The New York Herald Newspaper, August 26, 1851, Page 3

. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OFeEDUCATION. ¥ Our Ohio Report. FIRST DAY.—EVENING SESSION. A lecture from Mr. Bates was then announced by ‘the Chair. Mr. Samvet W. Bates, of Boston, then delivered an address upon the influence which the peculiar condition of different nations, and the spirit of dif- ferent ages, have had upon education, inquiring What were the governing ideas of tho present age, and their effect on education? He inquired if any one could give a definition of education, which would comprehend all the systems which the world had tried, or if any one could tell what was the o3- Sential property ofeducation. The Indian warrior; the Chinese, the man of business; the pedantic Scholar—each has his notion, But what is the Standard? Shall the same systems be applied to all nations, or even to all individuals in the same nations? The great principles of developing the moral, intellectual, and physical powers, were common to all systems, being fixed uochangeably by God. Men differed only as to which should hhave the preponderance. But in plans, in systems, no universal rule could be established. The spirit ‘of different ages, the forte of different nations, and » indeed all conceivable human differences, com- bined to prevent it. He illustrated this by a re- view of the peculiarities in the manifestations of education in past ages, and by a brief sketch of na- tional characteristics in modern education, showing that the same differences which characterized them as nations, also manifested themselves in their systems of education ; that this underwent a cor- responding change, according as the spirit of the age was warlike and powerful, and according to the relations which nations had to each other, and to the individuals which constituted them; that edu- catien had been, in turn, bpth the cause and con: uent of the condition of the world in all times. 'o give vividness to his view he conceived to be present the representatives of different systems— a Spartan, Athenian, Roman, schoolman of the Middle Ages, a soldier of Cromwell and of Napo feon, a German trancendentalist, a Jesuit, an €astern despot, a practical schoolmaster, aud a theoretical friend of education, &¢.—that they had just hia sre their ideas of the true way to eda- cat ¢ educational notion of each may have been suited to the time in which seg were pzomul- gated; but would they be suited to the present con- ition of the world, the spirit of the present age, orto any other than to that which produced them? Is there, then, any such thing as abstract educa- tion? The youth must be educated, not to meet every emergency, but only such as circumstances determined are prepared for him. [ducationists, therefore, must study the spirit of the age and the forte of the nation, before they put in ill digested theories. Experiment, at the hazard of a genera- \ tion of minds, is a matter too serious for trifling. Immediately after the delivery of the lecture, the Chair invited gentlemen to offer their opinions upon the subject. The subject, he said, was certainly one of great interest and importance. ‘There had been always a connection between the spirit of an age and its education, and, but for some remarks towards the close, he should conclude to adopt its eentiment A spirited discussion followed, which was pro- tracted toa late hour, in which Professor Agnew, ‘President Mahan, Mr. Thayer, Mr. Pierce, Mr. ‘Washburn, Professor Rainey, and Hon. Josbua R. Giddings participated. I send you some of the re- marks that were offered. Protessor AGNEW, of the University of Michigan, said—After waiting long for older men to interrupt the awful pause, and feeling it important that the spirit of the meeting do not flag at its early sessions, Jrise, sir, not to make a speech, but rather to break the silence, and meet the expectation of the audience. Leaving the question of history, whe- ther edusation has been controlled by the spirit of the age, and dissenting from the proposition that ‘it must necessarily be so in the future, I propose to remark briefly on two assumptions of the address— to wit, that scie cannot be highly developed under a republic, and that second rate talents com- mand the most attention, and the best reward.’ Is it so that the second-rate merchant and mechanic re the successful men in their respective depart ments! Does the half-educated lawyer, physician, theologian, command the chief plazes, and obtain the largest compensation! My observation tells me no. True, indecd, the quack will often have agreat run of business ; but who secures the confidence of the community, and who is at length the man of substantial means? On the other point, the gen- ticman’s own address contradicted him. Id he not portray very beautifully before us the high state of intellectual cultivation at ancien; Athens | And was net Athens arepublic ? And who has sur- sassed o: equalled her in her esthetic developement, er high intellectual attainments! Is it indeed so that republican government is adverse to the cul- tivation of the miné? that under our free institu- tions, inspiring energy and zeal, we cannot rise to Jofty aspirations and attain ments, too, in all the departments of igen ' And when a system of universal education, under @ free government, shall bave trained the multitudes of foreign as well as native children, who shall say that a republican people will not a, iate and py, the best educated men, and that there will not be found among her noble sons those whose names, in science and lite- rature, shall give lustre to their country’s honor? Presiden: Mauan said that there was one gone- ral feature of the address which was somewhat po- culiar, and which seemed to require a passing re- mark. He referred to what, forfthe want of a bet- ter form of expression, he would denominate a kind of ind: finitenese, making upon the mind the im- ression that something should be done, without indicating what, and thus leaving us ina kind of ainfel. if not agonizing suspense. He did no’ be- eve in the principle of mainly consulting our fears; r fears awakened by vividly arraying before us the tits which attend action in every direction, in- stead of ex me hope, and