. Virginia is not named by the Archbishop i category, though her ** act for establishing ous freedom” was passed in 1786, three years the United States went relig m” y before the constitution © into operat and five years before the clause con- cerning r 1 was engrafted in it. Mr. Jefferson, ropresenting the Presbyterians and Quakers, and Mr. ¥ s, were chiefly instrumental ison the Bap in effecting this. The Dill was drawn up by Mr. Jefferson; and the preamble and act both being re- ic, an extract o ntence or so may not be amiss “Well aware that Almighty God hath created mind free—that all ‘attempts to influ- it by temporal punishments or burdens, or by incapacitations, tend ouly to beget habits of hypo- crisy and meanness, and are a departure from the plan of the Holy Author of our religion, who being Lora’ both of body and mind, yet close not to propagate it by coercion on either, as was in his almighty power to do--that the impious presump- tion of legislators and rulers, civil as well as eccle- siastical, who, being themselves but fallible and uninspiaed men, have assumed dominion over tho faith of others, setting up their own opinions and modes of thinking as the only true and infallible, and as such endeavoring to impose them on others, have established and maintained false religions over tho greatest part of the world, and through all time--that to compel a man to furnish contributions of moncy for the propagation of opinions which he believes, is sinful and and tyrannical,” &c. ** Bo it, therefore, enacted by tho General Assembly—That no man shall bo compelled to frequent or support any religious wor- ship, place or ministry whatsoever, nor shall be en- forced, restrained, molested, or burthened in his body or goods, nor shall otherwise suffer on account of his religious opinions or belief; but that all men shall befree to profess, and by argument to maintain, their opinions in matters of religion; and that the same shall in no wise diminish, enlarge, or affect their civil capacities.” ** We are free to declare that the rights hereby asserted are of the natural rights of mankind; and that if any act shall be hereafter passed to repeal tho present, or narrow its » such act will be an infringement of E right.” The Archbishop, in his third paragraph, reiterates and insists that the clause in the constitution, in- correctly quoted by him, and which I gave correct- ly from the constitution iteelf, in my first number, “guarantees to all the people of this widely extend- ed Union, the perfect and perpetual equality” of religious rights and freedom of conscience.” You understand, sir, J doubt not, that the ground stake is that the in question does no such thing. It guards us against_any act of Congress—nothing more; and I think I have offered arguments, in- cluding the extract from Judge Story’s commen- tarics, sufficient to satisfy any one of the correct- ness of my position, Ww is, affirmatively, that the whole matier ofreligion belongs to the States, andnot tothe general government. But lest any should still doubt, I will quote what Mr. Madison says in his report on the celebrated Virginia reso- lutions, of this samo clause, and of the view taken of it by the Virginia Convention, where it was first suggested, and before it became a part of the con- stitution. The federal government is composed of powers specifically granted, with reservations of all others to the States or to the people. (In. the clause referred to by the Archbishop there is no power graated.) ‘‘Here,” says Mr. Madison, after repoating the language of the Virginia Convention, “ig an oxpress and solemn declaration by the con- vention of the State, that they ratified the consti- tution in the sense that no right of any denomina- tion can be cancelled, abridged, restrained, or me- dified, by the government of the United States, orany part of it, except in those instances in which powor is given by the constitution, and in the sense particularly, that among other essential rights, the liberty of conscience and freedom of the press cannot be cancelled, abridged, restrained, or modi- fied by any authority of the United States. Words could not well express in @ fuller, or more forcible manner, the understanding of the convention, that the liberty of conscience aud freedom of the press were equally and completely exempted from all authority whatever of the United States. : “Under an anxiety to guard more effectually those rights against’ every ‘possible danger, the (Virginia) convention, after ratifyinig the constitu- tion, proceeded to prefix to certain amendments pro- posed by them, a declaration of rights, in which are two articles providing, the one for the liberty of conscience, the other for freedom of speech aud of the press.” Again: E ; “Both of these rights—the liberty of conscience and of the preas—rest equally on the original ground rf pot being delegated by ihe constitution, and conse- quently withheld from the governmont. Any con- truction, therefore, that would attack this original veurity for the one, rust have the like effect on the her.” “Mr, Madison’s argument, in the controversy about he alien and sedition laws, completely refuted the ederalist doctrine of constitutional authority re- specting the liberty of the press, and which is now started afresh by Archbishop Hughes, as to the liberty of conscience, and made the Roman Catholic doctrine; but he may rely on it, it is a doctrine that will never be swallowed by the people of the States If the constitution of the United States did really suarantee to all the people of this Union—as ho ontends—-perfect and perpetual equality of religious ights and freedom of contcience, then would the lause in the constitution of New Hampshire, disa- ling Roman Catholics from holding office, be eally “a dead letter,” not, however, for the eason assigned by the Archbishop—the Catholics cf that State being very few—but because the con- titution of the initea States, being the supreme aw ofthe land, is pararoount; and then this now objectionable feature in that constitution, being null and void, would present no cause for complaint on he part of Roman Catholics. But, as the matter cally stands, the Archbishop's allegation of incon- istency hetween the recommendation by the people of that State, of a provision in the federal constitu- tion forbidding Congress to interfe matters of religion, and the clause in the constitution of their own State, obnoxious to the charge of intolerance, is quite erroncous and groundless. They have the right--I do not say the moral right—they have the political and the physical right, at least, to be intolerant. They, alone, ye the Get . to judge of the expedieney and propriety of their tal names thes is none to controvert this. If they please they may declare in their constitution that no one professing the Christian . of any denomination whatever, shall office in that State; and of such a provision there is nothing countervailing to be found in the constitution of the United States. If this doctrine