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ERESTING LETTERS. Fs s F i #2 F H i 5. i i i EE E ‘The action of the Free Soil Convention, onthe 16th inst., at Worcester, completes the opening of the campaign in the most formal manner. The mana- gers of the several conventions may say to their parties, as Wallace did to his valiant countrymen at Falkirk: “ We have brought you to the ring; let us see how you can dance.” ‘here will be some Very fine stepstaken between now and the second Monday in November; but the better opinion is that the celebrated pas de deux known as the coa- lition, will rather take the shine out of the pas sued called whiggery, which latter measure partakes somewhat of the stately step known to our great- Brandmothers and thoir mamas as the pavon, of which those who have seen « lordly dame walk through a minuet de /a tour, can form some concep- tion. Mr. Winthrop is teo cold, and high-bred, and haughty, to dance any of your flings, or waltzes, or mazourkas, or polkas, or any other of those agree- ing, go-to-the-devil measures teac! frail nature of the race of man. ihe coalition isa p : an on) agreeal engunce ib rf be neither more nor less than le, low, vulgar, and shuftle, and certain to end in a bre: ‘The nomination of Mr. Palfrey for the Governor- thip took everybody by surprise—the members of the convention as well ‘as outsiders. U, 1B, NO one, exce select personages of the i Ht i F aay dl aoe be Governor the the felicities of the weather was beautiful throughout the whole cele- bration, and could not have been better had it been bespoken for the occasion. The second day, when xeursion was made down the harbor, was aia? toan excursion of the gladsome sunshines and ton, Not tho Teast plowileg pars of (o ing the total absence of e from the occasion—men together as if no such matters litical squabbles had an existence. Wobster will not return tary of State. Another has been offered, and has acce: ship made vacant by the death of the place, but the politicians th at him because he gave it as his legal opinion the coalition was indictable at common law! jaous opinion of It id that legal gentle- in some very am tween the whigs an re the great court of ce the whole affair was of itical poy Pleasant, exeiti oo thi is one that Mr. Weoktngton as nacoeetas double Napoleen had a vei yers, and it must be admit men do occasionally indul crotehets. The q the coalition must the people, from which ther the tribunal of history, which is so slow in acting that even whenit reverses a decision, it happens so late a8 to bo of very little practical conseq The city is rather livel: the celebration. Lord HisExcellency made many friends duri he shall remain in Ca ad any doubt of the weeks ago, that the nomination woul lie between Mr. Palfre and General W: at that time Mr. Philli; had declared that h»> date, under any circum- stances ; but, latterly, it was very generally under- stood that he would accept the nomination, should the convention insist upon the use of his ou see that he was nominated by ecclamation hen Judge Allen announced that Mr. Philli ain run, the convention wi ed. The best proof that the whole procee new to the many, is to be found in the fact that there were no ballots ready for any candidate. Ge- neral Wilson had announced understood, that he would not ace) tion, Ce Brad he should support was one mistake committed in the order of the cele- have been one of the Bri- tish regiments in Canada present her the affair complete. very best feeling was manifested toward ‘‘ England :*Her Most Gracious Majesty, Victoria the First, by the Grace of God, &c.” re- ceived nine cheers at our feasts, which is quite an improvement on old times, when we used to throw tea into the harbor, in order to annoy her grand- ossible that there can arise circamstances under which the men who have met so cordially here this week, can thirst for each to his friends, it is As it was, the and the English.” In one respect Mr. Palfrey’s nomination is looked upon as the most important event that has yet | je is the founder, as it were, sy, aS distinguished lis opposition to Mr. tt gentleman was nominated for | Speaker, in 1817, may be safely regarded as the | m commencement of that series of movements which ended with the formation of a party that at one time outnumbered the democracy. been other acts, b; of the Massachusetts free soil from the old liberty party. Winthrop, when t! It does not seem Yet who knows? Our Albany Correspondence. Atuany, Sept. 21, 1851. The Works at the Northern Terminus of the Hudson River Railroat. The Hudson River Railroad Company are pro- gressing with great rapidity in the construction of their works at the northern terminus. About thirty acres of the island opposite this city has been pur- chased. Uponthe northern portion of it prepara- tions are now making for the erection of large and commodious buildings as depots for passengers and An excavation of some five acres upon the surface, to the depth of six or eight feet, is now being made, and the earth removed to an ad- joining portion of the ground, for the purpose of raising the base of the buildings above the height of thé spring freshets. Thi both for laying a foundation for the structures to be erected, and forming a basin of some five acres, which, when excavated to a sufficient depth, will be used for canal boats and other vessels. The y have now a narrow slip, of some ide, into which boats are run to load and unload freight passing over their road, and the canals and river. The River Company have nearly completed a large circular engine house, workshops shops, of substantial brick work, and heavily tim- bered. It is intended that the prinsipal repairs to locomotives, cars, &c., shall be done on this end of ding some five hundred feet long, by forty in width, is also nearly completed, which is to be used as a freight depot until the extensive and more convenient warehouses on the island can The road as yet has t Mr. Palfrey and other men, | which should have foreshadowed what was coming; | but the refusal to support Mr. Winthrop, except oa conditions, must be regarded as the first overt actin the war between the two branches of the whig