then fies open the way dy which the objects of hope may be realized. It would be vatn for us to Ince! f0F the discussion of great principles of education, if our minds were to be chiefly ocoupied with impressions, and appaling exbibitions of the perils attendant on the attempt to lay down any principles whatever. In regard to the principle of government in our institutions of learning, alluded toin the address, he thought that there weretwo extremes equally perilous—the goveroment of the rod, without explaining to the child the reasons why authority is exercised—and more moral suasion, without a total repudiation of the rod, and even of authority, properly so called. ‘The perfection of government, in his judgment}, con- sisted in the union of the two principles—exercisi authority in the spirit of love, convincing the pup’ that what is required of him ‘is reasonable, right, and best—and then insisting that what he himself sees, he ought to do, he must do, and using the rod only wher under such circumstances, obedience is refused. All right government had its basis in the dictates of the common intelligence, and both in its principles and forms of adqinistration commend itself to the general conscience. The addross, as he thought, leaned too far towards the government ay bitrary, n the rod as the symbol of authority. Nor could he approve of the sentiment maintained, *, that individuals vould yield their xpedient, to that if he heard tin the addr of lesser talents and wisdom judgments of what is right and ‘of individuals above them in those endowments, and | at individual jadgment should be yielded to that | of the majority. On the other hand, reason and | inspiration both united in requiring every man, oa wil such subjects, to be fully persuaded in bis owa wind, ard himself, to‘ prove all thiogs, and to hold fost that whieh is good ir G Tuaver, of Boston, said—Mr. Prosi- , Irise with great reluctance to do any thing | he attent of the asoclation from the and expanding views of the gentleman | s just addressed you; nor should [ do it at | all, having come here to bea er and not a | sycaker, did 1 not fear that an ay tunity might not again be eff gestion of a single thought, whi my mind during the present d confine myself, sir, to a single povnt, and that briefly, and thus consume but a few moments of your time. ‘The last gentleman but one adopted in his remarks, @ very common error in regard to the re- lations of the parent and tho child, the teachor and the pupil. Those in authority in these parties, oc oupy, in many minds, a false position; particularly as it respects the teacher, who is r d with stern, for! ng countenance, standing with up- lifted arm, and sping, at the same time, the emblem of authority and the “ birch of justice’ — one the same insignia of his profession. Now this is doing a wrong to the office and the charac. rer of the twacher. ‘The ohject of going to school is to receive instrustion; government, control, or the exercise of authority, is but an incident grow- ing out of the relations of the parties. The chill enters upon bis pupilage, to learn what is needful to fit bin for the business and duties of life. While he pursues the course pointed out to him by hia teacher, no show of authority is necessary, and no power of coercion is called into action. He knows, on gute: he school-room, that authority exists in bim who presides there, and that it is his duty to obey, to do it implicitly sae If be fail in this, he is well aware of th sequences —cons equencs exist in the na- ture of things, in the usages of civilized society, ond in the common sense of mankind. Nor will he quarrel with this law. He submits, ae ® matter of course, especially if he has home for bis position. There be " dat oern Cinle when assive and almost an- the law of his being; when no thou, f porition had enterd his onder head led by ie wishes and her emile, his ope mind fol- lowed in the way she desired, from instinct rather than intelli, He then kuew no other way to , and if she continued faithful to her offepelt ¥ wield Ke maeneed f are isehcel-room, well pared sel as a member of the school. With most children, especially at a very tender age, the fact that the father or mother directed, is a sufficient reason for submission to the order. This feeling, this confidence should bo transferred to those who stand in the place of parents, Children are often desirous of knowin; wer certain things are required of them, and it well, as far as may be convenient to the instructor, to enlighten them on these they will obey with more rity ani satisfaction; but they should be early ht to receive, on authority, the reqsisitions of those who have the charge of them. It is by no means easy to meet and satisfy the inquiries of children on every point of school requisition. Nothing is more common than for children to inquire what is the use of studying this or that branch of education. A boy says, ‘1 don’t eee any use in grammar and natural philosophy.” And with the study of geometry, when pupils begin it while very young, the com- plaint is still more common. But are we on that account to dispense with these studies? A gentle- man told me yesterday, in conversation, that when a boy, he was to be educated for trade. lt was so announced to him, and this was understood to be his destiny; hence, when he was required to study Latin grammar, he inquired of what use it would be tobim? He was told that his father directed the study, and of course promptly yielded to the pene will, He has, since he became a man, ad occasion to exchange tho business of traffic for that of one of the liberal professions, and now rejoices in the results of his obedience, as a boon of priceless value. Mr. President, I appeal to you, sir, whether, in your moral and religious iastruc- tions in the family circle, it is not sometimes neces- sary to defer the giving of the reason for your re. quisition until the child’s mind is more developed- and capable of comprehending its rationale; and whether this isnot the experience of all who at- tempt to educate the young, either at the public seminary or at the fireside; and I doubt not that experience will bear me out in affirming, is the true and successful course. Letour children, then, be taught