The New York Herald Newspaper, February 5, 1852, Page 2

ARRIVAL oF THE OHIO AND EMPIRE CITY. Affairs on the Isthmus of Panama, » ke, he. The steamship Ohio, Capt. Schenck, arrived yos- terday morning from Chagres, by the way of Havana. She brings over $200,000 of gold dust. Weare indebted to Mr. Purser Hall for favors. Annexed is the SPECIE LIST. * A. A. Chapman. $15,910 60 Williams & Potter Churchman, Kob- In the hands of erte& Co......, 502375 passegers...,...200,000 00 ‘The following are the NAMES OF THE PASSENGERS 330 00 A Buck, © Buck, WL Chambers, Geo Lombard, ea A Dixon, Fy 0 Lallager, & 4 hore. Purfeti, JN Bowclsby, Mrs Booth & Son, J Bon D Seimans, J Pericer, Mr Mantrus & Lady, W Ja JG Jackson Capt J W Hugg, A Grontur, J R Cooper, A Has ‘W Gaepinau, M Spooner, J Barlen, G Barbar, Caled Veouto, O fread welliW Gummerman, [aling. Mee J stern: n, Weils, Fortyth. JU Pists, Wilkes, 8 Grant, J w, J F Ostrander, A Bowen, M 5. u W Lackin, Labaciere, B Angeluci, 8 J L Ward, EJ Usborne, J J raters net, W Thompson, wie and RLT 7 Camee. W Low Kellors D Hedde Om HAVANA M Doreche, J Fitzsimons, W Shaw. The Ohio left Chegres ou the night of the 22d ultimo, and arrived st Havana on the morning of the 27th ult.; left that port for New York on the morning of the 30th ultimo, The Epanish steamer Ferdinand le Catolica, arrived at Havana on the morning of the S€th ult., from Cadiz. ‘The steamer Philadelphia, from San Juan and Chi bound to New Orleans, wasat Havana. ‘The Ohio passed the steamer Georgia, hence, about af teen miles outside the Moro, bound in. ‘The steamship Empire City, Captain Leeds, has also arrived. She esiled from New Orleans on the 24th ult. ‘The F.C. left Havana st noon on the 20th ult She brings 120 persengers, She has also on freight $22,000 im epecie, from New Orleans, consigned to Messrs. Beebe & Co,, and G. 8. Robins & Son. The following came NGERS IN THE EMPIRE CITY. wLPANS.—Dr Chas Bryan; Jas Duraas, Col Benry G Bruee, Mrs HO ‘Thos Sheldon, Soha K Trs- », Chas Keith, N frannich, ntop, Misa Mary Ferris, & W Allen, Chss Lion, J#@m Burbank, S Limon, Kaiser, Wm Davis. Geo L Do'son, Phos Stanton, Jno Weled, ‘Wm Sylvester, Friar Fairlie, Robt Tunis, Benj Tunis, Di Holden, A Lnvier. Thos McCtibbon, Thos’ Purcelle, Mre Mo- Kean ard child, Ches Krniser, Chas Fisher, T N A Walden, Mra Holmes, £ Holmes, L Givo B Mils, Jno RK Fergurson, Jno O'Neil, ¥ 6 Powere, Geo Toole, Mrs Hererly and child, M McMurray. Eas Juax-L Wart, B Distenhors Lilly, WM Hill, M Foster, Jorn S Tt Jey, AViger, 8 O Aloxend Norris, © Von Koits, WF Gels Kinney, M Fovler, 3 2 FROM CHAGRES AND Charles Thomas, Lewis Ohlman, M Peck, John H: Blackenet daughter, John P Winchell, Ja Capt LT Jewott, WM Fulton, M Geo W Dudley, W Money, hd ‘Hi ey, some, Peter “‘Senold. Jae Brown, Chas B Brandt, . an, Ws: BJ Wheeler, R Young, J Slosne, W Katr, E Butier, J Soa. waa, Lewis Fairbanks, A Jacobs, J Katr, B Wolfe D tlard- in, 8 Ward, H Bownes, R Crowley, P Woodine, A Watson, 8 i,°B Bradiey, F Smith, P Plumer, W Baldwia, Joho Dison, G Vandewater, J Hendrickson, © Madden. James Reilly, aged 27, employed as a coal passeron board the Empire City, died at Havana, om the 20th ult., of dysentery. ‘The Panama Herald, of the 15th ult., contains the fol- lowing pereeraph:— ‘We are pained to record the ead death of Mr. Willism Chestnut, late of Aibany,N Y. He croseed the Isthmus on Baturdsy. having come from the States by the Georgia. The exposure to the sun produced diz. nines, in consequence of the congestion produced by the intenre heat. He was found ia a dying state abcut 12 o'clock, yesterday, at the foot of the hall etnire of the Washivgton House, having undoubdlediy fallen while attempting to ascend the steps, He lived Dut a few moments atver he was found. He has a brother fn California whom be expected to meet in a short time, im thet icnd of promise aud gold. a ead termination to bis golden dream Our Panama Correspondence, Panama, Jan. 18 1852. Importance of ihe Geographical position of Panana —Is bearing on the Interests of England and the United States — Easy construction of a Canal across the Isthmus—Mineval Wealth— Whale and Pearl Fisheries—Agri-uliure and Mechanic Arts —Compleion of the R ing— Death of Dinneford wall House—Cocoa Grove Hotel, &e , &6. Rio Trididad, which head, and flow into the differen now almost part at the samo it fd with the importance of th side- im preese: of these cont rations, in all their bearings upon the social condi- tion of my fellow countrymen, vast numbers of whom are wending their way hither, to pass to tho land of Ophir, in search of its golden treasures, or, anchoring their hopes in our midst, remain with us—upon the interests of the commercial world, which is chiefly to be most directly affected by increasing the facilities of this communication, and a large portion of which belongs to my own country— I feel it to be my duty to suffer no occasion to pass | which may afford sa spneranity of making seers public, without embracing it. ® But, aside from all these important features con- nected with this great ocean link, this marriag tie | of the Atlantic and the Pacific, which should be co- | Jebrated annually, as the Dogo celebrates the mar- riage of his imperial Venice with the waters of the Adriatic, the boundless wealth which lies hidden bo- neath the rich soil of this country—the vast mineral | regions which extend along the whole rango of tho | Cordilleras, connecting with the rich mines of tho | Andes in Peru and Chili, and especially tho valua- | ble gold mines of the valley of Cauca, and the pro- vince of Choco, which are now being rapidly do- | veloped by the energy and enterprise of foreigners, | are considerations of the highest importance to tho | emigrant. Commerce will always sustain itself here. Agricuiture only requires the active operation andindustry of the practical farmer, to beoome preStable and permanent; and manufactures and | the mechanic arts will always command remunora- tive p Addto these the whale fishories along tho coastand in eur bay, the pearl fisheries, and other fi ies, which may be prosecuted with emi nent enccess in the conti natural resources unequalled, by a The completion ever has been 3 ees is waters; and we havo | ith unsurpassed, if not | portion of tho globe. from Gosgon. and th 8 pasied ove: tion. Mr. E. F ently qualified for the responsible