is correct—-and I maintain that it is so, in the view of every learned jurist in the country--how can Arch- pope Sor ie © have the face to stand up before the ican people and urge with such con- fidence and boldness a contrary doctrine ? T now dismiss this point. J'would not have dwelt upon it 80 . had it not appeared to be regarded by the Arch! ag one of the chief points in his argument. His position established, the liberty of conscience, of speech, and of the press, could no donger, with propriety, be considered the natural and reserved rights of the people of the States, but favors imparted to them by the federal constitution; con- jweatly, they, no more than the Congress of the United Biates. could legislate on those subjects. Bat tho action of the people of the States from time to time shows — ny, — always: —e them uades their rightful and exclusive control ory respectfully, &o dorian F. Pow Building Aseoctations. TO THE BDITOR OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. Tt was my intention ore this to reply to the com- munication of Jacob Pecare, contained in the Henap of the 17th inst., but for want of time I had to delay it. That gentleman appoars to bo very confident that the array of figures aad his ar- @ument could not fail to convince every one that two and two make five, and that there is no mistake in the proof he furnishes, that the society must terminate in seven ycars bnd seven montha, and that, notwithstanding the tremendous shave in giving $140 for a share of $500, the borrower ia still benefitted. It is a great pity that he should have stopped his calculation at the ond of the seventh year, as ho lost the chance of showing as conolu- sively how the 80 remaining unredeomed shares, requiring $4,000 in cash, could have been paid, for, by his own figures, if correct, there was on hand Oply........-scecccresserenccosee 7 moro instalments would have produced. 14,000 00 The interest for 7 months on 142... 7,144 97 nn Sl foississ'paksu teas ecdticnsasacte oneeemlenan an He would have found out that the society could not be ready to close, and that it required at least another year. His good advice to take five sharos, at $140, and pay $700 on account of the house, and two shares more in order to pay the romainin; $1,000, at the termination of the society, to cancel the bond and mortgage, it appears was not followed by many, for if the borrowers had found it so profit- able ne bo does, thero would have been at loast 260 shares left unredeemed, which is more likely than 80, as in most societies only about one-half of the shares are redeemed. The society would, in that case, have stopped redeeming at 5 years and 3 months, when the amount of redeemed sharos bearing interest was $145,074, producing a monthly interest of $725 34, which, added to the monthly in- stalments of $2,000, made the pay incomo $2,725 34, or annually $32,704 08, which tho society had to reserve for the payment of two hundred and sixty shares, requiring $130,000 in cash, and could only put the money out at four or five por cent, and realizing scarcely more interest than the amount of expenses. To make up the said $130,000, it would therefore have required about tour years more, and in all over nine years. Let us now see how the borrower has been bene- fitted by the operation, and whether he had not done better by borrowing $140 in the usual mode at seven per cent, and if, after having paid the in- terest, he had put the balance in the savings bank, at 5 per cent, without giving a bond and mortgage for $500, ond making meelt liable for that amount if it had been foreclosed. The use of the $140 costs him, monihly, in_the society, $2 70; or, semi-an- nually. ¢ Now, if he applied to pay interest, ae sovan rier cents $4°40, Andras Halncbe OR GIL SH wore put in the savings bank, they would acumu- late to tho sum of $195 89 in'six years; $1836 66 in seven $219 in cight years; and 96 in nino years, out of which he could pay off his debt, and he would have a surplus loft of $112 96 in cash, at the time when tho society can, under the most favorable circumstances, reach its termination. That the investor who does not redeem hisshares, and those who sell their shares at the fictitious tion, are the only gainers, is a matter of course, where one loses another must gain, and there been yet no game discoveredat which all the player win, though this magical effect is claimed for the building associations. Some re, however, candid enough to say, that the borrower, is more or less fleeced, but taat he can do no better, as nobody would otherwiso loan him any money, and they are so very hencvolently disposed to the poor hy advancing him the means for pur- chasing a home at a discount of 72 percont. What fearful reaction will sooner or later tako place whon the poor victims find out that they have been allured hy false representations; that the continve their monthly payments for three, five, and perbaps more years longer than they were mado to Ballevss and that perhaps, unable to continue them, their property is taken from them and they are made to pay more than they have received. And where will those men who have lent their names and influ- ence to such schemes, hide their faces, when they at last discover that whatever profit is made beyond that, by the action of legitimate but compound interest, must be taken from the pocket of some one to enrich another. Much stress is laid upon the compounding monthly, very few, if any, knowing that $100 will produce in ten years, if compounded monthly at 7 per cent, $200 96; at 10 per cent, $270 70. If yearly at 7 per cent, $196 72, at 10 percent, $257 27, the difference being but trifling. In speaking thus of building associations, I wish to be understood that 1am a most ardent friend of the system, provided it is pn honest, correct, and not onesided principles, such us is carried on in Wngland where the government has placed them under certain regulations fixed by scientific men, and where all the societies, at least the new ones, are established on the permanent plan, which isthe only one which will obviate the many errorsand difliculties of the torminuting sysiem, as the bidding, the purchase of shares at fi s prices, and the constant invest ment of the funds. The framers of new association ought to study the works of Seratchley and Stone and not follow in the paths of former societies, and copy their errors and base their promises on ‘false statements of others. The law itself is defecti and ought to he ¢ An act to authori plundering of the poor.” The writer offered to the committee in the Legislature who had charge of it, an explanation of the many abuses and errors, wh might have guided them in framing a better law, but it appears that they thonght themselves wise enough, and did not accept the offer. Building associations, on the true principle, are i rovement upon Savings Banks, giving the mem one and all, all the benefits of the wonderful agency of compound interest, and it is perfectly true that they enable the poor