The New York Herald Newspaper, October 18, 1851, Page 4

WEW YORK HERALD. JABES GORDON BENNETT. PROPRIETOR AND BDITOR. @FIICE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. WHE DANY HERALD, 9 cents per sopy—8T pcr “THE WEEKLY HERALD, sirtabegeemach 5 ithe . Ma San ‘Sper 7 end ‘te “ral bveany Paine FOE toon Editi Pewee keraly CO et ‘paid for. PARTICULARLY B. ‘Larrane awp Pack sons sesT TO Us AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING, SUWEEY THEA’ Bowery—Burcnens’ Doe or Gxuwr— Wain BA: Paaouss. BROADWAY THEATRE. Gros¢way—Farxcn Srv - AL. Tea? Giirrens is Nor Gorn. NIBLO'® GARDEN. Breadway—LOuns er ta Pacha— @nane Diver tisenevr—L Henrrierne—Raove, BURTON'S THEATRE, Ohambere street—Narcne’s No- @ixman—1 Have Baren My Frieno. NATIONAL THEATRE. Chatham street—Warcn Doo— Mavee—Hunrine A TURTLE. BRGUGHAM'’S LY Broaéway—Somenony Evin— Brorues Bex—Fare ve Peas—Grawv Divertisy vent. CHRISTY'S ‘Mochaais’ Hall, 472 Broadway Brworiss MinsTRELSY. TELLOWS' MINSTRELS, Foliowe’ Musical Hall, “i Drosdwey—ErHroriaw MinsTRELSY. eg AMERICAN MUSEUM—Amvsine Peavonuances Ar- ‘@evocw ann Evenive, 49TOR PLACE OPERA HOUSE—Sornecs Maciqurs. BOWERY CIRCUS—Bccusrnas Paxvonmances. el ‘The Setzure of the Island of Ruatan by the Englich—Aggressions end Practical Mo- rality of Great Britain. sions,” says the London Times of the 20th of Sep- tember last, ** that we notice the existence, in the | arrival of the American demoeracy, of a spirit which has already more than once rushed into war on frivolous pre- tences, and which overlooks and thrusts aside the mort unquestionable rules of territorial right and political equity towards forcign States.” in another British paper, we read: — ren erto, we regr 4 passed most exceptionable means, t0 which the revent invasion of Cubs forms an atrocious climax; and the disasters which have now befallen the participators therein, are notbing more than @ just put for such flagrant violaticns of national hcnor and morslity. super © etipendiary magis- trate. Sad, and are as follows :— ~< 31, All pertons now im at eng lant hel! “lt is with regret fully eyual to our apprehen- | reeeive grants from the for the ces of pay- ys cer yooriden thah such shall pay for the paration siete | survey the and reg! tration of such we 32, All ix Tend fe wleh no app iation is registered | witbin six months val of the magistrate, | deemed the y of the crown. 38. All land, the 7 of the crown, hall be put | up to male by auction, im lote, and at the price of two and | a do%jars per acre. These paragraphs do not at first glance appear to be at all alarming, and would, most likely, be , paseed by thegeneral reader, as ordinary items of news, somewhat obscure and inexplicable, but of no serious import. Yet they contain nothing more nor less than the distinct announcement of the ter- | | provided thet “his Britannic majeety shall cause to be demolished all the fortifications which his sab- jects have erected in the Bay of Honduras, and other places of the territory of Spain in that part of the world, within four months,” &e., &¢. The torts a Black river, and at other places, were ac- cordingly evacuated early in 1664. But, in violation of the treaty, the English seem to have continued their occupation of Ruatan. They also kept up rela- tions of an improper nature with the Indians on the | coast, and engaged largely in emuggling, and in | other employments closely allied to piracy, which £0 exasperated Spain that in 1780 she once more declared war. In thie year, the authorities of (iua- | temala again expelled the English from Ruatan. The treaty of peace of 1783, with, it would seem, a special reference to these islands, provided not only that ‘To call these imputations upon the honor amd | i: 1iai diememberment of a sister republic—no- | the English should abandon the continent, (except integrity of the United States atrocious calumnies, ‘thing more nor less than the seizure by Great Bri- | a certain, well defined territory, in which they is to characterize them only as they deserve. Their tain of this “Now Gibraltar,” “this key to the Might cut logwood, and nothing more,) but ‘‘all assertion and re-assertion by the publicists of Europe, denote a moral obliquity, an unfair spirit, and a persistence in wrong, which is unworthy of the age in which we live, and of the comity which should exist amongst the people, as «ell as the go- vernments, of different nations. It is an undeniable fact that the United States of North America, sinc their organization asa federal republic, have nearly quadrupled their territories. That republic now extends from one great ocean to the other—trom the torrid to the frigid zone—over twenty-five degrees of latitude and fifty of longitude; and embraces nearly two anda half millions of square miles of surface—equal to two-thirds of the entire area of Europe. Yet the United States of North America never acquired one foot of this vast territory except by fair purchase and open and | of the DOUBLE SHEET. Rew York, Saturday, October 15, 1551, ‘Weight of the Herald in Wrappers. Waeriy Henao lho BDovsie Suxet Besary Our eoluans are again filled with information from almost every point of the compass, among which will be found the details of the European | news brought by the steamship America, at Boston. We especially commend to the attention of the reader the highly interesting intelligence relative to Koseuth and bis companions. ‘There appears to be some difficulty at Auburn in | procuring the attendance of witnesses in the case of those persons who have been arrested for examin- ation on the charge of forcibly resisting the exe | eation cf the Fugitive Slave law, at Syracuse. | During the proceedings yesterday, the court room | is said to have been crowded by prominent Syra- eusians, who manifested the greatest interest in the examination ef the prisoners, some of whom are aleo taid to be rather distinguished persons. | Be these men rich, or poor—of high or low degree— ely hope that there be a thorough | ard impartial investigation of their conduct; and, | if feand gu them, et the full force of the law be visited upon | them Geverner Hunt has postponed, ut ty of the charges preferred against il the fifth of | ion of the law on Orcutt, wext Lecember, the exec whe is sentenced to be hung for arson, at Utica. We kave not beard that the Governer has maie | acy decision in the case of Horace B. Conklin, who | is aleo under eentence of death for the same offence The whige of Vermont, in State convention, have selected six delegates to represent theirin- | tereete in the next national convention In a reso- } Jotion setting forth their unanimous confidence in | the appointees, they state that they entertain no preferences or prejudices for particular caudidates for the Presidency, which will not be cheerfully | Yielded ia an endeavor to secure the success of the wominee of the rational representatives. While the few eccessionists left in South Caro- lina their overmbelming defea: at the | recent «¢ m for members to the Southern Con- greer, tbe great mase of the people of Mississippi ing at the triumphant success of Union | Principles in that State. In fact, the cause of the | Unicn bss co many unfinchisg supporters through- @ai the entire country, tha: we should not be sur- Fried to find the word ‘“‘disunion” omitted ia the Gext edition of the American dictionary. bewa: } From Owego we learn that there are strong @oubts as to the sanity of Thurston, who is now undergoing a trie) for the murder of his brother- | fe-law. The evidence in the case exhibits some | euriour tot ent ned by the prisoner, as wil! | be seen by she telegraphic report. A treaty with various tribes of the wild Indians inthe Far West has been concluded to the sa faction of all concerned, and a number of the red men are tow on their way to Washington for the purpose of “ holding a talk with their great ident. We hope that this treaty | ly adhered to by the whites, as well ee tke aborig nes. The proceedings of the Latter Day Saints, at their annual jubilee at the Great Salt Lake City, whieh we publich to-day, are peculiarly unique and i ory of the Mormons is one of | ry chapters of modern times. | ions of romance s f active. The bh the most The wiki seond the rea extrac in roely tran- Mormon experienee. Driven | y forced, in the midst of eos, their preservation seems from place to place. till finn winter, into the wi to beamiracle. \ 7 Were not only prese Rocky Mountains, a from the whic settlem in any i ‘irection, these people have built up a thrifty, prosperous, and us community. They believe in the Lible, ite prophets and apostles, and they have aleoa Pible of their own, and apostles and prophets of thelr own, in which they also fully believe. faith ie abundant. Their works follow them ® people, to gifted for hard work, singing prayer, cannot fi and from their preceediags, it ‘Will be ceen that they are already most abundantly vewarded Their Sach ert We regret to learn the! a revolutionary soldier, | mine'y-two years old, by the name of Pardon Peck- bam, was killed last Thursday, by being run over by & train of railroad cars near Buffalo. After eeeaping with life during the terrific contest for | our independence, and living to sec his fellow countrymen enjoy to the fullest extent the inesti- mable blessings for which be contended in bis | early years, this good man was finally crushed to | following paragraphs, referring to these islands, éen th. May the memory of him and hie brave comp stricts live forever in the minds of the Amo- rican prope. By gia. cing st our mone‘ary article thie morn ing, it wil, be seen that financial affairs in this city are seen Ming & more healthy appearance ‘The proepects ar ¢ likewise brightening throughout the country, and it will probably not be long before everything will be pousidered perfectly wound nga | We deny indignantly the allegations and imputa- | terms of the London Times, and who oxult openly, | ignorance or malignity is the predominant ele- make them. Our purpose is to show that, while | England is presuming to instruct usin the princi | ples of**international morality,” atd with grave | ofa decent pretext je xcellent harbor,casily defended,and is well adapted | évets.” market, eren in opposition to any duties placed om | them. Keatan and Bonaca,” says another Eng- | lish author, Wright. in his Memoir, page 16, “in consequence of their fine harbors, good soil, pure sir, and great quantities of animals, honorable negotiation. ‘The purchase of Florida, Louisiana, and California, and the annexation of Texas, were all and each of them legitimate acts, sanctioned by every principle of public morality, and against which no nation under heaven had any just reason to complain. We iepeat, tkerefore, that whoever charges the United States with “thrusting aside the most un- questionable rules of territorial right and politica’ equity,” or with compassing the acquisition of territory ‘‘by the most except onable means,” utters a gross and malignant libel upon a people to whose international moderation all history fails to furnish a parallel, and to which Eng- land, above all other nations under heaven, affords the most abundant and flagrant contrasts. tions of the Zimes, and challenge an appeal to facts. Let it produce its proofs, or stand before the world the wanton calumniator of the American people. As reepects the vituperation of the pro- vincial press, which clothes in pot-houze phrase and vulgar epithet the ideas which it borrows from the great enemy of republicanism and the organ of reaction and tyranny in Europe—the wretches who write ‘‘land-stealers” and “pirates” in place of the no less false and equally calumnious instead of lamenting hy posritically, over the fate of the brave and chivalrous, but perhaps misguided, men who laid down their lives for Cuban emanci- pation—so far as regards these, indignation sub- tides into contempt. Their assaults upon the American character are pitiful exhibitions of hu man folly, in which it is difficult to say whether nent But America needs no vindication from these as- persions. We commenced this article with no view of wasting time or space in refuting charges, the falsity of which none kno so well as thore