The New York Herald Newspaper, February 7, 1852, Page 3

LECIURD SHASON. Dr. Baird’s Lecture at the Brooklyn Fe- male Academ y-—Subject, History of Ger- many and Hungary. ‘Tho lecturer opened his discourse by a recapitu- lation of the latter portion of his precoding lecture, referring to the politioal and social condition of Sweden and Norway. Me considered that the long constitutions! existence of these countries fitted them more than avy others in Europe fora republi- ean form of government. They have their own armies and navios—have the advantages of educa- tion—all the inhabitants boing able to read and write, and aro accustomed to meet in their towa- ships and conenlt together as to the operation and tendency of the laws. Tho Norwegians in olden times were fn the habit of meeting en masse in tho valicy ja, to clect a king, who was then eonreeratcd oll on his head in the Orion- tal £ ico has been discontinued for seve val centuries, Lut it is very interesting to visit thore coronation stones which are still pro- @orved. Not this valley are also the tombs Odin Thor snd bis ter. Denmark has a navy , and that of Sweden is still larger. ‘The navy of Norway is mall, and in this country a> they bave, as yet, norniiroads, The arp y n and Norway numbers forty thousand men, and that of Doomark fifty thousaad. 3 now a constitutional monarchy which ees of time, Lecome a good one. As to of government is very anti- nd yet they understand constitutional very noarly prepared for uai- versal suffrage, for whiah Nozwoy is also quito pra- pared. Nowasto(iormeny. You are awaro it is contains forty or fifty mil~ Hows of a populati are of Teutonic origina. It may be convenienttor nee to talk of extending her boundaries to the |: hine, but rivers are not the boundaries of natious. (a the contrary, it will ba always found thet tic pooplo on both rides of rivers are of the same ince, ond, sherefore, the Germans with good reason call the Rhino “our river,” are very proud of old Father [thiao. As to Aus! it has no more than nine millions of people that speak the German language, and yet the govern: ment is emphatically ‘terman, and tho empire is ruled by the House of Hapsburg. Thirty-seven mil- lions of people are thus realiy governed by nine orton milliors—five millions of Poles, and fifteen millions of Hungarians, (none of whom are Germans, with the exception of ubout a hundred thousaad, tho de- scendants of a Germun colony which went into ‘Trapeylvania in tho eleventh coutury, and who speak tho old Saxon language, and call the colony Saxon Land), and five millions of psople in Italy ard Lombardy, and about twelvo millions more of Sclayonic races, are governed by Austria. Js is strange that such a state of things doo oxist; just imagine twelve anda half millions of Germnas (in- cluding afl the population of Moldavia and Boho- mia) undeztaking to govern the rost of that ompire. it cannot last long. live or six years ago, whon | was here before, | suid that thet empire must soon come toanend—-that it was doomed to perdition. ‘The House of Hepsburg isthe most wicked house in} the world, and the day of vengeance must come, and that empire must be broken to piocos. ‘The German party will coalesco with the Germans, and the other partios wiil look out for themselves; Hua- ‘ary will gain her own independence; Gallicia go Back to Poland; and Lombardy and the Austrian perenne inItaly go back to Italy. Austria may old them together for a while louger, by keeping up animmense army, but its oxistenoe cannot las to the end of the present century. [did not thiak, five or six yoors ago, that suck tremendous disturb - ances Would come so soon, bat | am quite sure that before ton yoars pass away the disturbance will come again, and it will this time be an effectual ono. As to Germany, it contains thirty-seven difleront States, taking in Austria and Pras- sia, and the emall kingdom of Bavaria, with its four willions ot inhabitants, and tho small kingdom of Wurtemburg, with its two niillions, and tho little kingdom of Saxony, with its one and a half millions, and the kingdom of Hanover. Germany has thus six kingdoms; but Prussia and Austria are the most important, and really dominecr over all Germany. Take away these six monarchies, and you have four free citi which ara little republics inthemselves--thase aro Lubeck, Frankfort, Premon and Mambarg, which are the remaizs of the old Hanso cities, and are mixtures of aristocracy and democracy--thoy are wory well governed, but the mashinery is antijuat- ed.” Take away theze four free cities and add therm to the six kingdoms, and thea you have ten distinct Foversignties. esides these there are twenty- seven dutchics in Germary——there had been twenty- eight, bat one of them has been absorbed into Pras gia. Now, vhenyou think the: Gormany is noso; rt part-ns largous ths United States, and that it has a great many govornmentsin proportion to its extent, what would you cay whenit hal, abont fifty ears ago, not thirt: ven, but throe hundred and {fty-tour governments. ‘These little governments are gone--Prussia has ewallowed up a great many of them, and so havo ust Bavaria and Wur- temberg. If the Germans do not unite all these eople under one government, either a constitu. ional monarchy, or good republic, if they do not bring that abou! very soon, ail] have to say is that the Germans are a very contemptible ra Ita nation like the Germans, with intelligense, courage and virtue--and one-halt of them, too, Protestants --are willing to be slaves, and submit to have thirty-seven governments over them, they are worthy of it; but they wi!l not remain so--they will ihrow off the yoke, and enter into a protective con- federation. As for wishing to form a great Ch of Germany, (such as they talked of in 1318,) like to tho old one, and to place an emperor over the head of those thirty-seven different governments, I never heard anytking so absard, nor could any- thing so ridiculous enter into tho head of sensible men--it is simply not possible—it may suit Ger- man motaphysiciars and dreamers to imagine such agovernment, but it cannot suit practical undor- standings. No; the people must sweep overboard the whole of the governments alfogethor, and if the eople don’t know what to do with thom, let them fe sent over here, and taught to work. | have sometimes thought that if Joseph Bonaparte had lived Ienger, he ought to have kept a boarding house, and entertain bis European friends in 1} dentown. As to ilungary, it is a most remarkable gountry in its physical appearance, having moun- tains forming its northern and southern boundaries. Dr. Baird pointed out on a large chart the topo- graphical position of the Carpathian range of moun- tains; the courses of the Danube, Theiss, &o. The land ia exceedingly fertile, and they have minerals and salt mines in groat abundance, He next ad- verted to the early history of Germany. When the Romans came in contact with the Germans, the country was covered with forests and poorly cal- tivated-—the inhabitants were a warlike people, and cared more for their horses and cattle than for agri- culture. ‘They were a very brave, fine lookiag peo- ple. The description which Julius Cesar gave of thom in his ‘Commentaries,’ will hold good to this day. ‘I'ncitus has also described thom