party. From that day to this a deadl; ‘feud has been wag The former fought istrict for almost three yea finally, by the smallest of pluralitios, surcee: ‘is whig opponent; and the latter havs made a vow that they will now pay Mr. Winthrop riends with interest. nd witha great deal of reason, that Mr. nomination was resolved upon because the | lased Mr. Winthrop in the field, and id not have been selected had the whigs had a different candidate. At any rate, the contest will be the more animated from’ the men heading their respective parties. ‘Ihere will be infused into it a sort of will add to its raciness, and cauie it te resemble a it without gloves, or a tourna- grinded lances. double pur; sonal fecling, which —_* sparring match for ment carried on both parties will be considerably increased in conse- quence, and the democrats will tions which will keep up their candidate’s vote relatively with be oend given for the leaders of the be incited to those them are sanguine of electing Mr Pp popular vote. This is not absolutely impossible, but it is so very improbable that intelligent men to any conclusion of the kind. To obtain an absolute majority, the whigs must in- eight thousand over that of 1850, or somethi like fourteen (14) and that, too, without allowing any in- free-soilers, and scattering, are slow in comin; crease to democrats, which is very near to the im; whigs increase at the rate named, and their various opponents at only about one-third five (6) per cent., and there will still be a majority like 3,000 against Mr. Wiai Nothing is more on oy - hin Geo og a party largely increase its vote without also causing some increase to its 0} heard the more ‘ji Mr. Winthrop will receive seventy thousand votes, and perbaps he may get that number, though [ think sixty-five thousand will be found much nearer the truth ; but even seventy thousand will not elect | ifthe parties opposed to him increase at half the | sary up to that number, though it may so far affect the S as to secure his election by the Le; rate men, of ail sken but small quantities of freight from this section, in consequence of the inconvenience of transhipment at Tivoli and Pough- keepsie. The company are urging their works tor- ward here, and when the road shal in the course of two or three weeks, then it is ox- or for carrying freight will be, in effected, in con- ¢ Hudson River Heel ne phe sy pe cag feet more, ry cutting out three or four pier lots, is progressing. to be built from the foot of Maiden lane, over the basin to the eastern line of running to and from the Boston and Hudson River depots are te land wish ‘This will shorten the dis- y water about one third, and will facilitate tusiness greatly. Our Baltimore Correspondence. BaLtTimors, Sept. 20, 1851. The Congressional Election—Amalgamation P) acti- cal—Grand Lodge I. O. O. F.—Dreadful Railrowt pected that faciliti & measure, perfect rovement is bein, ¢ completion of jubilant” whi et An iron bridge is atorial elections | the pier, where the boats ates. Mode- king in round numbers, belief that’ Mr. Winthrop wiil receive -three thousand votes, Mr. Boutwell forty thou- thirty-three thousand; and | that the result will not be | ers and freight. and Mr. Palfre am inclined to thi found to differ greatly from Mr. Briggs received, last year, as he had received previous years, not less than three votes, which cannot be obtained for Mr. Mr. Briggs was popular with the free soilers, with temperance me: of a strong religious feeling ; from his unaffected manners, an that was attached to him. people” in high office, and very ‘ithout reference to his | eminently respectab! these estimates. aad with people The election for members of Congress takes place in this State on next Monday week, and the is being conducted very quietly. Thomas Yeates Walsh, the whig candidate, al- though a speaker of great pcwer and popularity, has adopted the plan of replying to the charges of his opponent in the columns of the papers of large circulation, rather than to wear out his lungs in ad- | dressing town meetings, at night. Robert M. Mcl.ane been the demooratic cindidate for re-election, there would have been no doubt of his success, but the popularity of Mr. Walsh will enable Lim almost to walk over the course in oppo- sition to Wm. Pinkney Whyte. This is the general | impression of those who stand aloof from the ex- citement of party politics, though Mr. Whyte and his working friends are equally confident of suc The Grand Lodge | States will not adjourn until Monday. No vote has | yet Leen taken on the proposition to create a de gree for the wives of brothers of the scarlet degree A dreadful accident occurred on the Sa and Ohio Railroad, in the Allegany mountains, on A train of four gondola or cars was being pushed up one of the steep asc. and on the forward car were fifteen laborers denly, a wheel of the forward car was bioke the car, with all those on down @ steep precipice nearly on Three of those on the car wer killed, three mortally wounded, and thre: campaign, so far, much liked by the people, politics. Mr. Winthrop j and his character is beyond reproach; but he lacks | that nameless something which takes such hold of men’s minds, and is a ‘pearl of that party which hag it in its chie and aristocratic much of his historical name. | f treating men in the /e haut en bas style, of | all things the most unwise in a politician who aspires to office in a country where somethin, like universal suffrage exists. succeed worse with the whigs than they do with democrate—why | shall not uodertake to discuss, bat ‘haps because they are too common with them to exeite any particular attention. very apt, too, to affect democracy in non-essential» and it may be that democracy feels pleased to see foes doing homage to its powers | sition and attitude in the Free Soil n, aflord unmistakeable evidence that he t be relied upon asa fri On taking his seat as Preside: harseterized by all his u# rteinly not an iota lees bitter. did not hesitate to compare the Whi vention to what the tapster’s boy in « infernal regions,” as bein; His promunciamento is regarded a+ a for- mal indiration to the whigs that some huadreds of voters who supported