who ge and clevated eyes is exhorting us to ob. serve the “comity of nations,” and especially to abstain from indulgence in the exciting luxury of teriitorial aggrandizement, as a thing improper and Cargerous at this stage of our youthful careor, magisterially and severely hinting the while at the old bug a boos of Eurepe’s effeve diplomacy, “triple reaties” and “joint representations,” and “‘neces- ference’ —that while England is doing actually, within our own waters, and cannon shot of that islani which she tinue bencath the iron heel of g most fageantly every pria- international morality,” and radely brustine atide ‘‘the most unquestionable rules of territorial right and politicaleq We charge | that, at this very hour, the government of England | i copsuinmating in,the Gulf of Mexico, in the Bay of Honduras, a felony upon the territo: of a feeble rican republic, without even the shallow pre- | of supporting a savage king of its owncreation— | out the shadow of an excuse, or the semblance We charge upon the Beitish government the por- | petration of an atrocity in the Gulf of Honduras, fully 2s heinous a¢ any of those which she has com- mitted yearly, for the last half century, in India—as ur fiable and a2 great a violation of “the sacred ples of i al law,” as the seizure of the “land stealing” of the Ionian Islands, and the “piracy” of Aden. We charge this delibe- | rately, and promise to substantiate it fally, or sub- mit, self-condemned, to tear the opprobriam which We hare denounced against the London T'imes and | its disreputable echoes of the provincial press. | About thirty miles to the northward of the port of Truxillo, in the republican State of Honduras, Central America, isan island called Roatan, somo- | times Ruatan, and Rattan. It is about thirty | miles long and nine broad, hasa fice soil, healthful | climate, a plentifal rupply of good water, and, far- | thermore, two excellent harbors, each capable of | containing a feet may be considered,” says Aicedo, “‘as the key of the Bay of Honduras, and the fcous of the trade of the neighboring countries "— “Thie beautifal island,” says Macgregor, “ has an | to the culture of cot:on,coffee, and other tropical pro- | And Ceptain Mitchell, of the British navy, | whore account we give in full in another part of bis day's paper, adds that “the losal position of bis islend seems one of importance, in & oom- mer and perbeps in a political point of view. the only place where good harbors are found an extensive and dangerous coast.” And also, especial attention to the argument facilities for smuggling which ite pos ald afford), “that its proximity to entral America aod Spanish Honduras seems to point it out ae a good depot for English goods and manufactures, where they would find a ready | nd we call ab and fruits, and commanding ground, are Pro- verbially known in that part of the world as the ‘Garden of ¢ Weet Indies,’ ‘the Key | to Spanish America, and a ‘New Gibraltar.’ | From their natural strength they might be made impregnable, being tenable with very small force.” Near this iceland are several others of emaller cise, which bear the names of Bonaca, Utila, Helena, Moratte, and Barbarotte, and which are | collectively designated the “ Bay Islands.” The were published in the New Orleans Picaywne of October 1, and bave been extensively copied by the public press:— By the arrival, yesterday. of the schooner @ B. Mathew. (rom Belize, Honduras, we have received files of the Honduras Hor-hmen tothe 6th alt. ° learn from there papers that the determination of the Poglieh government to take possession of Muatan Bay of Honduras,” of another position of great importance, both in a ‘‘commersial and political it of view,” in the Gulf of Mexico, and of the | forging of another link in that chain of ‘com- | manding positions” which hem in the United States from Labrador to Panama. The possession of the | Bermudas, Jamaica, the Belize, and the Bay Islands, | enables Great Britain to form a complete cul de sac around the Gulf of Mexice, andthe eastern termi- nus of the proposed great inter-oceanic canal. | With this suggestion, we commend the following | paseage from Frazer’s Magazine, to the attention of | every American reader :-— | From her magnificent station at Halifax, Great Dritain | overhangs, with her fleets the whole of the Atlantic sea- board of America, From Halifax she is within two days* sail of Boston, within four of New. York, and within five Delaware From Bermuda, thit lonely watch | tower of Eugland on the deep, which is to the southern ports of Awerica what Halifax is to the northern, she is within five days’ eail of Cape May, at the mouth of the | Delaware—of Cape Henry, at the entrance of Chesapuake bay—of Cape Fear, on the coast of North Carolina—of Charleston, the principal city of South Carolina, and chief seaport of the Souch—of Savannah and Darien. the main outlets of the commerce of Georgia—and of St. Augustine, on the Atlantic coast of Florida, and the chief entreport of that Peninsula. Thus, from Halifax | she directly commands the coast from the Bay of Fund, to Cape May; and from Bermuda, the remainder of it fom Cape May to St. Augustice. The Halifax squadron could blockade Beston and New York ; while the Ber- ds whatever dependent upon it.” The English | evading the stipulations of the treaty, Spain insist- ed on more stringent terms, which were incorpo- rated in 1786, by which it was previded that the English should ‘‘evacuate the country of the Mos- quitos, a8 well as the continent in general, and the islands adjacent, without exception. Nothing could be clearer nor more explicit than this; and it seems that, failing to fiad any means of evading the provision, England did really abandon, not only these islands, but the whole coast. The provisions of this treaty were suspended by the war of 1796, when England, still hankering after theso valuable islande, again occupied them, and constituted them the penal settlements of the much injured natives whom their cruel rapacity had spared in St. Vincent and the other Leeward Ialands. ‘Two thousand of these, it seems,were