to pur- chase a home at an outlay of not more than they have to pay for rents; but they must have for their motto “live and live.” Respectfully yours, &c., J. FB. New York, March, 1852. The Alms House Disbursements. The remarks in the Herap of the 5th inst., reta- to the enormous and most exfravagant expen- diture of the people’s money by the Ten Govern of the Alms House, havecaused much serious ing among the tax payers of this over bur i I read the article several times he jeve my own senses, and laid down the with the conclusion that there must h some error in transcribing the figures. I, however, on examining the Comptroller's report for 1851, find that your siatement, so far from bein; exagge- ve , fell chort of the smount drawn from the city hy thove gentlemen during the past ‘Che ac- count stands th Cost of Als I Repairs of A ‘Thus it appears that over haif a million of dollars have been expended in that department, of which the Ten Governors had the entire control, and of the expenditure of which they give no sy count, but merely make a report under general heads to suit themselves. i Under previous organizations it was not 30; all the vouchers or bills receipted were filed in the office of the Comptroller, showing not only the amount expended, but for what purpose it had been used. ‘They were examined by that officer, and subject to the inspection of the Finance Committee of both Boards of the Common Council; and, indeed, an, n who had reason to suspect that there was auyihing wrong, might satisfy himself by appli- cation to that Now, under the entire con trol of the Ten Governors, the practice is quite dif- ferent what they please. They employ as many a they please, and purchase the goods from whom they will, and pay whatever price they sce fit, audit, and pay the bills of their own contracting; keep in their own possessions, and from public vi apending, and nobody else's business how or for what they may have used it. This certainlyis avery strange state of things, and I think unprecedented in our city government, e3} lly as the Ten Go- vernors, nor any of their subordinates, give bonds for the faithful performance of their duty. The following extract fromthe Compiroller’s ro- port shows how bad the tex payers are at the mercy of those functionaries, ‘ The Board of Governors determine the amount to be raised annu- ally for the support of eaiddepartment; andtho Su- pervisors are by law required to raise and eolleet by tax the amount so deterntined by the anid Gover- nors.” Comment is here unnecess The simple and plain state of the case is, that however great the sum may be which they demand, it isimperative on the Board of Supervisers to raise and collect the same by taxation. What may be expected in the future may not only niet from the pea but the present demands of that independent and irrespon- sible board shows most certainly. The Comptrol- ler’s report shows a Balance on hand January 1. 1862, of............ $2085 74 Appropriation for Alms House.............++890,000 00 Do for repairs of Alms House... 48.000 00 Ertimating the recoipte of the department to be the same as in 1861, which the Governors used instead of pa; Mis vicebin sis 32,000 00 Total vee $472,086 74 Balance, Jan House fund, $2,190 Appropriation £25,000 $27,190 00 Total..... teseees $490,125 74 Thue it appears they ask for, and caloulate to expend aoother half million of dollars the prosent year, Should those Ton Governors ngrog to divide are obliged to ; They spend the money as they please, and , jew, the | vouchers, as if it were their own money they were | ol "4 sand dollars cach. I understand, however, that Brahe emdtins for ier eaten os and direct agents where to buy the Te ‘com: posed of gentlemen who are wealthy, clang position out of the reach of temptation, whore interest could not induce them to grant fa- vors, and who would use the public money in pur- chasing the requires sapplics, ‘a cash customers, at the lowest market price? or docs it eonsist of gen- tlemen who are in business, and who are looked upon as business mon (that is, who do their pri- vate busineas in a business way), and who sell the very kind of goods most used in the di nt. It is not to be su that they would uy their own 3 for the institutions, because the law for- bids them doing #0; but doos the law forbid their buying customers for their private business, by pub- lic’ patronage? Whether this be tho peace. I know not, nor would I ay Rumor says that there is annually a great deal of figuring and solicitude among some very pious and philant ropic men in that board to serve the public on that very committee. Many other 0 things are said, which, if true, not only proves tho system to be radically wrong, but that it is mos grossly mismanaged by those having the control of tho department. Yours, truly, Tay Paver. Priests and Death Bed Donations. QuesKc, March 15, 1852. TO THR BPITOR OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. Srr:—It would not be easy to convey to you an idea of the avidity and sensation with which your manly and sympathizing editorial, of tho 6th inst., in relation to ‘*Priests and Death Bed Donations,” was received and perused by the enlightened por- tion of our community. For soveral days the al- most universal questions put by perple to ono | another have been, “Have you seen the New York Heratp? How manly and gonerous of Mr. Bennett to take our part and lend us his aid to rid ourselves | of these monsters. Can it be that our day of deliver- ance is athand ?—that the chains of slavery which bind us are about to be removed ? Who knows what may result from the assistance of were it even only one paper, to our cause ?”’ Those, and similar remarks, wore uttered by hundreds of joy-filled hearts. Accustomed to living in such a country a3 the United States, whore villany is not long practised with impunity, you and your road- ers will no doubt imagine the ‘picture hare drawn to be exaggerated; but, sir, were you and they to be subjected, for a short time, to one-fenth part of the civil, moral, and us tyranny which these surpliced vagabonds and imposters are incessantly inflicting upon us, you | would very soon cease to be surprised at our joy. | Not content with monopolizing all the wealth and | riches of the country, they must follow us into our 'Y firesides with their tortures; our homes must be invaded with their spies; through the confessional, | and otherwise, the secrets of our families got at and | speculated upon by them; our property robbed from | us to enrich thembelves with; our quiot and repose itched from us by the continual and coaseless ging, from morning till night, of enormous bells | the sound of which makes our very brains dance, and for every toll of which they are heavily paid; our courts of justice and juries tampered with and controlled; and, what is worse than all, our charac- tersvillified and maligned, and theiratrocities glossed | over and made to appear irtuous actions, through incans of infamous and siavish presses and periodi- cals, which