to look upon their in- structors as friends and fathers, having their wel- fare at heart; and that the measures which they adopt have this welfarein view. They will, then, instead of annoyance and disobedience, give them confidence, their friendship, and faeir love; and the teacher’s vocation will hence, in sober truth, become the “delightful task” of the poet. If no obedience to rules or lessons is to be rendered until every child’s mind has been satisfied as to the reason of it—as the gentleman who preceded the last speaker has said—should be the case, | would ask that gentleman how far down, in the scale of infaney, this process isto commence. For my own part, [ never can subscribe to such a course, for | am sure, instead of benefiting the child, we should, thus, wear out life in aseries of insignificant and profitless trifles, and verify the truth of the wise pete is **Wo unto that people whose King isa cl Mr. O. B. Peirce, of Rome, N. Y., asked the indulgence of the association for a few minutes. He saw many beauties in the address which can well afford to spare some of its redundancies, and would still be beautiful. He found there were some tendencies of the address which he could not en- dorse. He should be sorry to have this association adopt and promulge the doctrine of blind obedience to God or man, with no thought of investigating the reasonableness of the command. He weald Eavo obedience positive, not contingent. If man delays his obedience to God, till he can comprehend the philosophy of his whole code, could see its length and breadth, and depth and height, his laws would never be obeyed. Yet, sir, while I regard unquali- fied obedience to the letter of God’s law, demanded by him, I do not forget that its vitality with us, and the pleasure we derive from obeying, depend our understanding and feeling the spirit ot his laws. Asa parent, and as a teacher, | have ever tried to be careful that’ my commands should be reasonable in themselves; and while I am at all times anxious the child should understand why | command, I will not atlow his ability or inclination to understand my reasons, a condition of obedience. When the child has obeyed my commands, then he may ask the motive of reason of my having commanded him. Mr. Wasuovrn, of Philadephia, said:— Mr. President :—{s not this discussion too discur- sive and irrelevant? 1 respectfully submit that the remarks of gentlemen should be confined within their proper limits. I regret that the address, so interesting inthe main, is nevertheless so deficient in conciseness. The points intended in illustration, 1s in a general way; but not properly stated in advance, nor rehearsed in conclusion, are simply three:—Ist. What is edu- ion? 2d. That history proves the controlling i£mence of the > of every age upon its methods and objects of education. Sd. What is the spirit of our times, in our own country, as influencing our systems and purpose of education! Ana here the lecture was, to my mind, most unsatisfactory. Nor can it be deemed conclusive in establishing the second point asa consequence of the historieal fasts adduced. That patriarchal education, for instance, was the result of the spirit of the age cannot be shown until we first establish what constituted the so-called spirit of the age. Doubtless it was wisely provided in the absence of printed books and spesial teachers as a class, that the you should be instructed on the knees of venerable riod! red, whose lives, Fenching through generations, were prolonged for most pficent purposes. And we are not ready to t that the matchless text book of the Hebrews was necessarily narrowing in its influence, whea, withstanding wickedness and uprooting base idolatory, it moulded and elevated no: only the spirit but the age itself. Here is a subject worthy of thought. And I shall be pardon- ed in doubting whether many of the oo adduced from ancient or modern history are in any satisfse- tory degree more conclusive. But! have not risen for argument. | would only forestal such random talk. The lecturer's definition of education, as illustrated, would have been, when expressed, good and compreh¢ensive—discipline for a purpose—and none has undertaken to controvert this. But these should be the points of discussion. {[ woald he had expressed with some definiteness, bis apprehension of the real spirit of our age. “And yet the ques- tion most important of these all is, whother tho educated shall succumb to circumstances, or here, where Providence has mingled such mighty ele- ments on 60 grand an arena, fet himself to control, direct, and carry forward to more noble and ennobling human achievement. Professor Rainey said that he regretted that abler gentlemen from the West had not alverted to Mr. Bates’ elegant lectare with reference parti- cularly to the great want of authority in all our schools. Livery individaal who has Visited the schools of both the East and the West, has observed the superior order, harmony, and authority, in the former, and the great want of such authority in the government of the schools of the latter. This arises partly from the fact that hitherto teaching among us has not been made a profession, and con- sequently, as in every new country, those teaching have continued but a short time ia office. Hence, it ie impossible for the community to risk much confidence in their teachers; while, on th» other hand, as a consequence of this, they assume the exercise of the authority which they cannot dele- gate to the teacher, or, which is far more preju- dicia! to the interests of all concerned, delegate it to their children. Now, sir, let us commence with Germany, and we find that to the teacher is ac- part of the , and defended himself in an ad- mirable manner the attacks which had beea made. He said he had not had the opportunity fully to illustrate his ideas, but he was glad the lecture had been delivered as it had, and had elicit- ed such strong thoughts. He did not think our country was goin to destruction. He felt that liberty was the school of genius; but the tendency to immediate action didinterfere with the labors of the ardent student. i We aiterwards heard bim, in conversation with Mr. Giddings, say that the lecture had been writ- ten before the Fugitive Slave