The New York Herald Newspaper, March 16, 1852, Page 6

AFPAIRS IN THE CITY. Rev. Lectare on Turkey and Greece=By Dr, Baird. ‘The eighth and lost of a course of historical lec- Dares was, last Thorslay night, March 11, delivered tt the Female Acad my, Brooklyn, by the Rey. Dr. Baird. The subjer’ was Turkey and Greece. The Byesker commences by giving a general description @f these countries. Both together, he said, were hardly as large as Spain and Portugal, and were very different in character. Greece, which embraced bout 10,000 square miles, is very mountainons, and, Sucluding the islands, contains a population of about @ve willion of inhabitants. The climate, like Spain and italy, is very such affected by the mountains and the waters whicissurround it; and it was owing to ddeir many excellent harbors that the Greeks became & maritime people. Turkey in Europe presents a snore diversified surface. It contains a popu. dation of about 10,000,000, as near as can be pecertained, about one half of whom are Turks, the vemainder Greeks, Armenians. and Jews. The whole Tarkish empire is supposed to contain 36,000,000 inhabitants. Of the Grecks, there at least, 7,000,000 or 8,000,000, while Greece itself contains e@xly about 1,000,000, including the twelve islands constituting the lovian republic, which is, at present, in the posse i These islands have their own > and make their own laws, while England provides them with a governor. ae fortress of Corfu, ted on one of them, commands the centre of the Adriatic; avd were England to get a war with Ausiria (an event which the lecturer thought might take place), xnnihilate the of that month. The Greeks are very anxious to regain these islands, Dut itis not probable that the British will ever let hem slip out of th wssession. ‘The leeturer then eutered into a general history of those countri ‘The Turks, he said, had not improved one particle which is site into they _ could ommerce nation in one since they came to Europe; their roads are detesta- Ile, and there is not a line of stages, or means of public conveyance, in the country. ‘There are some steamboats, but they belong either to France, England, or A In € there are three vouds that are tolerably good, while the others are on so equality with those of Turkey ther country can boast of any hotels worthy of the name, at least there were none in 1846, when the lecturer was adhere. Ifa person wishes to travel in these countries he must get a horse for himeclf, one for his attend- ani, and another for his servant, and another still to carry all th ut for cooking, and other articles pensableto comfort. The places of entertainment are called ¢ If, on ox- smining the apartments chosen fora night's lodging, a should he found to be infested with certain in- sects ef a suspicious nature, the servant will put you int bag and lay you on the floor-—which is usually of stoue—and “being thus ense @ance of a tolerable night's repose. one would be satisfied with travelling in y. by swing from Constantineple to Adrianople—although ahe speaker could not ne limitting that this was ‘no very flattering description of these classical lands. Who the first inhabitants of Greece were, or what part of Asia they came from, is not known. They saust have settled there after the deluge, about 1,600 years before our Saviour. They became a mari- time pation at a very carly period, and entered durgely into commerce. In ‘the course of time, a great many little kingdoms grew up—some impor- gant man, settling in the valleys of Gr became « chieftain, and his children princes. nally, at ihe expedition of Troy, 1.300 years hetore the Chris- jinn cra, these kingdoms were destroyed, and re- publics arose in their stead—some ten or twelve of them—two of which only grew to any importance. The republic of Attica, the capital of which was Athens, became very promin in its best days it contained a population half a million, and Athens about 120,000. This republic had exerted w greater influence over the destinies of mankind than any other country. Sparta became more yowerful in military affairs than Attica, The Spar- daus were anation of soldiers, while the people of Aitica devoted themselves to ve. Untor- tunately, however, in their w ‘ined exch olber, and, with themselves, The Athe- nians planted colonies, not only in Italy, but in Asia Minor, all along the shores of the Dardanelles. Constantinople was originally a (reek colony. 1t is wonderful, observed the lecturer, to see how abe arts flourished in Greee The world has never weea such fine architecture Sparta produced- such sculpture and such paintings; and, as to music, certainly excelled. They had great orator: and, for a period of twent, nturies, the inerature of Greece far surpassed that of the Ro- Their language is the w: t that the world has ever se As to the T 'y arose in (ndependent Tartary, in the sixth century, and two eouturies subsequently embraced the Mahomedan religion. Ata later period a portion ef these people pot into Asia Minor, and established an empire, WV ucir first Sultan was named Oltman, who governed fre 1300 to 1326, when he died, and w ded by his son Orcan. Ky that time th ve fo powerful that they extended their horders to the Oardanells, In the reign of the fourth Sultan, Solomon the Magnificent, they entered Europe. ded by Amurat, and he in turn by who, in his wars with the Chri diaus exercised great cruelty, The only Chi 0 ov that had the courage to oppose the Turks i who struggled bravely, but ans. Bb they lost their independence. ‘Che Sultans numbered thirty-two in all; bat neither Con conquered in 1433.) n antinople, (which we the empire, had improved much uy istration, although s of th were menof gr lent. ‘The city is built #lmost entire houses, and presents a most h mw a distance. It is, however, « most detests when you get into it. “The str FY ked, dark, and filthy, and the mo ye the highest order Among the most prominent objects of interest laces of the Sultan and Mosque of St. Sophia. ropeans (or called) live nstantinople. They reside P- posite side. The Emperor Nichols ] built a palace in thir city tor his embassador, whi Ps en the their country under his own paternal care. They then ves feel Chat: thedays of their gl dd, and the wealthy ‘Turks, anticipating the absorption of their country at no distant 7 make provision that when rleath closes their earthly « their remain? may be carried back to Asia, the «i of their ancestors. ‘The present Sultan i years of age, tall and slen- dey, and stoops a good deal. Hiscomplexion is dark, and cyes black. His dress, with the exception of the fez, (a covering for the head,) is after the Euro- yea pattern, and consists of blue cloth surtout, buttoned to the neck, blue pantaloons, boots and Fp He also wears 9 sword. The old Turks, however, stick to the turban and bag pan' "The work of Europeanizing Turkey + but whether the t too late a day to seve them from ulti- ‘onal ruin remains to be