position, hus sasceeded Mc. Oliver Ellsworth ia tae agenoy of tho Paciiic Mail Steainship Company of this city. mong the deaths which have resently ovsurred Imey mention those of Peter L. Parsons, > and Mr. William Dinneford. Mr. Parsons was formerly an extensive merchant in Baffalo, \. Y., but recently in the employ of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company in this place. At the e of his decease, be had juct established himself bere as a shipping and commissioa merchant Mr. Dinneford was widely known throughout the United States, as an actor and stage manager. He als: formerly kept a_hotel cailed the *Bjroa,” oa Broadway, near Liberty street, in tho rear. He came to thia city about two years ago, and by his activity, enterprise, and industry, was at enc timo estimated to be worth botween fifty and sixty thous sand dollars. Unfortunate investments and speoula- tions, in which he was fond of indulging, aad the loss ef a whale ship, of which he was part owner, it its thought, made serious inroads upon his hard- earned fortune. He leaves an estimable wily aud numerous frionds to lament his doath. The Aspinwall House, a large aod magnificout hotel, is nearly completed, and when finished will be superior to any other hotel on the Isthmus of Panama. Cocca Grove Hotel, originally built by Col. E. B. Green and bis associates, and now owned by Destor E. A. Thellu, is one of tho most delight- fal places on the Pacificcoast. It is, at prezeat, the favorite stopping place of travellers, especially ladies and families. I:s gentlemanly proprietor, Dr. Thellu, who is also the editor of a newspaper kere, finds it more profitable to cater for the aai- mal than the intellectual appetites of tho public, though his dual profession forces upon him tho pleasure as weil as necessity of beth. Mr. Ran Runnels, a very worthy and popular gentleman, hus recently opened a hotel at Cruces and another at Gorgona. He can hardly fail of success. Panama Items from the California Papers, Canacs IN CaLirornia.—Although we have not in our State a regular canal for the conveyance of merchandise ia bouts, there are 2 nunber o in the mines, u ich i 1, di supply. of rs to the dry In Et Dorado such a canal hes just been comp'eted, being fou teen miles is , and built by the individad exertions avd en Nanive Nurmeca or C Bigler’s yard in Sacramento beautifa ft two d river, by ( ap lected & quantity the same kind The gcograp ziiion of Panama rend at this time, an object of more than ordinary i portance in the estimation of England and tho | United States. It has beed clearly domoustrated perience of all who have had on to investigate portion of the 3 American continent and the co; of Centra] America, that the m feasible poin the Pacific, to be found in the whole ra ritory between Me and Equador, oa s 8 5 2 = F 8 rag 5 Be = ie here. The connection to be formed lantic by the co grese, eas) by & b world, with ail wealth. The intermediate porition which thispa tains between th stern and bi and ite eentral world, form enother bighly important fear claim a courideration second in importa a that which mek st feasible and desira as a point of tra) o this point m pesearily flow ail the comme rom both, which may be destined for any of the Pacific porte, and through here must necessarily be conveyed all the exported Wealth and products of China, the East Ind ‘ tralia, the > wiob and other island e fature trade # ce of the P C British North ofthe whole Sou New Granada to Pa disturbed ner interfere of any other te of trans oceane in these two respects the geographical position of Papama United Stater, bat to the whole co a@nobject of singular and There advantages, themeelve wealth bit ay republic of New if not unknown In addition to th are the advantages arising from tho character of the harbors at each terminus of the route. Gc coast, from agonia, which can neither be h by the construction | % between the t reial world nee to the for vessels of any draft, and not only a good an- chorago and safe harbor, with docks and piors con- structed for them to lio by, but the whole amount in the rise and fall of tide doos not exceed 18 incher, 80 that perfect freedom and seeurity may always be | relied on. Here, at Panama, we have one of the | fineet bays and harbors in the world, in point o} anchorage, depth of water, protectioa afforded by the surrounding shores and islands, and in health and beauty. At ali seasons of the year, and at al! | stages of the tide, though it has arise and fall of | upwards of twenty feot, ships and steamere of the largert class can and do always ride at safety. Ky the construction of piers,asat Navy E ho | Atlantic side, and alithe principal seaport tow: of the United States and ch ort perfect ods, towile, nd silver bullion, &¢ Witla tue and complete merchandise & masterpieces ot munitions of war, jin any way lerived by the trifling oxgerse, and in aarnere time, by uniting th tific men, and by | wrapping the went, not only to England and tho | the mineze. | of a gale, several hundred ant with | end of Long whari, San Francisco, to wiinces the herto unappreciated, | suddenly against the #6 important considerations, | the shock and crash makiog every ons #tart. On | diately the whole crowd rushed up the wharf, till the Atlantic side, there is wn abundance of wator | having t N dags iP ill & eatictied themselves they had been hoaxed, | they quictly returned to again witness the combat of the elements. Fic Luur —We have been shown a lamp of | gold worth $312, taken out at Pine Log Crossing, | Copiapo Mill, evmo time e | of an every day matter, | tir * were felt. ‘They were, however, * no | ere as no material damage waa done, | that we heard of The day hefors, at about three | o’clock, A, M., a severe sk occurred, waking up | manyof The oscillation was to the | riably th | in Brvra,.—A exican waz suffered to ¢ fa this plase, on last W. op, having had as The inhuman rt to relieve the dy d, dug a hole ai 3 | three feet d Gordon says, that ile, on the Nevada r which pose that there was a « dug a hole, and at the ka vel if gold-b ng quartz he quartz th of bout five | n —Another new shortly appes in California will be € eratand, at Downievil Yaba s editorial charge will devo ioches in cire be. Tha 4, but even that 2 Western W is 44 inche Several ot Same place, weighing from nd weighs 60 1b seen at th ened hear that at the presont t in San Franciszo to exceed $2 mall geld coin. The first n currency bas been exported, while the Calif f ter have been melied up, a i States cariied off by tha Asia ie rs — The upriver papors are filled with respondents from all ions of | e most cheering accouuts of | the heavy tall of rain, and consequent success of Sn DE ON Lona waRF.