their unbounded weaith puts it ia their power to establish and circulate. | All these, and numberless other annoyances are we cursed with by this unrelenting common enemy, and if we find that you do uot get tiredof us and our complaints, means will be taken to have transmitted to you such information as will make you and the | ' American public astonished that there exist, on this | continent, human beings capablo of silently endur- ing such a state of society as these petticoated jug- pice have succeeded in establishing and keeping up | ere. Yesterday, the most inflammatory harangues, steeped in lies, were vomited forth from their pul- pits in relation to the attempts of Mr. Lecourt and | the hoirs ef McMahon to obtain their just rig) i harangues evidently intended to push thelr adhor- ents to assassination—for you must know that this is one of the means they resort to whenever they wish toget rid ofany objectionable persons. They dare not openly mention their names in the pulpit, but they commence by impressing upon their hearers that some great injury has been offered to religion, by partics whom it would be an act of respect to the divinity to destroy, without, of course, there stating to whom they refer: but when theirsorvicesare over, they avail | themselves of the opportunities afforded them by their Tosition, to communicate, secretly, the names of the persona they were afraid to name publicly, to “the faithful,” Who never fail, when the opportunity presents itself, to do what they have been given to understand would please ‘their reverences.”” ‘Thus ave persons continually exposed to loss of character, and sometimes of t lives, through means of an undevhand and terrifying system, which, in this country, there is no getting at. The most bare- | faced and audacious fulsehoods are uttered by them | on these occasions, with a coolness and offrontery, i leave no doubt on the mind of a careful ob- server, that they have no fears whatever of any future punishment for their iniquity—that they are | rot Ch ans at heart, and do not believe in the doc they teach for the purpose of feathering their nests and rendering themselves wasters of the | wealth of tho county | Let us, therefore, sir, once more implore you not | to desert us, but, on the contrary. to let ws state our complaints. All the new ers in this coun- try, with a very fow exceptions her atraid of this priestly fad uacas; (for they ever they please with very little tr interested—-some dircetly, others indireetly—-in keeping up the present system, or expeot to gain somcthing from our oppressors, by abstaining from exposing them. Should you publish ihis letter, no | doubt you will be told by some of ony periodicals— in order to cover their own infamy aud base servili- | ty in permitting such things to occur without no- Heing them, or allowing their columns to be had access to for that purpose, by correspondenta—that | € not quite so badly off as is here represent- | hut do not believe them. Have but « lit- and you will zea that you hi not ed, and that tho worst has not yet beew VeRITAS | Post Office. | paper of Mexico eity, the of Finanee, r e to the , of couriers. We translate ssage for the renders of the | | report of the geveral i 1 There is in ovr administration a deficioney whieh directly affects the clerks, and it is the delay with which | they divide the correspondence—eniprits of apathy aud nogleet—and who. conversing with those who call for let- | } ters, have detained them for one hour and a haif at the dow. Forthe support of that 1 eet. they give as, #n example, the aptitude with which the public are | served by the couriers of (he United States and Europe When will the ehame of our ham n cease to he tolerated? We are a on humiliated by the apathy | ond ¢ inal neglect of rome. and for the egotian of Mhers. who, being able to contribute to the safety of the country with their appeals, prefer to have nothing to do, | in arder not to be exposed to suffer the consequences of a war! But now that we bave passed through that igno- miny. let us work with loyalty. and adopt. a comparison, with all its consequences. The United States count | ds in every part of the country. magnifi- | | | | | pumerou cent roads in every part. with navigable rivers and steam- | boats, We bave, on our side, roads nearly impracti nihe mountains; and notwith:tanding (hat their facilitate a sure and prompt transport of the mails. 4 bat these roads are not filled with Mexico. some days ago the mail of by individuals. whoabstracted therefrom « of money orders and bank bills ‘The genera! direction of th States has $00 clerks. Our administration counts twenty-three port offices; and of the employées, one i foreign country ou important business. two offices are . three clerks are sick. and the ser’ feventeen clerks, Can we establish a comparison? ven in towns of second order of the United States, as at Cincinnati and Columbia. in Ohio and Louisville, in Ken- tucky, they bave a greater number of clerks than in our | general administration; and we may judge the manner in which thore clerks treat the public. Who is the Mexican gcatleman who has visited the United States and Karope, has not seen the blindness, the roughness, and the des: potism of these functionaries? It is proverbial in England. and it is always eaid of a man who is rough and wi ithout polite manners, “It appears this man is engaged in the post office.” It is not. then, extraordinery, if so many clerks in foreign countries can do better than the seven- teen we have. But the management of post offices is made with the greatest care and activity possible, Suspicion or Murper.— The merset (Pa.) Lda? Visiter of the 24th inst. says:—Our readers will all remember the trial of Mrs. Nancy Hofford last fall, at Cumberland, Md., for the murder of a rs. the jury could not agree in a verdict, and she was discharged. It is rumored teat since her release she attempted to take the life of the constable that arrested her, by giving him a poi- soned cake. We would fain believe this untrue. ‘The accused was formerly a resident of this county, and married Mr. Hofford, of Berlin, a very respecta- ble man. Some suspicions of foul play were enter- tained at the time of his death, but the matter was not investigated. Recent Searthummacets have | introduce. \ war, | becon The Effect of the Missionary After having boon bred in the beliof that one of the most beneficent and oreditable achievements of Christian missionary enterprise was to be found in tho regeneration of the people and institutions of the Sandwioh Islands, it is by no moana a pleasant thing, with greatly improved chances to see and to learn the real condition of things there, to find one’s self in doubt whether the missionaries deserve ore- dit or reprobation for their services in that behalf. To say the manners and customs of the islanders aro not amoliorated, in a great dogree, would be unfair. Captain Cooks are not slain there any more; but could they have cecaped g very considerable abatement