The New York Herald Newspaper, January 7, 1852, Page 1

— ~'THE NEW YORK.HERALD. WHOLE NO. 17012 we QNTERESTING FROM ALBANY. ASSEMBLING OF THE LEGISLATURE. THE ELECTION OF OFFICERS. ‘Bxcitement in the Senate Belative to the Oust- ing Vote of the Lientenant Governor. THD GOVERNOR'S ’ ANNUAL MESSAGE. Financial, Commercial, and Social Condition of the State, ‘ &e. &e. &o. @ur Special Telegraphic Correspondence. Apany, January 6, 1862. ‘The Senate met at 12 o'clock, and the members were, Bworn into office by the Lieutenant Governor. Every Benator was present. Mr. McMurray offered a resolution appointing Ira P. Barnes clerk. The vote stood 16 to 16, and the motion ‘was adopted by the casting vote. Another resolution, declaring Arthur N. Beardsley ser- geant-at-arms, was offered, and alsodeclared carried by the same vote. Mr. Baboock (whig) appealed from the decision of the Chair. Upon this motion a long discussion ensued. On the part of the whigs, it was contended that the presiding officer had no right to vote, not being, as they alleged, a member of the Senate. The democrats maintained the ground that the Lieu- tenant Governor possessed the right to vote upon all questions where the Senate wasa tie. ‘The vote was then taken upon the appeal, and the de- cision of the chair was sustained by the casting vote. y Mr. Babcock then moved for a reconsideration, when -adebate sprung up, which occupied the Senate until ‘balf past three o’clock. Among the speakers on the whig side were Messrs. “Y= Babcock, Tabor and Van Schoonh*ven, who charged the President with usurping power never before exercised, in ‘voting to sustain his ewn decision. ‘The epeakers on the democratic side were Messrs, Con- ger, Pierce and Bristol, who sustained the President in the course he bad taken. Lieutenant Governor Church defended his position in @ lucid speech of fifteen minutes, giving his reasons for ‘voting upon a tie, and declared it as his constitutional duty, which he should exercise whenever he thought proper so to do. Dis remarks were applauded by a crowded Senate chamber. Mr. Babcock finally withdrew his motion to reconsider when the eubject was dropped. ‘The door keepers, as agreed upon in democratic cau- ‘Cus last night, were then appointed. Among the debaters, several of the new Senators, be- jonging ‘to both partied} exhibited considerable talent and eloquence. ‘At half past three o'clock, the Senate became or; ‘nized. The Governor’s message was then received and ead, and the Benate adjourned. ‘The House met at twelve o’clock, when all the whig officers agreed upon in caucus, last night, were con- a Grmed. The Speaker, Mr. Heartt, received 63 votes against 59 given for Mr. Hatch, the democratic candi- date. Mr. Walsh presented a petition of Mr. Smith, (dem.) of New York, contesting the seat taken by Mr. Bnow: . (whiz), in the House. A few ordinary resolutions were adopted, when the ‘Governor's message vias received and read, and the Hous then adjourned till to. morrow morning, )% All the members of the Court of Appeals were present ] this morning, at the commencement of the January term. This court now consists of Charles ii, Ruggies, Chief Justice ; Addison Gardizer, Freeborn @. Jewett, * Alex. 8. Johnson, John W. Edmonds, Malbone Watson, Philo Gridley,and Henry Wells, Judges. Ww. NEW YORK LEGISLATURE. Senate. Aunany, Jan. 6, 1852, THE FLECTION oF OFFICERS. ira P. Barnes, (dem.) was elected Clerk, after a long debate, by a majority of one. The vote stood 16 to 165, Benator Wright, (whig,) of Washington county, not voting Charles Lee, (dem.) of Yates, was elected Sergeant-at- Arms, by 16 to15. A. W. Beardsley was elected Doorkeeper, and George Beed. Assistant. The Senate being declared orgenized for business, the Clerk shortly after proceeded to read the GOVERNOR’S MESSAGE. Bevrow Orrizers or tHE Senave AND OF THE ASSEMBLY c= ‘The opening of the seventy-fifth annual sezsion of the lature Of New York, since the establisnmeat of our republican constituffdb, is an event peculisrly sugges- tive of grateful memories and patriotic hopes. Three- quarters of a century have passed away since onr auces uniting with the sister colonies in renounetng de- lence on® distent monarchy, and appealing to Heaven for the justice of their cause, proclaimed the sa- ored right of self-government, and assumed the attitude of a free and sovereigu State. It is profitable to recur to ? the spirit of wisdom and patriotism which guided our isl councils at that trying period. Compelled to deliberate amid the strife of opposing armies, and sur- sounded by difficulties which called for the highest exer- cise of capacity and energy, your early predecessors gained a double title tothe public gratitude. While their | prudent but vigorous measures sustained our arms and carried the country in triumph through its long straggle for independence, they accomplished the more difficult work of framing a system of repressntative g»verament based upon principles of justice, equality, und sosial order, combining popular freedom with those salutary restraints which bistory had shown to be necessary for the protection of the citizen in the peaceful enjoyment of his rights Experience has vindicated the wisdom of the political theory adopted by the statesmen of the revolutionary era, ‘Within a period comparatively brief in the history ) -ef governments, the American Union has attained a prominent rank among the nations of the earth; and New York, the feeble and bleeding colony of 1776, has become a greet and powerful commonwealth, holding a high place among the States of the confederacy. Under the beneficent operation of free principles, our progress bas been rapid beyond example. ‘The blessings of liberty and security have stimulated the best energies of our peo- ple and developed their capability for moral, intel- tectual and physical improvement, A syrtem of education by which knowledge is placed ‘within the reach of all, and our youth are taught to com- prehend the rights and duties of citizenship; the supremacy of law and order; a rapid proficiency in the arts which multiply the enjoyments and elevate the charaoter of society; artificial communications copnect- ing the ocean with the lakes beyond our borders, and dis- pensing to every section cf the Btate the benetits of easy jnteresuse; the consequent advancement of every agri- cultural, mechanical and commercial interest, are re- « sults which serve to demonstrate the advantagesof free institutions, and the capacity of our people to preserve them in their original vigor and integrity, When we contemplate a scene so gratifying, and re- lect upon the progress that has made by the in- habitants of this continent in the short space of two centuries, in advancing the welfare of mankind. the mind is filled with gratitude towards the Supreme Ruler of the world, whose moral government guides the destiny ‘of nations. In the discharge of my obligation to communicate to the Legislature information respecting the condition of the State, I would first invite your attention to the situa: tion of the finances. The amount of the State debt at the clore of the last Ascal year, (eptember 30, 1851,) was as follows :— Canal debt...... $15,301,109 16 General Fund de! 6,389,693 32 $21,600,802 43 showing a reduction of principal in the past year of $40,000. It in believed that the amount of the debt, as now reported by the financial departments, cannot be materially varied by the unliquidated claims existing anterior to the creation ef the sinking funds by the con stitution of 1846. At that time large sums were due to citizens on canal sontracts partly executed, and for private property taken for canal purposes. These claim: constituted, in fact, a part of the public debt thon subsisting, and the Legisla- ture afterwarda made them expressly chargeable upon the Canal Sinking Fund. But as the amount due on them was uncertain, and could not be ascertained until a final adjudication by the Canal Appraisers or (he Gxnal Board, this portion of the liability was not included in the original or subsequent exhibite of the fanded dv bt Hence the payments made from the Sinking und on that clars of obligations, though reducing the debt ip reality, did net diminich the apparent amount «s in tev anpun! Leport of onisianding sto ‘The me the unliquidated