—Huring the height | ersong assembled on the storm and heavyrea. The Typhoon, being dashed ler, snapped asunder a joist etween her and the wharf, a Imma. placed as a fonder wag sung out that the pier had broken off. tome time since, by Albert Smith, pLENDID Viei.D.—330 Ibs. rock ground by the ‘e, for the Sell & Mar- 34 ous. gold, or 1,367 dotlars. t ry An Eartuquaxe.—Earth- an Francisco are gelling to beso much that half of the people do lay, between the hours of morning and twelve at night, throe dia tin Co., yielded not notice them. O ore int four citizens ( This, we believe, has beet on of the shocks that hav g the past two yours. Pewrs Founn. —One mornin : ag Bunting on the plains sve thig city, on tho Sacrament skall and bones of 4 man, with rem and some papers lying pear ur city itow clothin ed, and the coat and pants we wa the he 1. The name of Michael Mo ion!ty be dectphered on ono of nd near porandum book, f n r probability is that this is the I t Riew Barn.—From Rich Bar, | man named David Brown waa are | ople and convicted | hole which created the furore i | depths” of a ehafe. | woul | exeape, however; for be bad to | country asan ent | a jarge amount, in cons | by resolution, recommended to led, Judge selected, and counsel aan eames a, udgt d, and counse Smeinxo Goip.—The Nevada Journal describes the extensive arrangements made by the Bunker Hill Quartz ha oe pe mnaliing oe auriferous rocks taken out oftheir mine. This willbe the first in- stance in this State of the application of this method of extracting the gold. Tue Wuatgsnip Saratoga, Capt. Parente reported as having gone a@ short distance farther northward, in September last, than ever had been ne trated by any ship, being lat. 71 40 north, and jon. 159 40 west. Asrtonisnine Discovertes.—Some of the most astonishing discoveries of gold we ever heard of bave, during the past week, been made within a mile of this place, in an easterly direction. The whole town in fact seems to have run mad. Tho one hundred and ten feet deep, and commenced paying well at thirty- five feet from the ledge. Another hole, lowerdowa the hill side, has commenced paying at sevon foet from the surface, the owners avering most posi- tively that they get from it five dollars per bucket. A tunnel company has also been formed, aud has commenced operations in the hill. The indications of gold, here, are the same as those on French and Stockton Hills. Unenvian_é Prepicament.—A Frenchman, not over zealous in his cbeyancoe of the fourth com- mandwent, went to cayote in his hole, which was 180 feet deep, on Sunday last. Ho told his partner when ho lowered him down, to come back to hoist him out at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, and with this understanding be descended into tho ‘‘ vasty He had not done much * pic ing,’’ however, beforo he heard the earth above his head crack, and ho vamosed speedily to the otherend of the hole. Ho bad no sooner loft, than |_about two tous of rock, lava, &e , dropped pro- miseuously, covering the pile of earth he had just picked off. Here be waa, with fear depicted on his countenance, not knowing but the next moment be heralded with tho ge “caving in” of whole surrounding earth. There was no ain where he wes till 4 o’clock, when his partner came aud bojeted him up, more dead than alive. Specimen —A pleco of pare gold, weighing 13 ounces, was taken out of the Rich Gulok. [t was a remaikably beautiful specimen, for which the owaer refused three hundred doilars. Vorcano.—A team left Volcano for Sacrameato on Sunday last, containing gold dust to the amoant of one hundred and fifty thousaad dollars. A puard of nine men, owners of the greater portion of this precious freight, accompanied it. Ric Strver M Messrs. Jacks & Wood- rvff have been receiving for some time past sap- phes of rich silver ore from a mino located in Southern California, about fifty miles from San Diego. the A Retrospective Glance at Repudiation, TO THE EDILOR OF THE HERALD. Europe, financial Europe, stood expectant. A convulsion was anticipated that should shake the financial world to ils base. ‘Tha foundations of public credits were about to be broken up. France slumbered, and was expected to awaken, raging in the delirium of @ revolavion. Thread- needle street stood aghast—Lombard street buried ite bands deep in its seuanious pockote, and nervously fingered the polit eaps deposited there. Tho ocfiers of the Bank of England groaned with a glut of gold; treasure, accumulated beyond all previous accumulations, lay a drug, seeking investments. Where should they be made? France trembling over the throws of the slumbering voleano of revo- lution—Austria threatened wi:h republicanism— with Hungary—with France—Austria baukrapt— where should the investments be made? _ Such was tho condition of the California dowered world toward the close of the year 1551. Threadneedle etreet cast an imploring look west- ward, across the Atlantic. Lombard street stretched forth one hand toward Wail street. Shall we make investments yonder, inthe west! said they to each other; shall we cail on Wall stroet? 5 Wall street heard tho whispered queries; Now York raised her head, brightening with the glow of a hope. That hope took form like tnis:—The threatened governments of Europe—the rotten dynasties of Europe, hold forth insufficient security for the investments of tho glutted coffers of financial Europe, They are coming hither, and New York isabout to become the financial and commercial centre of the moneyed world. But they did not come at once. And why tho delay? Threadneedle strect, Lombard street saw & figure, stained and sinister, deliberately turning its back upen a pile of bonds, bearing the imprasa of that figure—bearing its coat of arms aad its Loinbard street draws back, sighing ‘* Mia- ted resources.” geal. c ppi—father of waters—unliu Threadneedle street echoes * M unlimited repudiitions is seen standing out bl le of bonds, and fiaancia The coup d ctat of Ah! be hea not to wait long. is Napoleon bursts upoa hor “order seigus in Wareaw.? Kev g of the volcano stilled; tsno longor heattate be 8 the locwm tenan tention: capital ofthe financial wor! juneiure and on provicus oes Un: States, what has prevente: pudintion : Is there question of this ? 