The New York Herald Newspaper, July 22, 1851, Page 2

BTTBRS | huge trees, intermixed with brush. IWFRARSTING stood ten to one in favor of pursuing the only | through acres of huge LPB = , the o's parties “x hance i 2 Ci ed = oe oy Ney yay cee q U- OW Us a si Our Alabame © onal Com not that ths democrats love | we could find from the mouth of the creek; but the ‘orrespondence. Mowreomery, June 25, 1851. Politics in Alabama—The Cotton Crop, §. There is an animated and virulent party contest going on here just now between what are termed the Union “tates-right party, and the Disunion o Secession party. | think the Union States-right have it, and will triumph, by a large majori- ty, in the coming elections of the State. The peo- ple of Alabama are not prepared for secession or @isunion, as yet. They stand, generally, upon the Georgia platform; and let me tel! you that Georgia ja the Empire State of the South, and as she goes, so will all the slave-holding States south of the Potomac. ‘Ihe people here, or at least a majority of them, are willing to abide by and live up to the principles and provisions of the Compromise bills, as they were passed in the last session of Congress —**but to this extent, no more.” Any attempt to distur! those acts, or to repeal the Fugitive Slave Jaw, wil certainly be attended with disastrous con- sequen: It will light the torch of civil discord, and inevitably lead to the disruption of the Union, which | hope, through the mercy of that God who immensity of , and guides revolvin; may be averted . ’ ii. W. Hilliard, whose fame is identified » national legislation of the country, will soon commence canvassing this district, more for the pu: pose, | presume, of advancing or promoting the i» crest of hisold and valued friend, Mr. James Aberci: ibie, the present Union candidate for Con- » this distriet, than for any advantage that mig’: inure to himself. Mr. H. is now asso- ciated wo Mr. Jack Thorington, of this place, in the } actice of law. From what I have heard and read of the “ fire-eating” nominee for Congress, this district, 1 should be come in cor ith his breath, as it might prove I think, however, the “ fire y are termed here, feel quite uneasy, ispr-ed to blink the question of immediate am’ get on to a small corner of the | * Georgia 4 m.” Both parties are looking | forward to the conduct and action of South Curo- ment, with feelings of intense inte- | ul imaginations—not upon constitu- | » or the compromise acts, but affinity | from that « South Car have no idea na will secede. If she should, the necome @ “waste, howling wilder- ready, nearly ruined by her nulli- | not think she ever has enjoyed | mpathy from her sister States; me & test question—union or morrow, I am persuaded there would | within her own borders a heavy prepon- favor of the Union. But enough upon State wo « the subje«t of politics for the present. ontgouery, at this time, is one of the most flourishicg cities in the southern country. She is fertile in resources, and they are just now being in @ rapid process of developement. Mr. C. C. Orde- man, }:incipal architect and civil engineer of the place, aod a man of merit, informs me that he has ag much or more than he attend to in his line However, | will not attempt to discuss or sketeh the men ard things of Montgomery in this hurried dis- pateh The prospect: an abundant yield of everything in the agricultural way, in this section, never w i if no disaster should oceur be- ering time,” such a crop of cotton the world never saw. You may set down the yield for the next year at at least three millions. Price, 5c. per pound. As I have not selected any signature over which to write, you may deal with me in accordance with your own good [a gery In the language of our a mented hero and administrator, Gene- ral Taylor, ‘‘ 1 ask no favors, and shrink from no responsibi - Saree | Our Eoston Correspondence. Boston, July 19, 1851 Summer in Boston—Mr. Choate’s Oratwon—Mssa- husetts Politics—The Supposed Murder. § This has been a trying week to all those poor, Miserable souls who are doomed to fret out thi lives between brick walls, for the sun has dessended Bpon us after a on that might try us out like #0 much cut up whale’s flesh, and which is admira- bly calculated to give to the poet mind definite ydeas of what the old Greeks meant when they talked of the shafts of Aye he modera (ireeks talk of sonfethi Everybody—that is, about a couple « nd re‘pectable people j8 Out of town fas the springs, or lakes, sea side, in t, and all that is going on is of little inter ng that it relates only to the vulgar world. The mill that are left a home are compelled to tug and sweat, and to make their visits to rural scenes and sea-bathed shores, through that cheap medium, the ivory gate of dreams. In their waking hours they sniff the ocean breeze only through the nose of the imagination, if the imagination bas a nose; and, like the dying Falstaff, “babble o’ green fields.” ‘The oration delivered by Mr. Choate, at Cam- bridge, on Tuesday, had for its object, the wakening up of a sentiment of regard for law in the bosoms the men who are just coming upon the stage of active life (nlike some other orators, Mr. Choate took a hopeful view of the condition of the country; but, at the same time did not hesitate to point out the shoals on which it is possible our magnif- searc on cent ship of s1 may go to wreck, even in the very hour of her pride. Unlike some other orators, too, he treated the ultras of both sides—abolitionists and secessi onists— a meaning but singularly mis- guided men. T it seems ty me, is the true way Of dealing with the errors and fools of the day. We should condemn the errors, but deal as kindly by | the men as possible, in the belief that they are the victims of pastion, and not deliberate traitors. Tae South Carolinians undoubtedly think they are suf- fering from some great wrongs, and the abolitionists are madmen. Mr Choate’s address is to be pub- lished at length, | understand, and cannot fail of being extensively read, and usefully, too. Yet