law had passed. | ‘The Association adjourned to meet at nine o'clock Wednesday morning. SECOND DA\—AFTERNOON S#S310N. The President not appearing at the appointed | hour for assembling, Mr. Cowperthwait, of Paila- delphie, moved tha: the Hon. Heary Barnard take the chair pro tem. Motion adopted: After the election of alist of permanent members, the association proceeded with the discussion of tho subject opened by Professor Mahan, in the morn- ing. Sir. Cowrertiwarr called for Professor Green, a delegate from Brown University. Professor Gueen regretted that Mr. Kiags- bury, or some otherraember of the faculty of Brown, was not present, as he himself had but revantly been connected with the institution. Professor Green stated, that some two or three years since, the subject of what is known as the now system of collegiate instruction, had been agitatedat the col- lege. ‘There was a report from a committee at the head of which was President Wayland, wao made the report, which has beon read by many present. This change he would not have considered so radical as to be called new. The University, he would rather say, had been enlarged. The course being but four years in extent, and new studies being in- troduced by the necessities of the times, the course must be cay much changed in its plan, or the studies would be very much crowded. (President Potter came in and took the chair.) It has been thought that the classical studies had been neglected. It was notso. That course was never more thorough. Professor Green read from -a pamphlet the courses of instruction age de in the University, and showed how the basis of instruction had been en- larged. The courses, thus far, have beea most thoroughly pursued, and the results have been good. He wished, if an impression prevailed in this part of the country that the classical depart- ment had been neglected, to correct it. Brown University recognized the wants of the community at Jarge. It has been intended to constitute a nor- mal department in the university, and a professor of didactics has been appointed, who will fit stu- dents for teaching. The art of teaching the me- thod and the organization of schools, ret the con- struction of school houses, are all embraced in this Gtpartnep he Ir. Cowrertuwairt would enquire whether the Professor of Didactics would make the common co aged of the city a theatre for practising his pu- s. ‘2 Professor Green said that tho pupils would un- doubtedly have the privilege of visiting the different schcols, and would be instructed by seeing the prac- tical operaticn of systems of instruction. In answer to a question of Professor Agnew, in relation to the classical course, he stated, that most of the students of the university entered the clas- sical course, and were candidates for the degree of A. Bor A M. One gentleman, only, had thus far taken the new degree of Bachelor of Philosophy. He hoped and believed many more would de go. Professor AGNEW would return to the discussion of the lecture of President Mahan. He disapproved the innovation. The old system of education was fa'sely called a compulsory system. The next point of the lecture he noticed was, that tho old system was exclusive. He did not think it was true. Tne great object of the collegiate course is the discipline of mind, and this course prepares for a profession, or apy other walk of life. Again, the old system, it is said, does not teach the young man to read the book of Ged and nature. But this is not correct; for in @ measure this is taught in tho colleges. The word of God is read, and prayer and preaching are heldin every college. The Greck Testament is in many of them taught every Monday morning. It isnot intended to make them theological ake naries, but moral instruction is not wanted. The lecturer had said that mathematics received but a small share of attention. Where can a better knowledge of mathematics be obtained than in the old colleges?’ Who are the men who have be- come distinguished in this branch of learning, but thore who have been through the ola collegiate course? The lecturer had said it was a waste of time to unravel sentences in the dead languages that didnot contain fine thoughts. Professor Ag- new contended that even if the subject was not in- structive, there was no better or more complete dis- cipline for the mind. It exercised at once the memory, the imagination, the reason and the judg- ment of the pupil. But those old authors woro ric in thought, that well repaid the labor bestowed upon them. It was remarked further by this gentle- man, that the youthful mind should bo taught to look at realities rather than abstractions. Mr. Gat.away eaid he had not intended to mis represent or ridicule the distinguished President of Cleveland University. He thought the new system wasequally compulsory with the old. It required an examination before entering upon any course. This shows the impraction bitty of the plan. Mr. Brann, of Indiana, was sorry the gentleman who addressed the fation, this merning,em- ployed the terms ‘‘old” and “new” system. The epeaker was a practical educator. He believed we bad in our Western colleges a multiplicity of stu- dies, yet he could not think of giving up the old system. ‘The debate was continued at some length. but we have not room to-day for the publication of any further report of it. . Our Williamston Correspondence. Wistiamsron, August 20, 1851. Commencement of Williams College—Exercises, §c. To-day I have had the pleasure of attending the commencement at Williams College, and, having a leisure hour, { have determined to furnish you a briefaccount of the proceedings. The exercises of commencement week were begun on Sunday after- noon, by the delivery of the sermon before the gra- duating class, by Mark Hopkins, D. D., President of the college. On the same evening, Prof. Smith, of the Union Theslogical Seminary, addressed the Williams Society of Inquiry. Oa Monday evening, the Lyceum of Natural History was addressed by Prof. D. A. Chadbourne. On Tuesday afternoon, H. Bartlett, Eeq., of Lowell, addressed the alumai. In the evening, was held the prize rhetorical exhi- bition, after which the Hon. Rufus Choate addres. ted the Adelphic Union Society. This distinguished orator drew together an