2 the effect produced upon the finan edit of t , as 2 whol tho querist n by a leading bauking house in New York to a correspondent in Boston! ** Tho course pursued by the Vermont Central Railroad Company in regard to their bonds will result in rious injury to New Engle and to Boston in rtieular. One of the largest English houses call- edin a loan on Portland City six per cont bonds for uence of the conduct of ation, and say they py name or kind nf the Vermont epudiation that ons transferred dit butre- Is thers quoation read what is writ: ‘a time become the great heart ho depot for tha it will not roe and banking ; upon a firm foon tion, and “by establisbin; i a now brokencredit, shalt have isspired cond in the minds of capitalists. Repadi is the father of mistrust, and fatal te the existouce of the ever inseparable Carrral anp CRevit. ence Polttient Lotelligence. axpipate ror Guvenxon tv NowtH Canouiva. igh Stor mentions the Hon. Joba D. Toomer g cundidate for Democnatie Brats demcoratic members of ti he democratic patty 0 delegates to a democratic conv Taesdey the State to appoin tion, to asremble at B of March next, for the purpore of electing the Democratic National Convention at Bai: Becnanan Detrcates Evecteo iv P. The Vhilad:lpbia democratic county at Commissioners’ Hall, Northern Liberties, Phil delphis, on Monday night, ord elected eight delegates | to represent Southwark, Weet Philadelp Soring | Garden, Northern Ltberties, and Moyameusing. inthe | Pennsylvania State convention, at Harrirburg.on the 4th of March nest. T' eight new del Pesnsylvanion, ail eet down as Bur State Cosvenrion in Ruone tion will be beld at the Sta’ th th inst .to nominate and general officers for tt snd also to elect four deleg Convention, for the nomina President of the United Stateer. Usiox Mentine ts Grorcia = Ata late Union meeting in Milledgeville, Ga., & resolution was passed setting ferh that as the national democratic porty is more likely then ey other national party to adopt the princi- ples rf constitutional Union organization, therefore the mecting deemed it the tras policy of the Union State Convention to rend delegates to the wext Baltimore De- mecratic Convention Tre Trxas Destocnatic State Coxventiov.~ This body, which met at Austin, on the 8th of January, appoluted the following delegates to represent the Statein the Bal- timore Conventien:—Thomes J. Rask, Col. Mat, Ward, William C. Pollock, Col. O ¥. Johnson Hf J. Jones, Win. P. Duval, BB Hdwards, Col Ed Cia:ke, U. M. Lawson, EB Mabry, Velrey FE. Howard, Charles De Morse, J. W. Scott, James B. Bhepperd, H B. Andrews, B. P ZW. Eddy, Yon. M. A. Dooley, LP. Camp, Sam Bo- gob. Bourry.L. C. Clopton, #. M. Pease, R. HL. Hiord, fames Willie, M.J. lal, 0. B. Stewart, Ashbel #mith, Thos, 1M. Duggen, A. J. Hamilton, ‘The convention sito nominated Lemuel D, Bvans, of Parrison cotmty, sud Guy M. Bryan. of Brazoria county, ‘ar electors for the State at large; and Georce W. Smytn, of Jasper, for the First, and Robert 3. Neighbore, of Bex. er. for Seoond Songrestional District —A_whig House, in Provi- acdidstes for Gov- political yrar ensulog ; vs to the whig Nattonal on of President and Vive ne en! Resolutions were parsed epporing the compromise acts of the Inet Congresa, and recommendin the Sam Houston as ndidate for the Presidency. next democrati av Paincee-We have lately reorived es of the Feuille du Commerce and the dist of December, The political Op the 4th of December, entiovy of the Kureian Eunperor, ved at Hayti, and was received vin T, Couut Meden was going to | mbatk for Mexico, A fire took place | vember, at Cepe Haytion. in the atoro « ‘The lors was estimated at $300,000, | Haytien currency. Two days after, the Emperor ap p d the proposition of an ineurance company agalast logs by fire news is Count Me ecming frein Beas by the Emy Prorosep Dam across tHe DeLawann —A pro | j ir om foot to inorense the capacity of the Trenton | ‘Water Power, by the erection of Jams at Boudder’e and | & , the property of two Germans. | Weils’ falie, on the Delaware, This has alarmed the firh- | o 4 to death, and the sentonca car. | ermer and lumbermen, whore Interests would be seri ion by har i ke wae | affected by roponed dam, abd ibey are wbout t + in ite true light before the State go- | . | mediately available, in an uncoined state, for all | | otber countries, where the productions of the earth The Navigation Laws of the United States The Letter of the Hon. Thomas Butler Hing to the Merchants of California, San Francisco, Nov. 22, 1851, Hos. T. Butter Kine, Coniecror : Sir—Some of the undersigned have heard from you personally, and others by report, that you are of opinion the Navigation Laws of the United States, and also the laws jing the ware- housing of goods, whether for consumption or ox- portation, requires, and should receive, extensive | and important modifications in their application to the Pacific coast, in order to encourage the growth and facilitate the operations of commerce in the port of San Francisco. We, the undersigned, therefore, unite in the ro- quest that you will be kind enough to farnish to | us, in writing, your viows on these subjects, and on | other points concerning the growth and progress of | this State, ia order that public attention may be directed to these important matzers, and such action had on the part of Congress, as shall accomplish | the objects in view. | Respectfully, yeur ob’t serv’ | Brver.ey C. SanpErs, Hussgy, Bono & Hate, Ausor & Co., Procue, Baverque & Co., , Georce Cuirrorp, Joun 5. Manson, | Rover Rocirs, | E. Micxuz & Co. | San Francisco, Nov. 25, 1851. GENTLEMEN—TI havo had the honor, this ovoning, to receive your letter of the 22d inst., requosting my views respec:ing such modidoations of tho navi- gation laws and the laws regulating tho warchou: ing and exportation of merchandise as will relieve the commerce of this city from their prajudical operation, andon other matters intimately con- nected with the growth and progress of this State. As far as timo and the pressing nature of my offisial duties will permit, | hasten