located upon Ruatan; but as soon as the invasion became known | in the capital of Guatemala, the Captain General | directed tle Intendant of Honduras to effect its re- subjugation. Accordingly Don José Rossi y Rubia, well supported by officers and men, was sent to the island, which, onthe 17th of May, 1797, quietly | eurrendered. This scems to have been the final | attempt of the Englieh, during this century, fori mada squadron, by cruising between the Delaware and | bly to seize upon these islands, which thencefor- | fortified, and was obliged to bear away to the main | and the other islands along the comet, i no I con. craled. A meeting of the British residents of Ruatan hae b eld, a: which a plan of government for the be drawn up. This plan ix headed, ‘Pro for the establishment of a oye of goyernmept for the isiands of Rustan. Ponnca and others, thereafter to be rteed the Bay Sriande, agreed to at 8 general mening st Ruates, en Saturday, August 9 1851” It Video thet the yeverpment thei be composed of the the Chesapeake, might put Philadelphia, Baltimore, | Washington, and Richmond in a state of blockade. After fifteen years of aggression, the State of Hoa- duras bas at length been openly despoiled of the Bay Islands, and they have passed into the grasp of England as a dependency of Belize, which is itself a British usurpation: Let no one be deceived as to | the nature of the deed, by the plausible terms in | which its consummation {s promulgated ; nor fall | iate the error of supposing that the ‘ general | meeting” of August 10, was anything more than a | sheer fiction—the meck: faced usher of anunblushing felony. Be it understood, it was no “ Mosquito | king,” buta ‘‘ general meeting,” which transferred the Bay Islands to British keeping—tho old charac ter in a new mask, and under another name. But our present object is to present a suceinct | sketch of the history of these islands, and expose | the steps through which their seizure has been ef- fected. Boanaca, then cailed Guanaja, was dis- | covered by Columbus on his fourth voyage, in 1502. | He took possession of it on behalf of Spam, and | subsequently discovered, and in like manner took | possession of, Ruatan. He went thence to the | southward, discovering the coast of Hondaras, and sailed along the continent to the isthmus of Darien. Amongst all maritime nations, and at all periods, discovery has been understood to convey the title of | sovereignty; and, therefore, these islands, and the adjacent coasts of the continent, were universally | recognized as pertaining to the domains of Spain. She remained in uxdisputed posseszion of them ua- til the swarming of the buccaneers, when the Guly of Mexico and the Caribbean sea became infested by piratical hordes. A great majority of these free- booters wore Englishmen—not Malays or Bornese; their veesels were of British build—not awkward unks ard open prahus. Nor was there any ficet, or seliconstituted neighboring Nejab, ready, with | British officers and seamen, to inflict a terrible chas- tisement upon them by wholeeale butcheries, in the recent case of the Saribas Dyaks. On the con- trary, they were openly aided by the English of Ja- maica, who, with scarce an exception, were either | pirates or the accessories of pirates. Jamaica, at this | time, was supported by the buccaneers, and it is | notorious that its governors themselves became associated with their leaders, and shared their plun- der. So scandalous became the conduct of some | of them, that the crown, although little disposed to disturb @ system which contributed eo largely to | its wealth and revenues, was compelled to remove them. ‘The King ef England,” says the pirate | Eequemeling, writing in 1670, “to satisfy the King of Spain, iecalled some Governors of Jamaica; but | | | this did not prevent the pirates from doing as be- fore.” Not ratisfied with their depredations on the sea, the pirates, embolded by success, made descents upon the land, and captured, pillaged, and burnt almost every accessible city or town on the Spanish Main. They organized ao system of land-piracy, in many respects more terrible than that which they had practised on the ocean. They made ex. currions into Costa Riea, Nicaragua, Honduras and Guatemala, as well as in the frontier pro- vinces of New Granada and Mexico. They even meade permanctt stations at various tecluded pla onthe main land and on the adjacent island where they rendezvoused after their various expe- ditions, to divide their spoils, refit, and organize for | new adventures. Bluefields and Cape (iracias a Dice, on the Mosquito shore, and that part of Guatemala now called Belize, were favorite locali- ties with there outlaws. Bluefields and Belize both derive their very names from pirate chief | tine, and their subecquent career has been ia entire harmony wish their origia. It can readily be supposed that the island of Kuatan, with its safe and excellent harbors, fine | , end abundant supplies, could not long es- cape the attention of the cutthroat rovers. An Evglich detachment of that honorable fraternity made a descent upon it as carly as 112, and at the tame time captured Guanaja, or Bon: and the neighboring islands. ‘These positions,” says the historian Juarros, “were exceedingly advantageous to them, and proportionately injurious to the Span- jarde, because, being near the main land, the English (pirates) were enabled to make their do- tcents whenever they pleased, and with equal facility intercept the commerce be. | tween the kingdom of Guatemala and Spain.” The annoyance from this source finally be- came #0 serious that the Viceroy of Guatemala, the Governer of Havana, and the President of the Audienca Neal of San Domingo, united in fitting out an expedition to expel the English from this stronghold. The expedition consisted of four ships ward remained in undisputed possession of the Spanish crown. The stringent provisions of the treaty of 1786 were revived and incorporated in a new treaty be- tween England and Spain, which was concluded Aug. 28, 1814. This treaty, in its terms, was word for word the same with that which