of ferocity under an intercourse with civilized people? It is not intended, however, to urge the inovitability of a more peaceful demoanor on the part of that people, in a way to deny credit to the missionaries for their sorvices in inducing tho change. Frigates and whale ships might have ao- complished it, but the missionaries did it chiefly. The morals taught by the missionaries to these people were unexceptionable ; being from the code upon which rest our hopes, and the hopes of the world; and it is due to candor to state, the orews of some whale ships, and even of some frigates, proved anything but aids to the labors of the missionaries, or examples of the principles they were striving to It is doubtful if, in this department, more approbation is awarded to the missionarics than their diligence will juss. But they did more—-they furnished to this people maxims and institutions of government; and here controversy begins. re would be hard to render a valid roason why something should be required from the missionaries to these islands, which has not been furnished by their class since the hour they were cautioned by their master that his “kingdom was not of this world,” and so disqualified for secular affairs; wise and liberal notions of government, yet the f of ages might have suggested forbearance, if the propricties of their calling did not. The world will receive its morals from the church, but not its poli- ey. The Church of Rome, the shrewdest of human contrivances for purposes like these, was never equal to them; and though, in its long experience, kings and emperors have passed under its yoko, its temporal dominion has declined, and is well nigh lost. As ifto demonstrate the unfitness of ecclesiastical agencies for secular purposes, this has happened while the spiritual empire of that Church was expanding— hence, in Pio Nono is seen the superior of a moro numerous brotherhood than ever before acknowl- edged a pope, and a fugitive from the seat of that power which onco was able to compel royalty to hold the stirrup for hia predecessor. The error and obtuseness of ecclesiastics, in times past, may bo somewhat palliated by the cireum- stance, that in this department of human affairs, error and folly pervaded the world; yet, of the army of lockueade and tyrants whose memory is Prceenrod to us, the clorical wing is conspicuous. heir ranks have furnished to mankind arbitrary governors, cruel persecutors, and covetous tax gath- erers. Inthe case in question the marvel is, that men, themselves bred under republican institutions, saw fit, in the presence of an ignorant people, to ig: nore them, and to impose upon a docile and confid- ing race, a form of government repudiated by their own fathers at the cost of a protracted and bloody It was not too much to expect from American missionaries, that in case they concerned themselves beyond Legon ing the islanders a better religious faith, they would strive to commond to them, also, a better civil policy. At the time they used their | credit with their converts to amplify the monarchy, the subjects of monarchical governments were rivals of the Americans for the affections of the islandors; and it is not more fortunate than parpualng, that the Hawaiian government, in its late strait, did not | rather scek the protectorate of Great Britain, than annexation to the United States. . The system of government devised by the Mis- sionaries is eminently cumbrous and expensive, as well as anti-republican, and considered with re- ference to the area and population of the islands themselves, it is absurd, monstrous even. An empire, represented on the map of the world by dots, is scarcely one to require a governmental machinery, which France finds it hard to bear. And of tho small area of these islands, how small a portion is of arable or inhabitablo land. ‘These islands, in fact, secm rather bases for stupendous mountains than anything else. The mountains are voleanoes besides, and in process of time have made barren and desolate the country around. ‘the tillablo lands ofthe Hawa » kingdom are circumscribed indeed. It is questionable whether its population exceeds eighty thousand—it may reach ninety thousand. It really does not lie upon the surface how so little land and so few people can require, besides a king, Ministers of Foreign Affairs, of the Interior, of Public Instruction, and the Lord knows what be- sidce—all copied from the despotisms of the Old World, where such functionaries are understood to be useful, chiefly, to browbeat or to deceive trangers, and to obstruct the diffusion of knowledge among the people. . Of couse such a system can no more be sup- ported without expense in Hawaii than elsewhere— eas the exactions of all sorts from foreigners as well as natives. One can get out of Vienna with cea trouble than out of Honolulu—passports are ne- cessary in both cases, but ene in Vienna is not bound to go to the government printer, and pay him to print notices thut the party meditates leaving the | country. ‘The whole’ matter would appear better if, after | having compelled the people to tolerate this swarm of officials, the most de lotted to any but the con’ mis or his nominee, is in every place worth having; and it would really seem the people had * hewers of wood and drawers of water” to such as have, indeed, put down the worship of Futtee-duddee. and, perhaps, weakened the public ee for dog. The missionary society, as such, is not responsi- ble for this state of things. Its constitution and by-laws are understood to forbid its agents to med- die with the civil affairs of the people to whom they are sent; and it is believed the gentlemen who have ebundoned the altar for the cabinot, at the same time diseolved their connection with the society. ‘The power and influence of that body is used to ac- quire the staivs necessary for other purposes, and (hon discarded, The moderate stipend allowed by the board to its sionaries is, in most instances, quoted as the se of the change in pursuits by the latter. Sala- ain unchanged, while th milies increase. ‘There is certainly force in the claims of women and children to a support, under the circumstances; but there is a question whether it might not be am im- proventicst upon the system of the board, to for- vear altogether the employment of fathers aa mis- sionaries. It isnot suggested that steps be taken in respect of such as have already achieved that re- lation, hut that, in time to come, the board may prove low much Jess earthly servitors they aro whose bride isthe church. Except sin, nothing has so encumbered the Protestant Church as the wives and children of its ministry; and if the Catholic Church is again pressing it hard, it is because so little is diverted from church atone for the sup- port of its priesthood. The whole matter is illus- trated in your own diocese. When tho writer lived there, Bishop Onderdonk received, for the ‘ imposi- tion of hands,” some seven thousand dollars per annum, and oven then some cried, ‘‘ hands off; at the same