to comply with your request. aie No one, | am persaaded, who has not been inti- mately acquainted with the operation of the act of the 2d of March, 1799, regulatiog “tho oollec- tion of duties on imperts end tonnage,” either as a merchant or goverment officer, caa form any jast idea of the injurious effectin this port, of those pro- visions of that law which forbids, under heavy penalties, the introduction of certain articles ex- ceptin certain packages. The 103d sestion pro- hibits the importation of beer, ale or portor, ex- cept in casks of forty gallons, or packages of six dozen bottlee—refined etugar, except in ships or vessels of 120 tons burthen and upwards, and in ca:ks or packages, of not less than 600 pounds each — distilled spirits, except in casks or vessels of 90 gallons wine measure, or wpwards —(brandy is ad- mitted in casks of fifteen gallons orupwards, by a subsequent law of March 2, 1827 2 The samo sec- tion provides that if theze articles are imported contrary to these provisions, they shall bo forfeited, together with tho ship or vessel in which so ic ported. Every onej acquainted with trade or com- mercehere, must be aware that the articles, in email packages, thus prohibited, are the most salo- | able, not only in this but in ali other markots of | the Pacific, and that they ace the very packages | in which these icles are always placed whero | manufactured. They are frequently introduced by | ersons unscquainted with tho law, and who, there- ore, had no intention to violate it. This low was enacted more than half a century ago, when its provisions were belicved to be necessary to en- | courage tho manufacturing and navigating in- | terests of the young republic, but taey cannot | justly be regarded as now necessary for those ob- jects, and especially in their application to the Pavitic coast of the Union. Thoy are not properly a part of the revenge system, and thorefore it can- | notbe doubted that Congress has the power to ro- | lieve this port from their injurious offects, ifit shail | be considered unwise to repeal them altogether. In this State, and in all the countries to the south- ward on the Pacific, pack mules are tho principal mode of conveyance for merchandise to the iuterior, and therefore it is that all the articles above named, of wich vast quantities are consumed, are Tequired to be put upin small packages, and aro not saleable at fair prices in any other. Hence, the very great inconvenionce and loss experienced here from the operation of the section of the act from which I have quoted, in tho importations, both for consumption and exportation. Tho warehousing system may and ought tobe eo modified, without disturbing its operations in the Atlantic cities, as to facilitate the accumula- tion of merchandise here for the supply of all! tho ports cf the Pacific, and, at no distant day, I wast, to epable us to send forth, with the spred of the steam car and ocean steamer, vast quantities of the rich and valuable produsta of India, China, andthe Indian Archipelago, to all parts of the Union and to Ewope. Mouey is now worth ia th city, to the man of buziness, iive per cent a month, or sixty per cent per eonam. 0 one, therefore, can etiord to build warohouses and take mershan- Gise.on storage, unless he charges sac prive por tea per month as will give him a profit on his capital equal to what it would have produced at in- terest. he government of the United Srates could procure, if necessary, aby a:nount of money at five per cent per annum ve Fortucately, how- it docs not stand in need of borrowiag =I has ple revenucs and a largo sarplus in the trea- mens enn, conseqrently, afford es and store goods for one twelfth italist here is com: 0 the usual profits on his investi int. d proper policy, the for the covernmen®’ to pursue, & cms to me, to order the construction, at port, of a suit number of fire-proof warehouses, aadso to modi: the warehousing laws es to charge a small p tum storage on the value or invoice of the mer- | merely suflicient to defray exp 8, in- | x interest on the ovat of the buildings—insiead ofonthe ton measurement. This would enable trade to concentrate at San Francisco will be aided by the course of exe! s “Gold dust is worth $17 per ounce in Chili. It is worth $18 at the United States Mint. there- fore, a merchant in Valparaiso has ten theusand ounces in San Francisco, received in payment for lumber, barley, flour, or Cong acre and 8 an invoice of goods from the United States or Eu- rope, he will gain $10,000 at the outset by sending his goldto New York, besides saving something on the freight and insurance, and at least ono month’s interest. “The countries on the west coast of America have no e: t3 which find a market in Chin, or other ports in Asia. San Francisco will, therefore, become not only tho mart of these exports, bus also of the products and manufactures of Iadia, required in exchange for them, which must be paid for, principally, in gold coin or gold dust. Neither gold coin nor gold dust will answer as a remittance to China. Gold, in China, is not currency in any shape, nor is it received for import duties, or taxes on land, or on the industry of the people. “The value of pure gold in China is not far from $14 the ounce. ence, the importer of the manu- factures and products of India into San francisco, will remit the gold coin or dust direct to Now York, for inveetient in sterling bills on London. These bills will be sont to London, and placed to the ore- dit of the firm in China, from whom the merchan- dise had been received, and who, on learning of the remittance having Rone forward to their agents, will draw & six months’ sight bill for the amount, which will sell in China at the rate of four shillings and two or three pence per dollar. “*T have a statement before me from ona of tho mosteminent merchants and bankers of New York, who was for many years engaged extensively ia the India trade, which shows that the profit er gain on ten thousand ounces of gold, thus remi:. ted, would be..... rin easter see SS LASE ME And that the loss on the same quantity, eent direct to China, would be. ++ $15,600 00 ‘Total difference in protit and loss in favor of the remittance to New York......