them iast year, in Norfolk and Middlesex, will this year be at the very head of their foremost enemies. and is Norfolk county, and there Mr. Mann's great, to say nothing of what will be conduct in Es#ex cor lers of which relied movement the; in his manners, and | OO, F. of the U; Wednesday last. , thrown off the t A white woman, named Julia Ann Saith. and a coal-binck negro, named Alfred Pumpfrey, were Jesterday arrested on the charge of cobabiting to- wan and wife, to the teighborkood in which they resi brorght to the police effice, asi the woman stated rrived ig tke city from tne eastern art of the State, and being without Kome or riends, was compelled, by necessity, to eon the proporals of the negro te provided for ber well, aud she bad cluded to stay with him. great scandal of the u Mr. Whittier, who ree soilers, to the coalition, in Lasex, ing in health, and it is said that he Jong. Most pocts, like the swan, delig’ ir last, notes in song ; tier, who is probably desconde: the fighting cocks amor trumpet biast to any hates the democracy without loving the wi n to be the gentee and so he prefors giving them a helping hand. He ie a wealthy man, a fairish poet, and of excellent intentions; but some of his free soil associates do not hesitate to declare that in politics, just now, he has no political influence She isa young ani They were sent to jail to anss charge at court. Our Michigan Correspondence. Dernorr, Sept. 16, 1851 The Trial of the Railroad Conspirators The event here, at present, is the trial of the railroad conspirators, four hundred and forty-nine witnesses having been examined on the part of the prorecution and in behalf of the defendants, and yesterday, Governor Seward cnocladed their de- from some one of the old bards, prefers the ing of the soft k. isa great nuisance. whatever, but has some from bis personal ch and literary standing. Cur poets are not Mil in reepect. What detracts from Mr. Whil |, at this moment, is Jetters in existence from The court is being held in the Viremen’s Hall, a room, the floor of which is thickly | was there twice yesterday; and when Governor Seward concluded a very la- bored, and, it appeared to me, very provy addre and to-day, the eounsel for the defence commeneet election of Charles Sumner was one of and noblest events of the age ; ye arse of action whieh must place M Sumner in @ much worse cond he would have occupied hed he beer defeated he was a candidate for Senator. y liticians alone whore guilty , and of holding to ogntradictory What shall I say of the celebration! tle, for the papers are full of be: It has certainly been a great, n admirable affair, and som long be remembered in conneetion wil It may be considered auguratien of a new age, and as hon: hat is fast passing away, with its sen, item ite processes of gation, and its modes of | greatest | ed with saw dust. Publie opinion is very much di | guilt of the partice on trial, and rather preponde- 3 atall events, a strong proju- t the railroad company ihe indignation meeting has been held, directed ag circomstancc®, | should not be surprised if the jar were to Ned sch slog upon s vee. tged without agiceing upon a ver ibe whole affair may b herded manner in thigh | tributed to the h compeny bave » to create the reaction that has taken plase woe ae Still, fo pomey son to justify which those vi a- ‘a their ebalf mye so- | country, everywhere intercepted b; most romantic uld be males, 5 I was at a loss to conceive been increased the which would undoubtedly but was subsequent!: and justly follow conviction. ‘ It is not probable that the case will go to the ary before the end of the week. A Our Canadian Correspondence. Cuatuam, C. W., Sept. 15, 1851, Woodstock—Description of Cowntry—Goderich on Sought in 1813—Death of Tecwmseh—Indian Ar- tifice, ec. 1 left Woodstock last Monday evening for Lon- don. The road for ten miles runs parallel with the tiver Thames, which extends a considerable dis- tance beyond the former place, but which is not navigable above Chatham, twenty-one miles above its junction with Lake St. Clair, at the foot of Lake Huron. Six miles from Woodstock the road turns abratply off, and after ascending a hill for a quarter of a mile, the traveller arrives at a neat little vil- lage called Ingersol, containing about five hundred inhabitants. ‘he coach stopped at a very respect- able looking hotel, where it was my intention to have remained that night; but a wedding party having arrived simultaneously with the stage, and understanding there was a scarcity of beds—a sort of indispensable accommodation on such an occa- sion—I made up my mind to proceed, in defiance offever and ague, which is very prevalent in Can- ada, and we reached London, the county town of the county of Middlesex, about 11 o’clock, and put up at Robinson Hall, a very superior hotel, kept by Mr. Bennett, and which, in point of accommodation and attention to the requirements of travelling, I have never seen surpassed in the United States. It is four stories high, with separate parlors for ladies and gentlemen; the bed rooms are capacious and airy, and the beds—which I found to be the case en the entire route—a perfect Aeigy Directly opposite the hotel}, there is a large jail with turrets; and having quite a castellated a; pearance, They seem to have a great fancy in ‘is part of the country for large buildings of this ture ; but for what purpose I cannot imagine, as by a return usually called for by the House of Assem bly, there are only thirty three personsin es confinement for debt throughout Upper Ca- nada. The population of London, I understand to ke uppanien six thousand. There is a very respect- able grammar school here, for which five acres of land were reserved in laying out the town, anda further reservation of ten acres was made for hold- ing fairs and other agricultural pene: while a of the corporation have expende: out seven thousand dollars in the erection @ common school house. In 1845, one hundred and fifty buildings were con- sumed by fire, but which have been replaced by Others; and in the nigel street there are a number of respectable stores. Elsewhere, the houses are more scattered, and less ees Sppearance. The