claims hare now been extinguished and he future reduction, by the operation of the Ainking Fund, will be regular and rapid, and _more effective than beretofore upon the funded debt. It is safeto assume that the entire debt eng St the stonton of the pre- sent constitution, will be by the annual con- tributions from the canal revenue to the Sinking Funds, within reventeen years. ‘Tke amount of money in the Treasury, on the 30th of September, belonging toall the funds. was $1,807,048 25, The balance in favor of the General Fund, on that day, ‘was $15,753 87. It is estimated that the current reve nues of the General Fund, during the present fiscal year, will be sufficient for all the ordinary expenses of overnment, including the special appropriations made re the last Legislature. This estimate does not include the moneys to be derived from the next tax sale, which is to be held before the close of 1852, and which will yield about $175,000; nor the further amount due the treasury for arrears of taxes useessed on mutual insur- ance companies and certain Indian reservations, from which about $150,000 ought to be realized in the course of the coming year. Proceedings in relation to some of these taxes have been long pending in the courts, and it is hoped they will soon be brought toa final decision. In considering the various applications that will come before you for grants of bina in sid of public enter. prises, it is important to keep in view the actual condi- tionof the Treasury, and to limit the sppropriations within the reliavle revenues of the General Fund. This fund is fully sufficient for all ordinary purposes, sw#long as our legislation is governed by correct views of eco- vomy; and the additional resources above referred to will enable you to make some provision for new objects of public utility. ‘n selecting those objects, you will doubtless exercise a just discrimination, independent of all extraneous in- fluences; and in the ordinary appropriations it is be- lieved that some reductions may be made without injury to the public service. ‘The act passed by tho last Legislature, intended to compel the assessors to estimate taxable property at its full value, has resulted in a large increase of the valua- tion. In'1850, the entire real and personal estate was ussesced at $727,404,583; in 1851, the total assessment was about $11(0,000,000, being an increase of nearly $400,00(,0€0. ‘This produces @ corresponding increase in the proceeds of the half mill tax, which is predicated on the entire valuation. The State tax ought not, under any circumstances, to be larger than is necessury for the support of @ wise and economical administration I would recommend & careful exautination of the subject, witb a view to determine whether the half mill tax may not eafely be recuced to a emaller ratio, Notwithstand- ing the importact amendments adopted by the last Legislature, it is believed that the assessment laws require soe further modifications for the purpose of securing a wore equitable distribution of the public burthens, While real estate of every description is assessed at its full value, considerable maxses of capital, in other forms, continue to escave taxation. This inequality should be removed. Justice and good policy require that all pro- perty baving the protection of our laws should be reached by assessment, and made to sustain the public authorities, upon principles of uniformity; except in ape- cial cases, Where it may be deemed beneficial to the State to grant an exemption from taxation by express legisla- tion. oi ‘The amount derived from the canal revenues, during the last fiscal yeur, was $3,722,163 11; being an increase Of $235,060 81 over the receipts of the previous year. After deducting the expenses of superintendence and repairs, and contributing $200,000 for the sup; government and $1,650,000 for payment of inter reduction of principal of the State debt, there remained @ surplus of §964432 91 applicable to the completion of the Erie Canal enlargement, and the Genesee Valley and Black River Canals. It should be remembered, in this connection, that the increase of tonnage was in a larger proporiion than the increase of revenue, the rates of toll on flour and wheat having been reduced 25 per cent at the commencement of the leet season of navigation. Some progress bas been made in the execution of the net passed July 10, 1851, » for the completion of the Erie Canal Enlargement and the Genesee Valley and Black River Canals.” In pursuance of its provisions, the Comptroller has issued six per cent revenue certificates to the amount of $1,600,000, for which a small premium was realized. A porticn of the proceeds has been ex- pended in forwarding that part of the work which had previously been put under contract, as exhibited in the Inst annual report of the State Engineer and Surveyor. ‘The Canal Board having first given the public notice re- quired by law, have received propozals aud awarded contracts for executing the remainder of the work at prices considerably below the Engineer’s estimates, upon whichthe recent law predicated; and the early completion of the three canals provided:for by the con- stitution, may now be regarded as a point defluicely cet- led. It is a subject of sincere congratulation that the mea- sur adopted at the last session, to éxpedite the prosecu- tion of the unfinished works, has received the sanction of public opinion, expressed in the choice of official ageuts whose views in favor of the policy, and whose determina. tion to co-operate in the vigorous execution of the law, were openly declared. While enlightened men of all par- ties have long seen and felt the importance of speedily peieint our internal communications, on which so many milltons have been expended, it cannot be deemed surprising that honest differences of opiniop should have existed as to the precise mode and manner of attaining the object. The svirited ussions of the last year ap- Pear to have produced a s éoarietion in the public mind that the plan adopted is the most feasible and judi- cious that could be devised, within the limitations estab- liched by the financial provisions of the constitution. Happily for the public welfare, our internal improvements have been rescued from the strife of parties, and must now cease to be aeubject of political controversy. Icon- sider it a proud day for the commonwealth when its lead- ing statesmen of both political parties, emerging from unfavorable antecedents, are found concurring in support of a wise and liberal policy, and vieing with each other in a spirit of generous emulation and patriotic zeal for the advancement of a work which had become so essen- tial to the public prosperity. Nothing remains but to proceed with united councils in carrying out thesystem which is now regarded on all hands as fixed andestablished. In our future delibera- tions on the subject, former prejudices are to be discarded ond paet divisions forgotten. Let us come tegether ina spirit of mutual confidence, and unite our efforts to guard and protect the public interests, in disposing of the various questions that must arise from time to time in the progress of this great undertaking. In this, asin the management of all our pubsic conceras, especiall those of a practical business character, party spirit should be banished utterly, asthe worst enemy of the people, The. completion of the-canals is predicated upsn the surplus tolls set apart for that purpose by the conatitu- tion. The revenue certificates authorized by the exist- ing law operate, in effect, as a transfer of these gurplus tellr, in anticipation of their receipt, without any obll- gation or guarantee on the part of the State for the redemption of the certificates from any other fund. It was evident from the first, that the success of the plan must depend upon the degree of confidence entertained by the pubiie in the future sufficiency of the Canul re- venues ‘The steady increase of the western trade, as exhibited by the returns irom year to year, ought to dissipate all apprehensions concerning the future productivensss of the source from which the certificates are to be redeem- ed. Ithas been shown that the aunnal contributions to the Sinking Fund (being $1,650,000 until 1865 and af- terwards $2 050.090 per annum) will