with great accuracy. ‘They were then the same blue eyed and white haired race as they are now. When Julius Cesar went to conquer Gaul, he found that the Germany had just begun to cross the Rhine. They came over to assist tho Gauls against the Romans, but in fact to dispo tho Gauls. Julius Csar undertook to drive them back, and crossed over to Germany and fought two or three ba h them—bat he made no long ‘stay there. After his day, the Romans went on wit she work and conquerod them. ‘Tho Germans wore then commanded by Armineus or Hermann. The Romans hold tho country for hundred years, and introduced laws and civili y Roman families over emigrated to (Germany, Jt is worthy of remark that the Romans awent to Germany via Gaul. Tho Sclavonians drove the [tcomane out of the valley of the Danabo what is now Hungary, and finally from Mee iteolf. At last e master appeared who controlled all these reces, and that was Charlemagne, who held hia court in Aixlachapelle. ore he is buriod and ‘where his throne is yet to be scen. In Charlemagno’s timo there woe a great dea! to be done in Ubristianiz- ‘ing the Sazons. Uhariem: compelled them to be baptized in the rivers cm Charlemagne died be left his vast empire to alt threo sons, ono of wbom reigned in Germany, one in France, and one 4m Northorn Italy. ‘Tho Honso of Hapsburg com-| menced to reign about the yo 0. They area Swiss family, and oven to this day thoy own pro- werty in the North of Switzorland. A branch of this family having romoved to Austria, one of its memb¢rs, Rudolph, was elected Emperor, and his aon Albert succeeded him. ‘Che Emperor of Gor- many was then at the hoad of the Germanic Von- vederation. The Diet consisted of somo thousand membors—landgraves, nobles, Vpritcted bishops, and archbishops, &o. ‘This Diet generally met in Hatisbon, hut had no fixed placo of meoting; for instanco, they metin Worme, whore Luthor appeared 2 to dotend himself from tho charge of . They met also at Spires aad at Augs- where Melancthon appeared betore them. kind of confederation kept Germany quiot war. 1b was disturbed, how- ovor, in later ‘Tnoy had wars with the Poles, the s,and also with Franco. This disturbed when the kingdom of Prussia xt 150 years sg. ‘This house originated i hn. There havo been st was l’rederick, who will, ia pre Sweden their form quated, government, and are ‘Th and preven and wit’ ‘State w: \rore, A with the how x kings of Prussir reigned in 1703. P. ry ond & wars, with the Emperor, and wit Matia Theresa. ‘The lectarer then reverted to Hungary. Tho Magyats camo in tho ninth century, an wrested Selavonians, whom they drove tho country from the 9 iad, aud (coaled O8 A Quaquod 1 the Wy iaiaiad, tion, hut very few | , | hindrances. —— ople for several hundred years. Thero is ne quoe- Howat all but that the Magyars raled ovor thom with a strong hand esa conquered race, and treated them with great injustice, as is always the cso. Tho Megyars became Christians in the tenth or eleventh century, and were governed by a conatitu- tional monazchy. Andrew gave the people what is called “the Golden Bull”—a cha of rights, which is nearly as old asthe Maglish Magna Charta. Thoy had a representative govorumont, and a perfect Diet, consisting of two houses—the upper heuse numbering more members than the lower. In the olden time the Magyars were the only people who occupied places in the Viet; bub inthe late revolution the leadcrs were impressed with the injuetico of their exolusiveness, aad were determined to abolish all distinctions of rases, and put the Sclavonians on the eame level with them- selves. Koreuth and other enlightened men saw that if anything were to bo expe sted from Hungary none of the people should be governed as serfs, bat raised up to the rank of freemen. Hungarian lead. ers in modern times comprehended well what was to be done. Tho monarchs fora long time had va rious capitals, but in a later time rosbare (which isnear to Austria) was made the capital by tho cunning of Austrian policy. You may wonder how didit happen that Hungary had anythiog to do with Austria. I will tell you. Aftor maintain- ing an independent existence fora long time, the Hungarians bad a tremendous war with tho Turks, and in their Jast great battle thoy lost their mo- paich, Louis li. There was thon no heir to the crown except a lady—-the king’s sister—who was to sveceed him. She married, in 1526, Dake Fer- dinand, brother to Charles V., Mmporor of Ger- many, and who was, at the samo timo, King of Spain, undor tho title of Charles the L., and also King of the Netherlands. Charles abdicated his throne, and bis brother Ferdinand, who was King of Hungary, was elected Emperor of Germany, 60 that he, at the same time, governed theso two countries under different laws. Ho couid not do as imperor of Germany what he could do as King of Hungary. ‘The house of Hapsburgh, after a while, got possession of Bohemia also. ‘Ihe Hungarians justly say that they came into Austria, not asa conqucred people; and that Anstria was nothing ia comparison to Hungary and Trassylvania. Lver since the Hungarians bave been droadfally oppress- ed and miegoverned, and | do not wonder chat they felvuggrieved Bus yet they werea brave and loyal people, end held up the House of Hapsburgh when it would have been otherwise ruined ; aad now you sce how they have been treated in retara for their bravery and loyalty. The lecturer then gavo a discarsive account of the rocial condition of there countries, the extent of the railways, the character and population of the principal cities-- Vionna, Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, &o. Gormany is a delightful country to travel in, it you know the longuage. Edacation has made immense progress in ib, and all classeg are intelligent. 11 contains twerty four universities, and ell the oities have excellent scholars; but latterly these have been paying mere attention to politics than to literature. He then reviewed the history of Prussia, and gave a succinct account of the threo wars of Fredozrick the Great. The mostromarkable and most disas- treus war in Germany was the religious war, which continued for thirty years, and at its close, the population of Germany was reduced to one-fourth what it had been at its commencement. Ilo ad- vertod to tho military talonts and achicvements of Gustavus Adolphus, King ef Swedon. He abolished the old match-locks and introduced the flint locks, by which means tho power of his army was in- oreneed threcfold. He also had the bayo- nets placed on tho side of the muskot, instead of a8 heretofore, in the muzzle. Afier his wars came those of l'rederick the Great, and subsoquent- ly the war of Napoleon. Tho victories of tho latter in Germany he briefly nerrated; Napoleon gained the batties of Marengo, Austerlitz, and.Jena, aud bad tho Prussian monarchy at his fect from i806 to ISM. From the treaty of Varis,in 1814, Prussia had no war till 1318. The old German empire wa3 overthrown in 1806, and never since restored. Francis JI. then assumed the title of Ewperor of Austria. ‘Tho lecturer sketched the revolutionary doings of 1548, and the part which Kossuth played in them. He believed that Kos suth was not a Magyar—his mother was a (Herman and his father a Solave. Asto Gorgey, there was no donying hii great military