time, Bishop Hughes, with a flock ten times as numerous, found a thousand dollars ‘enough, and to spare.” The sum of this present matter seems to he, the missionaries have taught the islanders well in mg- but badly in politics. the remedy lies, then, not with the missionaries, probably do not think any such thing. It is able posts had been al- civers ofthem. An ex- T who very generally believed here, the Hawaiian govern- ment has offered its territory to the United States, and the wonder grows why it is not accepted. In that way the political errors of the missionories can be rectified. Besides, what is now offered will, if rejected, be taken horeadler, “in spite of all lamen- tations.” Waorry-Jigxy-Jungg, Our Canadian Correspondence. Toronto, March 16, 1852. The Effect in Canada of the Change in the English Ministry—The Halifax and Quebec Railroad— Navigation of the St. Lawrence—Now Line of Ocean Steamers, &c. The recent change of government in England is an event replete with importance to Her Majesty’s Canadian subjects. which Earl Derby will pursue towards this Province, ie already on tip-too, and the conservative party prognosticate “ times of refreshing from the Lord.” The reform press and the party will prepare them- Speculation upon the policy excited priplctons anew, and on Thursday last the | Selves for tho contest, and the representatives of grave of Mr. H. was opened and his remains ex- | the people will adopt a bold and decisive eourse. It amined by Drs. Berkey and Kimmel. The stomach | is thought that Lord Elgin will not be immediately was found entire and in a Rood state of presorva- | reealled ; but if the clections result in favor of the tion. It has been sent on to Philadelphia for a che- | Derby administration thero is hardly a doubt of his micel analysis. A jury of inquest was summoned | removal. With his recall we may date the com- by Charles Hoffly, Esq., before whom a number of # witnesses were examined. The verdict of tl Hoaord came to his death by Toad ministered by some mM or persons unknown. The persons poring in this matter of course suspect and will lodge oration inst the suspected person or persons. Wo will keep our reader ad- Visod of the dovolopemont of this mystorious affair. of the country, for he is the onl that has faivbfelly ‘dmainistered the principles of Pp. mencement of dissatisfaction a liboralparty | east; thermometer 38. itish Governor nsible government. The uestion in Cabndion politics is * Religious Brqua ity.” The | Thermometer 41 yo administration was installed with the exola- sive ol A diroct ivsng at all our regent elections in Upper t of effecting this prinoiplo—it was tho toryism the publio our statute, and try—but it is yy will fulfil der these ciro to repeal an act a) ting one-seventh of tho lands in this Provines fae the wormoct of a Protes- tant clergy. The question arises here, what course will the Canadians adopt to relieve themselves? It is impossible to answer this definitely ; but beyond a doubt, disaffection would be increased throughout the whole country, and tho desire for annexation become almost universal. The loyalty of Canadians differs widely from the loyalty of those who are in immediate proximity to regal influence. While on the ono hand they are not disposed to cavil at the name of our Executive authority, on the other they reeognise justice, impartial justice, as more than sovereign rule. They have imbibed a little of the independance of their elder brother—the Ame- rican confederacy—and have learned that tho peo- ple’s Sipe when they come in collision with the personal opinions of monarchs, have that supromac of right over them which belongs to # nation’s will in opposition to a mere individual. The Inspector General of Canada has loft for Eng- land, with a viow, it is supposed, of effecting a loan to construct the Halifax and Quebec railroad, and also to urge upon the home government the necessity of immediately repealing the imperial statute having reference to the disposition of tho public lands for the benofit of the High Church clergy. Mr. Hincks isan able financior, and will probably succeed. The advantages of this line of railway, however, aro very much questioned by the people of Upper Canada, as its construction’ will deeply involve the province. It is true it will afford an outlet to the ocean at all seasons of the year, and in this respect give Canada the advantages of Now York, Boston and Philadelphia; but they have not the trade and commerce which seck a high way to the Atlantic, that is created by the Western States of the Union. It ia conterzplated by the government to establish a line of ocean steamers to ply between Montreal, Halifax and Liverpool—theso steamers to Tun once a fortnight while the St. Lawrence is o and once a month during the winter from Portland or Halifax. The following is tho opinion of the Quebec Chronicle on the advantages of the schome: “Jt will surely result. in making the St. Lawrence tho highway to the Mar West; it will restoro stylish- ness and prosperity to Montreal; it will tend to the great bencfit of Quebec; it will make the Richmond railway doubly valuable; and it will put the provin- cial seaports on an earaliey with, and in point of distance give them the advantnge over Portland, Boston, New York, and Philadelphia.” The amount of aid to be granted for this purpose will not be as- certained until Parliament meets; but in the mean- time the Commissioner of Public Works has adver- tised for tenders. It is generally believed that the government in- tend to throw open thi nals and the St. Lawrence to foreign vessels. It is very evident that closing them against the Americans will not secure recipro- city for Canada, and this has been the only feasible argument used cee their being opened. It is thought that the New York canal and Richmond interest is promoted by closing them, and that they oppose reciprocity, because it_ would have the effect of throwing them open. They seem to think, thorefore, that the chances of reciprocity would be enhanced by adopting this course. Tho stant, and the govornment have ordered it to be lighted up with gas, to enable vessels to go through by night as well as by day. This is a great im- provement, ard will givo universal satisfaction to shipowners and all persons interested in the trade. It is rumored that the Minister of Agriculture i tends to employ special agents to go to England, Treland, and Scotland, for t apes of giving in- formation, by lectures and otherwise, in regard to Canada, and its resources and advantages to the industrious omigrant and the small manufacturers. Tho better class of emigrants may, by these means, be induced to settle in Canada in preference to tho States, moro especially if the government determine to reduce the price of all their wild lands to one eae an acre, which, it is said, they contemplate joing. The Canadian railway enterprise is regularly on foot, and there are several lines which will soon be in actual operation, as well as many others which aro being projected. The groat Western Railroad will in all robability be the first line of road finished. 