The New York Herald Newspaper, February 10, 1852, Page 4

Magistracy. In thisindirest form, a species of sans- tion is given to these principles, and the Senate would be bound by law todefoud them. Bat these pars in the hands of a servile and dependent dy may only be turned to instruments of greater ion. ey supersede the control of the or- ry courts of justice, and espeolally of the Court of Cassation, over constitutional questions and iblic rights. Though placed, as it wore, between Livy goveroment and the nation, since ‘the Senate maintains or annul: the acts which may be eub- mitted to it as uncons: ional by the govornment, or denounced for the same cvuse ia petitions by the Citizens,” this semi-judicial power loses all ita weight in the grasp of men who have noindepen- dence. The persons selected to fill the station of senators may, indeed, raive the character of such @ body by their own rank, servicos, or talents, aud wo await these nominations with interest But hitherto all contact with Louis Napoleon’s govern- ment bas been avoided by such men. M_ de Mon- talembert has literally been obliged to hide himself ine pretended sick room from the general indigna- in of society at his political apostacy. Too pro- bability is, that the Senate aud the Council of State will be composed ef men not mere eminent or in- dependent than those whose names have been made to fone in the Consultative Commission. Tho President is armed boforchand with the means of giving or withholding from them a liberal income; and, in ehort, nothing is wanting to convert suoh an aeeauly into the most pliant of the tools of des- ism. Perne Logislative Assembly is, howevor, the groat- est farce in this constitution It is to be elected by ballot and by universal suffrage, in the propor- tion of one deputy to 35,000 inhabitants, and to sit for six years, not ten, as was erroneously stated yesterday; but, as tho electoral law is net yot pro- gmulgated, wo have yet to learn undor what limi- ‘teticns the suffrage is to be exercised. When elected, this body will have the sterile privilege of disouseing laws it cannot alter by way of amend- mont, and of voting measures it cannot originate. Even the reports of ita proseedings are to bo con- fined to the minutes on the journals, for it is evil beet the intention of tho President to stifle al- litical eloquence, and to shut up the feeble de Bates of such assemblies within the four walls of one of his palaces. The President and Vice- President of the Chamber are to bo named b the government, and salaried by decree. No pe tions can be addressed to the body which repre- sents the people, nor, indeod, are the people to have any mode of ascertaining what the actual conduct ef thoir representatives may be. And, after all, upon the firet act of opposition this Assembly may be dissolved or prorogued, and the Senate will provide in the interim of ‘all that is necessary for arrying on the government.” Such a body has, therefore, no original powers at ali, and the pre- tended powers which are speciously conferred uoon it may bo transferred on the least show of resist- ance to a more docile instrument. We know not to what extent the expectations of those who have judged most ceversly of the reven: acts and future polisy of Louis Napoloon Bona- parte may bave carried them; but for ourselves wo certainly anticipated nothing more fatal to tho Jiberties of France and to the whole theory of par- liamentary government than this constitution. It gives to tho natior _.o bold apon its representatives, and to its representatives no hold upon the govern- ment. Yet the systematic Bonapartist polisy, bosh of the uncle and of the nephew, has been to kee; in the foreground the principles of the revolu- tion and the authority of the poople; while, in reality, nothing is retained of the more gencrous andenlightened maxims of 1759 but the destruc- tive consequences to which the: unbeppily led, and nothing is required of the authority of the peoplo but to sanction the impostures practisod in its name. The first step to the porpetration of such mea- Sures was the destruction of that publicity whish is the guardian of all etber liberties. From the moment that the press was suspended, the nation ceased to know the events of its own history. Society is groping in tho dark, unable to meet, to discern the course of the times, or to combine the most ordinary expression of opinion. Even now, it is only beyond the frontiors of France that the criticism of a document which vitally concerns the French nation can commence; and even beyond its own frontiers the government has endeavored to pemeer with the organs of public opinion, which it dreads. The effect produced even in France, by the late decrees of banishment and deportation, has for the first time shaken the confidence of tho Dictator and his accomplices. Several of the persons proscribed by that edist have not yet beon sent out of Paris; and a second list of proscrip- tions, containing a large number of public writers and men of Parliamentary families, has been sus- pended by the influence of M. de Morny. Tho gevernment seems to rely for support among the educated classes only on tho lavish distribution of its degrading honors, er on its unserupulous perse- cutions. It rules men by their cupidity or by their fears; and, to the honor of the great majority of tho upper classes in Paris, it must be told that its failure in the salons has been equal to its success in the streets. It was one of the imperial practices to crowd every drawing-room with spies, to watch every grade in society, and to hunt into banishment the women who stili braved a groater mun than Louis Napoleon. That system is already exten- sively renewed, and no private meeting of half a dozen guests in Paris is now considered secure. Yet, it is vain to banish freedom from the political constitution, from the prees, and the public assem- blics of a nation, until it has sunk and expired in the hearts of men. A Fovecumeds that promul- gates an act denying ail the (da and political usages endeared to the country by thirty years of independence, founds its power in defiance of all that is most vigorous and energetic among the educated classes in France ; and this constitution, though it be accepted now by those who sick alike under every form of government or oppression, will one day be thought as degrading as the fears in which it has taken its origin. [From the London Post, Jan. 16] The act by which Louis Napoleon has terminated #0 much anxious suspense, has silenced so many bitter slanders, and by which, to quote his own em- phatic words—he trusts that ‘‘ Peace will be assured at home and abroad—his ardent hopos be falfilled— his mission accomplished,” has been published. Our readers are, therefore, able to judge on what kind of foundation the trustee of such mighty inve- rests has undertaken to reconstruct tae political fabric—to regenerate the social system of France. ‘The constitution is, as the proclamation of the 2d Decem ber announced that it would bo, based on the system and principles on which the magnifi- cence and enduring boncfits of the empire rose out of the hideous ruix of those earlier days of revolu- tion. The distinguishing charaster of this politi- cal framework is an executive of strong action