seen. Greece had feen governed hy Turkey for four centuries, but 2 fer astruggle of seven yearé—commencing in 1821 y for taking ueceeded. with t tid of the English and in throwing off the yoke of their oppr 3. renow governed by King Otho, a Bavarian. was another revolution in 1843, when they granted a constitution. Since then the coun- ry has advanced rapidly mand agri ure. Tt is impossible toh se people with- at toking an interest in them. They may gno- wnt, but are not near so bigoted as the Catholies. be lecturer referred to the m aries, through hose © less exertions pearly 400 schools had cen established throughout the country. He had ever seen children 0 anxious to learn---they were ke their ancestors, fond of knowledge. They wanted to know more. and they would know more He bad no doubt the Greeks would rise up to growt- nees, in the future; but what was to become of the Turks the speaker did not pretend to know. In conclusion, the lecturer thanked the audience for their attendance through the course, and announced dLnt_this lecture ended the series. Tolk and about Wall Street, We have an eld friend in Wall street, who has own it, lived in it, been rich and poor in it, made qooney and lost money in it, for about half @ cen of bis life. He d sina other colorsio hat, cravat, &e., to match. Hix ward- robe for yeurs looke nc ne like ihe wearer, sinnds np remarkably well agaiust the work of time. Hf it was not for a large, fue head of tery fine white hair, we uld deem puch younger. He knows all who Lave flourished in Wall street, from the days of Burr, Hawilten, and —in politics, finance and Jiteraiure—to th vent fime. He has not only fought many financial ty tlee, amidst many defeats and trivmple, but he witnessed the deatb slraggles waged between tending forces around him. How he has come out of the fight—wheiber rich or poor—we do nol know; neither do we know thet be bas any abode beyond Wall! strect. Like a great many habitans of t nircet, ho apponre with the opening of buskness, about how or hall-past in the morning, and again disappeart i not a Wee lee of as Second Board od Woe ol new others Stock Rachongy about half-past three in the after. noon. Whi e and go to, or come from, or how they live when absont, one can no more tell than we can tell where swallows martins whence they come, and how they exist when ni from these latitudes. Nor do people who do busi- ness in Wall street care whether a man lives in the Moon or comes from the bowels of the earth, or oats snails for breakfast, or fails to est at all, so that his note is always duly honored and paid up, intorest and all, (be the latter a shave of greater or loas amount) with never failing punctuality, before the clock hammer of Trinity Church strikes the ominous hour of 3 P. M. We neither know our friend's age, parentage, birth, business, property, or any eee matter ap- riaining to him. Yet we talk together daily. ‘¢ often find him standing alone, at a corner, cool, quiet and contemplative, when clerks and others are seen running to and fro, ina great hurry, with small books and Wits of paper in their hands, giving. o« sional glauces at the dial face of Trinity Church clock. As our friend is never busy, never excited, never in a hurry, and always ready to converse, we gene- rally draw his opinion regarding any new develope- ment of affairs. When occasionally we have mot him in the nook of a broker's office, he has spun Wall street yarns for us, many of which have deoply interested us. Some of these we shall, hereafter, take occasion to give to the public. As our posted and experienced friend in seme period of his lite held a@ subordinate judicial appointment, somewhat on a par with that of *‘a Justice of the Peace and qno- rum,” we shall take the liberty of culling him “Judge.” We yesterday met the Judge at the corner of Wall and William streets, ani looking up at the Merchants’s Hxchange, remarked that its splendid granite columns in front gave it au imposing ap- pearance. “Poor property,” replied the Judg of that building was a great mistake. more as A monument of the credit sy which exploded with its completion, than asa great work of utility, Tt was planned, contracted for, and ilt by a scale of prices fixed by the inflation of The explosion overtook it, and a mortgago on it in favor of ign capitalists became necessary in the erection Tt stands em of 1836, order to obtain money to pay off debts contracted in buildi It cost near two millions, The mortgz, is unpaid, and unless some com- rromise can be effected between the foreign bond- holders and the American stockholders, it’ must be sold under the hamm The Hon. JamesG. King, a member of Congress from the Bergen Jistgict in New Jersey, is the agent ofthe bondh Mr. Pearson is in it as a sort of rent i manager of the building. Some of the sto dors have rumbled at the amount of rent reevived, about 75,000 per yeur, but they are mistaken. Pearson t ail the building ean be made to bring The offices are not desirable. They are considere: too dark and damp, caused by the immense thick- ness of the walls. The conveniences of the whole luilding was sacrificed for the sake of the front, and forthe rotunda. A better and more profitable edi- five could uow be erected for halt the mone: I could never understand why the heavy orders of irecian architecture, used for temples, should be ewployed in modern times for houses of every day business. Each column iw front of the cost from $4,000 to $ 008, What use are they? They eee amass of stone Move them, and consume a deal of valuable room, and for what? Merely to be looked at. If ever another Exchange is built, itshould he composed of iron and glass, which would be much fire proof and durable, and cheaper, equally fire vast deal Jess money than if made of the Grecian fashion of granite or marble. It would give more light, more room, and in every respect he bet- ter adapted to business purposes. The best thing for the stockholders to do would he to sell it out to the United States government for a mint or a custom house, and unite with the merchants in building another change all ef iren and glass, ‘The public buildings of the city are all too small f present and increasing tion. The Custom House and Post Office are 1. The City Hall has ceased to be central, rger building would suit the corporation much better.” said we, “will the E replied the Judg vertised on several oeeasi bat the sale was red. 1 understand that the new Board of Trus- have proposed to the foreign bond holders to give new bonds their claims, payable twenty years hence, and to hear interest at the rate of six per cent per ann. terms will he a 5 ix so low in Eng To secure the int rents, &e., are to be pledged for the s the bond holders accede to. the proposition ? will depend upon circumstances. Ifthe building sold, it will likely be purchased by Mr. King for them, and probably on terms that may afford them a ketter inte) than that afforded by the