0 entire American travel from the West to Buffalo, came through by atages on this route. The population of Toronto is now 31,000, being an additional increase of 6,000 during the last throe years. Tho census has been taken throughout the whole province casing this year, but the returns haye not yet been mado. The commercial men of this aiey and throughout the province generally, have suffered ne: fiom the depression in the money market. J. 'T’. Mathews, a person apparently in easy cireum- stances, and always considered honeat, from his great religious professions, has committed forgeries to theamount of £10,000, and absconded. Ho Corer fol- through Detroit a few days ago, and is boin, lowed up by our chicf magistrate. Several fail have taken place, but none of very heavy liabi tics. The steamers are preparing for their reapective routes, while some of them have already commenced their i ae trips. The Admiral, for Rochester, leaves here to-morrow morning. There will be a daily line between these places during the summer. Nem. Con. Literary Reviews. Harren’s New Montuty Magazine. April, 1852. Harpers, New York.—The contents of the present number of this popular periodical are varied and interesting, and adapted to the tastes of all classes of refined readers. Among the contributions of prominent interest, we notice “Rodolphus,” a Franconia story; “Paradise Lost;” ‘Impressions of England,” by Miss Bremer; ‘The Artist's Sacri- fice,” and Dickens’s ‘Bleak House.” The literary reviews and miscellaneous matter are elaborately prepared. Such a volume of refined and appropriate literature must afford the means of great improve- ment and enlightenment, of which we hope the ma- Jority of the community will avail themselves. Tne Lavirs’ Rerository. Cincinnati: Sworm- stadt & Pow April, 1852. This is one of the lightand amusing magazines of this class. Its mat- ter appears to be well selected and arranged. AIMS AND OnsTACLRS: a Romance. By G. P. R. James. New York: Harpers, 1852.—In the year 1836 was published by Carey & Hart, Philadelphia, a novel, entitled “My Aunt Pontypool.” The au- thor suppressed his name, and the work sank into oblivion. Our readers will judge our surprise when we found that Mr. James's ‘‘ Aims and Obstacles” is nothing more nor lees than the old novel, ‘My Aunt Pontypool,” reprinted in a pamphlet form, and embellished by having his name on the covers, as “the author.” ‘We wait for an explanation, be- fore offering further comment. _ Harmony or Interests. By Henry C. Carey. New York: Finch, 1852.—To the political econo- mist and politician this work will afford much in- terest. The Emigrants in Ca: Street. 10 THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. J have read with care your editorial on the Com- missioners Med age in to-day’s paper. Now, there is much in the business which needs amend- ing. I had an opder from a Southern friend to { send three iaea ig him I went to th Exchange,” as Pon ie Canal sur my ‘surprise, instead of finding paupers, I found tturdy, independant fellows, py fe om refused to go South or elsewhere, even though I offered them $85 a year, their board, washing, &c. This for men who don’t know their left from their right foot, is good wages. No, they preferred to stay in the boarding house in Canal street, for as such they re- gard. Now, such fellows, strong, well, and saucy, ought to be pitched out neck and crop to make way for sickly men and women and children, and save the city expense. Lycvrovs. Meteorological Observa RY MORSE’# MAGNETIC LINR, OF! On AND BRoA’ lons. F WALL STREET Monpar, March 20, 1862. Borrato, 9 A. M.—It is cloudy and smoky this morn- ing. Barometer 29.46. Thermometer 48, Wind east. P. M.—Barometer 29.60; thermometer 34; wind north- east. It is cloudy and mild. Rocnesten, 9 A. M.—It is a dark, cloudy, and unplesa- ant morning. Wind east. Thermometer 8 P. M.—It is a dark, cloudy, and unpleasant evening. Wind northeast, Thermomet . Avnunn, 9 A. M.—It was raining this morning at eight o'clock, but now it is cloudy. Thermometer 40. . M.—Itis a warm, cloudy evening, and looks like rain. Thermometer 36, Wind cast. Syracuse, 9 A. M.—It is a dark, upleasant morning, with some rain andsnow. Wind east. Thermometer 40. P. M.—It iea cloudy evening, and wind north east, ‘Thermometer 22, We have indications of a storm. Urica, 9 A.M.—It is a cold. stormy, unpleasant morn- . Wind east. Thermometer 34, vee M.—It in a cloudy evening. but pleasant. Wind Atnanv, 9A. M.—It is cloudy, Wind west, moter 37.” Barometer 30.150 Mercury os” "SOMO § P. M.—Barometer 30.0; mercury in barometer 70; It is cloudy. Wind south, Taor, 8 P.M.—It hasbeen a mild, spring-like day; it Ls Led cloudy and very mild. Wind south, Thermomo- oc Welland Canal is to be opened on the 20th in- | le Desconded from the most di: family whose name ho bore, he possessed many of te Sealines which we should expeot to find in se illustrious a family. He had filled the place of Senator from Sonora, Secretary of War, Diree- tor of the Military College. Ho had served in the army of his country, and during the late war was in command at Chihuahua, at the time of Col. Doniphan’s march through that State. Ag an engineer, he held a high rank, and filled the place of Commissioner under the Sth Art. of the treaty of Guadaloupe Hi » from the first appointment of that commission in 1619. In the death of this (Cgpetred the Boundary Commission has met with a severo loss; for it was in groat degreo owing to hia high honor and idea of justice that the utmost harmony has ever prevailed in the joint commission. His aim was to carry out faithfully tho stipulations of that portion of the treaty which was confided to him, and he performed this duty, whatever the result might be, whethor favorable or unfavorable to the government. Great difficulties, it is well knowa, presented themselves in determining tho initial point on the Pacific; others occurred at tho june- tion of the Gila and Colorado rivera ;° aad again in the determination of the line betwoen the Rio Grande and Gila—the latter, porhaps, the most difficult, owing to the errors of the map which waa to govern the decision of tho commissioners. But after Reamer deliberations at Kl Paso, during the winter of 1850-51, the obstacles which prosented themselves to the commission were happily overcome by a mutual spirit of conciliation, and a dividing line agreed upon, which, as far ag wo can loarn, is quite acceptable to both nations. The last moeting of the joint commission took place at the town of Santa Cruz, in Septembor last, when the whole plan of operations for the survey of the Gila and Rio Grande was agreed upon, ao that no delay need take plage in consequence of tho doath of General Conde. Ex-Governor Jeremiah Morrow, of Ohio, diod at his farm on the Little Miami, Warron county, Obio. The Cleveland Herald says:--Gov. Morrow was a member of the convention to form the first constitu- tion in 1802. Ho