Episcopal church has a fine chime of; bells, which were imported about six months since from England; and there are eleven other churches three of which are of brisk, as there is no stone to be had, except what is taken from the bed of the river during the dry season, and which Lemp eget a supply for foundations of buildings. The colored Episcopal Methodists ani Baptists have each a separate place of worship. rom London stages start daily for Goderich on Lake Huron, a distance of sixty miles. ‘This isa most delightful place, and jes308 @ Very capa- cious harbor. Another coach leaves for Port Sarnia, at the junction of Lake Huron with the river St. | Clair, which is at the same distance from London as Goderich, whence steamboats communicate with Detroit, fifty-seven miles down that river and and through the Lake of the same namo. A third | coach runs daily to Chatham, and connects with a line of steamers running to Detroit. There is also a line to Port Stanley, on J.ake Erie, and a steamer runs thence to Buffalo. It will thus be seen how frequent are the means of copmunication with the United States ; and not only so, but from portions of the Uuion be yond Detroit through Canada; and by a glance at the map it will be perceived, that when the great western railroad is completed, it must ne- | 4 cessarily divert a large smount oftravelling from | | ‘iver, that during the | the present route, via nionge to Buffalo. As itis I was informed by the stage winter at least forty engers pass daily be- tween Chatham and london. On Tuesday I left London; but instead of » | coach, there was no other ae than an open wagon, which would convenien' ngers, one of whom had to sit with the driver. proceeded in this vehicle six miles, to what is called ‘the juaction,” where the road to Port Stanley in- | | terseets that which leadsto Chatham. ‘The sunwas shining intensely, and | had almost determined to | return to London, and wait for the coach that was to leave on the following day. I had made up my mind, however, to go on, when a man was about en- tering the wagon, who would, from his appearance, bring with him mad pg me than himself, besides crowding us very much; and at once decided upon taking out until an of offered for re' ing my steps. A few minutes aftorwards an American drove ap, who had been # passenger in the coach on the pre- ceeding evening, and who invited me to accompany him to St. Thomas, a distance of eleven miles; which place we reached in about two hours, and where we had dinner—a rather poor affair, the naree for which, however, was only a quarter of a dollar, ‘This village is situated on a very elevated ire montory, and is nearly surrounded by what is called Kettle Creek; from whenco is a commanding view of a most vy ny country. ‘The village contains about twelve hundred inhabitants, and was laid out oo ‘ears since. It contains an | piscopal, | two Methodist, a Presbyterian Free church, Bapzist and Roman Catholic churches, with grammar and common schools. There is also an extensive foun- dry, two breweries and two disti'leries, with a print- ing office. Two banks have agencies here. I was much pleased at having thus turned off from the usual line of mpotree as it satisfied me that the post road rans through the worst part of what is called arden of Canada.” From St. jomas to Port Stanley the distance is nine miles; whence, as I before remarked, a steamer leaves twice a week for Buffalo. | returned to London in the evening, expecting to take coach at 10 o'clock the next moraing ; but, as it carries the mail, the time of its departure unfor- tunately depends u the movements of the post- master; and as an English mail had arrived that morning, he detained us till near 4 o'clock in the afternoon; and it was sunset before we reached Delaware, a ge beautifully situated on the Themes. While waiting for tea—if the article deserved tbat name, which we obtained—a major of the army, on half pay, with his young and geateel wife, made their appearance, whom | met last year at Lake Simooe, jooking round the counsry,with the ‘ & spot for a future residence, acl Jevermined to locate himself at Delaware, and that he was then erecting a brick cottage in the neighborhood. His wife seewed delighted with the epot they had chosen, and well satisfied with their future prospects She is in the prime of life, probably not more than thirty, bad married in India, where, as in ber native country, she evidently mixed with the best #o- ciety--the antipodes of that by which she wiil be mmediately surrounded in her new home; and yet che i# cheerful and contented. — Oh, woman B A ministering angel thi ‘There are four settlements of (adiang in the | vicinity of Delaware—the Chippewas, the Munse the Oneidas, who sold their lands in the neighbe boed of the Oneida Lake, about twenty years since, to the American government, and who purchased « tract of fire thoweand acres in the township of Ls- laware; and eight families of the Pottawatam) have # church about ten miles from the vill which cost two thousand dolla ‘a large portion which was raised in England. ‘The Chippewas are, inbor school, which has recently been erected, prin- cipaily with funds obtained in England, by Me Peter Jones, the Indian missionary, to whom [ have before alluded It was near eleveno'clock when the coach rea shed | Ekfrid, a small hamlet on the route; and as there | War no chance of reaching Chatham before eight or nine on the following morning, | put up here for | the night. } operauen, as the postmaster again detained the | | ly accommodate five | it my luggage and remaining where | was, y lag ag: | ' mem be i ent, whom I met en bo. wa ths tate Tand we on t! that the entire route from London to osite Detroit is the most favorable that co efore reaching Chatham, ae had formerly been a sett Lake Huron—Steam Communication with the | ment of Delaware Indians, called Ni United States— Delaware Indian Settlement—Battle | who were compelied, in 1 States, and to seek an battle was fought on this s American army, comman and the British and Indians commanded Proctor and the distinguished chiet ‘Tecumseth, in | which the latter was slain. The village hav: been burned by the invaders, the