talents, but he was jealous of the isflaence of Kossuth; instead of marching right en to Vienna, he spent time use- lessly at Buds, and gave the Russians an opportu. nity to march their army of 150,000 men into the country. Evon then he might have joined Bom and Dembirskiin the South, and overcame their encmices, but, instead of doing so, ho cut his way threugh the Russian army, and got himself into an inextricab!e position, where he had to surrender his army at Villargos, and the other leaders, Kossuth, Bem, and Dembinski, crossed over to Shumla, end solicited the hospitality of the Turks. He (tho Jecturer,) had been lately at Pesth, sud he could assure them that uth was extremely popula there, no matter what people may say to the con trary. Ho did not ¢ that Korsuth mado some ‘kes, but mittekes were anavoiiable where thing hadto b. y Hungary no army, no oflic so noar to that great power ot ja. Had Russia been a thou- sacd miles off, ary would have echicved ber independence; or, if Franco had done what sho | ought to have done, and what she did do und Lamartine, in 1848, when she saidto Ru Ky, must not set a footin Hungary,” andthe Em roplied, ‘*neither must you seta foot ia I do you think that Iussia would have set her foot across the Carpathian mountains. Hungary wae thus lost through the want of havinga man at the bead of affairein France. ‘There are soven milli of Roman Catholics in France, most of thom noble people, and they stood nobly by Kossuth. More than half of his officers were Roman Catholics, among whom was Louis Batthyani. Gorgey, he was sorry to say, was a Protestant. Tho Sclaves throughout Hungary came into this struggle more than has beon represented. Most of them joined Kossuth, but the Croats and the inkabltants of Sclayonia wore opposed to him, on acsouat of Aus- tria fomenting disturbances among them. Ono of the most signiGeant facts in favor of tho Hungarian cause, Was that the Jews rallied round it, though, in 1£90, they refused to assist the Polos. A very reinarkable thing in Hungary was, that tbe Rus. sians wore instructed by the Emperor to treat the people kindly, and they did e0; and in consequence, the Hungarians bave ten times as much respect for the Niussians as they have for the Austrians. The lecturer then passed to tho philosophy of re- organizing Germanic societies. He considered that every effort made to raise any class, must be one which has its beginning, and middle, and end, in the elevation of the persons themselves, and not of their political position. As the Jows in Europo and the colored races in America, if youtake them up and let them mingle with us, you will not have elevated them. ‘That which elevatesa man is what changes himself, not what changes his place. Therefore, if there be a philanthropist who socks to elevate them, he must go down to them, and bring them the light of the gospel, and teach and sstruet them—develope their intelligence, skill, nd moral power, and when men aro thus dovel- oped, you need not trouble yourselves about their rank. It does not require divers to go down to the bottom and lift the cork—the cork wili come to the top itself; aud morai man asks no adventitious aid—he will always come to his right place in so- ciety. Therefore, the simple law of Christians is this—take away from every class cvery unlawful obrtruction—bring out their education, the mcans of devolopement—and givo them no favor and no Eduente them, and thego things wi take care of themselves; but ali attempts to bri men up otherwise fail, because they aro founded ono falee philosophy. Lecture on Temperance, by the Hon Onnries H, Delavan—Appalling Pletureo Great Britain. On Thursday evening, the Hon. Choa. H. Dela van delivered an exccedingly interesting lecture on temperanes beforo the Mechanics’ Institute, at Clinton Hall. The meeting was respoctably at tended, and a goedly portion of the fair sex gave, by their presence, a stimulating influence to the cause. On the platform, noar the lecturer, we no ticed the Presidont of the Mechanics’ Institute, Doetor Peck, Colonel J. D. Harris, and Alderman Purdy. Mr. Detavan having made some complimentary remarks upon the undoubted energy ofthe members of the city of Now York Mechanics’ Institute, pro- ceeded to say :—Intemporance, in its most compro- hensive usc, denotes, as is well known, excossive indulgence of the senses, or of the faculties of tho mind; while temperance may be fairly considored as that combination of moral propensity constituting gonoral virtue, being just tho degree of songual and intellectual indulgenco which is according with tho designs of nature. Perhaps, of all tho ephomeral races that havo sucoostivoly inherited the earth, from the day that Eden’s gates were closed to the proeent time, not one individual, save the Messiah himgolf, has been an unqualified obsorvor of the rules of temperance. All havo boon, and are in some dogree intemperate in their indulgence of one or more partioular inclinations, cach having a passion of more or less invetoracy. Tho man, fer example, who abstomiously governs his appo- tite for food and drink, may be intémperato in tho exerelse of his intellectual or Pian powers; whilst ho who governs both with discretion may bo notoriously intemperate in his love of powor, wealth, or fame. Many illustrations may be founc in tho biographical records of history, and oven the observations of every day's oxperience; but in- fee aan in the abstract is what I purpose to speak of this evoning—namely: the intemperance vy winking. Dusing the wavie Wty gi mrad, lula | of intemperance. Whils | andthe presont state of Brite pbysical constitution is subject to one continual change. He is not for one minute of his existencs composed of the same atoms essentially, and io three score years and ton, it is calculated he changes his whole syatem ten times—thatis to say, about once in every seven years. Lvery organ— overy atom of the animal system participates in the actions of the body, and is conssquently sub- ject to wear and tear, and hence the neces: ty for the reproduction—for, were there none, the body must be reduced to a skeleton in a vory slorc PS riod—just as a garment through contiaual wear is made thin and threadbare, there being no meant in it of supplying the portion of the fibro wora oft. To replace this waste in the animal evonomy, food and diluents have been provided, and a cdmplex eystem of organs and functions contrived to prepare aud bring the food to the state required for catering into the composition of the living body. The prin- cipal organs concerned in this work are the mouth, stomach, intestines, liver, heart, and lungs; in the fizet the food iv immediately brought ia contact with the tecth, by which it 13 pulverized if dry, 23 bread, or cut or torn into fibrous particles it flesh. A flow of saliva or spittle always accompanies the process of mastication, which, mixing with the food forme it into a pulp, when it is passed down the wsophagus or gullet, and reovived into the stomach or organ which, ia shapo, has boen com- pared to the belly of a bagpipe. Thouga death hss been decreed egsinet all flesh, tha moans of deferring or hastening it are at our command; ag We sow, We expect toreap, and in like mannor wo must expect our physical frames to eudure accord- ing to