and comprehensive power, responsible through a parlia- ment to the country, by whose auiversal suffrage both are elected. ‘It will be seen that to the logia- lative body is secured that great constitutional | check on the executive, with which no despotism oan co-exist, the exclusive power of voting the sup- | lies of government Thus the constitution of | $52 precervesto the French people the great prin- | diple of parliamentary government, while it gives them, what isnow the chief want of France, an acting power in @ position to effect the works of progrose and reform, which, in the face of a jealous and ill regulated Assembly, it could hitherto only ropese * * In thus boldly and frankly sdopt- ing tho form and spirit of the imperial polity for | the basis of the system by which ho is to govern, the Prosidont hag, wo trust, eocared to lrauco the Dest and only guarantee of prosperity within, and ef peace beyond their frontier firm and strong government trusted by the people on ell details of | execution--responsible te the nation on aul great questions of principle. To have atcompted a now | Utopia—a theorized system,on pr les clabo rated from conjectured expediencies—-would have | been to fall at a more orivical moment, and with | less hope of extrication, into the miseries and de- lusions which made 1848 a year ofruin. We recog: | nise in the new constitution—in the reception by the influential classes of tho new form of govorn- | ment—the strongest guaranteo that this hope will not be disappointed. Wo look to seeing in tho ten years extension of Leuis Napoleon’s power, | the best safeguard of those interests, which have boen co long and se fearfully endangered. THE VERY LATEST. TELEGRAPUIC FROM LONDON TO LIVERPOOL The Latest from Europe. Boaton, Feb. 9, 1852. The following one day later intelligence, received per telegraph fm Liverpool, prior to the eailing of the Kuropa, is published this morning: — Loxvox, Saturday, Jan. 24, 1852 We leorn from Paris that a decree has been issued, maming the various chiefs of bataliions, captains, ad- jutants, &o , of the organized National Guarde of Paris. ur denies the statement made by some of at the President has addressed private Whe Republic of Guatemala. The country which at present bears this name is that part of Contral America lying betwoon tho States of Salvador and Honduras on the oas%, tho Mexican States of Chiapas and Tabasco on the wost, the British settlement of Honduras ( dismembor- ment of Guatemala) and the Atlantic ocean on the north, and the Pacific poean on the couth. On the Atlantio, its line of coast extends for about 60 miles —from the river Saratoon to the river Cuyamel, em- bracing the ports of Izabal and Santo Tomas. On the Pacific, it possesses a sea border of more than 200 miles—from the river Paz to San Marcos Bar Tho ports of Istaps and Champerico are situated here. The area of the whole territory may bo reckoned st 40,000 square miles, and its population fron 800,000 to 1,000,000 inhabitants. In this region are to be fouad the remnants of an extinct aboriginal civilization, in the ancient cities of Palenque, Ootoziago, Quiché, Tepan, Guatoma- la, Copan, Quingua, and others, some of which have been so masterly described in tho work of Mr. Ste- ens. vase the time of the arrival of the Spaniards, several tribes or nations, greatly advanced in social lifo, known by the appellations of Quiches, Kachiquoles, Itzacs, &c , occupied that land, the name of which was subsequently extended to that agglomeration of provinces called, under the Spanish colonial rule, the “Kingdom of Guatemala,” which was composed of Chiapas (a0w a part of Mexico), Guatemala pro- or, Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa ica. Unfortunately, Spain, having herself a very scanty population, could not afford to colonize well a whole continent with her own offspring; whilst the politi- cal and economical ideas generally prevalent in those dark ages, and the religious bigotry ongen- dered by her battle of seven hundred years in tho defence of Christendom against Islamism, precluded the admiision of Eurepean adventurers from other quarters. Hence it is that Guatemala has still a large pro- portion of the Indian element in its composition. {be Indian population had, nevertheless, ootained, before the indepondenoe, a certain degr ization, living in regular towns and cities, under their own municipal offizers and the paternal guar- dianship of government, and of their parochial vi- cars, cultivating the land, rearing cattle, working in manufactures with considerable skill, and de- voting themselves to every branch of trade. Al- though, naturally enough, they wore seldom al- lowed toshare in tho exorcise of political powors of a high description, thoy had always Open to thom the roads to self-improvement and distinction, both in the church and in the universities, of which they frequently becamo influential members by their vir- tues or by their learning. As to the Spanish population, they received from the mother country all that ehe had horself, all the benefits of the civilization and enlightenment sho possessed. Of course, among such benefits, the advantage of self-government (except for a few and rostrioted municipal purposes) was not to be numbered; tho reeult being that, when the connection with the mother country was sevored, there did not exist, perhaps, in all Central Amorica, a single practical statesman—nobody capable of framing an appro- priate constitution, or of conducting a government on a large scale. It is a fact, scarcely to be oredited,fthat, at the timo of the declaration of independenos, fn 1821, there was no conservativo spirit to be found any- where. As the emancipation had not been pre- ceded by any war or struggle with the old country, no military chieftain had appeared, who could keop tegether the different sections of the land by means of an army and of his own prestige—fio pub- lic man able to organize a new order of things, guided by the lessons of experionce. It bappened, therefore, that nobody entertained the idea of conservatism, and that all parties joined inthe work of demolitioa of all that was previously in existence. Theonly differonco between parties was confined to the greater or less degree of thoir innovating tendencies. They proceeded to try the wildest theories, and attempted to plant on an ua- prepared soil, political systems that had boon do- signed for highly cultivated and educated people. In fact, thoy did not know what they were about, acting liko mere children. How can wo explain otherwise their adoption of the complex institutions of the United States, for a poor country, with a seattered population, and no facilities for commu- nication ; where everything had always been under the control of public authority, of officers appoint- ed directly by the crown, without the concurrence of the people; where nobody was accustomed to self action, to free discussion, or calm deliberation, and where the value of elections was hardly com- prebended. Let usadd, that the persons charged with the trust had not a cloar conception of the institution they pretended to introduce, and it will be no won der when we say that their attempt only led to an arcby and confusion—to the splitting of a rogion formerly consolidated, ioto