discharge the en- tire State debt in about seventeen years. When that result ehali have been reached, inasmuch as no new cebt can be charged upom the surplus canal revenu they will bo released end become exclusively applicabl by express constitutional requirement, to pay the certi cates iseued for completing the canals, unless the sur- plus shall have proved sufficient to extinguish them at an esrlier day. If past results furnish a safe indication of the fature business of the canal, it can hardly be doubted that the annval surplus will discharge tne cer- tificates in a shorter period than is required for the pay- ment of the present debt; but if thisanticipation should be disappointed, they will be rapidly extinguished after the existing stock shall have been paid. The extent of the annual surplus must depend upon (be prudent regulation of the canal tolls. That impor. tant responsibility has been devolved upon the Canal Board, subject to the control of the Legislature. It is made their duty by the 11th section of the act of the last seaion, to adjust the rates “in such manner as in their judgment will produce the greatest amount of tradeand revenue.” The whole commanity are concerned in the wise and faithful performance of this obligation. It is of vitalimportence to the rights cf public creditors and the roundners of a large portion of our currency. While good faith and so many pervading interests concur in demanding stability, there can be no gooa cause for ap- prohending that the representatives of the people will venture upon rash or doubtful experiments. Neductions of toli on certain articles have resulted in an increase o/ trade and revenue; and the same policy may doubt less be extended with advantage to some additional branches of tonnage, such as cotton, tobacco, &c., from the States in the Southwest. But constant care and an enlightened discrimination will be required to avoid all reductions which are calculated to affect the revenue unfavorably, until the obligations resting upon the canal incomes shall shall have been satisfied. It should be copstantly borne in mind that, inasmuch as the reve- nues havo been pledged for the sproitic payment of the debt and the redemption of the certificates, we no longer possess the moral or constitutional right to make changes which ehallimpair their sufficiency for these purposes ‘The funds Uevoted to school purposes are believed to be in a safe and healthy condition, On the 30th of 8ep- tember, the capital of these several funds was as fol- lows = Common School Fund United States Deposit Literatore Fund...... vee 272,880 12 ~—making an aggregate of $6,612 850 56 investedia pro- ductive securiti:s for the advancement ‘of education. Tie ancual report of the Superintendent will preeent view of the operations of our common school ++ $2,925,449 72 ++ 4,014,520 TL ber of children taught during the year waa whole amount expended for teachers’ including books for echcol libraries, was Under the present law, the State furnishes { the amount required annually for the sup- the distrlot eehools, viz: $300.000 from the in- chool fund, and_ $800,000 required to be by State tax. It is estimated that the hed from ths treasury will be sufficient to make the schools free for six months leaving it for each district to provide : : pass! sa such additional p:riod as the ae ve tauaghy paxsel by Che Inet Legislature was adopted as @ ove cf coniicting opinions, and appeare to have 1 with general favor by the community. It WALES LY Lay gomtpoversign produced by the wa- equal tion of the law of 1849, which had for some time agitated the public mind and kept the districta in a state of ferment nm. Itis [pipes to observe the re- turn of that harmony which is essential to the succesafal working of a system of popular education. In consider+ ing any further changes that may be proposed, we shoula endeavor to avoid any experiment calculated to a duee the divisions that have been so happily, but with so much difficulty, healed. In pursuance of a resolution of the last Assembly, I appointed Samuel 8. Randall a Commissioner to embod: ina single act a common school code for the State. His report will be placed before you at an early day, and will doubtless receive the respectful eonsideration dus to re- commendations coming from one whose long experience and enlightened zeal in the cause of education are widely and justly appreciated. ‘The ordinary appropriations in support of colleges were omitted by the two last Legislatures. The present condition ef the United States Deposit Fund is such as to juntify a moderate grant in ald of the higher institutions of learving, and 1 would renew the recommendations in thelr favor, contained in my last anaual Soe Be. veral new institutions, includiog the Genesee (ollege and the Rochester University, which have not yet enjoyed the public bounty, present strong claims to ensouray ment, and it would eeem but just and reasonable that they should be admitted to an equal participation in the patronage of the State ‘The University of Albany has been orgenized under favorable auspices, and if the de- sign of its patrons and professors shall be realized, it will ultimately be made equal to the best universities of Euwope. Muob interest has been manifested for some years past in favor of creating nn institution for the advance- ment of agricultural science, and of knowledge in the machanic ats. The views in favor of this measure ex pressed in wy last annual communication, remain un- changed My‘mpressions are still favorable to the plan of combining in one college two distinct depar:ments for instruction in agricultural and mechanical seience; dnt many, whore opinions are entitled to weight, coutend that a separate establishment for each branch would be most advantageous to both. Before adopting uny final action on the subject, the merits of tae several systems of crganization that have been proposed, should be maturely considered, I would respectfully recomea snd that « sufficient portion of ihe proceeds of the next sale of lands for taxes be appropriated to the erection of an inetitution which shall stand as a lasting memorial of our munificenee, and contribute to the diffasien of the useful sciences and the elevation of the producing classes, during all future time, Uur charitable institutions continue to fulfil the bene- ficent purposes for which they were designed. ‘he par. ticular condition of these estublishments will be preaent- ed in the annual reports of their officers. We may cortemplate with intense satisfaction the blessings that have been conferred upon the children of adversity by the humane apirit of our past legislation. The State has given ite powerful aid to every pian ef practical philan- thropy calculated to ameliorate the condition of the un. tortunate, So far as human skill can supply the facul- ties of which they have been deprived by their Creator, the blind have been made tore2, the deaf to near, and the dumb to speak. Liberal provision has been made for estitute; the paternal guardianship of the Legislature has been extended to the fatherless, the ineane, and even to the idiotic. I cannot too strongly con mend the agencies by which these generous aime are accomplished, to your fostering care and attention, It appears irom the official report that the number of inmatesin the State Lunetic Asylum at Utica, onthe <0th November last, was 425; the number in the lunatic asylum on Blackwell’s Island, on the 20th of December, Was 523. My The total number of insane persons in this State in 1850, as shown by the ceneus of that year. was 2,506, of whom 1.106 were in asylums, leaving 1400 to be sup- ported in private families cr poor houses. It is evident, therefore, that some further provision ought to be made for the relief of this unbappy class of our feliow boings. ‘he number cf pupile in the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, at the close of thejycar, was 244, of whom the State supports 160. The New York Ixatitution for the Blind contained 139 inmates, of whom 86 are State beneficiaries. In pur- suance of the act parsed by the last Legislature, the trustees appointed for the purpose have established an usylum for idiots. They have fortunately secured the services of Dr. H. B. Wilber, as Buperintendent, whose efforts for the improvement of imbeciles have been at- tended with great success. A suitable building was pro- cured in the vicinity of this city, and the school bas been opened under encouraging circumstances, The re port of the trustees wili present their proceedings more Tully, and impart some valuables information in regard to the merits and prospects of this noble undertaking The Houses of Refuge for the reformation of juvenile delinquents bave been administered with a degree of fidelity and euccess which reflects high credit upon the manzgers cf those institutions, At the date of the last return the number of inmates wasas follows:— New York House of Refuge « 893 Western = do, do... . 