$50,034 41 “Jt will thus be perceived that natura hag so arranced the winds and curronts of the Pacific, aud disposed of her vast treasures in the hills and mow tains of California, as to give to the harbor of Sin Francisco the control of the commerce of that ocean, as far as it may be connected with the wost coast of America.” ‘The clipper ships recently arrived here, andthoso which wil! follew them in rapid succession, wil very soon produce the state of commercial inter- eourse pointed out in the above quotation. The great measures which are to give to San Francisco an importance and a commerce second to no place on the continent, excopt New York, are the establishment of a line of steamers to Chiaa and tho construction ofa railway from this harbor to connect with the railways now in progress from the Atlantic cities to the valley of the Mississippi The electric telegraph will, of course, bo a con- comitant of thia great work, and plase us in daily and hourly communication with all parts of the Union. Many pleas have been proposed for the construction of this line of commuonication—a grant of public land sixty miles wide along the route of the road—an issue of ono or two hundred millions of government stock—a sale of the gold region and an application of the proceeds tothe work. Theso scbemes do not, in my epinion, merit the confidense or favor of the people or the goverament. | will not stop to enumerate or consider the objections which present themselves to each of these projects. It is well known they have met with little favor, and there is little probability that either of them will be carried into effect. Scme more simple, efficient and feasible plan must be devised, or this important work will be delayed for many years. By way of cuntributing my mite to the common stock of ideas on this subject, 1 bog to make the following suggestions:—Let the govern- ment order an immediate survey of tho routes sup: posed to be practicable, and as soon as the location shallhave been made, offer a guarantee for forty years of six per cent per annum on the cost of the road, to take effect on the complotion of the work. This done, the road will be mado within the short- est possible period of time, and the government will never be called on to ay one dollar. This, I think, can be very easily Aes Tho number of persons coming to and going from California, amount to an average of about sixty thousand per annum, at a cost of not less than three hundred dollars cach, which makes a sum total of eighteen millions of doliars as the annual expense of the emigration to and from this State. ‘his does not, of course, include the transportation of merchan- dise, which must amount, by the present route, to a very large eum. There cannot, it seems to mo, be @ doubt that the receipts of the road, waen completed, will be at least twenty millions per annum. [t we allow ono-half for repairs and ex- penses, there will remain ten millions for divi- dends--or 164 per cent on sixty millions—the esti- mated cost of the work. If the road shall, contrary to all reasonable calculation, cost one hundred mil- liong, there would stiil be a dividend of tea por cent perannum. This would be suflicient to satisfy capi- talists and protect the government. The govern- ment now pays more than eleven hundred thousand dollara for tho semi monthly trausportation of tho mail by steamers via the Isthmusof Panama. For a tri-weekly or daily conveyance of the mail on a railway, the transportion of treops, government officers, agents, and munitions of war, ths govera ment could well afford to pay threo millions six hundred thousand dollars por anuum, which would be the interest ot six por cent per anuum on the estimated cost of the road—$60,000,000. The gua- rantee of six per cent interest on the cost of the work, should be made for the consideration that the mails, government officers, and smunitions of war, should be conveyed on the road daring forty years free of cost. So that if the calsulation bo well- founded, that the road will pay an interest of at least six per cen! per annum, the government will, during the forty years, save more than one hundred the mercbant to store articles cf largo bulk aad value, a6 well as articles of great value and ell bulk. It would so reduce the cost of storage that vast quantities of merchandise from all parts | of the comin i world would accumulate for ex portation end concumption. It would undoubtedly | be wise to extend the privilege of storage to domos- | tic gocde, soes to place them, in that respect, on a | footing with foreign and forty millions of dollars, by simply making the guarantee. This plan obviates all the objections which hare been urged against other schemes, and combines thecredit and power of the government with tho energy, ekill, capital, and economy of individuals. Of course the necessary guards should be throwa around the interests of the government, to secure the completion of the work in tho shortest practica- _ These meacuree, in connection with the modifica- tion of the Collection acts, which ] have suggested, would, in my opinion, greatly facilitate and in- crease the business aud prosperity of this city Lbeg leave to introduce here a few paragray from my report on California, made a tary of Srate, on the 22d March, It bowing the posit of Sau Francisco for a groat commer- cial emporiem:— “ Tho commer 1 resources of California are, at | resent, founded entirely on her metallic weal: her vast minoral treasures remaining undeveloped, and her fertile soil a'most entirely neglected; and | this muet continue to be the ease, so long as labor, employed in collecting gold, shail be more profita- | ble then in any other pursuit which can furnish the | sinews of commerce. “The dey is probably not distant, howover, | when her iincrals, especially the quicksilver | izes, will be extensively and profitably worked. old is the product of the country, and is im- the purposes ef exchange. Itis not thera, as in | and of art are sent to markete—foroign or domes: | tie--to be exchanged for the precious metals, or | other articles of val ‘There, gold not only sup- plies the medium of domestic trade, but of foreign commerce. “At first viow, this state of things would seom to be unfavorable to an eatensive intercourse with ther parts of the world, because of tne want of re- turn freigbts of home production, for the vast num- ber of vessels which will arrive with supplies. “ Those vessels, however, making no calculations