im- mense concourse from the neighboring towns and counties in Maseachusetts and New York. The church, though large, was literally crammed, and hundreds were unable to get iuto the house. Mr. | C. delivered one of his most splendid speeches, and | heldbhis large audience tn rapt attention for nearly two hours. On the speech itself I forbear to make any comments,as | understand it is to be published. ‘lhe ad reference to the permanency of the subje corded an importance, dignity, d authority, which no slight breath of oppo: away, while ail submit to his authority as a pro- perly constiteted and high officer. ile is in ducted to his cffice witn rel gious o jes 5 to thwart the operations « tinual personal assum ecme further, and find the authority is not yet far stronger and imo Weet. lam aware that many in the West think that in New England a young man is not sapposed to be capable ot any common business watil he is twenty-five or thirty years old; that he soareely nccourtable, and is to be bere! watched by his parents ; and however much of this spirit may vail, yet I conceive that the authority delegate the New England community to the teacher, is one of the surest guaranties of their permanent success Hiuman nature is yet depraved, and yet it is true that there are thousands cf children, unfitted by parental training for submission to any authority, whether at home or abroad. So long as parents neglect their childion, or so long as they are inca- pable of properly influencing them, we will find jouth incapable of persuasive government, and the consequent necessity of giving to those to whom the State commits them, the authority to bend them to a proper mould. ‘This is not done in tho is the source of continual strife and tur- nts are af the schoo tion of “ogland, while in Germany, it is , parent. oy } his child peouliar privi- favors, while he is unwilling to have him ‘0 the genoral mould, or sacrifice one ambi- ‘or the general good. toenter his protest against ths sweeping denun- ciations of reformers in the lecture. ite ad con- demuned, not individuals, but the whole class. Ho bad derounced those who grappled with the vices and the follies of their times ‘he Convention had met to — education, not to condemn pro- ress be speaker thought tho Fugitives Slave jaw had been referred to. Iié wou!d not refute his Christian brother, fleeing from bondage, the cup of was atime when he hung ee Conscious on bis mother's bosom; when hor will cold water and the piece of bread ‘The lectuger, Mr. Bares, bad tag Qoos ia the lat. becomes the condcctor of the Parigh eaoir; is paid an atoy ry; is certain of the continuance | of his place, 8 guilty of grsat dereliction of duty, and, fir « jon by the services of his profes ed years, supported by the g Thine commu nity look up to him, and ps salutary than in the | Thy | HUA Gippines begged an opportunity | {1 | hi lt was listened to woh applause sally written Pr | Alder d lo tion on tiful Mi oreign Stricture were well written, and well r rucker, Temple tions. We bi vem | Addres | a eplend | Hon rei }¢ exec that sameness and upon college co: ¥ gradua f | The degree we mer, in the hot season, by pe village, however, is emall, ay college as rete The ecener strikingly grand | vard may bea | works of art ; | mountain | “Eoe mind unconsciously derives lessor beauty, shut out from tho dirt and | | 1 | | Valo and Har. tins and , trode’ and fanned by the purest breene Williamston furnishes a fitting placa for the pr | ceention of study, aad the dgveiggemeas of vat | ' preven ‘The States of Honduras, Nicar: San Salvador. (Translated from the Gaceta of San Salvador, Jute 20.) ‘hy of Honduras, Nicuragua, ae ry Salvator, are busily engaged in the election of de puties fur the national constitueat Assembly, which will settle for ever the destiny of Central 7 The three States are looking fur the ablest men, known by their fame and their patriotism, in order to send thes to this great popular body, to repre- sent their rights aud to organise tho confederacy, The deputies are already elected in Honduras; in Nicaragua the elective is now going on with vigor, and in Salvador it will jake place in three days. We recommend our citivens to act and considor with the greatest attontiou in that election objet is great, vital, and of the highest importanes to rhe country. All those in Soreigu countries, and particularly in the Northern republic, who interest them elves ia the good being of Central Amoriea — all those who wish to establish themselves in this country, and all speculators, advise, a9 the first step tobe taken, the prompt organization of the na- tional government. ‘Toe imporsant results of this step are known to every oue, and aow, for te first time, it is easy to see that the confederacy will be carried into effect. The sincerity and good faith with which the governments of the three States work for unity, is the best guarantee furnished us, and we can foresee that Central America will very soon appear as united and strong, as it was before the dissolution of the federal treaty. As for Salvador, it will use all possible means to render this enterprise successful. ln a woek from this time, our tweive deputies will be elected, and they will proceed, without any delay, to the poiat fixed for the meeting. ‘Chis great assembly, it is hoped, will give to the republic a constitution anal- agous to the principles of the day, and to the popu- lar representative system; it will establish a na- tional Executive, with sufficient power te fulfil its funetions; it will adjust the tariff uniformly and our port dues on both seas; is will take charge of all means of communication on seas or on land; and, in fine, it will give to the country a single impulse facilitating, in that manner, its prosperity and ad- vancement Commerce, particularly in the ports of the South, wiil develope itself with the greatest rapidity, and all will prove that these States will undergo a salutary change. Agrisulcure acquires, from to day, a new developement, and the spirit of enterprise is spreading in all parts. The prudence and patriotism of our Governors strengthen the hopes of the multitude, who want only security to resume their ordinary business. If the great as sembly which is about to