128 Some furiber legislation is recommended in regard to youthful convicts between the ages of sixteen and twen- ty. Asthe power of the courts to send delinquents to the Houses of Refuge is confined to persons under the ry of sixteen, Many young OM cacers Who have passed t age are sentenced to hard labor in the State prison fora term of years Some of them are the victims o: abandopment, ignorance, and vicious associations; an if placed in @ proper schcol for reformation, might be restored te virtue and prepared for a life of honest indus. try. Itis worthy of consideration whether a separate department for this class of offenders should not be added to our iidyerd houses of refuge, or erected as a distinct establishment. The important institutions in the city of New York, under the supervision of the Governors of the Alms House, are in excellent order and condition, The ex- penses have been largely reduced, the discipline im- proved, and every branch ef their management gives evidence of #kill, efficienoy, and fidelity, Aiter the adjournment of the last Legislature, regard- ing it as @ duty to obtain the best informationon subjects pertaining vo my official action, 1 visited each of the State Prisone, and made a personal exemination of their condition. The result was, in most respects, highly satisfactory. Great improvements have been made in the system of prison management and discipline. Ex- perience has shown tkat a humane administration is more favorable to subordination then stern, despotic teverity. Every practicable arrangement seems to have been made for the health, comfort, and morel improve- ment of the convicts Much praise is due to the officers, cheplains aud physicians for their efforts to amend the condition and reform the minds of the wretched beinus who have been banished from society to expiate their offences against its laws, Many have been redeemed from the deepest degradation by the in- fluence of kindly teaching aud example. The endeavors of the inspectors to improve the financial management of the prisons have been attendea with considerable success, No branch of the public service reyuires more eonstant vigilance to ensure integrity and economy in the expenditures A striking improvement is percepti- ble in tho affairs of the Sing sing prison. For the first time in many years. its officers deem it unnecessary to call on the Legislature for pecuniary aid. ‘The finances of the Auburn prison are in a less prospe- rous condition, and a considerable appropriation will be required for its support. This necessity has been pro- duced partly by @ large expenditure in ereeting new buildings, which had become indispensable. From a careful examination of the subject, [am con- vinced that the unfavorable results at the Clinton pri- son may be attributed in part te the incomplete ex tion of the original plan, which included the neces works for making iron and manufacturing it in some of itsruderforms. That part of the design has been ne- glected. No forges or furnaces have been erected, and the employment of prisoners has consisted 1n excavating and separating the ore—an operation which affords but little profitin the present condition of the iron et. ‘The difficulty has been increased by the faiiure of OFe on the land held by the tate, making it necessary ts pay » heavy rent for the privilege of working om an adjacent tract A result much more favorable may be produced by erecting furnaces for amelting and manufacturing the ore on a scale sufficient for the employment of two or three times thefpresent number of convicts. The addi- tional expense of maintaining a larger sumber would be comparatively small. The labor of the convicts would be much more remunerative in the manufacture than the excavation of the ore. Other than financial consi- derations may be urged in favor of this policy Complaints continue to be made of the employment of toolarge ashare of the convict labor in mechanical 00- cupations, which conflict with the interests of honest citizens engay in similar pursuits. This evil, unavoidable to acertain extent, should be diminished as far as practicable. A leading motive in the estaviishment of the Clinton prison was to withdraw « large class of prisoners from mechanical employments. tnt that purpose has been only partially fulfilled Aside from other inducements, | am of opinion that the man- agement of all the prisons would be improved by trans- ferring some of the conviets fram Auburn and Sing ding to Clinton. At Auburn the number of prisoners rome. times exceeds the number of cells, The increase of crim- inals consequent upcn the growth of population and o'her causes, will soon produce the same result at Sing Sing, The evils produced by overcrowding the prisons beyond their regular capacity, are too serious to be tole- rated, It cannot be doubted that the fature neceesities of the State will require @ third prison. After making so large an expenditure upon the establishment at Ciin- ton, its abandonment cannot be seriously entertained, and I would rec: mmend that proper measures be taken for erecting such works as are necessary to carry the original devign into full effect. The number of convicts inthe several State prisons on the first of December last, was as follows :— Sing Sing 830 Auburn ™ Clinton 118 TOUAL. .sssscsscsercevecssveveneveccerscecee e ohiTld ‘The number pardoned from these prisons during the laet yeor, was 104. The annual list of reprieves, commu- tations and pardons, will be transmitted in @ special cemmunication, In the exercise of the pardoning power, one of the most embarrassing and delicate prerogatives that can be confided to human diveretion, I have endes- vored to act upon correct views of jystice, humanity and public peliey, Error in the conviction, undue severity of punishment, lors of health, produced or aggravated by long confinement, and fervice rendered to the State by the discovery of accomplices, have been regarded as the only legitimate grounds fer the indulgence of clemency, In the discharge of this difficult duty, [ have been impressed with the importance of a careful revision of our criminal awe for the purpore of making the punishment of certain crlmes{more propcrtionate to the grade of oftenee. Some ot the provisions of our statutes are productive of ine- qualities which violate the seuse of justice, and bis evil is eggravated by a want of uniformity in the action of the local courts. ‘The amount fixed by the present law to distinguish grand fiom petitlarceny, should be , and in certein cases the minimum term of imprisonment in the Btate prison, which is now established at two years, ought to be reduced to one year. An ext number of capital offences, and a considerable increase in other crimer, hi de the last a memorable year in the judicial State. This melancholy fact must be attributed in a pre degree to the prevalence of intemperance in our citi nd larger toWns—a weaving evil which has be- come the most prolific source of wretchedness, pau- perism and crime. During the year, seventeen persons were found guilty of murder and three of arson in the first degree ; and several more are in prison awaiting trial. O. the num- ber thus convicted six have been executed ; the sen- tences of five have been commuted to imprisonment for life, and nine await the time fixed or to be fixed for their execution, The duty of the Executive in relstion to crimes punishable with death is highly responsible and paintul. In most eases strong appeals are made by the ‘friends and relatives of the convict for an exsccise of the ‘doning power; and if this effort proves unsuo- cessful, the courts