several weak snd Feny republics, which, indeed, are entitled to regard, for the severe ordoal through which they have had to ars. , ‘These republics are Guatemala, Salvador, Hon- duras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. ‘The first and fifth have somo time sincs assumed the character of bedise entirely independent. They are connoct- ed by a mutual alliance, and have concluded trea- ties with several foreign powers Tho other three, although practically quite as independent, havo been busy for several years, and are, up to this moment, entangled with the projeet of erectin, joint government. It appears, however, that this patriotic and most praiseworthy projoct has been jurthered by its promoters with 80 little judgment, as to be only a cource of evil, having checked the progress of those States in thoir separate or- Keeate, increased their difficulties amongat themselves and with foreign interests; and foediag at the same time an unnatural and pernicious spirit of hostility against the other two sister republics. Such is the state of affairs in those countries, late- ly risen to so great @ consequence, on account of their geographical poaitien, and which, py their rich productions are destined to become a promising field for commercial enterprise at a no distant period. Our own impression iz, that the plan of the contemplated confederacy will at be abandon- ed, and that the five republics will then be enabled to form, all together, a common treaty of alliance, and to follow the same line of policy in their foreign relations. This seems to be at present the only feasible and the simplest and wisest plan. We weuld, however, ice, if we were mistaken, and if the three allicd States were to succeedincreating an efficient common government, such as would be made secure by the attraction of its own goodness and its fitness, and conduce to the accession of Guatemala and Costa Rica to the Union. In a of their protracted troubles, it would bo a mistake to suppose that the Central American States have not advanced, as they have, more or lese, in political oxperience and in material do- yelopement. R Confiuing, for the present, our attention to Gua temala, we are going to lay before the reader some information which will perhaps appear interesting. From the dissolution of the old federal govern- ment, in 1840, the burthen of which Guatemala had almost exclusively supported, that country has boon governed (except during a short interval) by the conservative party,under the apparent dictation of General Carrera. Tho career of this chieftain appears rather fabulous, and has been, with reason qualified by somebody as @ political phenomenon, having sprung from too lowes! ranks of society and without any rudiments of education elevated him- sclf to the supreme command of a ta try, not wanting in men of superior xton- sive acquircmonts. His rise, which a! the outset, Was o mere accident, originating from the ap cor lect only to fortuitious circumstances, but to tho pos- session of some extraordinary quolitios, activity, courage, segacity, and perseverance—and abovo | all, to an instinctive love of power, unshackled by any abstract thoories or principles of government. Accident placed him at the head of the conserva- tive reactionary movement, and the repeated blun- ders and untimely efforts of the liberals to try again their discreditable and impracticable doo- trines, have maintained him in tho ascendancy. However hard the confession, it must be admitted that General Carrera, after.those deeds of a stern nature which mark his debut in public life, and which history shall record, has been instrumental in the preservation of society, the foundations of which hod been shaken by imprudent reforms In an ignorant and Catholic community, ruled taxes, to regulate the budget, to examine bah dea ral accounts of expenditares, and to enect laws, either on the recommendation of the Counsil of State, or on the motion of any of its own membas. It ¢0-operates in the election of the executive, and te the lof judge and magistrates of the nh Court of Justice. It takes cognizance of peachments against those and other high functiona- rigs, and finds bills of indictment when there is ground for a trial A Council of State, composed of the seorstaries of the eabioot, of eight mombors, closted by t House of Representatives, and of as many 0%} ag the Executive may deem advisable to appoint, amongst individuals duly qnalified, is the prepoa derating power, and is entrusted with the prepara: tion of laws _Nors.—We bolicve that the Indians have booa disfranchiged, aud restored to the privilega of minors. ‘This co-cperation is necessary for the discharge of the most important dacies of yovera mont. Severai eoclesiastical. civil, and military digai- taries are members ex officio of the Council The executive is vested in a Presidunt, elected at & meeting of the House of Representatives, the ja- diciary, the Council of State, and the Aroabishop. The Prosident appoints to all the places of the ad- ministration, has the command of the army, tho treaty-mahing, and the pardoning power. The sanction of laws, issued by the House of Reprosoa- tatives, corresponds to him. He can propose new Jaws to the Legislature, and, during its recess, ho can enact temporary regulations He declares war, concludes peace, and fies treaties. But the exercise of ail these powers requires the censent and advice of the Council, except such as are essen- tially of an administrative character. The tenure of office is alike four years for the Pretidont and the members of Congress and ma- gistrates ° After having thus presented a brief outline of the new organization given to the republic, and which it is confidently expected will secure to the Guatematiaz s the ble: a of order combined with liberty, let us mention that General Carrera has beenelected President. ‘We ehall new proceed to state other particulars, in order to give a correct idea of that country. rs commercial policy is based on tho amplest rinciples of free trade, the tariff of duties on imports being extremely low, and calculated only to raise a revenue. Religious tolerance hag become the law of tho pearance of the cholera, must not be ascribed | land, by international treaties. The emigration of foreigners is promoted and javored by the luws. ‘The government Wg ying the utmost attention to the improvement of roads and ports. A carri road has been completed from Guate- mala to Istapa, the port of entry on the Pacific, and other roads of the same description aro in the Fiscess of construction, in the direction of Santo ‘omas and of the State of Salvador. Tho com- munication between the capital and the towns of Antigua and Amatitlan have been also ameliorated for wheel vehicl The Pacific seacoast is being survayed, with a view to open a new port of entry, for tho: benefit of the western portion of the repub- lio, at or in the vicinity of Champerico. ‘The mail service has been improved, and con- stant though slow developement is to be observed in everything, evincing the natural resources of tho land and the successful exertions of its rulers ‘The national fiasnces are in a sound condition, ard arrangements are in negotiation with the bondholders for the discharge of the British debt, amounting to a