meet, understanding its bright mission, fills tae objects for which it was nomi- nated, the country will awake from its fital lethar- gy, and those who may have contributed to the re-construction of the social edifice will be blessed by the present and future generations. For a long time we have heard different clamors, without combination or concert, about national unity. Now the opision is general, and advances with gigantic steps towards a plan which, sustained with pereeverance, will give the bes: results. The plan now proposed is known to us—it was once put in practice and gave us unity and a national govern- ment. A great Congress, in which are elected nu- merous talented men, is a very precious guarantee for liberty and the rights of the people. The sys- tem which all the American continent wants to adopt is well known, and it is unnecessary for us to repeatit. Republicanism, popularity, represen- tative institutions, and democracy, have taken deep root inthis hemisphere, and there is no human power sufficient to stop the progressive movement towards the best social condition by means of libe- ral institutions. ‘This confidence makes us repose with tranquillity in our desire, and we care little for the slight obstacles which the leaders of the re- trocession and darkness pretend to oppose. Ths words liberty ana equality have a magic power which cunning cannot overcome—refned astuce. To follow, with decision, these principles, is what prudence advises, and we, for our part, will follow that way in order not to separate ourselves from general opinion and public desire. & Interesting yrom Texas.—It is about certain now that Bell is elected Governor, Howard to Con- 3 ss from the Western, and Scurry from the Eastern District, all democrats. The Galveston News says that the steamship Mexico was moved some ten feet on Saturday week, by the Galveston, when further efforts were abandoned, in conse- quence of a fail of tide. Afterwards a squall sprang up, raising the water considerably, by which the Mexico was carried some forty feet nearer the chan- nel. It is now thought that she will be easily gotoff on the first high tide. We have, of late, seen some indications, and heard many surmises of another approaching revolution in Mexico. The Scntind seems to anticipate the future republic of Sierra Madre, by which Mexico will lose another ogee of territory, equal to that she has already jst. It iso surmised that Arista will be at the head of this revolution, should he be overthrown from his present power in Mexico. In relation to the crops, a letter from Centreville, Leon county, 8a “Tam gratified to say that the crops in this country have a more flattering appearance than in any of the counties in the Valley of the Trinity, from Harris to Dallas. The planters make no com- laint respecting their cotton crops. From the leg drought the corn has not matured so full as if there had been more rain; yet the latter crop will be abundant, and to spare, for the fall emigration ex- pected from Alabama. This county iscomposed of two-thirds the population originally from that State. 3 jreene, Pickens, and Marengo, have a re- presentation; and the ensuing season will add many more solvent planters from those counties to our resent population.” The editor of the. Red Land Verald has learned, from intelligent planters from various portions of Nacogdoches county, that the long and uninterrupted drought has caused almost an entire failure of the corn crop in that county; and that, in all ahgprane 2 the cotton crop in that and the adjoining counties will be exceedingly short. The plants are shedding their blooms and ourg bolts to such an extent as to justify the be- ief that there will not be more than half a crop.— Naw Orleans Picayune, August 17. SHIPPING. UNITED STATES MAIL STEAM hip BALTIC. tain J. J. Comstock.—This steamshi will depart with th ited J ils for Kuro) tively on Sat berth at the fopt o freig! ni: EDWD. ‘The steamer A tlantio will fomber 13th. W YORK AND N*h. books for subscription are no nd per & Wall street, w! every fSsion converming the dorpt be obtained. may = NEW YORK AND LIVERPOOL UNITED STATE: ‘Mail Steamers.—The shipe comprising thie are th t. Price of pasenge from xclusive uso of oxtra vine scate it, £35. An expert hip. Ne berth ons foo gaat ‘vary ster22 apply to JOLLINS No. 86 Wall gtceot, N. Y & G0., Live 13k ee, or mowals recieve atom Hi tho vale ry tigned Sherefor, an ext, tho rate of freight by the abov pool will be materially reduoed. th ora from Li LIVERPOOL.—THE LS 4 ayance for thoss about visiting Bue BD, S10) Foro Cavin, $00. Passongore th railroad tickets te Philadelphia by wba S58 ERS OMAG RICHARDBON, 41 xchange Pisce. SECOND LINE.—THE FOU ACKETS FO lows Havre on the 15th, and New PAfrine York on the pe. provided wi f the comfort and convenience of Charges Det thers actually incurred, BOYD & HINCKEN, Agents, 161 Peart stress. AST VESSEL TOR SAN FRANCISCO.—DISPATCR F ty ¢ line,—Th LDEN GATE is now rap and elegant New York built clipper y londim at Pier 5, North River. Shippers having engagements will please complete the sam ae there wil einy. Freight takes ‘ FON. 44 Wail sireos. B PHILADELPHIA Lino be on So = earer OSPREY, Cap irneeiio$ Be enn, vom ti oh * 9, sopi7 te fea 1, Soviey. AL Wail ogee’, Oe offive of the company, ROWERY TH cents; 8. RATRE BOXES, 25 CENTS; PIT, 1235 innnnnnnnn AMUSE EN ES: BROADWAY THEATRE —E. a. MARSHA! oats ia Orchestra Bo # ta. Doors open e, most SsOLB at7!4; thecurtain will rise at 7% tof Mr. B. Wil. | # sa nis etorte, TegMeareneme walsh Bogen Haws. Tuesday ev ug. 2), will be performed THE lishsat att nAnORR OR SLEDGE DRIVER. Danilo Mr, E° Eady; Catharine | ¥ is monnee ed, for Soltikowt. Mrs, M. J To be followed by the drama of | ix: with = onto Le SHANDY McGUIit dy McGuire, Mr. B. Williams; | F. RNIVAL DAY INV Frank Connor, Mr. Hamilton: Dick, Mes. 8. Williams. Af cipal ok the famed comedy of OUR Qa: mry Seymour, Mr. t 5 cline, Mrs B. Homey oJatude'with | Mile. Clementine Rousset sug’ ti. HO¥—Paddy Milos, Mr. B, Williais; Job, | 824 other entertainments will Fidget’, Mrs. Broadly. Kite those popular artists, Me: THEATRE, CHAMBERS STREET.