ladians remove to the opposite side of the river, where the tribe re known a3 th ound in any coun! About fives aad passed the site of wi still remains, and eve. pared aren to leave the Unit it in 1813, bot ween the wo! under consideration, leave no resource to any mem- ber of this confederation, under the most intolera- he 5 < 5 E | the new-)apers. Scores of vos came With ours ives, were overhauled . a ees the same ease as the brother Yank. ¢ fould put the }, before we could shake ber off ; foreign whether Englial what not sad we bad chasse bans od sorts of away Lord bless you, 4 merest baby m the world.” But, qoushene consider Pal y ry sailor's also on fhat Voyage, alow mo to sivons er, thas mags > O «aleone ” be red by referring to her \og-book. One day, we took a pretty smart breeze pom our starboard quarter, and it continued ty biow tolerably steady 7 . ble oppression, but civil with all its va- | tor the space of ten days. e ond of that time, tions. “It leaves open no to a vk yd bpm oe fel,ave degrees, justi umanity; the makin; bard on is the right divine; acd dissonsions | sand two hundred files in’ teu dave, The heow: ig & confederation of Christian States can | somest run, in any one day, «4s three hundred and like those of the wild beasts of the forest, by a death in every age and country; but never till now do | twenty- t miles. Now struggle. I am aware that this | that is not a feat to bi has been the almost invariable practice of mankind | achievement to entitle clippers? But the most r, (humbly submit, if f that is notan nding fact of all re- recollect seeing it asserted that it was the only | mains to be told, and | tell it :o you see word justifiable m of settling controversies ong States and nations; and it is with no little ro, see this doctrine sanctioned by one whose are of such high enihorioy oy J o large portion - Thave dwelt more empha- the most important of the i in the present controversy, and ne of the most insidious as well | ag dangerous blows ever levelled at the rights of the States, all of whom are deeply interested in the | poy those who are now the omgressors mez, e one be placed in a@ position where it will their only refuge from the uncontrolled despotism of a majority. Dela wares; hiring t mselves out as laborers to the With rd to the expediency of the Stat» of ordlas neighboring farmers, and occupying themselv. ing beskets and b South © exercising this right of secession, | either now orat any futare period, it would, | con- m It is said they have con ing intoxicating liquors, uered the habit of drink ut from what I witnesse | the scene of action, ceive, be presumptuous, in one so far removed from sane bf entity to oun is opinion, or intrude while at Ekfrid, | am satisied that a glass of whis- key is with them not the most unacceptable bever- age in the world. A youn, arrived there on foot, and I observed the form watching, with a good deal of interest, the copiou Indian and his squaw hia advice. In sucha crisis South Carolina must act for herself, and on herself alone. | would only observe that, in step 80 decisive as : | that of withdrawing from Union, unanimity among her citizens, or som nearly approach- libations that his white brethren were pouring dow. their thr Being in! ed by the landlord that he was pro- ing it, seems indispensable. It appears, however, that many distinguished men among you, whose reputation is national, whose opinions are entitled hibited from sellin; to these people, I requested to great weight, who have heretofore taken the him tosend some whiskey to my room; and beskon. ing to the Indian, he prom He needed no second invitation; but ssizing the tly followed me there. lead in opposing the compromise, believe that the time for secession has mangas cere that the co: ration of atleast a majority of the Southern Stat decanter, would have filled the tumbler, had I not requested him to leave some room for the water; is absolutely necessary to the successful issue of such a measure; that it is best to wait for further and after swallowing the draught he instant slight incident atten appeare:. injuries, or at least to see whether they will be attempted, and, if so, whether they will produce ture, a short time afterwards, indic: of the Indian and the jealous disposi I had given the woman a trifle of money unobserved ber husband, intending it for her own use. stance from the house, how- ever, while he was a few steps in advance, she threw b When at a short ion of the man. such co-operation. Those whose views coincide with the resolutions adopted by your association, on the other hand, believe that immediate secession, or secession after ‘‘ waiting a reasonable time ” for the co-operation of other States, is indispensable to the safety and honor of the State of South Carolina. the piece of a little to the right, and running forward picked it up, and handed it to hor lord and Which of these parties will eventually predomin: remains to be seen; and until that is decided, I shall master, who pocketed it as he strode onward, fol- lowed by his «locile and artful spouse. content myself with asserting the right of secession, leaving the exeemency of its exercise to be decided id it be found that a very con- Another Btd for the Presidency. LETTER OF MR. J. K. PAULDING, SECRETARY OF THE NAVY UNDER VAN BUREN. Hype Park, Dutchess county, N. Y., September 6, 1851. GENTLEMEN :— Your letter, directed to me at York, conveying an invitation to address a meeting of the citizens of Charleston district, to be held in Charleston, South Carolina, on the 17th inst., has just reached me at this place, where I now reside. For the complimeat thus tendered, and the language in which it is conveyed, I beg you to accept my acknowledgments, regrets that | cannot compl; Distance and space, the burden of years I should bear with me, and, more than all, my incapacity for in| 1 me to decline a tas! tt t itted. What [ have to say! | of those who, while loudly professing their devotion, rmit me to address to you | aro steadily pursuing a course of policy that has through a medium to which I am more accustomed. public speak: , by the result. Shou! ew South Carolina, or any ot accompanied by | with your wishes. 