are resorted to for relief, frequent'y upon points having little connection with the guilt or innecence of the accused, but involving merely some question of form or regularity in the proceedings, In prosecutions where human life is at stake, the greatest care ebculd be observed to see not only that the con- victicn is intrinsically just, but in accordance with established principles of iaw, My reflections upon the eubject have produced a bo- lief that the ende of justice would be promoted by sub- mitting every capital conviction to a review by the Judges of the 8upreme Court, before fixing a day for the execution of the sentence. It should be made the da of the presiding Jnuge of the Oyer and Termine which the trial is held, to report the evidence and all the proceedings to the Supreme Court of the district, and that tribunal should be required, at its next general term, to examine the case and decide upon the legality othe conviction. If they confirm the sentence, they should fix a day for its execution, and report their deci- sion to the executive. Such a review as it now sugzest- ed, would secure to every convict, however friendless, the substantial be aefits of au appeal, in which his rights would receive deliberate and impartial consideration; it would relieve the pardoning power trom wu oppressive portion of its reepopaibility; and Lcannot doubt that in many cates which give rise to diflrences of opinion in the community, a judicial proceeding of the character proposed would strengthen public confidence in the jus. tice of the sentence, and induce more general acquies- cence in the propriety of its execution. It affords me mucn satisfaction to refer to the good Management and excellent condition of the Albany Penitentiary, in which the convicts for minor offsuces in this and several adjucent cowoties are imprisoned, A personal cxamioation of the establishment enables me to rpeak of its administration, and especially of the im provement in discipline and economy, in terms of sincere epprobaticn. it appears from the information furnished by the Commissioners of Kmigration, that nearly 300,000 emi- grants were landed at the port of New York during the lat year, The most gratifying success has attended the efforts of the Board to provide fer the wants and better the condition of the destitute strangers who are coming amongst us in such extraordinary numbors More than 20,000 of the sick and helpless were received during the year into the institutions under the charge of the Commissioners; employment for nearly an equal number was obtained through their friecdiy agouoy many thousands were forwarded to the interior ut the expense of the emigrant fund; and effectual measures were employed to protect the whole body of emigrants from those neferiour tgauds which had been practised for years with compatetive impunity. By the estab- lishment of the present system. and ite faithtul adminis tration an important eervice bas been rendered to the public interest and to the cause of humanity, ‘The sug- westions of the Commissioners in favor of some further legislation to promote the objects of thelr labors, are commended to your favorable attention, For the prereut condition of our milil I would refer you to the annual report of General, the Inspector General, and the Commissary Ge- neral. Satisfactory progress has been made in carrying out the act of the last Legisiature, and its provisions have proved highly beneficial. Im pursuance of the rew law, I appointed an Inspector General, whose active ex- ertions Rive been of much utility in promoting an effl- cient organization and infusing a healthful military spirit, Many brigade and regimenta! districts, which bad failed to comply with the law of 1847, have beens veeafully organized. and numerous volunteer companies have been formed, which promise to reflect credit upon the service. The importance of maintaining a well tained militia force ought not to be underestimut:d, and it is gratifying to perceive that » growing interest ia the subject is manifested in all sections ef the State e operations of the bahks and the atate of the cur- Tency will be fully exhibited in the annualreport of the Superintendent of the Banking Department. The circu, lating medium ot the State appears to be in a Sind con- dition. Two recent failures of baiics of circulation serve to dembustrafe the advantages of the general banking law, instead of impairing our ¢onfidenes ia its safety, ‘The recurites deposited in the Bank Department, under the present restrictions, must constitute the best reli- ance for the protection of the bill holder, In all our legislation, tbe free banking system is to be regarded a3 permanently established. In the cvurse of twelve years’ experience, many improvements have been made in its practical operation, and seme further modi‘ications will undoubtedly be found conducive to the public security, ‘The frequent occurrence of railroad accidents renders it bat too apparent that proper care for their prevention is not now exercived. A large proportion of these cala- mities might been avoided, by due care in the con- struction, management, and service of the roads, and their moving equipment. The obligation of the State government to extend its protection to the lives of rail- Toad passengers is imperative, and rests on high moral grounds. I would, therefore, invoke the Legislature to enact such laws as may,on mature consideration, seem most proper and efficient for preventing the recurrence cf these lamentable disasters. ‘The Legielature, at its late session, provided by law for the erection of # building for the better preservation of the State library. ‘That building fs now under contract, und will be completed with all the dispatch which may be deemed consistent with the permanency and security of the edifice. Warned bythe late destruction of the Congressional library, of the necessity of adopting every precaution against @ similar calamity in our own case, I decm it proper to recommend to your special considera- tien the suggestions to be submitted in the report of the trusteer, in relation to the internal arrangement of the building, with a view to the greater security ot thevalua- ble collection to be deposited in it. The increase of corrupt practices in our elections has become a subject of general and just complaint [tis represented that in some localities, the suffrages of con- tiderable numbers of voters have been openly pure with money owe it to ourselves and to. por and to the free institutions which we have inberite: cruch this hateful evil in its infancy. before it attains sufficient growth to endanger our political system, ‘The honest and indupendent exercise of the right of suffrag isa vital principle in the theory of representative go- vernment, It is the only endnring foundation for a re peblic. Not only should the law punish every violation of this principle as a crime against the integrity of the State, but any person concerned in giving or receiving avy pecuniary consideration for a vote, ehould, upon challenge. be deprived of the privileze of voting. I sub- mit the suhject to your consideration, in the hope that additional remedies may be prescribed and enforced It is now several years since suits were commenced by the Attorney General, under the direction of the Legis- lature, to tert the validity of the title to certain ma- norial lands occupied by tenants holding perpetual leases. It is of great importance that these suite should be brought to # final decision as early as practicable, It is due to the rights of both parties. While the ques- tion is suspended in the courts, both landlord and tenaut are in a state of uncertainty. the improvement of the country is retarded, voluntary arrangements for a obange of the tenure are arrested, and the public mind » kept in a state of agitation most unfavorable to the eof society und the regular administration of jus Measures should be adopted to compel an early and definitive adjudication in the court of last resort. Complaints continue to be made of delays in the ad ministration of justice im the city of New York Some cf the courts are overwhelmed with an accumulation of coacs, notwithstanding the arduous and efficient efforts of the Judges. It is believed that an increase of busine: in the commercial