—D Mrs, Sefton, Miss Capel, \d Parquette, 6) cents: Second Tier, 25 cts.; Pri- | Rent pertor ae will appear. vate Bi § Orchestra Seats, 75 cta, Doors spenat744; | give alterations have been m: (begin o'clock. Tuesday evenit ast 26, will bo | Theatre, ai ; vaste comedy, in three acte, of 8 M T panes ano Farausd Admiral Franklin, Mr. Bland; Charles aklin, . » Ba 7 f fr. Lewero: Bil! bae been re ih Becton eres ine Westra Mise bawe’(alea bee popu: | bees iatned Hroughout the building.“s new wage Baw lar songe), Miss Mary Ta. Poon. | be nd many other alterations have beea made, both elude with the farce of ©. Wad. | before and behind the curt ti ult the Mr. RK cat i Jack, | convenience of the audien been ea- .. ' | tered into with Native and ign f the listine guished reputation, and the Manager will, during the season, ATIONAL THEATH Circle an? Boxes, N Tiek ainments will APES OF ADELA DEN— Mr. Bi De Gaston, Mr. Cook; Mazrvolo, OF» Mr. Bradshaw; Adelaide Lockroy, Mrw 1 et. M followed by the comedy of JUMBO rT. D. Rice. To conclude wi TON OF CUBA4—Josh Doolittle. ms ford, Mr. Drew; Donna lrabetla, Miss Barber. AT GASTLE GARDE and Conductor, Admiasi on, 50 oenta cust 2), will he performed the oslevrat- CLS DI LAMMERMOOK, Signora A. Bosio. Edgardo of ‘Signor Bottini. Lord Aahtor or C. Badiali Raymondo, Signor Coletti. Arturo. . sept * 1 Signor ttink, Doors open at 634. ‘Performianss to commence ab o'clock, No postponement on account of the weather. No ordors given, : HRISTY'S OPERA HOUSE, MEC 472 Broadway, above Grand during th until further notic knows Chi satile “001 “an under the management of E. P. Christy, whose concerts in this city, for a suecession of “ive years,” have been rao with favor by highly respectable and fashionable audiences, Tickets, 2b cents. Doors open at 7._and will commence at 4 ¥ ‘The patrone of Christy informed that the Saturday af tontinued for the futur: ARNUM'S AMERICAN MUSEUM.~P. T. BARD Monager and Proprictor; John G: gut Manager, Admittance, 25 cents Unparalleled success, night after nicht, Minstrels are respectfully oon concerts will be at Sovclock, a Dance, eutioas Ladde aug! ER ats, the ry hable farce, so popular now in London, THE FIRE EAT- d the comic pantomime of THE RED MONST. In ning ne 7iq auch. the i THE W. EKING BOY nd the beautiful, incompr ple magica). and original pantomimefTIE MYSTL the Martinetti Family—the most elegant, com lar production of the day. All the Curiosities to usual. ry laughable, CROSS\tby resent to the publie the first talent of Ameri jura| New pieces wi out te 4 Tifnetration. ai Pledges himself to spare no ex= peuse oF pains ‘ontinve is humble exertions for the promotica of publ LELO'S GARDE JOHN SEFTON. fy sieaewe at's o'clock Second week Of the celobrat e38, Mrs. Mowatt, whose adi able ao! heed crowds of admirers during the i appear three nights this present wook, im Schatge of character each ight, ‘Tuesday, ‘Aug. 2, Over fare by the Orchestra.” To be followed by Ihutw brated play of the LADY OF LYONS—Pauli B dtr. Foster; Clavis, Mr. Russel: ROUGHAM'SLYCEUM, BROADWAY, NEAR pm street. ress Circle ond Parguette, 50 cents; Fawi 2 rehestra Senta, Private Boxes, $5, at i? Tus ev i will nedy of ROMANCE AND REALITY—Oliver lanly, Mr. nnée; Asper Manly, Mr. Chipp-pdale; Frank Meredith, Mr Georse Jordan; Lavender Kyad, Mr. 8. Leaeh; dack Swift, Mr. Bro Rosabel, Mrs, okerre tt; Barbara y Mrs. J. G. M: Blossom, Mrs. Brougham. Favor~ ite Pas de Doux, by Mr. Fleto’er and Miss Marie Tayleures To conclude with WHAT SHALL WE DO FOR SOME- THING NEW? EW YORK AMPHITHEATRE (BOWERY).—MR. LE- vi ort rietor, will reopen the above estab- lishment vening, August 25, and will give an ime rformance, consisting of scene aote, Vaulting, acrobatic feats, ccrde vor ciara flat A bas i terestin, still vaulti KUROPEAN ADVERTISHMENTS. RAVELLERS HAND GUIDE, OR CLASSIFIED LISR of establishments in London, Liverpool, and Paris, eae fully selected and reco! ded :-— IN LIST. lah ig ne HOUSE, AND ESTATE AGENT. a ly, 2 John street, Adel z livian,’ ap ish and Uru STRELS, AT FELLOWS’ NEW MUS) his justly celebrated and efficie d performers, under the ELLOWS' MIN: eal Hall, i# one of the most spacious and best ventilated in the world. Admission, 25 cents. Doors opem at 7; concert to commence at 8 o’clock. An afternoon concert every Wednesday and Saturday, for the especial accommo- dation of families, commencing at 3 o'clock #. M. HE BLOOMER TROUPE HAVE THE HONOR TO Announce their arrival, aud that they will give their first GRAND CONCER ion, at Hall, on Monday evening 155) ‘This Troupe, composed their talents and accom direction of a celebrate have adopted the new in {Chinese Concert 1, iadies, distinguished for mente, will perform vader the P arrival, they joower Costame,” and will appear les of that besutiful rt ms from the Operas, bh, Scoteh and French Songs, ttes. In the course of the ev rq wi of the new Bloomer waltzes, polkas, &o. te M'LLE NATALIE FITZ-JAMES, Principal danseuse from the Operas of Naples, Venire, Paris de dean engagement to appear at these Wer exyaisite daacing, , in beautiful costume, mi has been erected for her appearance, and eve- ty arrangement has been made to ensure the ocomf oonvenience of the audience. Itis hoped that the Proye the most elegaut entertainments ever given orl The Troupe will make but a short stay in the city, as ar- tor rangements RIPLER HALL.—THE WONDERS COMMENCE AT 8. ‘Unparall eas. Professor Ans re made for thei provi derron, the great Wizard of the North, who during the Bass ¥ a k hes met with the most enthusisstic a has been honored with crowded, fashi jences, which is the best proof he ea : cellence of his grand Drawing-room entertainment, et Soirces Mystericuses. Professor A. will nightly introduce some of ati ce ioe rdinian, Bo! ai ae d ‘Peruvian’ Lopetiomse aE kak bea aie ATA Ts Roberson & Co., 51 Long Acre, artiste’ colors and draw~ srusif Ss COian MAKERS. ts Bingl Co, to H. R. H. Prince Albert. 133 ues ford 6 akg SSeteatte's Alkaline Tooth Pow- Hassall, John, 64 St. Paul’s Church Yard. IDLE BIT, sti ND SPUR MAKERS. = Latchford,’ Ben). to Her Majesty and Royal Family, r St. Martin : ‘AND MILLINERS. cog BES MAES AND MTL Pas ir wow Bon Jol iT, etreet. CURONOMETER, WATCH AND CLOCK MAK: . 