little more than half a million dollars The principal exports of Guatemala are cochi- neal (12,000 to 15,000 bales) and native woollen manufactures, for the consumption of the other sister States. A large amount of forcign mor- chandite finds its way overland to the Mexican territories. Several parties of Californians have taken, on their return, the route of Guatemala, landing at Istapa, thence one hundred miles to the capital, and thenco two hundred miles to Izabal, from whence they go by watereither to Bolize or to Santo Tomas. ‘The port of entry on this side is the last mentioned one, whore a thriving settlement of Belgian colonists isin existence, although the en- terprise, we are sorry to say, has been a dead loss to the colonizing society, owing to injudicious management. The city of Guatemala being the finest town in Central America, and tho ancient capital of tho whole country, all the foreign diploma:ists credited to the Gentral American governments usually fix their residence there. Tho republic is connected, by a treaty of amity, commerce and navigation, with the United States, coscloded in 1849, the ratificationof which the Hon. Mr. Ker, Charge to Nicaragua, has been commis- sioned to exchange; but it appears that that honor- able gentleman, although he has found no govern- ment in Nicaragua to whom he could present his credentials, has not taken any step to effust that ex change, nor opened any communications with tho government of Guatemala. We shall close these hurried notes by stating that, Guatemala erjoys now a perfect tranquillity, and that, in our belief, it ie not unworthy or the notice of the enterprising public, as an advantageous field for agricultural, mining, and mercantile operations. SPECrATOR. The Interview between Lola Montes and the Indians. Corumpia House, Pamapeuraia, ? February 6, 1852. 5 James G Benner, Esq : Sin— Under the head (or rather ovar it) of ** Ma- sical and Theatrical Inte!ligence,” in tho Henan of this morning, appears an account of aa interviow which took place (accidentally) between Lola Montes and the delegation of Indian chiofs, now on their way from Washington, via this place, for their homes and hunting grounds in the rogions of the Rocky Mountains, after having had a “ talk” with their ‘Great Father,” another from the “great Hungarian,” and a benign smile and ex- pressive nod from the amiable spouses of those per- conages. ‘ I beg, as an observer, to enter my unqualified protest against that account, as being erroncous in the extreme, and ingeniously calculated to propa- gate a wrong idea of thia ** signal” interview; and, if you will allow me, 1 shall point out, respectfully, the reasons on which | base my dissent. Es You observe, after administering a little philip- ye (in the name of that lady) to the gentlemen of lew York (which nettles mo a little, as hailing from that city), that the Indian chiefs visited L. M. This is not correct, as the meeting, as I have be- fore chserved, took place quite accidentally, during a visit of the chiefs to “Roots.” You also obscrve that she bestowed several valuable pro- sents, and bad presented to her in return somo tokens. This I will dismiss by saying it is a little La acl N ae ith regard to “admitting her into their tribe, and decorating her with their most costly orna- ments,” as appears ina subsequent paragraph of your report, you are misinformed—and as to mak- ing her their Queen—why, sir, you are (or at least ought to be,) aware that the Indian language—at Jeast that spoken by these Indians—contains not a word that could be tortured into a meaning syno- nimous with that Alpha and Omega of modern loyalty—in fact, their mode of habilimonts pro- clude the idoa that they could enjoy petticoat go- vernment. The unpronouncable cognomen givon her as you state, by the chiefs, has boon first given to tho | world in your columns. | You aro not correctly informed as to the tridos | to which those chiefs belong. I shall enlighten you. There are five Sioux, three Arapahoes, threo | Cheyennes, two Ottaes, their squaws, twe lowas, | do, and not as you have thom lroquois and Paw- | pees As a rpecimen of the c ladies are held by them. is nation in which white nd with particular re- ference to your remark un Iroquois chief who had three squaws, bad failon desperately in love with her,) | will give you sn an te One of the chiely having been asked, while on thoir way here, by @ lady, if he would like to have her for a wife ’—made answer, * that though he would not ohjeot to posceasing ber, he would not have hor asa wife”—for, as bo truly satd, ‘she could not cook, | nor make abuflalo robe for him.” | may be allow. | ed to remark that the interview took placo during the absence of the gentleman, under whose charge the chiefs are placed. Requesting pardon for this trouble, and enclosing my name and address, allow me to remain Rep Jackar. | Western River News.—The Louisville Courier | of the 3d inst es that the river was at a stand last | evening, with t 9 feet water in the canal, and 0 feet in the steamboat pase om the falls, At Pittsburg, ject night, the river was falling, with 13 feet water in the channel, and the river clear of ice. At Cincinnatt | | | through the principle of blind obedience and the | controlof priesteratt, its population consisting in a spenk Spanieh, but their ancient aboriginal lan- guages, tt was indeed a desperate attempt to intro- dace suddenly, by ane enactment, the insti- tutions and customs belunging to the Anglo Saxon Protestant nations, the formation of which had tho elow work of cesturies. Free trade, reli- ti munications, ofap | character, to the Pope, or any of the sover Burope, It declares that nothing but offiet nicwtions have passed be- cween the g it says the President witl the newly { State, to which Mr. Cas- Tie London Morning I combunioate with tr {a office, the Mint 4 hua been appoint ters thro - Markets, Po% Bounsr.—Fiver Lz. 80; Lhrees, ACL, 20. Lagpge between New York and London is nomi. ne ly 100 per cent in favor of i, loaving @ small fia the trap: ld from ths United States * Theandon Tims ficates issued by the Fpent| bondholder jon of the debt which the ftfieh governs have fonolvyed to contieente, Will bfeforia be recognized at Ue Stook ue 8 to nee, trial by jury, civil marriago and civorce, universal enflrage, inoludieg the Indians contiseation of church property, abolition of monas: tie orders, marriage of the priests, direct taxation, a free pre 9 assernblies—all theee reforms were, in the short space ¢ yeor, introduced liberal party, and brought soicety to tho dissolution. We havo carefully examined tho con j lately adopted in Guatemala, by its UO Arsembly, cempured of represontatives el d by the people, end we cannot but applaud the pras | good tonge that has presid. r ite forma- lis prominent features at vile ti— legislative power is vested in a house of fifty. | five reprerentatives, elected by direct universal (rage, which is to meet evory your for eixty a Gaye, WIN ORolusive authority to great part of untutored Indians, who do not even | the river had risen 6 feet rince Lon pati night. The mouth of the canal was obstructed by ice yesterday, and boate were detained in consequence. The Ohio, Fleetwood, Swallow, Sparhawk, and others were lying in the canal last night. The