1B, com which lam totally un! therefore hope you will le minority is not only opponed, but will re- sort to this remedy for their coeraness, I conceive its immediate adoption would be hazardous in the extreme. But, when ag t interests are at stake, much shoul be risked in their preservation. For myeelf, I will only er. that were I a citizen of er Southern State, | trus: I should not be found among those who, after placing themeelves in front of the battle, and leading their followers into a position whence they could not re- treat without dishonor, retired from the field only, i: would seem, to see if the enemy would pursue them. A few words more, gentlemen, in order that | may not be misunderstood or misrepresented, and 1 will no longer trespass on your time or patience. If I know myself, and the innermost feelings of my heart, 1 am a better friend to the Union than many already alienated a considerable portion of its As it appears from the tenor of your letter that | citizens, and will assuredly bring about its dissolu- you are already sufficiently aware of the opinion I ; entertain with respect to what is whimsically called _ that I have lent my feeble aid in opposition to that the compromise, | will only trouble you with a brief recapitulation. In my view it was @ gross and pal- | pable violation of that great fundamental principle | of State equality which pervades every provision of | the constitution, and forms the basis of thi deration ; a most upjustifiable attack on the happiness of one hal! States composing it, accompanied by insult « concession, wrested by force ef numbers froma minority ; and that in ve more fatal to the rep Prosperity, and happiness, if not tae very existence, ofthe Union, than any measures that may be re sorted to in attemptin, past or security for the Such being my view of the subject, I am, and of opinion that the stand crigioally taken by South Carolina, and most of position to the princi- measures, was not interests, safety, an loquy: a pretended consequences it will always have been, the Southern States, in ples embodied in that series of enly justifiable, but demanded by a proper regard for their rights and their honor; and that an ition they then assumed, abandonment of the fran forth. The association from # North urite in denounci: ing the constitutional ri, its inflexible duty, to p ; State that may hereafter be | Union. From all present appearances, the princi- pee imbo:lied inthe compromise will continue to ¢ the wasis of the future policy of the goverment. It eeems also probable that the Stat submitted to past, will be equally quiescent under | future wrongs. Having thus briefly stated my views with regard to your first and second, I will last and most important resolution, namely :— “That, failing in a reasonable time to obtain the co-operation of other Southern States, South lina should alone withdraw from the Union. It seems rather late in the day to be called on to combat the old exploded doctrine of passive obedi- ence and non resistance, the assertion of which cost ‘nd sent another into pe: } that doctrine has lately been received by some of the highest names of the re- | pe public, it calls for a passing notice in connection | the oceans with canvass, from th With the subjeet of this letter. too, that this long-buried monster, which receive its death wounds in the two revolutions of Eng- jand and America, should have been dug up and rervseitated by distinguished democrati: republi- From all but the darkest regions of the civilized world, this portentous been banished, ag it Would appear, on fuge in that which professes to be tae most free and eniightencd. There is not a Euro, or theologist, of aay established reputa- weuld now venture to proclaim the i have boen asserted by re- sin the halls of a Congress of repub- | one monarch his head, tualexile. Yet, can statesmen save, cuscion of this doctrine of »- resistance on the part of of a confederation of States would require + more space than is prope an exte which is a law of nature an to alll alie tem lished bey the agree: ing, and ean neither be a An eminent American statesman, high in office, and a candidate for stil higher honors, whose i | ione I wish to treat wit for the mort part, Methodists, ani have a manuel | attempted to establich revolution and secession; | resist, and the right of reti necessity of resorting to resistance. His it L rightly comprehend him, is, that though a ple or State may have a right to rosist by certain contingencies, they have none to | peaceably beyond the reach of injury and | sien. It seems they bave no alternativ I did not gain much, however, by this | either penceshly submi.or t cannot got out ofthe way. to obtain redress fo and an acquiescence leclared they would resist, “at all to the Jast extremity,” unless accompani knowledgment of having been wrong in the ice, Would, in the language of the printed resolutions appended to your letter, be “ what they could not submit to without dishonor.” abandonment of all previous pledges and declara- tions were the result of a sul having greatly erred in honorable and magnanimous. But such appears not to be the case; since even the advocates of acquiescence still continue to assert the on which these pledges and declarations were basecl, as well as the wrongs which first called them juent conviction of hem, it would be is, I believe, right in its second | resolution, declarinig its belief that the co-operation | of any of the Sodthern States with South Carolina, either in resistance or secession, is at least im bable, so long as the influence and general government are arraye rights. Nor «lo | see any reason for beiiev: | any probable change of administration will produce a ane of measures ; since ir repeated declarati as you will perceive ‘ons, all parties in the | slavery, and maintain- | it of Congress, as well as bit its extension to any adi int mitted into the lw Tt seems strange, | south—go every whe: hantom hase wor! tom | they arrive at home. Amenicrs. | ee whi r me to occupy, time than you can spare on this occas m it necessary. The right of resistance by yas respects States and communities, ion of the individual