bonds. Ii is # matter of regret that the only place for bold- ing an exchange our merchants is under the thumbs of foreign ? p ad- The trustees suppose their as the interest of money City Intelligenc Yous Voustexn Gov) of the New York Voluntee ompanying the tune ther private of the same r¢ with this. we give the following bi nt —In the a splendid regiment, numb put 500 able bodied yonng men, wax orga- nized in this city under the command of ( Y anbers of this corps were a with but « short and zation, led at once into activ ; important part the Ist New York took in the magnificent eampai known: how, utler nearly three years incessant service ot the most erduouand difteult Kind, fighting always in whelming ots, they <tc our State. entra very capital of the enemy. ‘The mere limb was utterly seorned. and their ally thinned rauks to this day tell a tale that history loves to silent pass byw the blaze of glory that th dends have wou, Our attention has been calied to thie fact hy the alarming i hs am the members : ompany is and t of Volunteers ico is well it< captain, Chomdle ne Of en utenants Carter med in thie city, ha deceased as dames MeNorton took place priv lowed hy the few p y these number mere, we last. the funeral of esterday that of James r office. fol- pany soldiers tht b ex to their for d. are lying almost at the their last mo isefa home and necessary attend: owing to the re of the Le their use. during the late poiut of death. aud deprived i com teason, This worthy of remark, that du months, While the donation made by th to them, lst mone death took y or their country thi themselves. end it is incum pert them. ‘he py rent is drawing too ¢ becomes necessary, Searcely now to be found effects of chre winikh even th Tt was inser suffering up State te wove plement v these “gallant men, and t ‘ ing those “whe «0 nobly sud tained their national honor on foreign battle fields Fuirxpiy Soxs or #4, Patnicr.—The members of this old establie iety will brate the ann Ircland’s patron. by « dinner, at F 8 600 Broadway. to-morrow, the 17Uh inst he furnished hy Mr. John Keefe will be Young Friends of Lreland « Apollo Rooms Gastmuxa Hovey Baoxes Ur—On Sunday afternoon ot Chih. and ve PM. Th te te day at the the magistrate being informed by several citizens that of individuals were gambling in the basement of N Muiberry street. in violation of the new gambling low, dispatched officers Elder, Crosett luke, for the purpose of arresting the pu eutered the house, and with (he cers from t of the gamt hearing. The 3. Leouce. H Grifith, Lewis Mass, M. Lute, J Hosbfelt. J. Lazerus, L, Lyons, aod Morri« J gembling implements, comsisting Of Usree pac 5 Were ule seized, y committed to pri iv names as J. Phillips, M, Jacobs. Post, J hosky Avcipyst. Yesterday morning, about § o'clock. « little boy. about five y was Tun oFer by & Broome street and had his leg brol Shorpe called iminedintely for medi the little eusferer wae sent home to his pa Rrscvrn prom Drowsixe.—On Sunday. Thomas Lott an Engiih sailor, while under the elfects of liquor, fell off the dock, ut the foot of Harrivm street, He was, however, roseued from drowning by officer J him to the Fifth werd station bowse perly attended t« Hires ny & Dod.-On Saturday afiernoon, a poor wo. man, named Marguret Barter, residing at No, 28 Cross Jams, who conveyed where be was pro- street, called at Gunter’s Hotel No. 147 Fulton street, for wwe of begaine scane cold vituals, wl ‘ the p wate wz jumped at her with her by the’ face, bit one of ber eh After some difficulty phe dog was conveyed to the City Hospital, Avremer ro Cowrt Serer —On Solardoy toon! female named Margaret MeCaferly, was found lying apor B and Bighth b & large selty ond Keiy! ke entirely Uough ured, and (he Woman the pavement, st the corner of avenue sireet, laboring under the effects of an a pun, which «he had taken tor the purpow of destt th ward dd from whe wae taken to the Ble Mant. House, where medical ald wae procur she was removed to the horpital xrsory Bunsen. On Thureday afternoon, # young herself, She wortan, named Mary Simpron. eighteen years of burned in the most dreadful manuer.” Tt while engaged in the third story of No, 25 Cortia he had «pilt come ofl on ber clothes, and after having en- vored lo extract ft with camp! ye turned te the her clothes. whieh instantly ee could be procured, she al ald was immediately sent for, as Were nso the serviers of the hospital physicions re of opinion that she cannot recover, and will probably die in the course of the night Fine On Sunday evening. nbow! half past ¢ wr the purpore Af drying cought fire, and bef war shockingly burnt Jit. # fire cccurred im the b Mt of house Ne. Lib Water street meh dining saloon, It wn soon extin- rita Our State ean | \ Dawien Oceman, Bag. : Dear id medal re- cently preaented by the citizens of New York, the and political friends of tae to that dis- ting uiched statesman, was by him entrusted. on Friday last. (12th inst.,) at Washington, to the care of Miss Ly1 ch. of New York, to be delivered to you. Misa Lynch and her mother, with my family, left Washington on that day to returnto New York, under my protection. At my instance and persuasion, the |. for greater entety, was placed in my carpet bag. which contained my writing case. and other valuables; and this bag was kept by me personally in the cars, and carried in wy own hands at the various changes and stopping places on the ro until our arrival in New York, on Saturday, at two o'clock P M., whan it was placed on the hack ich was to convey we to our residences, I saw it put on the dri- ver's seat by Mr. Vreeland. the baggage master, and pro- pristor of the back, hy the side of the driver. and it was in that sitaation, as we believe, when the carriage left the foot of Cortlandt street, (Mr. Vreeland himself being present and directing.)’ On sPriving at No. 45 Nint street —the reaidence of Miss Lynch—the bag was missing, and the driver could give no account of it, Every step was immediately taken to recover it that suggested itself tomy mind, aud no pains will be spared in prosecuting the search ‘the committee can easily imagine the watchful care and solicitude which all my party felt. in common with myself, to convey in eafety this beautiful medal. and the conflict of feelings at its sudden disappearance and pos- sible lose, Tindulge a hope that it will be recovered, Tecan hardly conceive in American, or man. into Whose hands such a tweasure ‘ht fail, who would not count it his highest privilege and honor to return it to its owner, While I cannot reproach myself with any want of care— nor do J helieve any person, with a knowledge of all the tacts, would do so—still, the charge, direction, and re- sponsibility of my party rested. of course, upon me, Under these circumstances, itis proper that [ should communicate the facts to you. as the organ of the com- mittoe, with the expression of my deep regret for the oc- currence, and to request