the mode wo treat them; if we replenish them with poisoned air, pe ned fiaids, sad im- proper solids, we mustlock foran eurly and proma- ture death; if thesupply be of natuce’s parity wo shallaie, but naturally, Mr. Delavan proceeded to illustrate his lecture with plates, showiag the elects of aloohol on the buman stomach. Lae drawings presented a dojineation of the principal morbid changes praduced upon the stomach by in- temperance, and which Mr. Delevan hoped mignt have some eflect in deterring the vamperate from the use of alcobolic poison. Taose drawiags were allernately placed beside © painti f healthy stomach, in order to contrast tho di pines of diseuto ari from tbe use of liquors n respect to drink, said Mr. Dolavau, wator is the only fluid which does not possess vitiating or av i least stimulating que ities, and in proportion as we rise in the seale vi potation from table beer to ar- dent spirits, in the same ratio we educate the stomach and bowels for that state of natural sonsi- bility which, in civilized life, will sooner or later intervene. It is by this moderate drinking that the appetite of the inebriate is first acquired, tor by nature man has no taste or desiro for alchohol. 1 is as unnatural and averse to his constitution, as to that of the horse or ex: nor is there any apolosy for its use by mar, that doea not equally apply to the brute. ‘Tho last plate represented the appear- ance of the stomach of ‘d ywho dios in a state of mania or delirix is. Tho history of the case from which this wing was mado, and which ocourred a few years since, will illustrate the character of tho disease und the morbid condition of tho stomach. Tho subject was a man, amiable ia disposition, courteous in mannore, and high ia pub- lic Jife. By degrees he became intemporate, and although he drank, his excessive indulgence was confined to paroxysms of greater or lees duration. Several times during the continuance of theso paroxysms he was drawn into ao stato of delirium tremens, but from which he soon recovered. At lengih one of those paroxysms eame on him, which was of longor duration than usual, and of greater soverity. For mora than a week his mind was entirely deranged, and it required two persons to confine him to his room. He imagined that his nearest friends wero his greatest enemies and perescutors, and wore constantly laying plans for his destruction. He fan- cied that he saw spectres and dovils, and files of urmed soldiers entering his apartment, doadly eor- pents crawling over his body, and wild beasts ready todevour him. The late great and good Sir Asi- ley Cooper—than whom no one was better qualified to give an opinion on the subject—has declared, **1 never sufier ardent spirits in my houve, thiuking them evil epirits; and ifthe poor could witness the white livers, the dropsies, tho ehattered nervous systems, which | have seen, as tho consequencos of drinking, thoy would be aware that spirits aad oiscns are synonymous terms.” It igaremarkable act, and one from which the rulers and lawgivera of cur enlightened country would do well to acsept a lesson for practical purposes, that each one of the universal empires was remarkable for habits of tem: peranco in its originand for intemperanoy at its jal. Agsyria—the fate of this mighty empi sents an awful example of the prostrat temperate, the As bad conquered every enemy, and brought vassalage almost every known country, making Assyria 2 name for power and magui the surrounding natioxs; but, as in all othor clining empires, intemperaoce hero loosened tho reigns of power and prostrated its to the duit. Ninevah was once and glory of the Enst. Whilst its inbabitants had been e ti of nations which, like a giant, it hed tro foot; but no sooner had its habits beon for intemperance, than those very na‘ nd laid it prostrate, its inhabitants p sword, and its voluptuous end effoimina’ slain in the midst of bis profligacy. then went on to show that Bu empire, end Rome itse fell by intemperance. betwe: the Roman empire, sometime dition of 8 to its fall, , there seems to bo one striking point of resemblance. The powor of the former, while weakened by its extension, was also undermined at home nperate habits, despoiling its peopie of their characteristic velor and hardthoed. Such is the case with Britain. The immense posseseions she has ac- quired, and the cost of maint: down her energies like tho n either hand che grasps a pole, and stretches herself from west to cast, to intain her territorial pos- sessions, while her vitais are festering in corrup- tion, and her morai con: tion is being corroded by the ulcers of intempsrance. That the British empire is fast approaching its crisis, the signs of the times sufficiently indicate; almost each suczes- sive yoar, for a long period, boen adding to the extent ofits dominions, at tho same time thatit has added to its weakness. ‘he Komane dicsated to, and whipt the world, as far as it was known to the ancients, but their dominions fell far short of tho extent of the territory which, at the present day, is subject to British rulo. The eun never sets upon the empire of Britain, butin every period of rovoly- ing time, shines upon one part or othor, a fact whercof no other nation can boast. As with the an- cient mistress of the world, so with britain, until ehe had a conflict with brother Jonathan on thosea, since which time Britannia does not, nor cannot, rule the waves. (Laughter and applause ) The entire population ot the British isles numbers about twea- ty-cight millions, and these have to maintain an empire conquered and wrested from others twice the size of the continent of Europe. An analysis ofthe moral and social state of theso masters of s0 large a portion of the world would be curious and bomiliating, inasmuch as it would expose the littlo- nese of their greatness, and be instructivo, since it would show the physical feebleness of Britain. Virst, then, there are four hundred thousand persons living at large in Great Britain, whose lives are do- voted to Jawlessness and villainy, tho proportion of these characters to the population being one in seventy. ‘There are five hundred thousand dru ards, the proportion being ono ia fifty. Desi theee, ono hundred thousand pe tt in prison, being one in two hui Forty thousand Britains aro lume. Two millions have at inmates of workhouses or in tb lief, but estimating one m average for the United Kingdo je one totwenty-eight Pauperi crime combined, © t of parish re- the reguiar esees of intane, paup: five hundred chaplains and forty judgos, eight thousand lawyore , clerks; fifty thousand policemen, and the same number of private watchmen—total 181,545, betag one to fifty-one of the population. k rom this an sis it will appear that of the twenty-ci of inhabitants in Great Britain, 2,' are cither villains, drunkards, prison lunatics, or persons which these bring ment; the proportion to the entire population ig one in ten, or to the adults oncinfive. Such is tho moral and social condition of the British nation. Such aro the péople who attempt to sway the most extensive eceptre of dominion which tho world has ever known. This state of Britain appears throe times worse than its condition at the commence ment of the present century, and it is not to bo wondered at. Had Prince