emporium will ultimately require an additional number of justices, Tae pressure upon some of the courts may be attributed ia part to the chaucery duties imposed,upon the common law tribunals. Tne law should be 60 amended as to relieve the judges from the lobor of taking testimony in equity proceedings; and I would recommend that wuthority be given to the courts to refer euch cases, whevever, in their discretion, they shall deem the examination of witnesses before a referee ccmpetible with the rights of parties. ‘The statate in relation tothe proof of wills and the administration of estates, needs such amendments as will expedite the discharge of debts against the estate of the ‘eceared, in cares Where the admunietratien is suspended by a contest in reepect to the probate of an alleged will; a Litigation which often occupies many years before its determination, and subjects creditors to serious em- parrastinent and injustice. In my Q@nnvel communication, I deemed it my duty to recommend suitable legisiation for encouraging the rettlement of the unsold lands of the State; for a re- viefon apd condenration of our statutes; for defining the wer of cities to contract debts ; and for the punish- ment¢f embezzlement by public officers as acrime Re- forring to the views then expressed, I would gain invite your attention to there several topics Having now adverted to the more prominent questions of domestic policy which will engage your deliberations, it can hardly be deemed inappropriate briefly to consider the relations of the State to the Federal Uaion, in con nexion with those subjects of national legisiation which most intimately affect our prosperity. Although your Igislative powers are limited to the internal concerns of the State, and its welfare depends peculiarly upon the wise exercise of those powers, We cannot forget that some of our most cherished interests are ‘olved in the action of the general government, The exclusive authority to led duties upon imports and to regulate jsom- merce has been delegated to Congress. Unfortunately for the country, these important functions have ust been exercised With that enlightened regard for the welfare of our citizens which they have @ right to demand from a goverpment deriving its existence and support from the peeple The protection of onr industry in those branches ef production which ore least able to with. stand for gn competition, and the improvement of na vigatiqn On Cur iy ea end civers, both objects of the most Titel umportamey to Une public prosperity, hare establishment he Adjutant MORNING EDITION----WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 7, 1852. a ———— od PRICE TWO CENTS. failed to receive the friendly attention of the federal government for some years 5 Under the ruinous operation of the revenue of 1846, some of our most valuable manufactaring interests have been entirely prostrated, while the excessive im- tation of fabrica which we ought to produce at home, created an enormous balance of trade against the country. The neglect of Congress to protect the com- merce of our inland waters has caused @ deplorable waste of life and property. The sentiments of this Btate ought to be distinctly announced on subjects of such paramount importance to its welfare; and the public opinion which undoubtedly existsjin favor of a liberal na- onal policy, should make itself felt and respected. After surrendering to ths federal authority the whole reve aue power of the country. we cannot calmly consent that it should longer remain hostile or indifferent to ths attai ment of objects which the national compact was intended to secure, and which are called for by the most urgent contiderations of pelicy and patriotism. It is @ source of sincere satisfaction that the executive branch of the government. actuated by statesmanlike views and a pa- triotic desire to promote the general prosperity, has re- commended to Congress the adoption of proper measures to remedy the evils so seriously felt and justly oom- plained of. It cannct be disguised that the legislation of Congress on measures of practical importance has been seriously impeded by the sectional collisions which have too long disturbed the repose of the country. The controvertod questions arising from our late territorial acquisitions, having been settled. we may reasonably hepe that a re- currence of simMar difficulties will bo avoided by steady perseverance in @ wite, moderate and conservative po livy, Let us also indulge the bope that with the remo- val of its most prominent cause, the spirit of sectional contention so pernic! 1 4 80 repugnant to the purposes of th may speedily disappear from the politi time that angry strife and unworthy jealouates between the Northern and Southern portions of the United Btates should be banished forever, and that our publi councils be inspired once more by the sentiments of mu- vual confidence and attachment which animated t) whole people in the struggle for independence and the formation of the Union, In the free exercise of the in herent and vital right of epinion and discussion, zeal should be tempered by toleration and forbearance, and a just regard for the constitutional rigtite of all sections ‘of the country. When we iecur to the original design and true theory of our federal system, every candid mind must acknow- ledge that there is no sufficient caure for keeping alive feelngs of aversionand ill will between the members of & voluntary confederacy, whose firm and perpetual union forms the only sure foundatien for the freedom and hap- pinees of the American people.and for the hopes of liber- ty throughout the globe On a cal survey of our poli- tical condition, we perceive that the federal authority was created for purposes of a general and national cha- racter ; for the conrervation of ccmmon rights and the protection of interwsts in which all the States, however diversified their internal condition, have a joint ant equal concern, The Constitution having wisely left the States free to regulate their domestic allairs, the dissi- miilarity in their local institutions furnishes no just ground for mutual complaints and reproaches, These differences of eecial and municipal organization existed among the American colonies; they were produced by causes over Which the founders of the constitution had no control, and for which we, their descendants. cannot be deemed responsible. They were not suflisivnt to prevent Washington and hia compeors from blending di- verse interests by mutual concessions, and rearing the noblest edifice of free government which the world has seen. Why, then, should they be permitted to embitter our councils, and weaken the political ties which constitute ux one people? In the conduct of our ntational con- cerns, why should the progress of the country be retard- ed and its beat interests forgotton in vain diaputes upon questions which each Btate must decide for itself and over which we have no rightful control ? In my reilections upon this rubject, I have not per- mitted myscif to doubt that the epirit of disunion which no concessions can appease, and the fanaticism which fees evil continually, and luxuriates in factious strife, will exhaust themec!ves in the raadnves of their manites- tations, witbout seriourly endangering the stability of our national institutions I adhere to the conviction expressed in my last ennual communication, that the great body of the people, as well in our own Stmte as in every portion of our widely extended confederacy, con- tinue to cherish an urdent attachment to the Union ; that they demre to see the constitution administered im a spirit of moderation end equal justice towards the rights ofall sections; ynd that they will © indignantly frown upon every attempt Lo alienate any portion of our country from the rest, #r to enfecble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts.” The position and ultimate destiny of the African race on thie coptinentisa subject eminently worthy to en- gage the attention of the humane and benevolent, The highest motiven of patriotism and religion prompt us to co operate in all rational mengures intended te improve their unfortunste condition. Butit is of the firat impor- tarde, in considering a question of this maguitude, sur- rounded by so many embarrassments, that