we have quoted, and excluded England ‘‘from the country of the Moequitos, the continent in general, and the islands adjacen! withoul exception.” This treaty was there- fore in full force and effect, and the Spaniards in undisputed pogseseion of the island, when, in 1821, the Central American provinces threw off their allegiance to the Spanish crown. Up to that time, England had acquired no shadow of a title, by con- quest or otherwise, to the island. Four times she had attempted to ceize it by force, and had been as of.en expelled. She had finally, and as late as Isl4, by solemn treaty,bound herself utterly to ab- stain from any further attempts at occupation. At this time we have the testimony of a British officer that Spain had establishments, and kept up a mili- tary force on the island. At the time of Central Amorican independence, Ruatan andthe neighboring islands were dependent upon, and under the jurisdiction of, the province of Honduras. When that province assumed the rank ofa State, the republican aushoritics, as a matter of course, took possession of these islands. They paseed within her jurisdiction, and were oc- | cupied by her without dispute or hindrance from any quarter. Her title to them was clear and un- questioned, and she exercised over them freely all the rights of sovereignty. This state of thinge con:inued after Honduras entered the federal republic of Central America, until May, 1830, at which time the Pritish Super- intendent of Belize, who had become embittered against the republic, in consequence of its refusal to surrender certain runaway elaves, ina fit of anger aud revenge made @ descent upon Ruatan, and seized it in behalf of the British crown. At this time the States of Central America were united, and not to be outraged, as now, wich entire im- purity. The federal government made an im- mediate and energetic remons:rance to the British government, by whom the act was formaliy dis- vowed, and the islands abandoned by the invaders. We refer the reader on this point to Crow's Central America, p. 133; and Dunlap’: Travels in Central Awerica, p. 180.) From this time until 1841, the island appears to bave remained in the peaceful occupation of the | | those whose duty it is to see the obligations of other people and government of Honduras, al:hough it is not to be doubted that the Superintendents of Be- lize, who seem generally to have had a proclivity to piracy, in virtue of their office, were constantly on the watch for pretexts to add Ruatan to their usur- pations on the coast; but the righte of Honduras had been too distinctly and too often recognized to admit of being set aside upon any pretext which their fertile brains were capable of devising. Yet, in 1841, Col Macdonald, Superintendent of Belize, whose deeds in Central America entitle him to a place beside Morgan, Scott, Mansfeldt, and the | other piratical chiefs who won an infamous noto- | riety in the same field of astion, disregarding the fact that the previous seizure of 1*30 bad been dis- avowed by hie government, proceeded in the Bri tish sloop of war Rover to Ruatan. What followed is thus narrated by a British author :—‘ As he ex- pected, Col. Macdonald found only a few inhabi- tants, under care of a sergeant, and a emall detach ment of soldiers belonging to the State of Hondu- ras. These being incapable of re ceeded to haul down the fleg of the repabli to hoist that of Great britain in its stead. No sooner, however, bad he re-embarked, than he had the mort fication of seeing the union jack replaced by the blue and white stripes of Honduras. He subsequently returned, and completed the inglori- ous revolution, by taking such aations and making such threats as he thought necessary Thus, in time of peace with Honduras, whose autho) over Kuatan the British government had distinctly recognized, that island was again forcibly seized by the officers of s Britain. The re- publ Is30, and the State of Honduras was too feeble, and too much distracted by internal factions, to make any resistance to this most flagrant a sion. It nevertheless protested energetically against the invasion; but ite communications do not appear to have been answered. Macdonald, in the mean- time, had made himself so obnoxious to all the | Central American States, that the British govera- i Central America bad been dissolved since | | (charge of herzey. tance, he pro- | and | his instructions, issued for the purpose of screening an over-zealous officer ; for it seems incredible tha’ Great Pritain cherished the cold-blooded design of robbing Honduras of these portions of her territory, in the face of her own treaties of 1786 and 1814, and her own disavowal of the seizure of the islands in 130. The assumption of the responsibility of Macdonald’s misdeeds did not necessarily imply that Great Britain pretended to territorial rights in the islands. But, kept inawe by Chatfield’s threats, and by blockades and other violent measures, on frivolous pretexts, Honduras hesitated to re-assert her authority, and confined herself to the only ro- sort of a weak power, remonstrance and protest. In the meantime, a number of negroes, liberated slaves from the the Cayman islands, established themeelves here. Upon their reports, others fol- jowed, and in the course of a few years the popula- tion, by increase and emigration, amounted to up- wards ofathourand. For some time they appear to have been without any form of government, liv- ing in very primitive style; but with the increase of inbabitants, they organized a kind of council, and elected its members from amongst themselves. This condition of things did not escape the watchful eye of the Belize superintendent, who, as the Cay- man islanders were British subjects, failed not to discover here some kind of pretext for assuming tho control and sovereignty of the islands. He seems to have informed the inhabitants, at various times, that, as English subjects, he should be glad, if they desired it, to nominate magistrates in the island, to keep the peace between them; that he did not claim the authority to interfere in their local affairs, but that