Albert, Queen Viotorla, who is an honor to hor sex, nnd tho rest of the no- bility of England devoted holf of their time and expenses towards bond ten the social and mor condition of their people which they have spon pitting up the World’s Vair in London, it y avo redounded much moro to their cred! would ask the getters up of the Chrystal Val Knowest thou the value of @ soul immortal? Behold this midnight glory, worlds on worlds Amazing pomp redouble this amaze; Ten thourand add, and twice ten thousand more Then weigh the whole--one soul outweighs them all. Ihave seen the splendor and beauty of a British court assembled at St. Jamos’ Palace; then | havo seen the British House of Commons whero most of the members wore beastly drunk—(laughter)—and ] have seen the misery and wretchednoss of the English people in the manufacturing distzicts and other parts of the United Kingdom. It is quite commen in J.ondon for the womon to boat their childron for refusing to drink gin. How do wo stand, ladies and gentlemen? General Washingtoa was alwoys anxious that we should establish and preserve our American character, and (hat our vevply wight bovine higily pgial aswel ai la: tellectual and physical. Are we so? I foar not. Intemporance prevails to an alarming extent most! throughout our country except Maine. Maino, a honest and true; and J truat our other States will follow ber noble examplo—hor name should bo written in letters of gold on pictures of silver. Within tho last twenty years, sixty thousand por- fons have diod in the city of New Yerk from tho elleots of intemperance or drinking alcoholic Hquore. Mero is a startling subject for your ro fection. What an annual harvest of bavoo is here. ‘The cofins of theso sixty thousand, interred rido by vide, would require a grave geventeon imiles long, ut the head of which might be erected tho vast stone, with emblems of intemperance sculptured upon it, bearing the inscription, ‘* hore lie the viet! f the drinking customs of tho city New \ r. Delevan concluded bis locture very eloquent appeal to all to abstain from 8 The President then proposed a vote of thanks to the lecturer, which was uoauimously responded to. He then, in the name of the Mechanics’ Institate, asked Mr. Delevan fora copy of his lecture for publication. Smithsonian Institutions PROFESSOR RODGERS’ CONCLUDING LECTURE ON THR ATMOSPHERK. ‘Tho weathor on the last night of Professor Rod gera’ lecturo was extremely unfavorable. Thoro had been a fall of snow that day, and bu} threo or four hundred persons assembled, among whom were very few femalos. The objects which had hithorto occupied the attention of his audicnces, Dr. Rodgers said, hed beon the mechanical and chemical pro- porties of tho atmocphore, and it bocame important to understund how the ingredients of the atmos- phere are geparated from each other. Ho thero- fore proceeded to describe the simple process by which the several gates of the atmoaphero are separated, and clastitication id accomplished, which result is produced by tho law of aflinity—cortain substances being used, which combine with the nitrogea, oxygen, and carbon of tho atmos- phoro, Thus, nitrogen may bo producod by burning phosphorous or atmosphoric air, whieh abstracts the oxygen, and the rosidual gas, afcer agitation with water or a solution of potash, iy puro bitrogen. ‘This nitrogen is found to exist ia largo quantities in all animal substances, but not ia plants. Hoenco the one is termed nitrogenous, and the other non nitrogenous bodies. Tne professor then culled attention to the fact that all vegetable andanimal structures consist of come threo or four of the ingredients of the atmosphero, which are to be found in diferent proportions in albumon, which recombles the white of an egg, fibrin, that con stitutes fish, and casseine, one of the component parts of checso. The simplest form of organizati aid, is found on the surface of suow, by travellers as being a red substance, which tho mioroscope reveals to be a species of minute fungi, each particle being composed of a single cell, ox- isting individually and alone. I¢ is ayaia dissovered where fermentation takes place produced being found to tis akind of fungus, com- | posed of @ plant that is constantly developing itself in buds, which form a succession of cells, cach at- tached to the preceding one. Ho then alluded to the approximation of animate to inanimate matter, | between which, in the higher forms of animal life, | there is no difficulty in deciding, while in the hum- blest classes the distiaction fails; as, in somo in- stances, vegetables move from piace to place, dis- playing ali the functions of animal life, and present- ly thoy becomo fixedtoa spot, andform what is in- contestably a plant; so that at one time it is appa- rently un onimal, and at another exhibits all the characteristics of vegetable growth. Thoero is an izaportant distinction, he said, betwoon vegctablo anc animal life. In the one cuse, vegetables absorb carbon, aad are continually throw: off oxrgea, by whica the air of @ room, in whioh thore aro flowers, is roodered more pure, when ex posed to the action of the sun, and during the day this is true of plants, it is very differant with refe- rence to animals; which will b. d inhaling oxy- gen and respiring carbonic acu gus. ‘Thus plants wre continually feeding on w!. unimals expel; and aximals aro pcing furnished, return, with that which the plants reject, und which is essential to their existence. This remark as respesis plants, h J, does not wpply to plants that live on or- ed bodies--it is nottrue of fungi, or any of room tribe; none of these producing the effect that hus been described; but whieh i carbon and ishale oxygen in the same manner as ais do, deriving their snstesance from decayed a or the imals which they infest, an the oyexized matorial already fu reluiioss of plants and animals, the taut bearing. sappoct, wud ¢ out oxygen, under tho influence of the sun, this is not the gotion cf the plant daring the night. The roots then are opersting on the aimosphere, i Xygen, while tuo leaves expel carbon Professor Rodgers next adverted to the growta of plants, which ho exomplified by beginning with a simple seed, in which food already gee vi w Ture, the plant ts pro it siovta out its root lets. Moan oi combustion has boon going on, 2 se of germination has been aided by nm armtn = uri this gor- 12 P the war had become much so that the plant is ofcen de- royed, but, ag yet, nothing has como from the bs ly, however, the roots ramify, and | leaves spread out from t, tom, which rises by an instinctive movement; then ccmos tho doablo action of the leaves deriving nourishment from the | atmosphere, end the roots pumping it up from be- low. 4nd now the action of the root becomes moet important. So long asthe plant was independent of extrancons suce hey did not exert to ab- sorb from the surrounding earth; bus when they are called into activity, they operate by means of asac atthe termination of cach rootlot, through h nutriment, in a very subtile form, is received othe plant, according to the law of what is ned entomosis, as he ceso mhero tho car bonic acid gas penctrates the lungs, displaces tho oxygen, and is then expelled from the system. Vhere is & great resemblance, also, between this tezmination