we should dircard the pasions and prejudices which are too ready tousuip the place of common senss; that the spirit of faction should yield to the bigher ssatiments of a pure and generous philanthropy; and that in this, as ia the ordinary concerns cf lite, We seek for a plan having some practical connection with the object of our efforts, We are to L.quirs, not merely What may bo desirable, but. in view Of the realities arvudud us how much is attainable and what course of action will produoe the most beneti- cial results! The negro race was brought to this conti- nent almort as early as the white, and continued to be imported for nearly two hundred years, it ia one of the most @evolting features in the world’s history, that during this entire period the most of the civilized nations parti- cipated in the slave trade, All of the thirteen colonies tolerated slavery within their borders. The people of this State have furnished conelusive proofs of their aversion to slavery, and of their abiding conviction that it is amoral and’ political lishing it at home, aud by their uniform opp extension over free territory acquired by Uhe arms and treasure of the nation. Tu the Southern Btates af the Union, where the slaves form so large a part of the population, we cannot expect that the institution will disappear in'a day ora g tion. It has become too deeply ri d and too closely interwoven with rocial and pecuniary interests, to yield to sudden or violent measures of retorm, ‘The progress of amelioration must, in the nature of things, be gradual, Jt must be left to the volunta ae. tion or the people more immediately concerned, ex- perience having shown that we have more to hope irom their own inberent sense of justive aud policy than from any interference that may be proposed by misdi- rected philanthropy, operating at a great distance from ils onject. The anomalous position of the free colored population undoubtedly forms oue of the most serious Obstacles to the gredunl Jiberation of the slaves. We cannot clore our eyes to the fact, that although the free people of color enjoy a certain degree of liberty. they are ecwwmonly treated, both in the free and slave States, as un inferior race, and deprived of the social and political rights without which freedom is but an empty name Even in our own State (hey are excluded from the most erseptial privileges of citizenship, Debarred from ail pertioipition in public employments, rejected from most of the stitutions of learning and religion, governed by laws which they have no share in framing, having been denied the right of suffrage by a vast popular mujority, shut out from social in lite of servility and drudgery, their con {ition amongst ur is deplorable in the extreme. Any great improvement of their condition under circumstances so calculated to crush the spirit of manhood, seems morally impossible, The biighting effect of the inferiority to which they are subjected, is seen in the fact, that while every ether clacs has rapidly increased, (be colored population of this Btate bas dwindled from 50,027 in 1840 to 47 937 in 1860, Aresult so remarkable naturally excites appre- hensions that the African, like the Indian race, cannot permanently co-exist ou the same acil with the whites, and that a separation ts necesrary to prevent their ulti- wate extinction However unjust the pervading pre- dice which affects the public semtiment toward ths race AY appear, ite existence and its unfavorable lect upon their welfare cannot te disputed. In seve- 1 States, thiv antipathy is displayed in laws prohibiting negroes from coming within their borders. The people of Indiana adopted a restriction of that character last year by anextraordinary mojority. It is evident that every Echeme tor the elevation of the African to & posi- tion of equality and full citizenship in our country, must prove delusive until pride and the sense of superiority shall have been extirpated from the human heart, The instinets of vature, too powerful to be counteracted by the refinements of abstract reasoning . prociaim that the two races mut sooner or later be separated The American Coiovization Society presents the only orgerizedagency which has cvmtributed to socelerate this separation, or prodace practical results beneficial to the African race, This association was formed many years ago by benevolent citizens in different sections of the country, and bus for its objects to rescue the free colored ed States from their sociai and politi- by placing them where they may en- joy the blersings of free government; to epread civiliza- tion wad religion throughout the continent of Afcica; to arrest and destroy the slave trade,aad to aflord such deeming another continent from degrades while improves the condition of our own. 4 4 ic vision to foresee that ¢ne of the great mysterious Providence is to be fulfilled by ° exes ea via of Africa to their native soll after centu- jes mndage. A caure no Fenificient, identified with the lastiag wel- fare of two of the great races of mankind, rise above the party contests of the day, and appeals resistless force to the justice and humanity of the whole American people. I hope to see it sustained by the libe- ral action of the national government, seconded by oor- tributions from the several States. The employment of prennent steamers to transport co)ored emigrants from his country, would soon obviate the necessity for a naval squadron on the coast of Africa, which is now maintained there by the United States, at great expense and waste of Life, for the suppression of the slave traffic. It may be objected fo the claims of the Colonization Bociety that its operations are gradual, and that the con- summation of its purposes will require a long series of years, But we should reflect that it: is impossible to re- move an evil of such magnitude by any human mosns within the period allotted toa single generation. It is not to be demied that the efforts of the association have rec ured the liberation of several thousand slaves,e re- sult more [practical and beneficial than has been pro- duced by aay other organization, Until some portion of this continent or of the West India islands shall be set apart for the exclusive habitation of the colored race, Af. rican colonization must be regarded as the only effective auxiliacy of voluntary eman tion A growing devire toemigr manifested by tae blagkc population, and many masters have declared their readi- pees to free their slaves when means can be found for their removal. Bome of (he Stotes have made consider- able appropriations to promote the object, and ania cing interest has been ovinced by others. New Yort: of w duty so important to ber own welfare. and #0 benefi- cial to ® larga portion of the human family, now held in melancholy debarement, Ib 1# a work in which Usria- tins end’ patriots of all partiew and in all rections con unite their efforts without involving the country ia political or geographical —disgen- sions. I submit the whele subject to your em- lightened cousideration, im the firm belief that, upon 4 full examination of its merits, you will deem it in accoré~ ance with justice and policy, and an enlightened pabiic rentiment, to manifest your approval of the cause bys liberal appropriation for the furtherance of ite benevolent designs, . Havivg fully determined to retire from office at the close of my term, I trust I may be permitted to avail my- relf ot the present opportunity to renow to my fellow izens an expression of my profound gratitude for the honors conferred upon me by their confidence, assuril them of my continual aspirations for the payee | of my native State in virtue, prosperity, and happinsds, WASHINGTON BUNT. Avnaxy, January 6, 1852. The foregoing meseage having been read, the Senate adjourned tiil to-morrow Assembly. Avnany, Jan, 6, 1852. THE OFENING—8EAT CONTRATKO. The roll was called. Mr. Warsi, (dem ) of the Twelfth distriot of New Yorks objected to the swearing in of Mr. Snow, (whig.) of the Bixteenth district of New York, as his seat was con- tested. The Clerk said he was bound by the return of the (Be- cretary of Btate,and Mr. Snow was accordingly sworn in. Mr, Usnerwoop, (whig,) of Cayuga, offered a resolu- tion, that the Speaker be elected viva voce, which was adopted. Jonas OC, Heartt was then elected by the following vote: Jonas C. Heartt, (whig.) of Rensselaer I-rael T Hateh, (dem) of Erie RW Bberman, (whig,) of Oneida, d Clerk. Caldwell, (whig.) of Cansjobarie, was elected Bergeant-at Arms Nathan Chamberlain (whig ) was elected Doorkeeper. abe Assembly being now prepared for business, the Governor's message was received and read,atter which the body adjourned, Potice Intelligence. Arvest of George Wilkes.