that a perfect duplicate of tho medal may at once be prepared at my cost, 03 soon as possible after the loss is finally asceetained, and tranamit- ted to the distinguished statesman, to whom. aaa tribute from his many friends and admirers, it must be peculiarly valuable, and the possession of which, at the present time, cannot fail to be a grateful solace in his hours of confine- ment and reflection In the mingled feelings of sorrow and mortification which I have indulged, by reason of this occurrence, it is no sinall satisfaction that it affords me an opportunit; which I should not otherwise have enjoyed. to unite this worthy memorial to one of the most distinguished n of ourcountry and age. whose career bas been as bril- nt as it has been patriotic, and whose life and times will constitute an essential element in the history of our coun- try during its most interesting and forming period, and whose naine and memory. like that of the father of th ed as the common inheritance of 1 am, dear sir, with great respect. JHARLES BUTLE Police Iutelligence, Another False Pretence Check Man w/rrested.—Constable Joseph on Sunday arrested a pan named Maurice A. Isarr, on a warrant issued by Justice Lothrop, wherein he stands charged with obtaining merchandise from differeut merchants in this city by false and fraudulent represen- tations. ‘The last’ transaction. it sceims. was ob on the 6th inst, a lot of champag) Mr, Christian Eimlie, 100 Prout to Mr, Fanlie and purebased the wine for cash, and in pay- ment therefor gave a cheek for the amount on the Bank of Americ: yut on presenting the said check at the bank, it was ascertained that no money was placed in the bank to meet it, nor had he any account in said bank. Subsequently. it wax ascertained that the wine had been sold the same da; of No, 208 Broudway. for $54-—soine $2 Jess than the first price, Since the arrest of the ae- cused, it bas been ascertained that a number of other merchants hav u sufferers by the swindler, Some two or three months ago, this same individaal eal at the store of Messrs. Trigills & Barrieras, No. 106 Wall street, and purchased of them, under the false pretence of paying quantity of segars, amounting to $427, for which gave his cheek on thi onal Bank ; but on present- ing the said check, no money was there to meet it, and the parties were therefore swindied out of their property. riod, the aceused called on Young & Bor- ‘outh William street. and purchased a lot of P at $1,500. in payment for which he gave, a9 in the former cases, his check on one of the city banks, of no value, The same kind of swindie was practised on . AT Stone stree n the ae- in the like manne age of Java cot valued $1,000, It i 1 that many merchants have been swind who, on hea arrest of this man. will call upon the pol rate and enter their complaints. The officer hud been in search of the accused for some time past, and yes- succeeded in taking him prisoner at No. 252 William. where, it seems. he was boarding, The magistrate comunitted the accused to prison, to await a further hear- ing Mr. Talbanner, cused purchase fer. 1 Descent won Stindoy Gamblers. —A pose of Sixth ward oon, made a descent. upon ar 32 Mulberry street. where the police found a number of Jewish gentlemen around a table. playing cards and gambling for money, ‘The police the cards aud money. amounting to a dollar and six cents, which lay on'the table. and twelve of the » custody, and conveyed them e the magistrate. at the il in Jauies «tr in his pose lisce and whi ent. who maile (he chs saundl Was he droppe person Jase itefwult of Keo of the Sixth ward re wound on the I who prononns vey Lhofore Justice r the vm. ne Onde whe committed hiw ty pr wut of bail tsining $11 fore Just « tee hem to answer the ed purti Osborn whe committed t rt for trial Hiceman Veedenbu amd thre with her assist HL them secu court to th lee in the um of nd the ma newer the eha a —Iawins 8. Appeal trom 1 affirmed. without costs ads, Joba Millarkic.—Oedered that the judi ment 6n the repert of the referee he affirmed. Nathan K. Ballord. &e Philip: Burrows and wife — firmed. with costs d. William S. Bright, Birmed. with enst Rain —Order at special term Wiltiom KG ». Peter W term modified, without costs Niem Redford vs. Chartes R. Waring and others, Order sl term affirmed. with costs r McCurdy vs. Vi—dudg- special term Mam now tria} affirmed. with $10 ¢ Daniel K. Dutge. &e modified. coax to provide th shall be taxed, t vided regate; it plaintiffs {ofendant esoved tbe bat pay them the exec Calvin B, Hult. Respat. + 1 that minut with liberty to anid answer olan T. Colion 1 Satarday be x ant to with rer SPECIAL tore Hon Ju jenied without ¢ einthony F. Schwat vs. James Harper avd others, inpld. ¢. Judgment for the defendants, Andrews & Eurniss, on nurrer to the answer,on the ground that the com 1 (oes not state facts sufficient to constitute a eanse wetion rer to Harpe judgment tor intif on the first and third nurrer: and lefendant on te second for oF inst Harper, Thomas ¥'. ¥ fus Story.—Comy Respdt. agnst. we Retell Vv je of de round. No ¢ Willion 8 far as its vet two notes by reverver substi yond Rie ynes and others. vs y appol tuted to William Story’s right thereto, James Mason vs. John Custree and Abraham Wakeman. Judgement the plaintiff ov the demurer to part of the wer, Jeave to defendant Castrer, to sanei lt Bis answer in twenty deys on payment of cost. Julianna Bhidenbuegh vs, David Cothent. tmpleaded with ner Jones. Judgment for defendants, on ground that eviction is shown, and if what plaintiff -0 claiming was au eviction, Uhe covenant of warranty was by before the her. rs. Rolert H. Gibson =Jadement foy the Smith Bhy ox Judgment, that street lot. was fr surme set aside as Thema: He bead and John M, Lawerve— " ’ . of the Vesey necount for the of Vesey street lots, and for assigned property, lest Wis dishurserments and actual paymints to creditors, and Jor payment to plaintiff of debt aiid eorts U. &, Commisstoner’s OMce, Before Job W. Nelson, Bey + 12—-Charge of Lorceny on the High Seas—The States vs, G Stafford. —W appeared by the adduced by Mr. Ridgeway on the part of the evtion, that Willian B, Ware was snperca Seaimew.on her voyage from New York tot wtbe African const, and Stafford, whe ig company; that thi into Bermuda ‘in distre eviden owner of the vessel, when tluth an item ¢ ‘Leen ounces of virgin gold, 1 entered at Batburet, in Afrien, th Decoml 1851, Was nowhere to be four effcets; md strong suspicions of gu t # search Warrant was issued, whieh vst Len Ounces of the missing ‘ 4a pewnbroker with whom Stafford had left it in pledge, and other parts from among his ef- fot, Gund frvan ersene & whom ci given some of it away, -Upon the above stalcmacul of knots the agoused re comamaltted for (rial day deceased VERY LATE FROM CENTRAL AMERICA. Affairs in of tho Citizens of San Juan—Advices from Costa Rica, We have received, by the Daniol Webster, which sailed from San Juan