of the roots of plants and that of the arteries in the human system, at which are placed the capillary veavels, in which the eupportof the solid, and the formation of the fluid parts of tho system especially, take place. The Professor here Went into the consideration of capillary attraetion, which is i ros of enormous o districts of Franoe, parating mill stones of he described. This but thin difficulty is , it being renewed at in the growth of tr certain stages, owing to theo ration that tak pee and he mentioned un insiance where ca) ary action reached the top of a tree ninety-five ht, after the roots bad been severed, being in its ascent by theaction of the loaves. Had tho tree been deprived of these, the capillary at- would have ceaved. Asa proof of the tance of the at: phere, a5 an auxi- y of plants, the P x montioned that, ai ope time, sevent gallons of palm oil wero imported a: nd. The tree ced th purely silicio been derived soil of the | nown to growin a soil their natriment from tho a id, must for their ¢ u oft de, we porcoive ag and anthracite xteat of country, which r ° than osrbon and oxygen, have been derived from tho atmorphere, and ng that these masses are decayed vogetables, t have andergono a chemisal change, produce mbustion. !longs, when this product of na- labaratory is umed by man, for purposes lal comfort, 01 compliance with the ro- quirements of scionco, ho is litorally returning | to the atmosphere that which is its own.— Having cstablishod the pringiple that plants are indebted to the atmosphere for neurishmoat, the neat inference that ho drow was, that man derives his existence, directly and indirectly, from the seme source—indireotiy, to be enre, but the no loss cortain and well defized—and deriving his food from plants that ‘eed on air, or from animals that feed on plants, and adapting such portion to his sustenance a3 his structure may require. ‘Th expelling of carbonic acid gas, which is the resul of exterual combustion, constitutes tho distinction between avimals and plants. Docay is slow in sensible combustion ; and in animal life thero is | @ constant burning up and a consumption of the animal etructure, and this ia regulated by the exer- cise which a man takes, whethor mentally or physically, and an individual ia bent 4 himeelf more or Tess rapidly, fn proportion to the steam which he gets up. ‘here is therefore, ho said, a continual change going on, and every day wo be- come a diferent body, 80 that a man may bo said to lose his personal identity, and it may be said of him, as it was of the stocking, which had been darned so frequentiy that no portion of tho original fabric remainet. Lay @ block of marble on tho snow, ond it will, in a short time, assume the tem- perature ; place a man there, and he will, for a long time, retain hisusual temperature. Plants, while growing, have the power of generating heat ; this is produced by breathing, and what comes from the lungs, as was bofore stated, is the result of combustion, owing to the combination of oxygen | and carbon, and oxygen and hydrogen, by which oraRTALGR Le Erosueed, og Was gaurdigd duals, Guirg nd But whila | the experiment, by which hydrogen, whon burst in fxygen, Produced vapor. As a proof that oom- bast At on in pianis, a3 woll as animals, Dr. R. gaid, if the ball of a thermometer was plunged in a flower, the mercury woul! be found to rise several degro The last consideration on which ho said hould dwell, would bo tho economy of this combustion. It is found that a healthy man will burn ten ources of carbon in twenty-four hours, that is, he will oxhale as much carbonic acid gas as it would require ten ounces of carbon to produce. Now, as he can asgond Mount Blane in two days, resting during the intervening night, he will consume ten ounces of carbon in theascent. This will bo the expenditure of gas in elevating a man from tho base to the sum- mit. A stoam engine, he enid, would bo obliged to'burn fifty ounces to accomplish the samo objoct. It would thug be found that tho living machine hag five times the efficiency and economy that we fiad in the most perfect of human contrivances—tho steam ergine. A horse is able to lift tweu! millions of pounds one foot--that is the measuro of the work he will perform day after aay, being fed with twelve pounds of bay and corn; but if wo re- duce the quantity he would not do as much work. Now, wore this power converted into steam it would not produce one-fifth as much effect. We havo, therefore, in the animal tho mos‘ perfect machine. Yet it is impovsiblo to dotect its commencemont. How ia it the first point of life comes into being. ‘Thore is mechanism here which study never can disclose ; there are nebulw for the microscope to discover, but these would only lead to other reve- lutions, which would call for frosh explorations. But the profesvor said he had only boon considoring the simple relations of animated creation; the eublimest of all contemplations is to ba found in the intellectual and moral Pons, whica elevate man in the seale of being. In the contemplation of these, however, wo must seek for aid from that inspiration which is vouchsafod by the great Author of All, speaking to tho hearts and con- aclences of men. The Fine Arts, Mr. Carpenter, whose very charming pictures have excited the admiration of the best judges in the city, has just completed a portrait of ex-Mayor Talmadge, of Brooklyn. The picture, which is an excellent likenoss, and handled with his usual felicity, is painted at the order of the Common Council of that city. A commiasion for a full length portrait of David Leavitt, Esq., has been given to this artist, who will, doubtless, in this as yetuntried field, more than sustain bis well deserved reputation. Mr. I.enset is as industrious and as gracofal as ever in his rendering of the mountainous sconery of New England. A picture, nearly completed, made up of scenery in the vicinity of the White mountains, is among his most happy efforts. We wonder that amateurs do not exdeavor to posscas seme of the many bonutifal sketches which adorn tho walla ef his studio. We called at the studio of Mr. Loutz, but found himso busy with his friends that he had no time fora word onthe subjects his poncil is engaged on, His great picture of Washington crossing the Vela- ware, doubtless allows him a little respite from hia arduous labors. The only now work he has on Land is ascone taken from the revolutionary history of tho United States. The subject is Mrs Sohuy- lergotiing fire to a field of wheat, and will, doubt- less, when finished, be worthy the reputation of this famous artist. ‘Tho “Last Hours of General Washington,” by Mr. Stearns, is near comple It has the repu- tation of surpassing all biz Yu orts in tai: line of art. On a futuro occasion we shall i and the mors readily, too, its being a subject within the com- pecs of the "s ablitty. A preliminary meeting of artists has been held, at which the necéssity of applying to the Logisla- ture foran amendment to the charter of the Amo- rican Art Union, by which artists may participate inthe management, was disoussed. A memorial will be ready, ina few days, for the signature of artists and all who take t in the cause of art. It is stated, on very good authority, that the salary of Andrew Warner, as Secretary