he was willing to do so, on their application to that effect. It would appear, how- ever, that the islanders preferred to elect their own magistrates, the principal of whom was a Mr. Fitzgibbon, a citizen of the United States. It was not until the commencement of last year that, having been properly instructed in their rdle, thoy “‘applied” to Col. Fancourt ‘to establish a regu- lar form of government im the island!” How far this “ application” was brought about by the Eag- lish agents it is not necessary to inquire; it was certainly a very adroit and plausible way of con- summating the violence of Macdonald. In conse- quence of this “application,” Capt. Jolly, of the British navy, was sent to Ruatan by Sir Charies Grey, Colonial Secretary, to ascertain of the iaba- bitants (the 1,500 or 2,000 negroes aforesaid), whether, if the government appointed a paid ma- gistrate in the island, they would consent to paya land tax of a shilling an acre to the British crown. To this proposition, commended by the guns of a veesel of war, anda variety of other arguments equally potent, itis not at all curprising that the negroes gave their conten’. Thereupon Col. Wood- | house, the present superintendent, who qualified himeelf for his position as the accomplice of Tor- rington, in Ceylon, seems to have gone in person to Ruatan, where, onthe 10th of August last, a convenient ‘‘general meeting” duly registered his decrecs, and the islands of Ruatan, Bonaca, Utila» &o., were declared annexed to the Saperintendensy of Belize, under the name of the “Bay Islands.” The force of Macdonald was consummated by the fraud of Woodhouse, and England fathers the in- famy of both. These facts are their own best commentary “To sum up our acquisitions in Central Amerie: says a recent British author, “‘we have, at the present time, exclusive of such smaller items as Nuatan and Tigre islands, a tota! of 66,600 square miles, or 38,754,000 acres, over which we exercise full control, being nearly a third of Central America: andcqual to two-thirds of the area of Great Bri tain!” Thus says Mr. Crowe, in his recen; work on Central Ameriza, p. 220) Here is the confession that England has siezed, in Contra, Ameriza alone, an extent of territory nearly double that of Cuba—seized it by naked force, or on pre- texts so bald and fallacious that they serve only to render conspicuous the crimes which they were de. signed to conceal ! And it isa nation thus guilty, thus “regardless of the rights of weaker nations,” and addicted to ‘setting aside the most unquestionable rules of ter- ritorial right and political equity,” which has the audacity to lecture the United States upon the “common rules of public morality,” and to invoke against a ‘general combination of civilized States, a constant violater of international law, and a general disturber of the peace ofthe world! We bad thought that the cry of “ stop thief” was so old and stale an expedient that felons had long ago ceased to resort to it, as more likely to attract than avert attention. But it seems that we were mistaken. In conclusion, we would respectfully inquire of nations to the United States, as well as those of the United States to other nations, faithfully fulfilled, if the seizure of these islands be not # direct and palpable violation of the famous Clayten and Bul- | wer treaty, which, in its very first article, provides that Great Britain shall not * occupy, or fortify, or colomize, or asswme, or exercise any dominion over Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Mosquuo Coast, or any part of Central America.” \f the “Bay Islands” are not @ part of Central America, then there is no such coun:ry as Central Amerisa. Tue Srraxor Heresy Triat—Anotuer Hioner Law-—We havo already referred to the trial and conviction of the Rev. John Little, a pastor of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, in this city, on the It appears that the reverend gen- tieman, in a sermon which he recently delivered, eaid, among cther things, that the providential ex- istence of & government entitled it to a conscien-- tious obedience; and as this was contrary to the tenets of the church te which he belonged, he was | put upon bis trial. We give the conclusion of this curious and extra ordinary trial in this day’s Henao. We appro- hend that few people ever imagined that we have in our midst @ religious sect, like these modern | Covenanters, who hold it sinful to be connected with governments that are net founded on their views of Christian and moral principles. This is certainly an anomaly. Government is established for the welfare of the community—for the protection of the | weak against the strong, ard for the security of life, liberty, and property. And yet these people, while they disclaim all connectioa with the government, } and try one of their pastors for heresy in saying | righte be invaded. This is another phase of the ment found it politic to remove him. This was | done in 1843, when Colonel F ancourt was appointed of war, under the command of Francisco Villalvay inhi plase. This gentleman, it is presumed, was | Toledo, who endeavored to surprise the pirates, but failed in the attempt. He found the harbors | land for reinforcements. He subsequently returned, and in the month of March, 1650, after some hard fightirg, succeeded in driving the freebooters from the island. The Spanish regained poesession only to find it a waste. The few natives which the pirates had spared and reduced to slavery, were too fearful of their return to remain, and emigrated to the main land, where the government slotted them lands. The island, thus abandoned, seems to have remained deverted until 1742, when the English entertained and attempted the project of obtaining pos- session of the whole of the Atlantic coast of Central America. In furtherance of this plan they forcibly seized upon several important pointe of the main land, captured Truxillo, and made estab- lichmente and erected furte at the mouth of Black river. They aleo occupied Ruatan, and fortified it with materials carried off from Honduras. Theee events, in conjunction with