packet Bostona st: other day, with an unusually leans, Bke bad 65 cabin passeng tons of hay, at $10 perton; 400 bh per head, besides other freight. must have been $ The Mobile f d from Paducah the rge freight for New Or. 120 at $25 each ad of stock, a that the Black Warrior has r tien feet at Turcaloosa, but at last ecoounts was failing was occasioned by rain above that point, T also been a considerable rise in the Tombig jnesville, also caured by rains far above Ali the 1 water ccurres sué ponds in that r oy were » bord. and it fs believed that when t ico sane | suow melt there will be quite s swell in the river. w Dscark oF FRO a Wnotr Fax ng. family par it i | Lis «from a char. | s t prior Co retiring for the cal aid was promptly oallad and proper rer ed, which bad the desired effect of tesas- Boston Journal, Oth inst | to live perpetually besieged in their town: { list of damages which Moxieo, accordis \ ta i) i) Interesting Correspondence. Our Macao Correspondence, Macao, Cuina, November 27, 1851. Tre Markets—Our Naval Squadron—The Contem- plated Visit to Japan—Intercourse with Siam— The New Governor of Macao—American Naval Di pot— Chinese Emigration to California, §c. ‘The quiet state of thingsin China, at present, cannet well provoke & letter of much interest; yot asthe columns of the Heraip are bound to oon- tain correspondonce from every kaown quarter of the globe, I will furnish you with a» fow lines. The markots for silks and teas hnve boon quite brisk, until recently, notwithstanding the high rates of exchango. Amorican cottons are now in- troduced on good terms, and will probably conti- nue ® prefitable shipment, as long as bills on Lon don are sold at the present rates. ‘Tae only United States mon of-war in the China Waters at this time are the Saratoga and Marion, sloops. Tho steamer Susquehanna has beon anx- jiously expected fof some timo, until foars are enter- tained that some accident to her machinery may have induced Commodore Aulick to return with her to the United States. On her arrival, the Marion, it is expected, will be sent home. The health of hor crew has suffered from sickness, from her first arrival on tho station, and it would havo been wiser to have had her replaced by an efficient ship months ago. Tho Plymouth, which sailed from Norfolk for China, in August last, can scarce- ly be expected before March, as sho must contend against an adverse monsoon. ‘The squadron may be employed on a visit to Ja- pan, next summer; but the most sauguine here do bot anticipate avy very advantageous rosults from an attempt te make @ commercial treaty with tho Japanese. In Siam, however, the prospects are betier. Tho old King of Siam who, in his whole life manifested a decided opposition to foreiga in novations, died shortly after tho last onsucaeasful oforts of the American and British gevernmenis to open commercial treaties with Siam, or ratbor to make former treaties of some valuo tle has been succeeded by nephew of considerab!e mental cultivation, and of onlightened views, entirely op posed to the restrictive policy of his presleabon who al nay has intimated his desire to facilitate trade with foreignors, and, in one instance, remitted dutios impoxed, against tho spirit of treaties, by tho late king. Tho squadron under Commodore Au- lick cannot be employed with greater advantage to the gcvernment than in conveying an embassy to Siam Rajah Brooke will probably be returned by the British government to renew tho attompt in which he failed eighteen months sinoo, and our goveroment should not be laggard in procuring the same advantages for our countrymen which all believe will be conceded to Kajah Brooke for the Mnglish. Itshould beobserved that Sir James has long been on terms of personal friondship with the prerent king of Siam The governorship of Maeao has again changed hands, who late incumbent (UVordoza) eel | beon very unexpectedly and mysteriously superssded by Captain Guimares, commander of Her Faithful Majesty’s corvette, Don John I., well known to the foreign residents of China. Under the ad ministra- tion of Governor Cordoza, the finanees of the colony are gaid to have improved. He certainly was indo- fatigable in levying taxos. Still, the prospects of Macao are anything but flattering. The ostablish- ment of Hong Kong has withdrawn all tho foreign trade, whilst the impolitic course pursued towards the Chinese by Governor Amasol, has driven their merchants to Wampoa, where the Iokion trade, which once centered hore, has followed. Proporty bas greatly declined from these causes, and is now held at nominal rates. Many of tho inhabitants havo deserted the place—somo for Hong Kong, the more enterprising for California—and-tho colony is yoaily becoming poorer, and poorer. The only money brought here, excopt the meager sum sent by the Portuguese government to dofray the expanses of the miliary, is what forcign residents from Hong Korg and Canton expend. It will always be a favorite resort for thoso, as it is undoubtedly the most healthy; and as regards climate, tho leasantest port to which foreigners have access in shina. In truth, the climate of Macao is surpas- singly fine. Duriog the summer, it is open to tho southwest monsoon, and the prevailing winds from the China sea, while the winters in this lativude are unobjectionable—dry, cold, and bracing. The idea of the United States obtaining posses- sion of Macao, by purchase from the Portuguose government, for & naval depot, has been enter- 1 tained by seme; but it is doubtfal whether it w be of any value tous. ‘There is no harbor, except for vessels dsawing under fourteen or fifteen feet Our men of-war anchor in toe reads, from two to five miles from the town, and have their etores sent ont to them inlorchas. Although tbis is done on moderate terms, yet it would be a sericus drawback to steamers conling here ie quite an excitement among the Chinsse n thiv distriot upon the subject of emigration. Ca- lifernia is the favor fiold; but no diffivulty oscurs in procuring Co at four duliars a month, who will agree to serve five years for that sum monthly. A boaber of ship lords have gone to Poru, where tury are employed in getting out guano. Some loacs bave gone to California, on speculation by ehippers; bat generally, those emigrating there pay their own passage, and arriving, work on their own account. Every ship from California brings num bers of returning adventurers who, in tho brief space of twelve or eightcon months, have ascuma- lated perhaps a thousand dollars, which they re- gard a competence. Most of those going leave families behind; and it rarely happens that an individual leaves with the intention of becoming a | permanent resident. A line of steamers botwoen | California and China might reckon upon the car- rying of Chinese steerago passengers as the princi- pal source of profit; and unlike steerage passengers across the Atlantic, they would go in about equal numbers both ways. Chinese Coolie laber will probably bo tried ia tho West Indios, and ifia proper bancs, will succeed. It wouldjanswor, too, | in Texzs or Louisiana, I ain satiefied, They would | be no more costly than nogroos, when good fivld hands se}! for seven or eight hundred dollars, while they are in all respoots superior to thom as work- men. As they would