on return cargoes, will estimate the entire profits ofthe voyage on their outward freights, and be- come, on their arrival, willing carriers, for a com- peratively emall consideration. “ This tendency in the couree of trado, it would fcem, must make San Francisco a warehouse for the supply, to a certain oxtent, of all the ports of the Pacific, American, Asiatic, and the islands ‘Almost every article now exported by them fines a ready market in Uslifornia, and the estab- lisb ment of a mint will bring there also the silver bullion, amounting to more than ten millions per apsum, from the west coast of Mexico, and, per- ha va from Chili and Pera, to be assayod ied. ‘eesela bound round Cape Horn, with cargoes for markete cn tho American coast of the Pacific, can, by taking advantage of the southeast trade winds, and ‘standing broad off the Capo,’ make the voyago to San Francisco in nearly as short a time as they can to Valparaiso or any port south of | California.” Vessels have sailed from eur Atlantic | orts to San Francisco in jess than one hundred jays,and bag bave been, in more than one instance, over more than one .hundred and twenty days in goirg from Panama to San Francisco. «This astonishing difference in time and distance ‘was caused by the course of the winds, and the guif | stream of the Pacifico, mentioned in my remarks on | the climate of California | * The veesels from our Atlantic ports took advan. | tage of the winds by etecring from the Cape as far | into the P: a8 to be enabled to tako a course west of the gulf stienrn in eriling northward, thus availirg themselve t of the southeast, thon of | the noriheast § tr ond ay § opposing cur- renter. “The veavols from Panama were kopt back by cnlme, adverre winds and ourrents. It will be per- ecived, therefore, that there can be no indasemoent for versels bound round Cape Horn, with mixe nor oited cargoes, to stop atValparaiso, Callao, ( | jul, or any o\her port on the west coast, because | the exporte cf ull there places will seek a markat at San Francisco; and their supply of morchandies, as | return feigbt, wil be delivered at leas expense | the by vercola direct from the Aviantic creap, ‘This tendency of | Dot necessa | Jelanda, ote, ete. ble period, and to cause it to be wellfmanaged and kept in repair. A line of stosmers to China is required, not only ae a means of promoting commertal intercourse, but 28 a means—and probably the best means—of | coast defence intime of war My viows on this subjoct have long since been placed before Congress and the country, aud it is to repeat them hi A communication across the continent by railway and across the Pacific and Atlantic by ocean stoa- mere, will make San Francisco the great point to which the commerse of tho Pacific will converge frem all places east of Singapore, embracing the coast of China, the Indian Archipelago, Australia, and New Zeland, Japan, tho Phillippinos, the Spice ‘Tho subjoined table of distances will show this, as I have already showa our position commands the trade of the American shores of the ie . ey fe 3 e & a a 42 sy) eos ne OL gigas [eek & re | {ig yah ¢g a iy s Es § les ges ig RA RaaRAne g Ef S Ni 7H! (eed ete fel s te 3 27| 26 2 ag 3 aaie $3 q in| * a < “ad Moe zi lee 4 ai S33 BREE met a 3 i, eid 4) 28 §faege3 j ties ee eS SC FOatsEe 3 $3 @ sguace & (3, BSesb3 ai Re 4239 a8 s vitae Fei86 Besa: ge ie £29048 Ay Sansog 8 tat Be PTAg a (A Bshges ga8tga & ieee fidage & iyP anes SatESE elaiiidd sud gegeess HI gaa i a Bagi a | in picooe, and be Ihave thus, gentlemen, thrown together hastily and briefly such views and suggestions as time pers mits, in reply to your communication, and bog to assure you it wili at all times afford me sincere peewee so co-opatnss with you and all others who lan interest in these matters, in such steps as you may think proper to take, for the purpose of inviting the attention of Congressjand the Execu- tiveto those measures which, in ay opinion, 80 much concern the prosperity of the city, the great interests of California, the progress and prosperity of the whole Union. I have the honor to be, gon- tlemen, with great respect, your mest obedient - Burner Kina. servant, Facts for the People, BEING TEN OF ONE HUNDRED REASONS WuY THB NAVY NEEDS REFORM. 1st—Because many of the captains and com: manders in the service have been on shore so long, that they bave forgotten everything practical con nected with their duty. 2d—Beoause many of these grades, who havo been thus idle for from five to twenty-five years past, have received, during this time, from $20,000 to $50,000 each of the taxpayers’ money. 8d--Because the above mentioned captains and commanders, if sent to sea after a long poriod of inactivity, are entrusted with the control of officers and seamen in many ingtacees greatly their supo- riors in intelligence, professional ability, and mo- ral worth. 4th-——Becavee nearly one fifth of the other com- missioned officers of the navy have been eating the bread of idleness from five to twenty live yoars, and are known only by the appearance of their names on the register, or the pay rolls of the station near- est which they mz ance toreside. Sth—Beeause these naval drones within this time have drawn, es pay, from the national treasu- ry, one anda quarter millions of dollars, without having rendored the country any servico whatever for the same, 6:h—Because this inactive portion have beet teadily advancing ia rank all this time, at tho fame pace wish those who have borne tae heatand d who coutinue to hold them- any active or perilous service. or the present system and or- tial, it is almost impossi- gh rank to justice, many of whom ure known to commit with iopudly offences tor which subordivates sro dismissed with- selves in se, wich the exception of a fow ‘ralog ns,” many of which have become obso+ lete or incfiective, there ie no established code for the gevernment of the navy. The duties, as woll as the rights and privileges, of the diflerens grades are but lil defined. They are frequenily made to de- pend upon the whims of a superior, or the variations of custom, which necessarily impair the energy and unity of the service. 9th—Because the navy is oppressed with such anincubus of worn out, superannuated ollicer3, and promotion is thereby rendered so slow that by the time a man is entitled to a command, be has be- come, both physically avd mentally, disqualified for the performance of its duties. 