others le @ war With Spain, which lasted until 1763, when a treaty wae concluded, the seventeenth artice of which ? instructed to preserve greater moderation than his predecessor; at any rate, the government of Hon- duras thought the occasion favorable to renew its representations concerning the unjust and piratical seizure of Ruatan it therefore addressed a letter to Colonel Fancourt, complaining of Macdonald's conduct, and requesting the immediate surrender of the island; to which that officer replied in polite but general terms, evading all responsibility by | referring the latter to the British government. — The result was an instruction forwarded to Mr. Chatfield, to asquaint the government of Honduras tbat when Colone! Macdonald bauied down the flag of that State, in Ruatan, it wae by order of the Pritish government. Of couree, this wae antrue, for the seizure wae Macdonald’s eqn affair; but the British govern- ment, by this declaration, arrumed the responsi- bility of the act. Mr. Chatfeld, prominent in thie age for doing offensive things in the most offensive manner, did not fail to superadd to the British avowal of the act, abundant threats of “severe punish ment” if the government of Honduras should thenceforward exercise or netame to exercise nv- thority ig Jivetan. Jy thir, be no doubt exgoeded | wait the appearance of this important letter, in that the providential existence of a government © it to a conscientious obedience, are pro- tected by that government in all their rights, and even in the indulgence of their religious fanaticism; and would, no doubt, be very desirous of receiving the protection of tha! government should those “higher law,” of which we have beard so much lately. What, in the name of common sense, is the world coming tot This trial shows with how jea. lows an eye this eect watch their members, lest they should be found among the ranks of those professed | Christians who take _ with human governments that are, necessarily, in some degree, unholy. The Covenanters still believe in ‘overpments, but the; must be founded stristly on the word of God. Sus ®& government Gerrit Smith and his followers are also endeavoring to realize. We think they will all bave to wait some time first. We fear that the “good time a coming,” is a groat way off to them. Lerten rrom Kossvrn.—We understand, from ® gentleman in this city, that within the last three deys be bas seen a manuscript letter from Kossuth, written in Asia Minor, furnishing a-elear and con- tistent historical snalysis of the late revolutionary etroggle in Hungary; and that this letter, address- ed to the newspaper press of the United States, will shortly be published. its publication has been delayed, heretofore, for fear of endangering the | long-expected liberation of the illustrious writer. Now that he ie free, the necessity of this precau- tion ceaeee. In common with the public, we shall the fulleet confidence of pleasure and instruction in ite perusal, as well ae of regret for the fate of ‘Tug Deap Ative.—Among the list of Hungaria’ heroes who were executed in effigy by the Austrian. government, were Ladislas Madarass, Deputy Chief of the Magyar Jacobins, and Baron Joseph Maitheus yi, member of the Upper House of the Hungariar, Diet or Legislature. Thete gentlemen have. for some time past been in the United States; and, na doubt, when they bear of the solemn execution which they underwent in Austria, they will’ either feel their noses for the purpose of testing whether they are ‘‘alive and kicking,” or laugh heartily at the venom and malice of their enemies. These brave fellows, together with a large number of their companions, were politely invited by the des- potic authorities of Austria to walk up to tho captain’s office and settle theiraccounts, or, in other words, to appear and take their trials on the charge, of high treason. This these gentlemen as politely deckined to do. “ Will you walk into my paslor.”” Said the epider to the fy, But the fly was not to be caught, and the spidex had to put up with a meal on the remainsof previouy victims, instead of a good fat bluec-bottle, in the prime of life and full of the most savory juice. | Messrs. Madarass and Maitheuyi preferred to be coniumacieus, as the term is; and as a punishment | for their ebstinacy, they were strang up to a gal- | lows, made for the purpose, by the black-board pro» cess. This Pickwickian kind of hanging is very fupny indeed. It is doubtful, however, if any sucii fun will be indulged in by the people of Europe. | towards their oppressors, when they got the mastery again, as thoy will, no doubt, before two years. In- stead of black boards, we think bempen cravats, or musket balls, will be in considerable request. Tux Prencu Bexivorent Bocirvy—Ni».o’s Garvey. This magnificent and large hall will, no doubt, be filled? to-night, by the numerous families who desire to aid the reeources of this benevolent society. This institution Was organized several years ago, for the support of ite poor and sick compatriots. It arranged for an annua performance, in order to increase its charities. The pro | gramme of amusements offers the greates: attraction, It | comprises two French vaudevilles, called “ L’Oura et le Pacha,” (“The Bear and the Pacha,”) by the Ravel Fa- mily and Mille Felice; and “ L'Heritiere,” (+The Heir~ e68,””) of Seribe, interpreted by MM. Robert Kemp, Du, rieu, and Mlle Felice. A divertissement and the magni-- ficent pantomime of “ Raoul,” will also be represented by the Ravels. We are sure that, on such an occasion, the French residents York, and the American lovers of an interesting performance, will not lose the chance of spending a pleasant soirée, while at the eam” time they will perform # charitable act. We advise all who intend to visit Niblo’s to-night, to go cerly, if ther wish to find seats, Manane Anna Tritt0y’s Bexsyrt.