righ: of self-defence, ecedent and paramount and all constitutions. which cannot be or surrendered by the adoption of f social organization nd controvers: unenswerab'e arguments ofall the great an: suthorities on the law such were not the case, | olways will be acted upon in opposition to all authorities | of the writers who assert or concede the right of re | tistence have attempted to define the precise line | where resistance becomes j who live in the rear of the settlement, and are the | net susceptible of definition + | least tractable Indians in Canada. Tho Manseos he unanswered and nature and nations; and if t has always been, and when the oodasion aftses, It is true that none yeu willexcure a wholesome jealousy he fools for jable, because it is It is a master of foel- broad distinction betw other words, the right to ring out of reach of the L096 tu, al rade tion. It is under the influence of this attachment olicy. Neither force nor coercion can preserve a ‘nion voles, formed on the basis of perfset equality ; nor do | believe it possible to preserve or perpetuate this confederation by any attempts to onfe- | extend the powers of the general government be- the | s prescribed by the constitution, trictly construed agreeably to its letter and spirit. The first attempt to coerce any one of its members will be the handwriting on the wall, predicting the speedy and certain (ate of the Union. It is not to be presumed that creat States, many of them equal in extent to powertul kingdoms, and inhabited by increasing millions of freemen, jealous of their 3 of an honest sailor, that, trou Sandy Heok till our return, (cing the first to re- ns | port our own arrival in Obir»,) I mever saw scarce a gallon of water on her de’x ‘hat did not either come from the clouds or was ire wa up by the bucket because I consider the ig’ of | rope. that you may shortly hea Limeburner, now in coma SOME OF THE PREMIU: © 2a do ,do., L. G ty, Lamarti: os 8d do. do., Lewis F. Allen, Bla Best 2 year old bull, Lewis G chester county. Lord wn ha 2ddo.,do,W.T. & N Chaps ccunty, Young Splendor... 24 do., do’. J. G. Peck, West Bl Best 1 year old bull, J. M. 8h Tempeste..ee.s-. a 24 do., do., B. W. Sheldon, Bes 3d do., do., L. G. Morris, Ford Best cow over 3 years old Azalia, 16 years old... 2d do., do his imported heifer Oxford 2d do., do., 8. B, Chapman, heir ches: 8d do.. do., Lewis I. Allen, Black ok, Lydia. Best 1 year old heifer, Mr. N. J. ‘ivcar, Long Island, imported helfer Apricot... seseeeene 44 do,, do., J. M. Sherwood, Aubu:n, Bansey”4i 3d do, do 8. B. Chapman, beit-r Ruby 24 Best beifer calf, 8. B. Chapma\ 24 do., do., B. W. Sheldon, Sepne«t Luelila 4th, Ti Best three Cows and three Heifers under three years of he owned by Exhibitor. Jchn M. Sherwood, cow Pansy 3a Jobn II. Sherwood, heifers Ked R Lady Sale, commended in the highest terms. Best bulls over three wright, Rhinebeck. 2d do. E. N. Thomas, 8d do. M. C, Remington, ir the High's, brave, high-spirited, and energetic, can be held together except by a voluntary cohesion. This confederation may be likened to the great system of the universe, and it is only by the benign and gentle influence of attraction that the bright stars of our constellation can be kept in their will, in the end, fare like the rash foel who aspired to direct the chariot of the sun. lam, gentlemen, your aetis erent, . K. Pavipine. To F. D. Richardson, H. H. Raymond, W. Il. ‘olina. The Supremacy of the Seas—By Whom Maintained. TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. I saw, in Saturday's Heral/, a rosponse to your first movement, in relation to a grand reception that should be given to Messrs. Stevens, Wilkes, and Hamilton, who exhibited the yacht America, at the late great trial of speed in English waters. This response to your proposition is well, and shows that there is a disposition among the mass of the people te foster and encourage every effort made by our countrymen to excel every other nation in naval skill and marine architecture. Asanation we are comparatively yet young ; but when. or where have we ever been sosond to apy poweron sea or onland? As small as our little navy was during the two wars, we successfully passed through with the flag that has « for a thousand years, Braved the battle and the breeze,’ conquered! Wo nobly conquered, and Britan- nia * the waves” no longer. Our sailing packets have long been the pride and boast of our countrymen. Our clipper ships, which are daily being launched, in point of beauty and rpeed, cannot be —- y any other nation. Our Collins’ line of packet steamers have proved themeelves the paragon of excellence, durability, and celerity; and that we should lately have been the victor in the great race which has just trans pired, makes us feel proud of our country—proad of citizens— proud of our resources, and proud also that we live under the laws of a vernment | that imposes no restrictions on the etforts of | genius and enterprise. Let our people, then, “ head.” That is our motto. March on—propel—span the continent with a cordon of clip and steamers. Whiten Arctic to the \ntaretic circle! Go east—go west—go north—go Rest two years old bull, L. H. Colby, Selpio, 24 do. Samuel Baker, Edmonsto 8d do. Albert Allen, Jordan . Best one year old bull, L. 1 24 do, Ambrose Stevens. 34 do. Ambrote Stover “ Best bull calf, Miles orbits. Those who attempt to bridle or spur them | 24 do, Ambrose Stevens, Cows Best cow over 3 years old, W.P.& ©. S Wainright, 2a do, L.G, Morris, ‘Fordham. 3 ‘3d do, A. Btevens. New York, Peronneau, committee, &e., &c., Charleston, South | Best 2 2a 34 do, M. Vernon, Stafford, Gen. Best 1 year old heifer, A. Stevens, N.Y Qido. WP. & C. 8. Wainright Rhiue St do, M.C. Remington, Sennett, Cay. county. Best heifer ealf, R. 1.’ Van Rensselaer, M 2d do. H.N. 3 cows produced by Mr. & 3 cows and heifers produced by 2d do., Rowisnd Botham. Black Rock Sd do. Wm. Il. Sotham, do. do. Best 2ycar old bull, Gen, R. Hei Monroe county, Wantoge.,.. Beet 1 year old bull. Lewis F Ali 21 do, Rowland xotham, do Best bull calf, W. H. Sotham, Black Rock, Victory ... Best cow over 5 years old, W. If Sotham, Black Kock. Short Tail.......... 2d do. W. If. Sothar, Bla ad ds do. Best beifer calf, Allen Ayrault. 