not expatriate themselves | permanentiy, but, after serving their term out, return, our race would not suffer by admixture with that of a distinct variety. Our Santa Fe Correspondence, Santa Fs, N. M., January 1, 1852. The Popwlation of New Merico—The Decrease of In habitants—The Indians ani the Besieged Mexi If she will but sot an exam wrongs, lives, and many millions of monoy, in the end. is better to spend five millions io ort, vigorous, and honorable war, than twice the amount in red cloth end tin cups, in buying peace from the sava- gs by the month. rtling rumors have reached us of discoveries of gold at the copper mines, upon tho Kio Gila, and the lio Francisco, a tributary of the former; bat | will not give you the particulars of thogo reports, lest, in coming here, they may have been magai- fied. Suffice it to say, we are in trembling antioipa- tion of a golden era O.. National Pals Ollice. The following bill has been iatroduced in tho llouse of Representatives of Mr. Doty of Wis- consin:— A BILL TO KSTABLISH A PUBLIC PRINTING OVFICE, AND TO PROVIDE FOR THE APPOINTMENE OF A SUR+ ERINTENDENT OF PUDLIC PRINTING. Jie it enacted by the Senate and House of Repro- sentatives of tho United States of America ia Con- greesassem bled, Chat there shall be appointed by the President, by and with tae advice and consens uf tho Senate, a Superintendent of tho Pablic Printing,who shall be a practical printer, of education and expo- rience in the business of printing, the term of whose office sba!l be for four years, unless sooner ro- moved by the lresident, or by joint resolution of the Senate aud House of Representatives, who shall receive an annual compens for his services, of three thousand dollars, and give bond to the United States in the sum of ten tnousand dollars, with suf- ficient sureties, to be approved by tho Sooretary of the Interior, for the faithful performance of the duties of bis office. Seo 2. And be it further enasted, That tho said superintendent shail take charge of and bo respon- sible for all original or other matter directed by the proper authority to be printed, and cause thesame to be promptly exceuted, as required, and shall ro- turn it in good ordor to the offieerfrom whom it was received, as may be required by such officar; and it thall be bis duty to purchase of A |}oyd Hamilton, for the United States, bis priptiog establisumentin the city of Washington, now used by him, as the public printer, at sugh price and upon such terms as they may agree; such agreement to be approved by the Seeretary of the Interior, not exceeding - thousand dollars; and also to purchase for the United States, as the samo may be required, at the usual and at reasonable prices, such presses, type, and other printing materials as may be ne ecrsary for the execuuon of all the printing ro- quired at the seat of government, by, or for the use Ol, eichor of the executive departments of govera- ment, or by either or by both houses of Congress; te employ, at the usual and proper wages, such foremen, compositors, pressmen, proof readers, and other persons, as he shall deem indispensably neoss- sary for the accurate, speedy, economical, and faithful execution of the public printing, and to dis- charge either of them for incompetency or other sufficient cause, to be stated by him on tho records of the office; to purchase by contract, after due no- tice for sealed proposals, of the lowest and best bid- der, and according to the quality of the samples to be exhibited by him, all such paper as may be no- cor sary for said printing; and to render an account annually to each house of Congress, (or oftener if required by either house,) of ali his expendituros for the purposes aforesaid. Sec 3 And be it further enacted, That it shall also be the duty of tho said superintendent to pay, on the first day of every month, all bills for tho pur- chace of materials for the use of said office; and all wagesdue to the persons employed in and about said establishment, for their labor during the pre- ceding week; and for that purpose he shall bo authorized todcaw, monthly, from the treasury of the United States, all such sums of moncy as may bo required therefor, to be ascertained by a statement thereofto be made by him, and prosentod to and approved by the Sceretary of the Iaterior; and on such approval hoe shall be authorized to receive the said sums frem the treasury. Seo. 4. And be it further enacted, That the said superintendent shall eppoiny a practical bookbinder, possessing a thorough knowledge of the business, who shall receive one thousand dollars a year for his services. And the said bookbinder may, with the approbation of the suporintendent, employ such bookbinders and other persons a; may be iadispen sably necessary to a neat, prompt, and econo mioal execution of the folding, peicohing, and biodiog, that may bo directed by law, or by the order of either house of Congross, or bo necessary to seouro together the several sheets of which a dosument may consist ; the wages of such bookbinders and other persons to be regulated by those paid for si- milar services in other bindories in the United States, and be paid by the said superintendent; and the said superintendent shall have the power to discharge the said binders aud other persons whon- ever the public interest sball require, and he shall purchate all tho materials :equired for said bind ing i the same manner as is hereinboiore direvted for the purebase of paper. see 5, And be it turthor enacted, that all print- ing directed by law, or by either of the exesutive departments of the general goveromont, in parsu- ance of Jaw, or such a8 may be necossary to the ex- ecution of Jaw, avd all other printiog direoted by the Senate or House of Representatives, or both, and ail folding, stitching, and binding required for the same or directed by law, shall bo executed at the suid public priating office, aud inthe manner required; but vo private printing or binding of any deeciiption whatsoever, or for any person or per- bons whomeoever, shall be received at or executed in the said office, aud any infraction of this prohibi- tion, by any person belonging to either of said offi- ces, bhall be deemed and acted upon asa good cause for the removal of such porson go offending from public employment. Seo 6. And bo it further enacted, That for the regulation and government of the persons, businoss, expenditures, and every other object or mattor connected with the said public printing office, rules shall be prepared by the said superintendent, tho Secretary of the Senate, and Clerk of the House of Representatives, which, when confirmed and ap- proved by the committees on printing of both Houses of Congress, ehall bo binding, and shall be observed and enforced by the said so prmneencent Sec. 7. And bo it further enacted, That the roso- lution entitled “ Joint Resolution dirooting the manner of procuring the printing for the two houses of Ooo ress,” approved August third, eighteen hundre and forty-six, shall be and the same is hereby rescinded. Letter from an American Lady in London A Visit to Professor Faraday. We published, some time since, alettor from Miss A. Clarke, Principal of the young Ladies’ Seminary, No. 10 Rutgers streot, deseribing the late Worlds’ Fair. Tho following lotter