—The benefit of thir’ accomplished and distinguished artiste, at Niblo’s, on ‘Thursday eveaing, was an overflow, presenting unmis- - takable evidences of the high estimation in which her acting is held. Every seat im the house was occupied The aisles and paseages were filled with delighted spec- tators, hundreds were obliged to leave who could not be accommodated even with a standing piace. This’ lady and Mr. Hudson, the Irish comedian, have pro- oveded to Philadelphia. where, no doubt, their engage- ment will be as brillant and protitable ay it bas been it New York, German Hevolutionary Fand, The following is the document relating to the German Revolutionary Fund, to which reference was made in our leading article, and the letter from Washirgton, in yesterday’s Hexratp:— 1, The creation of a fund of two millions of dollars, for the purpose of forwarding the approaching revolution in Germany bell be forthwith commer by means of a German National Loan. 2. None will be called upon to gusrant: but these who have the coafidence cf t1 3. The ucderte king will be confided, io ment, to Messrs. Kinkel, Willich, ‘The initiative and the tirely givem up to them; and they are awthorized to issue receipts in their names, which shall bear an interest of five per cont on ali suans paid in, 4. The treasury, ad interim, shall be under the care of Oscear Keichenvbach, 1 Paulson square, Ubeleea, London. 6. As sovn as the sum ot twenty thousand dollars shall. be paid in, the sforesaid Finance Committee, pro tem. | shell calla convention for the purpose of guarantying said loan. To the decivion of this convention will be submitted the following questions: — a The formatiot of a Fermanent Revolutionary Com mittee. 4. The estabtishinont of a plan of administration. c. The safe deposit of the proceeds cf the loan, and its transfer. 6. The Revolutionary Committee, elected by the con vention, thall have unlimited power to dispose of the money realized for promoting the revoluticn. They wili surrender their power, when an acknowledged revolu tionary government shall be established in the father. land. fits government shall have the right to require at the hands of the said committee. an account of theiz transactions, and to submit to the decivion of the peo ple the quertion of their administration cf their trust. 7. The signers of this document pledge themselves. after the copquert of the revelution, to use all their in- | fluence, to procure the asrumption by the State of the | principal and interest of this Gerinan MRevolutionary z eg to carry out faitbfaily all tne conditions: ere: ‘The undersigned agree to the forezoing plan of a Ger- ‘ational Loan, and promise to guaranty the same amount of two millions of dollars. (Siguatures.) The Turf. | Usion Covnse, L. 1 —Trorre On Weduesday last @ trotting contest took place between Lady Suffolk, Jack Rossiter and Boston Girl, mile heats, beet three in five, in harness, for a puree of $500, Five heats wore trotted be~ fore a decision was arrived at, three of which were won. by Lady Buffolk, much to the gratification of her numer | ous admirers, The old mare was hailed with shouts at the termination of each heat, although the time disap- pointed all present. Still, when we take into comsidera- tion her great age--now in her twentieth year—her late movements in the South and Wert, and ber recent eevero | Faces with Lady Jane and St. Lawrence, &c., &0., Wed- | needay’s race may be set down asa very passable affuir | In fact, the beating of Jack Rossiter, at mile heats, adds | laurels to her fame, which few others can win at the | present day Lady Suffolk looked very well, although | she begins to show marks of age very pro tly. | was the favorite against the field, at 100 t —Lady Suffolk won the pole, nd Hoston Girl the outside porition.® Soon tart, which was a good one. Nowiter and Bos | ton Girl broke ‘up. iting Suffolk the lead, which she | Tetaimed until she reached the half-mile pole, Rossiter there yoked her, and then succeeded i ng in front | om the lower turn, when, breaking up, the old mare took | the lead agsin. Jack however, made another attem: | to win, and it war a most gallant brash. ft | every inch from the three quarter poi crowing it #0 nearly parelicl that the jo made ita dead heat. Tim 4. Boston Girl trot until she reached the lower ‘turn; but, breaking v>, she ewerred in, striking gaint one of tho poste. Mer driver then stopped ber, and she was. in coneequen*s, dietaneed. Kk broke soon after the word wae which gave Suffolk four or five lengths the advan- nd she went on her way to chout allow- Gack fo gal a foot on her. Ti Ti. ‘hird Heat —Jack broke up again in going around the upper ture, losing four or five lengthy, On the bach up well, and on the lower stretch he went finely, closing ind they came wlong aide and | turn, he lapped the unare. » awgate, but Jack breaking np agaim, Suffollt ein 2 t seore, | gi P) vide to the won the heat, by a couple of lengths, in 2 Fourth Heat —3em McLaughlin new Mr. Dimmick. behind Jack Rossiter, horte took the lead by about a lengti tained thro | ing all her effort | of this mile was th » Which he main- aid heat, the old mare, not withstand. ow Fifth Heat —It had now become so dark that lighted: onndles had to be provided to enable the judges ita stand to time the race correctly; and ne could be reen of the horses trom the time they left the score they returned The start was very even, both | nicely, but the old mare came home first, winn ing the heat by twoor Qiree lengths, Time=240);. The | lowing is a summary:— Lady Suffolk, Jae Wielpley | Jack Rossiter.0. Ditmomick . Boston Girl, @. Nelson. e— 2 ing unable to reach him. The time off Crestarvinee Cov | took place | oh. g Zacl | harness, for a purse Srepert ofthe race. ‘the Plowing lok tommy A repo race, lea _ Yermont, i 113} | Yaobar, 2212 Tae 2:3934. The match between Neiad Queen which came off on Thursday, was won by the mare, Hystino Park Counce, sean Pricapeursua—Mack, Court Calendar for Day. ann Count—Gevenat Trnm.—Adjourned to Mom aeacer goons Nos, 065, 988, 674, to O81, 683, 084,. aes Team =Two Covrrs—For arguments and Mon in . #15, 817, 819, 821, os tar, ‘I ry ee” bats TH, 182 766, 768, 714, 776, 178, 784, 786, 700, 702, 790, Hungary. We expect to publish this letter to morrow morning, Hvrnnion Counr--Gas tions . .., URT--Ganenar Team.—Mot and ergu