de Nicaragua on the 6th inst., our correspondence from that place, and tiles of the Gaceta—tho official journal of Costa Rica—to tho 2ist inst. There ia nonows of importance from tho republic of Costa Rica; the intelligence from Nicaragua is embraced in the following despatches and reports:— Our Nicaragua Correspondence, San Juan pew Norra, March 3, 1852. accident and Death of Mr. Stoddard, of New Bed- ford—The Mosquito Flag at San Juan--Pudlic Merting—Demand for an Act of Incorporation— Washington's Birth-day—The Nicaraguan Go- cerument—Drath of Purser Astmun, of the United States Navy. A man by the name of Bolla J. Stoddard, of New Bedford, Massachusetts, a through passen- ger to California by the steamship Prometheus, on her last voyage, was drowned off the steamer dobn M. Clayton, Capt. James Woods, on the river Sun Juan, near the mouth of tho river Seraforgin. ‘The body was recovered on the next succeeding trip of the Clayton, February 21st, and buried ashore, near the old fort. There were nine dollars in cash found with the body, which was appropriated to de- fray the expenses of interment. Will you be kind enough to advertise the friends of the deceased, that by application at the office of the American Atlantic and Pacific Ship Canal Company, No. 74 Broadway, they will receive the value of the through ticket, which was found with the body. ‘The sight of the flag of Mosquitia flying from the stuffin the Plaza de Vietoria, of this towa, having become very Ghnoxious to the citizens, they ing with the advice of Commander Cireene, of the United Stutes sloop of war Decatur, now lying here, held 1» public convention on the evening of the 28th ult., for the purpose of discussing the propriety of sending a delegation to the Nicaraguan government, praying rom her certain corporate privileges; and, after much disenssion—all on one side, however—they passed resolutions to the effect, that inasmuch as the re-establishment of Nicaragua in the territorial om of this port was apparently inevitable, it was wise and proper to obtain from her, if pos- sible, aa act of incorporation for this city, which would seeure to us an independence from Nica- raguan laws and ensioms, and _ many ileges which we should not possess, if Niearagua should regain the control of the port without such an effort on our part. A delegation of fifteen of our citizens appointed to proceed forthwith in the com- piny’s steamboats, which were placed at our dispo- sal, to the ‘capital,’ and demand an independent charter, or obtain all she would. grant to us in the way of rights and immuni question, however, her Nie ill yield anything to us; tor ubont, and they, no doubt, ¢ progress of events at the North, and of the intervention of the governnent of the United States in her be and if she is going to have the town whether or no, why she'll do as she leases. But one thing is very certain, that if we ad not been assured of the interference of the Ame- rican man of war, an “independent flag” would have ied us ere this; and after Nicaragua has re- ined the town, if she docs not behave herself with regard to us, 7. ¢, obey us, upon a very slight pre- text will he icials be requested to depart fre among us with y little ceremony, for we are not much fonder of Nicaragua bunting than of Anglo quitia’s fag. Itis buta matter of diplomacy, n other word over-regehing, for us tog these concessions, if possible; and, if we are | ful, we shall be truly republican although in agua. We propose to confirm all individual titles to Jands for which a suflic! leration has been but those who have received any part of the ds within our boundary, for services rendered the juito government, uv madly, ite personages of this latter class have f re at low prices, but no, we wou't buy ; we'll w result of these events. The Dutch frigate Prince of Orange, on the 18th 1 Iuicd and thus recognized the flag of Mosqui- uy Was aeknowledged hy posi oI Mu certain fortu began to quake ashington’s birth f Orange h t. ane r iy the atu ich vessel also gave lL iokens of her reverence for the memory of n. Ashore, nearly every house was orna- mented with the thirty stars and thirteen stripes, y description were brought in whole town was literally wl bine. ze upon the stripe Ww vial wu its A 1 of present ronwtional en: + Vhose exist y and pow tiser Ashioun, of the Unit nr. now ly nd was buried this ai this city, with milit tended by mumy of the sels of war in the harh citizens gene T the Hon, ¢ of Massachusetts. Negotiation and compromise have quelled the late insubardination in the interior, ekirmish, everythin Chain the Seer States sloop-of-war, esterday of an ab- he burial yard of avity of man- ience in polities. The aetual owl ofa lawyer by dau. hut net uuel force f profession, but net inch of a politician, s Meeting of t Cie of San Juan de Vien We of San Juan de Nica fi ae A meeting of the citizen guy. was held at the Minericnn Hotel, ou the evening ef February 28, 1852, in pur we of the following notice: — PUREE MEE TEN. A meeting of the citizens of Sax be beld at Che An aenpay ve meeting wa thy Mr. Benjamin Mooney, whe nominated Mr. Willinin EL De Forest aschuirman of the meeting. On the motion being mut tu the meeting it was carried unanimously, and Mr. De Forest accordingly took th r Mr. Bea- Jamin Mooney was then elected vice president » B. Gerring and Dy. R. Mackay aud Mr. d..V. Peres interprote: The lecting being organized, the Cain ay briefly explained the chjects of the meeting to be to endea- vermment for this town, that would 1 that. prot } id property to whieh all are alike entitled: and cajled on the citizens assembled to come forward and give their views and sentiments on the subject. that all may know the grievances we labor undey, and what rights aud privileges we desive tg obtain Mr. W. P. Kinktasp then, in an able and lengiby speech, stated hie views. He ¢ 1 to the present goverument of this town, and ugged the necessity of ini nore stable, permanent. juet and le a mnteucded it was the duty and in- vitizens of San Juge te Appeal to the chiful owner of the territory, vie, Uhe State of requesting trom ber a charter of incor- oration, giving aud granting to them such privie eges. land and power a= may enable them to esta- blush # government of low and order sate the citizens of San Juan. and protecting the persons and property of wll within ite jurisdiction. Mr Kirkland contended thatthe present «0 called autho- Tities of thie town wae a femporary government, that they themselves were in doubt and ancertainry who and what they were, and Low to act; that the: derived their power and authority from the King o Mosquito, an individual recognized and protected by England, hut heving oo existence or authority ac- corded or aeknowledged by other nations, and whose claim over thie territory, and existence as a king, Was even now a joattor of negotiation between the & ernments of the United States and England. hile these matters are