10ih— Because the present system of promotion by seniority, without regard to competency, neced- sarily leads to degeneracy of character, by repres= sing all emulation, the chiet stimulus to profes ioral exertion and improvomont. Those of in« ferior rank know that, if they live sufficiently long, they are sure ef atcaining tho highest positions without an effort. Thusa state of intellectual and moral stagnation is induced, which, together with the abuses above mentioned, calls loudly for ree Bria “Cuatsworti,” form. GipraLtar Bay, Nov. 5, 1851. : Raising of the Remains of the U. S$. Steamship Missouri, §c. Fe. To THe Eprror or re New York Heratp. L arrived here on the 16:h of August, after a very short passage, since which time I have been en- gaged in removing the remains of the United States steam frigate Missouri, which was burned to the water’s edge, and sunk in this bay, on the 26th of August, 1843. Since my arrival, | have been at work on the re- mains of the steamer every day, without intermis- sion, with unbounded success. By tho aid of my sub-marine armor, I havo placed gunpowder under the machinery, and ignited it with a powerful bate tery, which I was compelled to purchase in London. By a succcssion of sub marine explosions under va- rious portions of the machinery, I have deopeneds the water to such an extcnt that any vessel can now float over the wreck with perfect safety, ale hough, when I arrrived, there was not over two feet of water above various portions ofthe machinory, euch as wheels, cranks, shaft, and the timbers of the :unken vessel, (Taylor's reports to the contrary, otwithstanding ) 1 have with mo thres American ivers, besides the crow of my vessul, who can also dive with the greatest facility, and do their work in most satisfactory mannor, producing result: traly etonishing. When I dst arrived, the English rosidents of thig place would not beliove that 1 could accomplish anything, as they cid not think “hat any good could come out of Nezareth,” particularly when an Epglish contractor had failed, after working threo years. I accomplished more in three weeks than he did in as ney, years, although he was here under more favoreble cizcametances, from tho fact that the stoamer had just sunk, and every portion could be even from the surface of the water, (which was, upon my arrival, completely covered with oysters and shelis,) and tho nuts could be unsore vod, an the keys driven out, thereby disconnecting the ma« obinory under water, which are now completely co« vered with rust, rendering them impervious either to wrerch or hammer. Noiwithstandiag these ob- stacles,! have remo riy all of her machinery, and am now rapid! ng the hull of tho vessel pg them to the surface of the water. During the ensuing summer, I antioi; that I shall entirely remove her remains, and a, ho vestige of the illfated steamer in this Arbor. By the aid of a cand torpedo that Tinvented just bofcre leaving America, 1 have been enabled to place gunpowd th the eand, at any anglo, ater, and at my greatest facility, and greatest utility in my Our Gibraltar Correspondence. have found it to bo o | Operations on the Missouri. After 1 bad blasted and broken asunder of the machinery, | commenced hoisting the ieces, somo of them woighing fourteon tons, and assure you that powerful purshases had to be constiucted to lift h massive weights of iron. Still, it is accomplished, and @ majority of the werk is completed. I have had a proposition to remove tho Pearl Rock, as it is called, v is located in the Straite of Gibraltar, and is quite dangerous to navigation, and several vesicls have been Jost uponit. I have also received @ proposiiion to remove an obstraction in the harbor of Constantinople. Whetber I shall accept either of the above propositions, | amas yet quite undecided. I am at present also engaged in raising a French bark, runk off tho Spanisa town of Algoviras, (op+ kite here.) She lics in one hundred feet of water. have already sinng hor with five chaias, and have two hulksover her. Yesterday the 4th, ! raised her eighteen feet. She bas a valuable cargo, among which ia eighty whole pipes of brandy, and between forty and s:xty thousand frencs in specie, 1 am to reecive one half tor raising her. Joun E Gowen, American contractor for removing tho wrock of the U. 5. steam frigate Missouri. Awful Tragedy tn Mi ppl. (From the Memphis ( ) Bogie | We have just received the particulars of ono of the most horrible tragedies it has ever been our duty to chronicle. It seems that threo of the negroes of Mr. Joha D. Watkins, who resided in the castern part of Do Soto county, near the line of Marshall, and not far from Byhalia in the latter county, formed tho design, last week, of murdering their master on his return from this city, whore ho was then absent on business. ‘I'boy oxpected him to return home in the night of Thureday last, and intended to waylay bim before he reached tho house, and effect their heilirh purpose. Contrary to their expectations, Mr. W. arrived before night- fall, and thus momentarily thwarted the infamous plot. On Friday morsiug, however, on his going out toaclearing where tiuy were at work, they attacked him with axes, broaling his skull at every stroke, and causing instnut death. After porpo- trating the horrid deed, they felled a tree across the dead body, and reported that their master had been accidentally killed by its failing. Thoy also built @ brush fire over the spot whore tho murder Was committed, in ordor to consnme tho blood which flowed from bis wounds. But before tho intermont of the body, the suspicions of tho coms u y wore aroused and, on examination, is wad found that the wounds had been otod with am axe. The negroes—two men and 8 non wero arrested, and, on being questioned, » nfersed the whole story of their diabolical guilt ne above related, On Sunday evening following, 010 ex- asperated citizens mot togothor and meted oat to — tho two men that swift retribution which passion, not reason, dictates, and which so atrocious a orimo only could palliate, bardiy justify. They wore taken to the place of the murder and hung fo the nearest tree. Tho woman (who had assisted in burning out the gory traces of tho foul deod) wes only saved from aliko fate by the fact that sho was crcuente.