of tho American Art Union, is twe fivo hymdred dol. lars. An under sccrctary, if |, periorias most of the labors pertainiag to that offic Mr. Oddie has one of his rece tain ecesos in the store of M ly painted moun- Villiams and Steve We wondere: or it, at finde ing a well designed gothic cottage in a, re where al ut would even be out of placo. ellishment does not m our app artiet w Ldo w 1 we think that \ i ard to the varioti ng eomposit uestion is replete of bis mind and y Kev prelate, though w cundity of the visago,”’ not exactly corresp with the required selt denial of a cure’ rz. Yet alas! as Bishops ere but men, and their sphere of duty moro wide than a Curate’s, it may be ad- mitted, in all candor, that their infirmitios may be prenter, without exciting any extraordinary por- vicnofamazement. Tho picture in quostion is by the artist termed “a sketch,” some frienda of the Bishop having resolved to procuro his liktenosa, for the purpoee of sending it to o distinguished English prelate. Ancminent Amorican artist in London, writing to his friend here, deprecatcs the influence of the American Art Union on art. He does not oppose Art Unions which allow the drawors of prizes to telect both the subjoct and tho artist to paint it. Under the plan of the American Art Union, which must buy pictures, the best artists of the city, ho gays, have become sinecurists—‘* The works of theso gentlemen aro not such as they would havo ainted bad they relied on private cncouragement. ‘or the most part they are characterized by gaadi- ness and pretonsion, alike repugnant to the true iti Ue of art. T. Nichards, whoso pen and poncil are equal- ly graceful when employcd ia the cauve of art, is closely app!ying himself to his profession in the mountain regions of Goorgta. He will, however, soon return to his ample studio in the New York University, laden with the spoils of his energotic and felicitous pencil. Mr. Edward Mooney is at Columbus, busily en- gaged in painting the portraits of tho gallaat Southerners. r. Mooney never missos his mark when he determines to bring down his game Mr. Shogogue has a commission fora line picture, which is not yet sufficiently advanced to justify ori- ticism. It is, of courzo, portraits of branch of the fine arte ia which this gen! attained a wel! deserved reputatio Mies Howard, of Albany, ar beautiful portrait of Miss Lawre' aro row completed in this gentleman's studio. Mr. Orgood has gone to Calif Wo ought to have said returned thither. Stnco the groat be- reavement this most amiable and d ng artist endured ees of wifo and children, the scence ofthe Pac cem to have a peontiar charm for him. Inthe painting ofla portraits, this artist exhibited a great fondn r the style of Sully, the wo. t charming painte: dies’ portraits among artists. al painting, Mr. «da pi or 2 higher rank n than i sated hima. aa cabinet pic- came under our la his studio wo sawan Do Silvar, and a charm- eiuce. notice few du, £ Mrs excellent por ing little picture, in process of Soishing, aftor the mi thi nner and style of Diaz. We \newof ao artist in ¢ line of this gentleman’s labors, who more auc- etfully renders his subject, hin drawing and Me. Charles Ingham, wo aro ar to say, has been eovorely indisposed for several ks past. He is recovering slowly. We notice ng many unfinished portraite, a very beautiful head of Mas- ter Pratt, of Boston, and a fine portrait of Mr. Pomercy, of Stockbridge. Mr. Ingham, whoso pencillings have earned for hin the reputation of the most accomplished artist of his ago, has just com- pleted a eoris of portraits of ladies. Mr. Frazee, the ptor and architeot, lies vor low. His situation is not unattended with the pri- vations peculiar to men of genius. A claim on the general government, not yet audited, aggra- yates his discaso, a8 he has a large family depend- ing on him for their support. ‘opsoy hae completed his magn tures of “The Spirit of War and of Po pictures are regarded by his brothe greatest works. Wo have watched h great inter grandeur of the subject and mode ot treatment, than on that of great golicitude for the success of this most accomplished professor of art. Mr. Crop. sey stands alone, almost, in architestural painting, and in thove pictures haa most stamly rebuked thors who neglect to cultivate so important a branch ofart. We learn from the artist that theso exquisite pictures may be had at a prise very far bolow tho estimate we put on them. [tis onough, however, we should suppore, that the pictures bo eeon only, to insure their removal to one of the dnd Privato mansions in the upper part of tho atk Perfectionism and Poly, [From the New York Observer, Jan, 22 | Recent rovelations of the interior and total de Ph of some ipreieteediy religious oatablishmenta, ve thocked the public mind, and led to inquiry as to the tendency of religious delusions. It is bard to eay whether knavery or folly, whether fanati- cism or lust, has more power over the Mormons of Utah and the perfectionists of Onoida; but the facta that are now before the worldin roferenze to botie these communities, are worthy of being atu as hewehopters in the history of modern imposture and delusion. It is hardly known, but it is trao, that there is a> babepaet § tewspeper published in this immediate neighborhood, to advucate and propagate the doo trinea of the Oneida Perfectionists—that in the* community of thore who are led to embrace sysiem, ail the lawa, both human and divine, that are designed to regulate the married rolatio! aro vet aside and denounced, while the scissetetiad indulgence of the human pastions is practised, no’ merely asthe means to present evjoymont, but ag meaus of grace or uelps to holiness.” The founder of this dirgusting order of united adulterers ig graduate of a New England college, a student two theological seminaries, and now the editor of the paper we havo reforred to above The ceatre of this ecct isin the town of Lenox, Madison co., N. Y., where about 150 men, women and children, live together in one houso, with no distinotion of proper- ty, family, or authority. Mach one does what scoms good in hig own oyes. Tho biblo is their nominal con- stitution and how curiously they follow its teach- ings, is evident from the fact, that they disavow all separate or individual right in ‘property, wives or children.”’ Literally, thoy havo ‘all those things ccmmon”’ But the ecet is by no means contined to Oneida and Madison counties. In New York and Brooklyn, and in Newark, N. J, and in many otber places, there wre groups of practical mom- beis of tl ‘oul body, who, under the name and guise of mekere after aetosl enjoyment, and piofesting to be pesfectiy holy, are living in a stato of vilo coneubinage, and even worse, fuch as is not even thouvht of among the® Mormons. | (tab, tho distinction of husband aud wile is rigidly maintained, and non intervention insisted upon even at the peril of life. Batin the Oneida Association, and in the boarding-housos established on similar priaciplos in this vicinity, titeso distino: are utterly abolished, and tl freest licentiousness practised aa the highest de- volopements cf holiness. Wo have been turnished with a large number of certificates signod by females of this community, stating that at first they were fearful they were not doing right, but ene seb Re they bave practised on tho systum hore puréued, the holier they are sure they grow. On the principle, we supposo, that where there is no Jaw thore 18 no transgression, they havo abrogated all autherity bat inclination, aud thoy never ein be~ cause they never do anything but what thoy like. Tho reader may be amuied at the practical opel tion of the asiociation at Lenox, as we find it de- tailed in ono of their reports. ‘The children are trained in a general nureory, and ‘it is found to be altogether a more comfort- ablo task to take care of six intho new way, than it hed beon to wait on one in or ry circum- otances.” ** The ouly drawback on the operation was the temporary dis!resa of their mothera im giving up their little ones to tho earo of others, which mado occasion for some melodramatic seone: but the wounds were soon healed, and the mothe: learned to value their own froedom and opportunity ofcducation, andthe improved condition of their cbildren, wore than the luxury of a sickly maternal tenderness.” ‘This is the language of tho report. ‘Tho way they sleep is curious Ono large room is eet apart for a dormitery, and each bed is encom- pacced by a sort of square tent; so that ono stove werma thewhole epace; and, “as tho principles and ciation are more gregarious them privacy is a swmall affair.” nd that much time was spent im r, 89 they looked into Paul’s the- d, says vhis report, ‘the disco- Paul's language exprenaly. for whieh womenshould we tong hair, and thi bjectis not ornament but a covering. In this light it was immediately mani- fest that the long hair of women, as it is usually , coiled and combed upward to the top of the tend of anawerlpg to Paul's object of cover- ing, actually expozes the back part of the head were than tio short hair of men.” This mode of reasouing wag carried on till the “ bolder women” cut off their Lair and wore it on their necks, as girls do, and svon the practice became general. In the next place, the women laid aside the usual dress, ond substituted a short frock and pantaloons, which was found to be altogether moro convenient. ‘The report say8 he wonten aay they aro far more irc and comfortable in this dreas than ia lo gowne; the men think it improves their looks, an ECMe isist thet its entirely more modest than the common dr > ‘This is plainly the germ of bloom- mm y: ory of } Vory Was mau points out the object this association consisé ach oneis called on to orto make such oxhor- 2 on the mind waiting uings are set apo i TF Minsic, One for dancing, one . Tho religious infaence is said to be worder/ul on those who have joined the agsoci- vyhocome in while ia an uagonverted state ed to have been converted, aud one man a confirmed lunatic bas been entirely cured. sots forth a theory of promiscu exes, as compatible with the’ son earth, 60 loathsome im hocking to all the ge: ties even of of decent peovle, that we cannot defile of our paper with their recital. It eut to say, that the doctrine is taught, and tempt is made, to defend it from Scripture, that unbridled lisentiousness is the law of Heaven, the perfection of human happiness, and tha realization of the highest style of divine virtue. ‘These is no shrinking from the boldest and frankest avowal of this faith and practice. On this point these Oncida agsociatignis's are honorably contraste ed with the Fourierite? cf this city, who refuse to be held responsible for the consequences to whick their doctrines inevitably lead. Tne report holds “ Variety is, in the natare ious exercises of cr reflections a ae nt ¢ © forens puryp for biblerending, ¢ the coars the colump: must be & such lnuguage as this: of things, a» beautiful and usefal in love asin eat- drink Again, it is held that it is all tines of great advantage to i pairing” —that is, saarriege bs tho report, this shouid be ymentot others. The fact that a man loves poaches bevt, ia no reason why he should rot, on euitable occasions, cat apples and cherries.” Wo are able to give only the vaguoet and most distant intimations of what is sot forth in thego pages, and wo are now fearful that wo aro trospaceing on decency in these quotations. The perversion of Scripture is oftentimes so blasphemous os to chill the blood, while a scheme of social wick- B d often bot, no barrier to the en. edness under the name of virtue--nay, of religion is here taught, that the foulest days and darkest piacesof Roman Catholic iniquity never conceived. * Phe beasts of the field are better in their habits than these people profess to be. Ifthe orgies of tho hoa- then were re-enacted in tho city of New York, in ublic, they could not fill the mind with more orror than every virtuous person must fel whem contemplating the “interior life” of this Oncida Association When we now bear in mind thot the persons thus living in this beastly manner, wore but recently members of orthodox, evangelical churches--soma ofthem well educated, and most of them respesta- biy connected—we cannot fail to regard their his- tory as in o high degree instructive, tending to show the danger of error, und tho indaite nocossity of holding fact to the truth. Loose teaching from the pulpit and tho press is dostenctive to the principles. ‘The only safety is in steadfast adherence to the o} shioned morality of our fathers and mo- n whose principles the first half ef tho nines century bas made no improvemont. Naval Intelligence. Orders bave been received at the Charlestown Navy Yard to Ot out the U. 8. propeller Princeton immediate. ly, and send her to Baltimore to taxe In her machinery. The Cumberland will be prepared to receive ber officers ip about ten days. Marine Affairs. Lavxcn A fine ebip of about 1,000 tons, called th: Tluidsh Kimball, was Is ‘at Marbiehead, on the 6th inst., at lo clock. She is intended for a freighter, and is fully on the stocks. The keel of another ship will be laid in the same yard, that of Edmund Kim- ball Erq., to whose enterprise and perseverance Marbie~ head is indebted for the permanont establishment of ship building, We learn that several schooners, designed for the fishing business, are now on the stocks im that town, in various stages of construction, Movements ‘or Garinacpi.—Tho Revista, of Lima, of December 2, snys—“We have boon in- formed of an event which took place at a small distance from our office, an account of which wo giveas it has been transmitted to us. It appears that, a fow nights before, General Garibaldi and Charles Ledos, a French merchant, established for sovoral years in that city, woro present at a cele- bration of a marriage. in a group where the Italian Gonoral was, the conversation turnod upon the in- cidents of italy, and of tho variqua encounters which took place between the treops of that country and thoso of Franco, and some serious words wore ex~ changed between Garibaldi and Charles Ledos, who took a part in the ¢ ation. Simca then, the quostion had beea ussed by heme in the newspapers, : in tho afternoon, whom atibaldi had bogn, wounded in the head inthe store of Sr. Lodos. Wo bn not know absolutely the partionlars of th even 5; we only hear that the affair has taken ® most grave character. After having writtea the above, it is reported that Sr. Ledos wae lag Wounded in the mous communications to-day, at threo it is said that Genoral