in doubt and uncertainty, we find ourselves without a government, and without protection alike in onr persons and our property, and it is our duty our interest to go te head- qourters—the righttul owner of the soil—the State of Nicaragua, ond deraand from her a charter of in- corporation, #0 that we can form a goveroment in which our interesis wre repreetnted, and by which our persons and our property will be protected. Mr. Kirkiend’s views and remarks were coincided in by the meeting with acclamation, and be setived with great applance. The tollowing yerolution was then moved and seconded :— Resolved, That (he chairmen nppoint » rommiitee of three persons to draft re Hows expressing the views and sentiments of thie meeting, and report such, resolu- tions to the ineeting The resolution was adopted, and the chair ap- vointed My, Gelston, W. P. Kirkland, and Mr. Chas. W wl. During the receet occasioned by the re tiring of the cominittes to draft retolutions, Mr. J. V. Poros addressed the meeting in Spanish, ealling on all to exprest their views and sontiments fully and freely, and vote according to their knowledge and judgment, yea and ney, ty the revolutions which would We reesemtyd: tion rrr ‘The committee of three then appeared and re- ported the’ following resolutions :— Resolved. That, whereas we, tho citizens of San Juan de desirous to secure for ourselves the Lil part is called for not now posseas, we do delegate such citizens aa we have confidence in, to proceed. to the capital of the State of Nici to treat and nego- tiate with the government of said State for a charter of incorporation. giving and granting to us such power and privileges as may enable us to establish a government, and tect such officers as may rightfully and properly adminis- ter such laws and ordinances as may by us be enacted. Resolved, That the chairman appoint fifteen delegates toproceed to the capital of Nicaragua, for the purpose of obtaining from that government a charter empowering the citizens of San Juan to establish a free port, territorial and local government. Resolved, That such delegation pay strict attention in procuring ® proper guaranty and protection from that government for all property for which a proper considera- tion has been paid. Resolved. That should any of the delegates appointed hy the chair decline acting, that the remaining delegates haye full power to act and cail such persons te their aid as they may deem expedient. The resolutions, on being put to the meeting, were car- ried unanimously. f ‘The resolutions were translated, and read in Spanish to the meeting by Mr, Perea, and were unanimously adopted, On motion, Resolved, That Mr. W, H, De Forest be the chairman of the delegation to the government of Nicar- agua, Resolution adopted. ‘ ‘The chairman then appointed+he following named gentlemen as the delegation to the Nicaragua govern- ment, to carry out the object of this meeting. Mr. Benjamin Mooney, Don Francisco Alvarado, Mr. R. Gelston, Don Juan Mesnier, Mr, William B. Gerring. Dr. R. W. Mackay, Mr. Elvino, Don A. Sigana, Mr. W. P. Kirkland, Senor Mancho, Mr. V. Peres, Don Ramon | Rivas, Mr, W. F. Upham. Mr. Chas, Wendadl, ig These names, with Wm. De Forest as chairman, were then submitted to the meeting, and unani- mously approved of. On motion, Resolved, That Mr, John Y. Deyleand John Jeffries be added to the delegation, Resolution adopted. On motion, Resolved, That the thanks of this meeting be returned to Capt. Banker, for his offer of a steamer to convey the delegation to Granada. Resolution adopted. On motion. Resolved, That the delegation will be at Mr, Kirkland’s on Monday next, from 10 to 8 o'clock, to receive such suggestions as the citizens may desire to make to them, Un motion, Resolved, That the meeting do now adjourn. tics of Railroads in the United States. Census Orrick, Wasuincros, March 1, 1 Tn compliance with your request, I proceed to answer Interesting St sour inquiries concerning railroads in the United States, Th number of miles of railroad in operation in the A States, Jantuary 1, 1852, was, as nearly as can be vined. 1081444. At the same time there was in course of construction an extent of railroad amounting, according to the most reliable estimates, to 10.598 4¢ miles. i} greater portion of the lines commenced, but | uplete, will be finished within the ensuing five The length of railroad brought into operation wary 1, 1848, is 5.224 miles, Within the last year | niles have been finished, Nearly all the lines in Teen commenced since 1848. It is supposed m hundred miles addi- tional to the 10.898 now known to be in progress will be put under contract during 1852, ‘Vhere never existed greater activity in the making of railroads in the United States than at the present time, Many of the lines projected have taken the place of plans for the construction of canals and turnpike roads. Ac- ‘ works of public improvement are not pro- same ardor and euergy as formerly, ch activity exists in the construction of plank labor and capital which they would require, are absorbed in the numerous and aliost colossal schemes of railroad building. Siuce 1848 the exteut of railroad ened for travel and transportation has nearly doubled, re is reason to believe that the inerease in the length of road brought into use will not be lesw rapid during the next period of four years. By the year 1860, we may expect that the territory of the Uniied States will he traversed by at least 30.000 iniles of railroad. It is very dificult. to ‘4n estimate of the average expense per imile of building railroads in the United States. In fact, no average can be assumed ax applicable to the whole country, The cost of the roads in New Engiand is about $45.00 per mile; in New York, Penns vanin, and Maryland, about $40,000, But in the inte of these States the surface of the country is. broken, re dering the cost of grading very heavy; and nearer the “deep streams interrupt the lines of travel, ise of bridging a serious item, and the more densely inhabited parts States upon the Atlantic, as in wll Eurepean t of private titles to the real uently formea large part mstrnetion, In Mississippi. There, ii weary for the purposes of U maideration of the t private p vicinity of their esta » Western States the ¢ grading a long Line of read does not exceed $1,000 per mile—t of tinber amounting to vothing more than the expense of clearing it from the track, these reasons. the ex- t railre in the Southern and ¥ Jess than it will tthed as th nterprise whic y ani spirit Minois was _adhnite n 18h D4 ording. ilroad is to extend frot of the Mixsissip) ss with two ui. The Central I tremity. at th mil eighty $20,000 per nile, or jor the entire work. with ing it. ‘This is the longe now in contonplation in the United States, of which there is ability of speedy completion. It has been of iis pro) Fill be Mr. Asn Wh or some other pla 1 fie ocean, terminating either at s in, or at the month of the