—Yesterday afternoon, Geo. Wilkes, the proprietor of the Police Gazette, was arrested by lewyer Wagstaff, avd handed over to constable Gre- ham. of Poughkeepsie, and officer Bowyer, of this city, who tock him into custody, on ® bench warrant issned by the Court cf Oyer and Terminer, to appear at Peugh- keepsle for sentence on aconviction for libel. The offt- cere intend to convey him to Poughkeepsie this day. { Arvest of a Forger—Strange Developements.— Yesterday afternoon officer Stephens succeeded in arresting a map named Natban Harsh, on a charge of torging two checks, drawn for the separate ameunts of $284, on whioh he pro- cured the mony under the following circumstances: —[t appears that on the Slat day of December last, the acoused called on Mr Ebenezer W. Thwing, broker, No. 29 Wall street, and exhikited for sale a cheok, of whiok the following is a copy: —~ Decemoen 31, 1861. North River Bank— Pay J. Ward & Son, or order. two hundred and eighty- four €5-100 dollars. WRIGHT, DENNISON & CO. On the face of this check was written the name, “ Bal- low,’ which name was represented to be the genuine signature of the paying teller of the said bank—and understood to be a certified check The genuine ap- praranee of the sirnature led Mr. Thwing to believe it was a correct check, and as such paid the accused the money for it. Subsequently it was sent to the bi and pronounced a forgery. On the second day of Jah- uary ® similar check was passed to Mr. George Wa * Robinson, broker, No. 212 Broadway, for tle same amount, certified inthe like manner, The passing of- the latter check w. mmunieated to officer Stephens, who, after a persevering search succeeded in arresting Hareh yesterday afternoon, on the above namell charges. Rince the arrest of the accused it has been ascertained that on Baturday Inst he was taken into custody by @ policeman of the First ward, at the instance 6f Mr. Thwing, and conveyed to his office, where an arral ment was entered into between the parties, the forger tex funded back the amount pa'd to him by Mr. Towing, and then was permitted to escape, and would sie have evaded the justice of the law altogether, Rad it Mt,” been for the perseverance of officer Stephens The comm- pounding cf a felony subjects the parties concerned to indictment, and on conviction. to a purishment in the State prion Therefore, in order that those persons who feel willing to compromice with rogues, charged with crime, may know the position they occupy in the community, we give the law on the subject, as follows, 2d vol , Revised Atatutes. page 775: Sec. 18—Kvyery person having a knowledge of the aa- tual commission of any offence punishable by imprison- ment ina State prison for any other term than for life, who shall take any money, or property of another, or any gratuity or reward, or eny engagement or promise therefor, upon any agreement or understanding, ex- pressed or implied, to compound or conceal any such crime. or to abstain from any prosecution therefor, or to withheld any evidence thereof, shall. upon conviction, be punished by imprisonment in # State prison, not ex- ceeding three years, or ina county jail, not exceoding fix months What rteps the police magistrate intends to take ia tuch matters when the facts are laid before him, is a matter yet tobe koown, One thing is certain, that if people are permitted to compromise with felons, and al- jow them to escape the penalty of the law, we may ag well abolieh the statute law of cur Ptate, aod every thiet or forger whocan buy himself clear be permitted to goat large and prey upon the honest citizens with impunity. We hope the whole affair will be thoronghly investigated by the authorities. Justice Oeborm com- mitted Harsh to the Tombs to await a farther examina- tien, City Inteligence. Death or Owey Semmens.—Who is there that fre quented the United States courts, in this city, and did not know Owen Summers ? him. And who that has kaowa id not admire him for the mildness of his man- the courtesy of bis demeanor, his willingness to oblige, his aptitude for business, and the ability and aeeiduity with which he discharged his duties’ Owen Summers is dead--taken off in the prime of manhood from a large circle of admirers and friends, He was, for reveral years past, the principal clerk in the office of the United States District Attcrmey, where he rendered himeelf efficient to the government and courteous to all who came in ccntact with him Mr. Summers had been for some months past ina delicate atate of health; and on Monday tast yielded up hisgentie spirit “to Him who gies and Him who takes away” Cononen’s Orrice.—Coroner Geer, having sufficiently reoo indisposition, has resumed his offic Svrcioe.—Thormas Reed, a boarder in 212 William street, locked himself up {a one of the rooms, and histhreat with a razor He was discovered about haif- owners (a8 are Willing tofliberate their slaves, an asylum ‘for their reception. For the accomplish ment of these noble desigas, a colony composed of free colored pertons emigrating voluntarily from this coun- try, bus been established in Liberia, on the western coast of Africa, For years the enterprise encoua- tered many obstacles; but these have been overcome by persevering efforts. A careful examination has con- vinced me of the fesribility and immense advantages of the undertaking, and of its pre-emiueut claime upon our fupport, Under the auspices of the scciety, nearly 10,000 free cclored persons have emigrated, many of them being slaves liberated on that condition, They have established free republican government, and ac- qvired, by peaceful me & large extent of country, tinbracing 200,000 people, and abounding in the ele- ments of agricultural and commercial prosperity. They have rhown themselves competent to make their owm laws, and administer their affeirs with regularity and justice. industry prospers, schools aud churches have been established, and the people of this iufant colony, carrying with them the knowledge acquired in the ecene of their former humiliation, ere spreading Ohris tianity and civilization over ® portion of the earth which bas been sunk for ages in heathen barbarism, The value of this consideration will be felt when it is cemem- bered that the population of Africa is computed at 50,000,000, of whom @ majority are in the most abject slavery. By the efforts of the new republis, the slave trade bas been suppres ed along several hundred miles of coast, and (he extension of the settlements will extizpate that detestable trafiic, Thus we perceive that this great work of humanity may claim double merit of ce- past 12 o'clock yeaterday morning, and taken to the hos- pital by officer Stre et. Theatrical an Boweny Tueatns.—The entertaiaments for this eve- ning are the © Lady of Lyons,” and the new and excel- lent drama, the “ Dead Man's Shot,’ both excellent Broanway Turatne Mad. Lola Montes appears this evening In the splendid ballet pantomime entitled “ Ua Jour de Carnival # Seville * Nino's Ganven—As the Ravels engagement is draw- ing to a close, Thursday being the lavt night, they shoul be teen by all their admirere Burton's Treatay —The selections for this evening consist of the comedy of “ Caught in his own Trap," the ‘ Bruggier’s Son,” and “ Oliver Twist ” Naticnat Tuearne --Those great favorites, Mr Mrv. Williams, appear to-night ia the “Pilgrim of Lov and “ Born to Good Luck.”? Axrnicax Museum —The performances in the after noon and evening consist of * All that Glitters is not Gold.” “Mejor Jones's Courtship,” and the “ Fatry Gift.” Bowery Circus —The French company of equestrians are drawing large audiences by their splendid feats tu the ring Crnisry’s Mixetaere cive oa excellent ontertainment thir evening. Feirows’ Minera s prevent agro de lineations. Prorrason Anpenco Ie delighting the uptown folic by Lis axjpetog o¢H Wicks lt not to be behiad her neighbors in the performance *