24 do. W. I, Botham, B Best © cows and 3 he! e and bear the seed and fruit gbted, down-trodde ‘This it is our destiny to do. of liberty to the be reesed of every la bas been decre navi In view, then, reer on thea native shor honer of these facts, let the cannon | ich of our country men toward their ard tell them, that as they hare us abroad, we will honor them when | “A Clipper as ts a Cilpper.* 70 INE SAUEPER OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. Hope you wil excuse the liberty, an unlearned fo’castle salt, taxes in presaming to pay his ser- vice to your honor after this fashion ; but d’ye see there's no help for it, seeing as how the beautiful yarn in Saturday's Herald, about boats, and Yankee yachts, and Yankeo steamers, and Yankee clippers, was very awkwardly spun, in one respect, os it scems to me; and that was in ne- giecting to include among your list of clipper ships, the name of one of the sweetest crafts that ever danced through old Neptune's dominions. [ mean the clipper ship Semuel Rugeell, of this port, built by Wertervelt & Mehay. ©, sir, you may safely be- Here it, she is indeed somo, and a plain tar begs and of- | By , en Best rar old bell i by the Almighty tha’ our | Pest boll marine shail be the great regenerator of the | ad Be | ‘Morrie 5 2d do. do. Bara P. Pr id do. do. . Best two years old heifer, Nara P. Pre | Best cow over three ye 2d do. do do. 2d do do do. Allen Ayrault Geneseo, Fancy. Best heifer two years old, Lyman Turner, Genese) ‘2d do. Jobm Muir, Sen , Hamilton, Madison coun | Sd do., Jarper Barber; Avon, Livingston county. | Best one year old heifer, J. Freeman, Geneseo = do., D. W. Albertson, Lima, Livi Best heifer calf, Dounld M'Hardy, Rush, b Gould. Trans ing Coitle over Four Rest yoke of oxen, W. Wadsworth, Geneseo: 2d do., B. Bhrldon, Sennett......... Sd do., Daniel 8 Baker, Weet Bloomfield Best single yo the reputation of a craft his heart is somewhat bound mp in. Why, sir, though nearly every one of the clippers in yceur long list, bas been built since the Kurrell, and of course Brother Jonathan's syale of Yet 1 should be glad of the chance to stake the wages of a twelvemonth’s voyage. that throughout /ohn Ball's wide extended kingdom, either in his navy dido,. WT & Od do, David 8 Baker, we left could tell you many intersv\iag facts connected with the history of this ta ¢ ship—hew, ona subsequent voyage, all bands wrote him from Hong Kong, by a hip that sailed res :ly a month before and how beautifully we vauled and passed her, having thereby to deliver ‘ae eontents of our letters by word of mouth in the slack, as your time taken up with a rough sailor however, with Cyd perreise that, in my humble opinion, if the sparred, there is not a ship could outeail hi q #, but I must haul 9 im it to bo a. But I willeay, ussell were © mowkhat more heavily in the world, that iaps, judge of the correctnes: a informed while she is sixty tons larg athe Sea \ and is, in all respects, fully .-» equal, she ye os —_ one-fifth less canvass than viv justly celebrated clipper. ‘oping that you will eo his boldness, and > arrival of Capt. the Samue! Hus sell, ] remain your very bur orvant, t aT Sreicu, Nicknamed by my messu. Bor Siay. September 22, 1851 “fo crown all, the 8. R. be «ode some half dozen voyages to China once by the way 0: San Francisco, and, as lum tpformed, has never o> a scarce the slightest mishap. vi The State © M pal +15 «kink Livingston) 10 cord Hatton 5 Best bull calf, J. M. Sherwood. (i arm, Gen, Putnam 10 2d do., do,, Aaron Barber, Lisis-tvn county, Trans, 3 2d do., do., John R. Page, Seam t!, Cayuga county, commended, One year old bull, Daniel C. M nv», Elbridge, Amtior, commended. Cows. Morris, Fordham, ‘imported cow Ox- , Lewis G. Morris, k i eSush OS a & 1, heifer calf iliips. & e, Daisy, Ruby, $25 Mulpa r commended. . and Young: No. 2 C. 8. Wain. t Rhinebeck. ears old heifer, R. 1. Van Rensselaer, § Tis, Otsego count: Morris. fego county,.... Wachbur Morris, Bie S aShaSS witli don, Wyomii rd Wm. Gervutt, highly commended. 1 Devon cow, produced by Mr. J. W. Hammond- highly commended. 1 Devon cow produced by Mr. 8. Baker, Edmesiom Otsego county, commended 12y he r old mended. eifer produced by Mr. M. Vernon, com- 1 yearling heifer produced by Mr. M. Vernon, highiy c ommended. 1 2 year old heifer, L. J. Morris, Fordham, highly eommended. 1 yearling heifer, W. P. & C. W B.ainright. — Herefords No. Best bull over 3 years cld, Alien Ayrault, Geneseo, Trom do. ck Rock, Liliy. 8 3d,do., Rowland Sotham, do do., : 6 Best 2 year old heifer.Alien Ayrauli. Geneseo, Jenny .. 20 2d do. W I, Sotham Biack ioe Bell sy ™ 0. a ra ibany olf William A Mills, Mowat Morr’ Feta P. Preotice, Albany, Trans... . ow over three years oll, William A.’ Mil “nity Pest one year old heifer, Ezra P. Prentice, 15 td do, do. do, do bog bed ad . vet heifer calf be . -e a S—Netives and Cross between Natives and Improved tile old, John Brown, Aub o., Allen Ayrault. Geneseo county No. or) eat > Stepherd. Wheatland, Monroe co, Devon steers, highly recem: ‘The above list comprizes the prince! prizes awarded. ‘The whole list would oecupy ptr car paper, and are not of sufficient interest to command such space, prascs:iemtwrmad to Domestic Miscellan: The New York State Fair, just closed &¢ Rochester or ainong his merebuntmen, no matter what the size | created a great excitement in Western fork, or rg, be has not # vessel among the whole crowd, | papers, generally, are filled with its Se d, that could successfully compete with the Samuel Kursell. When | made a voyage to China in that ce thip, under ccmmand of old Captain Nat. Palmer, (a captain, ket me tell you, as isa ouptain,) we bad wn caperience of so rewarkable @ character, that it has citen been a wonderment to me, that the ship's owners, or some of ber Leas relations, did ‘The farmers of the interior of Peunsyivania have beem compelled. in many places, to feed their cattle on hays the grass being so much burnt up for the want of rain. A young Indy, Elizabeth Pratt, was seriously, if no® fatally, injured, on he closing of the octon Jbl io cenrquence of the stick from a rooket falling on ber ead.