Columbia ri ts the patron the national prodigious work, traet of hand Dy twee thovsdm bel ce that his pr trom the an be found and whieh would attord ne Hrusine the support of t he difficuttios of building it overcome, axe convinced of fts py ‘The vail operation jee trom a setts. The length of this work was forr milee ished in 1830, “Dn the year the State of South lina cvnsed to be commenceil g railroad trom Charleston, peipel port. to Augusta. in ( Nhe distance is les She work w wt the very bly «mall n included alee the expen ines and , HCUSEATY CMI rutle be pe koent tirst rail n the Uni dl Stat jer lieved te Sieve been Uhe cheapest and one of ( cessinl : Vf which the zreatest nataral obstacles have been is that which extends trom the Hodeen river, through the southern counties of New York. to Lake Brie, It length ie four Lundred and nine riles. and it has branches of an aggre length of sixty-cight tailes through «rex nwuninins, iscarricd over the Delaware and Susquebanne rivers and other streams, wat hg yigduets upon whieh it crosses the Falleys that fntercept its route. are among the noblest Moniuments of power and skill to be found in owr country, The most of these worke are of heavy mussonry. but one of them isu wooden bridge, one hundred and éighty-four feet in height, and bavi but one are. the «pen of Which ix two hundred and ty-five feet. One of the viaduets is 1,200 feet long and 110 feet bigh ea of (bis important work war $22,690,000. and the expe mnstruction was $45.3: per mile, ‘The road was ori- ly meg Tt: a companys was organived in seurveys were made in the some year. siud opera nie Were Yeeun by gradi arto the route in 1833, Vt was finished in 1851, and opened with grout cere- wony, for travel and transportation, in thatroonth, ‘The Plate advanced six millicn re towards the work, and afterwards reeset the company from the obligation fopay the kon, {t will thus be seen that the exeeution of this great improvement wae pursued throuch nineteen years. and iL Was Hot ecomplished without calling iuto requisition both the resources of the State and the mienur of her citizens, In the infancy of (he American rallroad eystem, and for ten yeors thereafiex, it wax the rule to extend to every mport ierprise of Chat character (he wesistane of the State in which it was to be built, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Uinois, Miscissippt, and some other States, adopted extensive «ystems of improvements. consisting of railroads and canal, which they pureued un- Ul their credit tailed; ap event which happened: in most, caste before any of ibe works had been completed and brought into profitable use, But the general practice was to ehartor companies. exch of which was charged with the execution of some purtioulor work, and to aid them by loans of State stocks, Although this practice hee fallen into #0 auch disfavor in some of the Btates, that the citt- zens have incorporated in their constitutions articles pro- hibiting adraners by their Logidntures for auch purpores, it is yete continued By others, and Virginia, Tennessee, and other States, are now prosecuting expensive works, con. sidered essential to thefr prosperity, by means of advances from their respective treasuries. To the yenr 1560 Congress passed an act, after a vers protracted discustion, grant to the State of Hlineis about 2.700.000 reres of public lands to aid tu th tien of the Contral Railroad, to whieh allusto; fore made, ‘Chis magnificent donation ix reckoned by the company (0 which Ulinoie has confided the building of the rovd, to be worth $18,000,000, This was the first. in. stance in which the aid of the nations! yoyernwent had been extended to @ railroad proj But since the above grant, innumerable applications have beew made from all (he now States for coasions of land for railroad purposes, Whether such further aid ahedl be extended W a much agitated question in American polities, is are pending in Congress propos. ing to cede for these purposes about 20,000,000 of acres, i he Following table presents, in a convenient form, some of the principal fects conmected with vallygads iu (ly Vantted states, om Jamnnry, LEE) ithe vite whole course is ‘The bridges by whieh it ost. oF oN Ppl i Hs < t e : an 782 34 . q ial 7 a # 7B a a ve SS" ta hohe rt 40 ar 9.288 3 - oe 0.218 3096 21,009 or 00 121.49 oe 16 1297 SiT LOTR Pass KB 7s 48,000 61.33 ae Be BAB : 1M Te 48008 0.35 i 1 2139 ou Ce ee | 62. 73 BIS OL, 58 23. 28 SAS 00 19. EM 250 123 Toe 2) 8000 is.62 1a 190 50,722 6t Bs TS 47156 26 6 = 46,431 1s — 32 57 321 . 3 = an ee ow) 33,809 Ae 4 176 1,405 36 = 67,980 wre . » i 3,924 6.05 10,814 10,808 Nearly parallel to ‘the Atlantic coast of the United Statea, trom Maine to Alabama, runs the range of moun- tains known as the Alleghany or Apalachian chain, The eastern bases of these mountains are not distant from the seaboard iore than a hundred miles, and they form « very formidale obstacle to the construction of between tho great eastern cities and the interior, In nearly all the great enterprises which have been under. taken with the view to effect such connection, great addi- tional expense has been incurred to overcome or to pene- trate this mountain barricr. In the plan first adopted for the general system of State improvements in Penn- sylvania, it waa proposed to effect the crossing of the Alieghanies by means of inclined planes. with poworfut tationary engines at their summits, Those pianes were built and have been used for several years, until oxpe- rience proved that their operation was too slow and toe expensive to maintain # successful competition with other methods of conveyance, and other improvements have since been finish.teddesigned to supersede them. The railroad from Baltimore to the Ohio river is carried ovec fi passage in these mountains where the elevation is up- wards of three thousand feet, and » part of that height overcome by tunnels, varying in length from ono-sixteentia to four-fifths of a mile, “The road from New York to Al- bany. along the banka of the Hudson, bas three tunmeds. The greatest work of this kind yet proposed in the United States is the tunnel through the Hossack mountain, which, if executed, will be four miles in length. and fifteen hup- dred feet below the sumunit of the ascent. The cost is es- timated at $2,000,000, On the road from New York to Lake Erie tunnels have been avoided by very expensive works, which overcome ascents of 1.400 feet. No authentic statement has ever been giver of the capital invested in the railroads of the United States, but we have the means of fornffig an estimate upon whic much reliance may be placed. railroads in operation at the beginning of the present year may be assumed to have cost $348.000,000, The amount invested in the lines under construction, it is impossible to estimate with even an approximation to correctness, ‘Their cost when com- pleted will be considerably less than that of an equal lengtlnof road