4S Rathbone Place, Oxford Afold & Co. Frodshain, 8 Btrend, corner 8 Cecil street , 129 Regent street. Jie ane a iL. ie Hi. Grand Duke ef se ‘Moseley, John & Son, 17 and 18 New street, Covent Gas eedles, &o. ED. AND LADIES’ LINEN. on ginck ‘& Co., 12 Ludgate street, wedding orders and ladies cantit MANUFACTURERS. Lapworth, A., & Co., 22 Old Bond street; to Her Majesty d Royal ¥ x Watson, Boll & Co. to Kier Majesty, 35 and 36 Old Bone sreet. DRESSING AND TRAVELLING CASES. ax eens 49 pea 7 . om cutlery, stationery, Be. Halfhide, G., to Her Majesty aud Prince Albert, 7 Covem> Warrington, W. & Son. Biden, John & Frederick, 37 GOLDSMITHS, JEW Hunt & Koskell, et, to Hor Majesty and all the hendn of Europe and the Rass, GUN, an dg Hg D RIFLE eae righ Ho! lissett, vurer, Deane, Adoms & De 3) King Williams ‘icc Clty, te Manufacturer, 151 New Bond: ill his mystic wonders trative of th cy, demonology, and witeheral ‘rofesso: exe to im a 1 teheratt. bogs to i © Public that his elegant entortaiamont ts the a nearly all the \y and gorgeous parapher- ato “tne eombort ot h to the opening, on Monday, % | ve. patrons, renders his performance most recherche. Admis- sion, 50 cepts; Juveniies under twelve years of age, 25 conts, One’of Pireson’s grand pianos will be used. Tickets may be * at 8. C. Joliic’s, 90 Broadway, office, and at the Hall, from 9A. M. to 4 P be ordered at ten o'clock. M, 175 CHATHAM SQUARE, ONE i tre, — Oi sole ments are varied and sele other place of Female Ethi ers, beivg th band in the ancient and modern tim zo through ® vari company of je Artis ry unequalled ine. performance Jars bills of m—Seats y ts; Boxes, 2 conte; Pi RAYMOND.—THE FRIENDS ° ous of giving their influence to promcte th the proposed. testim requested to meet at the Florence Hotel, corner of Broa: ard Walker street, om this (Tuesday ) evening, the 2) At S o'clock. 3. F. BRA Secretary of Preliminary Meeting. Gro, B. DeFonesr, Chairman. MULE. Natnatte vitzsaye THE CELEBRATED . i ris and the 1, at the art sing some of her favorite airs, and dance sevoral new dano in magrificent ccatumes, made expressly for these concerts. moo fant summer cities end towns of Now Watery Hind it the principal ing, v ALTIMORE MU gentlemen eng ten, will plene th inst. Sept. 1 NB. OWENS, Manage ORAMA OF CONNECTICUT RIVER FOR SALR, Chesp—or will be exchanged for real estate, or goods; 0 & man of enterprise, it will be loaned for exhibition, upon giving 5 liberal terms. Also, to let, a large exbibic wire of STOPPAN assemble Preparatory tot 308 Broadway. AMUSEMENTS IN PHILADELPIUTA, ARNUM'S MUSEUM, PHILADELPUIA—THE MEM- bers of the company engaged at this extablishment, are above pi erday, A . preparatory BOWERS, Stage Manager. PHILADELPHIA —THR nerama of the divedson River, ion of the a SOM STREPT HAL TSAN magnifeent Paintin fibed and acromplished iom Giovani, why will end Italian, and accom decastanct. For procramme, see rice, Madame S paris’ 7 Uf with euiter ils MEDICAL. early impre Bent to any part of fidential NFORTUNATE’S FRIEND —GREAT SUCCESS !— 4.000 bottles sold, The most popular specific for private Ciesere in the world Warranted to ire ti eases cured im jebility, bronght ine for that Neher tiny till cured, RATING CORDIAL —THR one, and disordere abase. , ‘Re the mort invii be wenae known in this coun there aad tious: ae | rom be c. Avoil quacks oastrume. fevrabed remedy will restore A not pay exorbitant fees. manly vigor. Y. ¥ vigs ‘ott at ¥ill relieve you for hal $28 bottle; ‘three botth and sing! © the sum usoall to y RARS OF OVER: M ti Ror A i you man whieh Frerside, ne the Porvecusee Aavten,’ Mer ft hen ot Eek alreted te'bon Lava Now Work Foun Ofbes, {| GLOVERS gaara Hees ook RCHAN eAnKOLDERER, ‘AND ARMY ao bee! . to Her Majesty and the Royal Family, street. OVERS AND SHIRT MAKERS. & Cote enen® outitters, 175 Pleea an 3 oksopp & Co., outfitters, 6 Old Bondstevety gentlomen’s warchouse, 200 Place, Pall Mall; manefne cal elastic stockings: Oxiord street, ou fitters. ‘Thresher & Glenny, to the Queen, 1S2Strand, HOUSE AGENT. De Bee rd. Fete eet, Adelphi, agent for Pacisan@ ° jOTELS. im; iH. Cu e Hotel, for families d Berkeley atrest, Berkeley Tavera Hotel and and jouse, Covent Harrison. Conve james’ Hotel, Jorm; et; Nr. Kt SPOS aE baoesxe, 63 33 street TRONKS, AND PACKING CASES. te, J., 76 Watling strect, City, Manufacturer of Rega pirates B 4 Co., Ladies’ Riding Habit Makers, 1 Veuo street, Oxford street A STATIONEERS AND ACCOUNT BOOK MANUPAG- aterlow & Sone, 68 to 68 London, Wall. 69 Pasliament in Lane, wholesale an LINEN DRAPERS, HOSERS ANB Re) tm be a + Regen P aecow my 22 Rogens etree. Booch & Berrall, 6) and 64 Edcoware Road, SCOTCH WOOLLEN WAKFROUSEMEN. Liewellyn & Shiell,2 Old fond street, plaids, cartans, MG, TAILORS AND ARMY CLOTHIERS. Weeby & Sons, 1d Princes strect, Hanover Square. ‘ bg Bentley, 22 Great Marlborough street ret. ri A, Si New Bond streot, court dresses and ing y SS Conduit stroet, Regent etree, w Hond atree +. Tainoe wtree ts AND GABINET BASEES. ater WOOLLEN AND MANCHESTE ton, Hont & Bro Russel! & Bates, AREHOUSEMBR. ‘1 Oxford stree! . Martin's Lane, CHANDLERS. K., 14d Mieondilly, comp, candle and off LIVErPooL List CURONOMETER, WATCH AND CLOCK MAKERS. Venti seph. 3 roe Croseent, Market steest, hard & Son, 63 South Castle strest, late Pook iT, JEWELLER, AND SILVERSMITH. ‘Piiomas, to the Queen and Prince Albert, BM rt AND SHIRT MAKERS. treet, opposite (he Mercury offen, 4 Refreshment Rooms, at the Rade stroat—J, LINEN DRATERS, HOSIERS AND Vieren. SILK MERC defiery, Mi & Co, Compton Hones, Charoh street, leh rtreet, and Barnett rect, corpet hone. Gibson, T & Sons, Rw the Adelphi | Tal . Borden & Low, 17 Church street, shirtmakers, hoses, haters, eo. MANCHESTER LIaT. MERCHANTS. ¥ & Norries, (J, Potter, Mayor,) | George ily PARTS List. M Rue de Rivoll, apartments, ehipping am AGENTS. w American and three doors from JEWELLER, AN LVERSMITH. de ia Paix 26 (forworls, of the representa ing of the She Queen. his Royal Highness Prin the address of the R. ine 1844 inenes by % } colored, Ai. Litited ot the Palace, an @ Royal Highsees’ Prin: to neoure tn publishes to isicaty 96 Strand... e 2 PUBLISHED, “The United Beaten Frigate, Ste Lavrrenes fon Roo ras TE THE LONDON GUIDE POCKET HANDKERCHIBF.— become ‘This will & mont ble Sto our feionde and foreign visiters. Perhaps ove of nyances te the man of business or pl see ofthe oat repeureen 0 Ea? Fane of