from the same lady, while in London, gives an interesting account of her visit to Professor Faraday, woll known through- cans—Annihilation of the Town of Carazal—Dise coveries of Gold, &c., §e. Now Mexico is, perhaps, the only continent heretofore under tho dominion of the de- scendants of the Anglo-Saxon race, w has suf- fered a positive decline in population, and resources. | That euch is the fact, however, no one acquaint- | edwith the subject will venture to deny. It is | portion of eur evident that the Mexican population has declined fearfully during the last twenty or thi ars. It | may bo the impetus of that r ade motion which Cortain it ricar, as well as Mexican , that tho Awmoricen portion of the population is becoming lees, day by day. Whether it be thet they are carried off by Indian murders and other casualties ent to the country, or whet'or it be that they luntarily withdraw froma spot eo ill-governed and protected, is beyond my ken tocay. Perhaps both causes are in active operation, But New | Mexico is only a small portion of a vast and unfor- tunate region of our continent. Iver since the acquisition of Mexican indepondence, that corrupt and ignorant people have been undergoing a pro- cess Of rapid decline, and, in the northern part of the republic, of rapid annihilation. At the break- ing out of the Mexican war, the aborigines had virtual ownership of the n rihern two-thirds of the Mexican republic; and, at this moment, the red man, rather than the descendants of the Spaniards, have poesession of the States of Sonora, Sinoloa, Ohibuahua, Zacateca, Durango, and parte of others In all these States tho Mexicans may bo truly ve , as they cannot travel, or even till their fields, without con stant danger—the men of being dostroyed, (ae wo- mon of being led into oaptivit f The decline of Moxico (her neople boing entiro- ly incapable of eelf government) ever the duys of the Vice royalty, bas been go euddon and rapid, as porhaps to be without a paralicl in tho history of nations. Should not the United States, or some European power, very soon take po'#ossion of the defunct republia, it will again become tho soil of jan, and peradventure, asothor Montezuma in Mexico to fil @ prediction to t it 8 Said, amon ¢ tribe ‘© been inde ately received here that tho tow hostate of Chihuahua, has been re by the Apaches, or literally * wiy homely but vory expressive ky phrase. It is believed that our Apaches did t deed, which will constitute a handsome i ir caty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo, must present to | ing. } ang nited States government, as t wluntarily re- ponsible party o of our hostile Indian tribes. ¢ ho diflsience between an ol env 6 i Will the govern 4 stiso |v out the world for his scientific researches. Lonpon, 1851. Ihave thus far seen vory little of L:nglish socie- ty, allmy time having been occupisdin sight seo- ‘As my stay in London was un having to choose betw forred ing the ci jvaintance with tion. A day, however, w: friend for me to secom pai fos Faraday, Presid Institution, in which Humphrey Davy. My friend ha mission to introduce aa Amerie name being known to the profess nt into which we had b: ushored, and bade ws welcome, wich the air and ease ofan quaintance. He desired to know how he should best entertain wy part, [requested | to be permitted te beautiful colle tice, natural, We were fo our rounds tion to what bo ¢ ris not as large as | have eeen elsewhere io Engiand, though the specimens Bre alichesen, and happily arranged, and come of them of great value. There was one spocimon of colored uartz, which we were y requested to observe, £0 large, and the wondor ully arrenged, that I think Ishould have noticed it with- out a guide. | have seen amethysts before in ool lections of minerals; but suoh epeci must be sparingly produced in n t eeid eur friondly guide, “oa me from South Amorica Tuough a geologist and a chemist of great Protersor Faraday’s oblef attention, for som! has been almost exclusively devoted periments in galvanisim and elvetri science he bas enriched by some of minerals and oth: which the room was i the profe ve particularly the e) gaccs. Probably in this dep Proveceor Faraday know: edtbat it was yet ivi with the world, and © properties would bo as aud that then fome of i ynow ars, He told u absorbed by his favorite that 0 you erenso ia th wh fi or tock grea ained us with he pre Ho ontert by aven; hor she qill save many hundreds of ita Gj ig nhand to each, aud cvliog us both by } ach egseanble conversation on his favorite He spoke of Prefessor Silliman, and sthece of oar ecientifio men with t respect, complimen'e1 ag on eur advancement in science, our pros; and our political ition among the nations of the carta. He told us that Mrs. Somerville had left Londoa, “Ihe ~3n ib a zs libs = oom tly of ore is here rary, consisting mos books on scientific subjects. I could but wonder how wise ono would be whose hoad was stored with their contents. Ag if by intuition, asing at my |ntiquarian task, the professor called me to loo! @t ® watch hanging upon the wall, once the property of (Jueen Elizabeth. This relic was presented to the institution by one of its royal members; but it seemed to me to be rathor out of place here. It Would better grace the British Museum, incom with ove of Cromwell’s ; they aro very similar— both small—are of an oval shape, with an outer case of chased gold detached from the watch, but whether worn with it or not [do not know. I con- clude, however, from tho (Qusen’s fondness for display, that she wore her's uncovered, as it is studded with jowels; and asshe is known worn her watch outside of her dreas, infer that she hung it there as an ornament. ir present Cel good sense teaches her to appear 48 a private lady when she gees out; but Elizabeth could never fe abroad without appearing the Queen. The i:nglish appear to have taken groat pains to obliterate all remembrance of Cromwell; the watoh in the British Musoum, and his old carriage at the Horse Guards, aro all the relics of him that 1 recollect to have sven. On our way to the lecture room, we passed through the portrait gallery, where bung, among other distinguished contributors to science, the portrait of Sir !umphroy Davy. This picture oo cupies @ very conspicuous place over the mantel- pare, 1lis face is florid, with features rather small; ut hie head is remarkably fine, with @ covering of dark brown hair. His doep, clear blue eye is se penetrating, so beautiful, that it haunts mo yet ; Indeed, tho whole face has euch a power of expres sion as affords undeniable evidenoe of its truthful- ners ‘I’nis picture, we were teld, was taken whem Sir Humphrey was about forty yoars of age; but by what artist | do not now remember. In the lecture room I saw over the professor's desk a cotice that he was soon to commence hia winter course of lectures on galvanism and olectri- city. How | longed to be one of his admiring lis- tenors! He informed us that the seats were genoral~ ly Glled—that many of the nobility, including even Prince Albert himself, who wore members of the institution, were often among bis audience. We told Professor Faraday that he was no stranger in America, and that we would ingure him hearty welocme upon our ehores. Ilo replied that nothing would gratify him