now in operation, for the reason that the greater number of new or unfinished lines are in the Weat- or Sout! ‘here, a8 has been shown, the cost of construc- tion is tar below whut it is in the Northern and Kastera States. ‘The management of the American railroads is entirely distinct from the administration of government. Their conggrns are Managed by corporations, which consist of a president, secretary and directors. Kuch of the directors inust own a certain amount of stock. They are chosen by the body of stockholders. who have votes in proportion to the number of shares they hold. ‘The directors choose one of their body president. and appoint the secretary. ‘The president and secretary haye generally liberal salaries, but the services of the directors are gratuitous, ‘The rate of speed on our railroads is not so great as on those of England. ‘The ordinary velocity of a passengec train is twenty miles an hour, but on some routes it is as high us twenty-eight and thirty miles. Express trains, on such occasions us the conveyance of the Presideut's messuge.frequently maintain for long distances aa high fe ve miles an hour, Andon one road—that ‘ork and Albany—forty miles per hour ia forall pnasenger (rains, ares or rates of passage are not uniform. In New England, the average price per mile for the conveyance of passengers is under two cents; from New York te Koston it is two and four-tenths; from New York to Philadelphia, three and four-tenths; from Philadelphia to Baltimore, three snd one-tenth. From New York to Cincinnati. the dirtun 7 miles by the northern route, miles are travelled by steamboat. ‘The price sis $16 60. being slightly nts per mile, ‘The lines between Baltimore nati, soon to be opened will, be 650 miles in length, and the fure will be $13; that is, two cents per mile. Believing that the history of the origi ntof the railroads in the United 5 subjects of statisti investigation, rally understood, I have devoted a por- time to the aration of a complete histor; led statement respecting each of the railroads in the United States, to accompany the other statistios to be embraced within the seventh census; but, as Con- gress may exercise their right of abridging the work om this and ‘other subjects. itis impossible, in advance, te say what the census, when published. will contain. IT en- 'se to you herewith a copy of the census of Maryland in advance. for reasons which will appear in K 5 prefiney Thave the honor to be. most obedient s dotns Cawriy respect. your oi. KENNEDY, rks. Paris, ister Pub The Last Battle of the Fillibusters. [From the American Flag. 28] Our town has been the theatre of intense excite. a eto the re battle, near Camar- xo. between the forces of General Carvajal and. the Mexican mand of General Canales and © y t arrival of the steamee M the 25th instant, we are put im possession of the result, and we are truly rejoiced to receive the assurance that the loss of life was not so appl sas the Me. port, received at Matwnoras day, led us to apprebend. to the effect that the fe tirely routed and and Riv number w sudon the fiel count brought down by tl sthe rivers San Juan ifusion that an immense ight were found wounded. ‘The © engaged ry widely, a8 to mn what we can very vearly the facts: ver a few hed slowly important details, but, they, the following cnbrace On Friday (20th) Cary niles below Rio Grande up toward Camar: were met the. forees under the Mexican ‘leaders—at time th force under Carvajal amounted ndetinite purmber, rangin vi and five hundred—reports widely--sixteen of whom were Indi sund gun aud a good supply of The Mexican for a uncommon impetuosity, with t vaby. On yecciving this tirst charge, a men broke and fled in’ great disorde which first commenced the stampede ave said to base composed the command of Capt. Nw aud were mostly, if net all, Mexicans; but in their progre-s they took with them many Ame hese fled the Geld, and never did return, few, nob over ¢ men, who stood the on pulved the charging party, by the discho Gouble loadet with canister, making great iter throngh their rauks. ‘The charge re- peated ihvee different times, with the like result. Attor this, the Mexican forees retired, and crossed the San Junu river: also. w this time, thy ining torces of Carvajal left in small par Ze uew between gleven and twelve uight, and quite dark. In afew hours f time (he battle field was deserted by both com “ i When it became known to the Mexicans d left, they returned and took pos- session of the growad without opposition, their op- ponents having left their only gan. ammunttten, wagons, &e, The Mexiean General reports alvo one hundred and twenty stand of arms taken at the come time. Cpon the whole, this battle presen which ave entirely new im modern war parties, it appears, wust have i th whipped, and in vecordance with th has ition, both gave up the day and retired, The official re- port of Canales, however, wakes a different explanu tion of this movement, and declares that be drew his men off to induee Carvajal to advance from @ sh tered position which he ocoupied. and from whiel he found it diffenlt to dislodge him. s, in his Version, was a mere nuilitary manoeuvre, while the other tide represent it as a busty and precipitate re- treat. How this may be, we will not undertake to ive an opinion, But one thing, at least, is hoyond ontroversy, Vist---That an engagement was had, ond that the Mexican forces remain on the ground, having taken all the ails of war, which belonged to thoir adversaries, while Carvajal and his 8 Te~ crossed the river and have withdrawn from the gon- test, thus leaving Canales in possession of the battle ound and the camp. Many of the prominent leaders in this bodtle came down here on the M’Kin« bey. Carvajal’s men report only ten killed aud thirteen Wounded, and three missing, probably drowned. un, lock at features Both Naval Intelligence Annexed iv a list of officers attached to the Unite rhip Decatur Comsauncler, Willian’ Green. Licutonants, William 7. Mw, James W. Cooke, ond Rybert Thranpeqn; Pastel Awistant Surgeon, Samuacl Jackson: Assistant Sw James BR. Whiting; Acting Master. Charles W. Hay Paced Midshiptoan, Henry ©. Hunter; Acting Midship wen, Edward B. Potter and William MD; na; Acting Beatewain, James Walker; Gunner. Wiliinn Burnieoes Carpenter, James Linn; Sailinaker, Jobin , at States +, Stauford, Coupiimexrany Divsen cryny Rarnoan Commaxy vo tH Tntivors T - curse A complimentary dinner was yiven at Hotel, Washington, on the 1th inst. by ‘x competence the Tilinoi* Central Railrcad Company to the Ulinois ile« Jegation in Congress, in honor of (he sneves# of the mea- fures qreminary to the commencement of the road Geo, Griewold, Ksq., was in the chair, The Attorney General Was provent, and the Secretary of State and the Recretary of the Interior wrote letters rogrotting they could not attend. Senator Donglas was one of the com. hays nud responded (9 tag Lonst im Lomon of the tate ef