became our first. representative ia Congress in 1803; he was senator from 1813 to 1819; governor from 1822 to 1826; canal commissioner subsequently; in Congross again about 1810-'42, and President of the Littlo Miami Railroad company till 1847. In Congress he was chairman of the Commit- tee on Public Lands, and amember of the Commit- tee on Claims. In all the public trusts committed to him, he was distinguished for two pe quali- ties, which have been rare among the race o! publia men, who think that merit depends on profassions--- we mean strict integrity and strong good sense. No man ever knew him to swerve from the very line o€ fidelity and ty aes No man evor know him to substitute the fictions of fancy for the dictates of | reason and intelligence. He was no orator, and like Moses was slow of speoch, and like him too he could bo relied upon for all that ho said. Ho waa exactly unlike many ofthe frothy domagogues who now figure on the publio stage. They place their merit in pro- fession. He placed his in action. It has boon one” of the peculier advantages of Ohio, that she had gome such men as Morrow to lay the foundations of the State. They havo laid them on the rock of intogri- ty, iptelligence and faith. The winda cannot shake the solid fabric they have orected; and its prosperity, character and strength are the monumonts by which the memory of Morrow and his compeers will, we on tho 20th trust, be long perpetuated. Lewis Lyman, Esq., died at ae + The doceased was » of whioh town hiz inst., in the 80th year of hi a native of Northampton, M: ancestor was ono of the original proprictors. In 1802 the deceased established @ commercial house in Montreal, Canada, and was the first Amoricaa merchant who took an eminent stand there. Ia 1816 he retiredfrom commorcial life, and removed to Troy, where he occupied for many years a high position as a merchant and citizen. Hon. James Burt, aged 90 years and 7 months, died on the 17th inst., at his residence in Watervliot. For a period of twenty-seven years, with few inter- missions, the deceased was a representativo in the Assembly and Senate of this State, and up to the close of his legislative labors im the autumn of 1827, enjoyed the confidence of his constituency. Purser Lewis Ashmun, of the United States sloop- of-war Decatur, died on tho 2d inst, while that vos- sel was lying at San Juan de Nicaragua. He was buried on the 3d, in the burial-ground of that city, with military honors. Pursor Ashmun was brother of Hon. George Ashmun, of Springfield, Massachu- setts. Deceased was for many yoars connected with the India trade as supercargo, from Boston. Samuel Preston, editor of the Huron (Ohio) Re- flector, in descending his office stairs, on the evon- ing of the 3d March, fell and fractured his skull, so that he died next morning. He was in his 74th yoar and worked at the business to the time of the acci- dent. He learned the trade in the Boston Palladé- um office, Poa the Furmer’s Cabinet, at Keene, N. H., which ho left in 1801, went to Ohio in 1819, and in.183) became sonior editor of the Re- Hector. He was much respected, and during his life time filled a number of responsible offices. earn general Lacy, R. A., died on tho 9th o” March, at his official ‘residence, Woolwich. Ho was Director General of Artillery. Richard John James Lacy entered the Royal Artillery as Second Lieu- tenant on August 8, 1796; was promoted to First Lieutenant on March 17, 1798; Captain, July 20, 1804; Brovet Major, June 4, 1814; Lieutenant Col nel, Dec. 31, 1827; Colonel, May 4, 1810; and Major General, Nov. 9, 1846. On ‘the Ist of January, 1849, he was appointed Director General of Artillery, having prerignsly been Inspector of the Royal C riage Department. On July 8, 1851, ho was ap- pointed Colonel Commandant of the 6th Battalion, and was to have vacated, in consequence, his office as Director General of Artillory at the beginning of the financial year, in April next. By the death of Major General Lacy a vacancy takes place in the command of the 6th Battalion, Major General Kredevick Campbell being next in seniority for Colonel Commandant. Lady Jane Dalrymple Hamilton dicd at Paris on the 7th March. She was the eldest daughter of tha celebrated Admiral Lord Duncan, and sister of the Earl of Camperdown. In her youth she was reck- oned one of the most boautiful women of the day, and attraoted much admiration on that remarirablo oceasion, when, hanging on the veteran arm of hee stately and gallant futher, she appeared in the royal procession which went to St. I's after the battle of Camperdown to give thanks for the great naval victories. She afterwards married Sir Hew Dalrymple Hamilton, of Bargeny and North Ber- wick, in Scotland. Thoir only child, and the hoiress of the great Bargeny estates, was married to the Duke de Coigny, and their eldest daughter and hoiress is married to Mr. Dalrymple, the Lord-Liou- tenant of Wigtonshire,and heir presumptive to the Earl of Stair, who also married the sister of Lady Jane Dalrymple Haailton, Sir John Cunningham Fairlie. ied at his seat, Fairlie Houso, 8th February, in his 73d year. ir William, tho fifth baronot, Robert Colquhoun, Esq E Bart., of Fairlie, Ayrshire, en tho He was tho son of » by the daughter of +, of the Island of St. Chria- topher’s. He married, in 1908, daughter of John 1 ae Esq.» Renfrewshire, suegeoded his brothor in 1887, and is succeeded in his title Sv his brothor Oharles. (now Sir Charlog Fairlie,) who is in the East India Company’s service. Sir Harcourt Lees died March 7, at Blackrocte Houso, county of Dublin, aged 75 years. He is succeeded in his title and estates by his oldest son, John Lees, ban who married the daughter of Genoral Sir James Caldwell, K. C. B., of Beachlands, Islo of Wight. Lady Ross Carbery died at Castle Freke, Feb. ged. Deceased was the third daughter of Act thur Saunders, second Lord of Arran, ‘ty tho Hon. Catherine Annesley, daughter of William, Visconnt Glenawley, and married, in January, 1783, John, sixth Lord Carbery. By her ladyship's death, con- sidorable estates in the counties of Work and Lim- erick, in which sho held a life interest, dovolve upon the present Lord Carbery. Cardinal Cwstruccio Cash: H i- nelli, Bishop of Palestrina, died on 234" inti Count A. Cziraky, f ly minis died a few days age. eb Preebarg. a nil Laren prom St. Dominao.—We have received from Domingo, our files of El Eico del Ozama, of the 221 cit,” weleetan pad SD the 16th ultimo. Groat sain Aad for celebration of the national It appears that thé commercial affairs Fel ' Puerto Plata with full cargoes of chandise, ieee iene The importations for one meroantile house ‘amounted to $300,000, and two others to $100,000. ae Paid to the custom house wore tho Dilloes Wr Geneeal Libertador is getting bettor, and it that hie fall will not seriously atfect tie’ on rotura tothe capita ly t his health. He wilt ego" ‘Waa occupied in establishing a | Packets froen that port ose Thomas The Seba nee schooaere destined for tho ul : service are the Buona Ventera and