more. He insisted that ours was agreat and a growing country—that there wae touch in her miceral wealth attractive to the sta- dent, but that his professional as woll as bis domes- tic carcs, but more than all, his aga, would prevent hie ever vonturing 80 far from home, ‘ for,” said he, “*1 am almost sixty-four.” But for this gratui- tous piece of information on tho subject of his age, no one would have tuken hin to be past the prime of middle life. His person, which is not above tha middle size, is quite pleasing—his ruddy, unwrin- kled face set off by large hazel eyes and fine teoth. ‘The vivacity of his manner aad countenance, aad the elasticy of his step, bospeak him “strong for ser- vice still, and unimpaired.” {t is true his * head ig silvered o’er, but not necessarily with ago,” for gray hairs have long ceased with me to be an in- dex of years. After an hour or two spent with this great man, wo left him, undevided which to admire most, his gentlemanly deportment, his leaming, or his modesty, for, from his unassuming manner, one would not suppose that ho was at all awaro of his name being known beyond the precints of his own laboratory. 1 shall have to dofer a desoription of my visit to the Koyal Observatory at Greenwich, for a letter. On a subsequent visit to York, I loarned that I enjoyed a privilege in visiting the Observatory which is genorally denied to English- men. One distinguished astronomer told me he had nover been admitted—that all visiters except foreigners were jealously excluded—so you may re- alizo how much | prize the privilege whichI, as an American, was permitted to enjoy. A.C. South w of Intervention lasters, Carolina V by 8 [From the Charies 4 We learn by the last Now York papers that the Central Hungarian Committee, organized while Kossuth was in that city, have just recoived from the engravers proof sheets of a new currency, which is apparently expected te do what the great Mag- yar has rather failed in effectin, by his spoeches, raise afundfor the revolution of ungary. The notes, we aro informed, are of the denominations»of $100, $50, $10, FS and gl. On the larger ones, it is also said, Kossuth will condesoend, to write his name; the emailer ars to be authenticated by am engraved fac similie, and all to be adorned with his portrait, which is pronounced a capital like- ness, sud whieh, wo venture to add, was nover pieced in @ more characteristic situation than ag tho representative of funds that have no exiatence, and of promises to pay, that are certain never to be made good. It should be observed that the notes aie made payable by the governmontof Hungary on the establishment of a republic The New York Courier & Enquirer, in com- menting on this latest specimen of hypothetical banking, finds in the Caban sorip of ‘Gov. Lopos” the only parallel. 1¢ seems to us a great advance even upon that. For the Gubansorip was prepared with secrecy aod was negotiated among gamblers in chances rather than with the public. But this appears to be a piece of plain “freo banking”--aa assumption of the right to coin meney. Kossuth has had experience in this lino. The Hungarian armies, during the late war, were sus- tained solely by the paper currency, which he is- sued to che extent of many millions. We remem- ber that one of the most pathetic of his letters was addreseed toGen. Bom, setting forth the immense labor of signing his name to these notes, and the imporsibility of making his stamping machine go faster than the laws of mechanics allowed. After such trials, wo were prepared for his rather rough refueal to give his autograph to the crowds of para- sites that besethim in New York. We aaid, he had had enough of writing his signature. But we gave him only a very imperfect credit in the matter. ‘This creation of a grand shinplaster revolutionary currency was even then devised. Kossuthhad come to set a value upon his autograph; he had paid armies with it; he destined it for exploits no less grand in the future; it was his stock in trade—his exchequer—his sinews of war. ‘To ask him for his koyipu, Hd as was in fact little better than offering to steal bis purse, andit is not surprising that he re- pelled it almost as an insult. He evidently had it in hisheart to say—the fools expect me to gwve them to-day what | shall to-morrow ask to sell, and to sell at a round price too! U, 8. Clreult Court, ; iefore Hon, Judge Betts, Purloining Letters—Five Years’ Inprisonment.—Jamen Varese. Jr.,9 young man of respectable appearance. wh bad pleaded guilty, come months ago, to an indictment | charging him with purloining a letter from the Post | Office, was brought up for semtenca, Judge Batts, ad- dressing the accused, said: I have received a letter frous the President, decliuing to grant you a pardon, and the | District Attorney bas called upon the Court to pro- | | | ounce tentence on You were indicted, in April last, by the nd Jury, for the offence of putloining fre t Office # package which was being tr through the mail. There were other against you, end you | plesded guilty been in prison ever since | Waiting the rev cation in your behalf; but | the President rees no re. should intertere, | The offence eubjects you to imprisoum of | not lets than twe years, nor more than ten but from the number of | the ituictmer you, and the character of the Gffenes, tha Court will be constrained not to pass upom you s mere nominal punishment, { shull take into consi- Oera the time you have been in prison, and the very strong recommendation io your favor, ard saa order you te be impritoned for a period of five years, The young man y dowucast, and was then removed Jcom the ¢ bell. Lethrop ve. A B. and K L. Allen, for injury done tho plaintiff, by break~ ing and causing the lors of his leg, cha jury rendered a tceled verdict in favor of the plaintiff, for $500 and coste. Superior Court—Part 2nd, Lefire Hon. Judge Campbell, Frn. 9—Daniel McCauley vs. Thomas Carnly Sheriff. fc.— This wes an action brought by the plaintiff against the defendant, for the recovery of five horses, valued at over $1,6(0, alleged to be wrongfully detained by the de- fendant, having been levied upon by the eet erate (under an execution ireued upon a j adgment reo ia the Bupreme Uourt, by Erastus 8. Tracy, against Wile liam Mertin, on the 25th Febraary, 1851, for $619 72 cents) avd sold for about $1,025. For defence it was al- leged thet the horses were not the property of the plain- til, but belonged to Mr Willem Martin, in whose stables they were at the time ofthe levy Adjourned. a U.S, Marshal's Office, +o. 0—John Hanson, Oharies Swift, John Brown, George Lewis, Edward Wilson and Lawrence Morrie, were to-day arrested for endeavoring to make a revolt om board bark Hel a Antwerp, John A. bi n, 05 sea on 2ith Deo. last, coming Were committed for examination. wn, who has been in castody for several nt for cruel and unueual punish c. Hathaway. his day arraigned, and was admitted to bail in $1,000 xt (erm ting the trom the wre: ated are Hoary rand Atigustas B, Hitealar, Jamucl N, Dixey, master 0 allogos that’ eae ship gas Bay, on ths Coast of 50, where she was P uatives butt was afterwards io. Twenty thousaad silver sivg, aud the con. rik haying appropriated ‘The examination of the case th 1, be comtinued tals foseno0m,— Boston Cowrier, Th inet,