we must hear the gentlen te the charac- | nection with this subject, that if the democracy of 4 | on Judge Woodbury, which appeared in the first ~ | ., The workmen who ar the free soilers, but that they hate the whigs, who | vote was, ‘go ahead;” so we took Wangler on bave already Been waking on airs, as Tubs whole | board: and at ni ‘clock we found ourselves i got, and they were to return to musquito smudge,” debating pow matter of course.” There is no saying que: ‘Shall we return to Wi e's what may in a world so prone to change a+ bin?” On leas decision to Capt. 5., be ours; but, ing in the pure spirit of disinterest- admitted that he fell the causes which com- | edness, | should advise the whigs of Massachusetts | pelled him to give an affirmative voice for a not to depend for success upon the quarrels of their craw/ishatory movement. Having reached the point enemies. The democrats and free soilers were | at wi we aimed, our honors were untarnished. Again we were on board the yawl; and now came wedded last year, and the inference is a fair one , ° | the trial of patience, for clo that, eg to the good old matrimonial cus- tom, they will indulge in ne small quantity of domestic sparring; but when the whigs shall come | trees; yet, slowly and cautiously, we felt out a the a 4 in as thirdsmen, they will only get their heads | pe to mighty current of the river, and in a broken, their ears boxed, and their eyes scratched | few minutes were borne to our landing place at out for their reward—the usual fate of people who | Wangler’s. Wangler is a Swiss, and one of the interfere between man and wife. It is true that | best trout catchers in the Union. 1 will pass over, everybody should be ready to make way for the whigs; but, as the world fell from a state of grace almost six thousand years ago, it is not to be won- dered at that it should now be in a graceless con- dition. Every day adds to the chances in favor of Mr. Winthrop’s nomination. Mr. Clifford has been formally withdrawn, and some of his friends are in favor of Mr. Walley; but he has not now, what- ever he may come to have by-and-by, any chance of the nomination. The bets are twenty to one on Winthrop—indeed, it is all one side, no One ventur- ing a dime om most of the other aspirants. The Democratic State Conyention’s action onthe 20th | where a large spring of the best water gushed of August, is looked for by the whigs with far more | from a rocky Abe fc, at about noon, seven interest than it is by even the democrats. By the | fishermen, with Joe, our cook, were gathered. We way, the Post of Wednesday came out with a bold | had taken one hundred and fifty-eight fine brook leader, which amounted to declaration that the | trout—the largest measuring fourteen and sixteen coalition can’t go on. It al hae that support ofthe | inches in ene Joe had brought to the ground Fugitive Slave law is implied by the resolutions | the necessary utensils, &c., for cooking—and, with adopted by the national democratic conventions of | the aid of afew Boston crackers and our spring S30, *40, and 44. On the same morning, the Wor- | water, our trout furnished what we all deemed a cester Pal/adium, the most influential, as it is the | most excellent repast. Broad oak leaves supplied most ably conducted, of the democratic papers, | the place of dishes--the earth was our table, and came out witha leader in which the ground was | we sat down to it a (a Turgue. Wangler, who gave taken that the attempt to fasten a new test (¢¢ | out in the moraing that he would not be satisfied support Sipe Fugitive Slave law) on the democracy | with less than eighty fish, did not come in until would be @ftended with the most pernicious effects; | after we had left for another stream, ten miles be- and at the me time it is willing to stand uponthe | Jow. We learned that he brought home one hun- position occupied by its party from 1535 to the | dred and forty—all of which were preserved in ice present day, thus deducing from the resolutions of | for the passengers of the Nominee. The nun- former national covveotions, the exact reverse of | ber of trout furnished by Wangler tothe Nominee, what the Post had ingeniously drawn from them. | during the present season, amounts to about two The doctors disagree, and | shall not undertake to } thousand—all taken with his own hook. decide between them. 1 will only remark, in con- | J] find my letter getting too long, and must 4 fem o therefore postpone further notice of our excursion New England should endorse the Fugitive Slave law | for another fetter. In the meantime, 1. would without qualification, and General Seott should be } recommend to those who love to catch and eat the whig candidate for the Presidency, the old sol- | the genuine mountain trout, to try the streams dier would carry five of our States, and most proba- | which run into the Upper Mississippi, north of bly the sixth. There is not a State in New Eng: | Prairie du Chien. 1 DS. land in which a union between the whigs and the free soilers would not make the choice of Seott elec tors certain, because many thousand democrats would not vote at all if it were expressly understoo that their support of Mr. Douglas, of General Cass, or Senator Houston, or Mr. Buchanan, was to be a direct approval of the principle and the details of the Fugitive Slave law; to say nothing of the proneness of a certain portion of the demo- cratic party to vote for a military candidate, con- cerning which point the events of IN40 and of Iss will furnish some very important statistics to the intelligent enquirer. “But there would be no need of a formal union between the whigs and free soilers, to give the unbroken vote of New England to Gen. Scott, in the event of the democracy making sup- port of the Fugitive Slave law a direct test. The whigs would then have a plurality in every New England State, because they would then be en- couraged to get out every vote in this part of the country. ‘hey would leok upon the money they would be compelled to expend to obtain success, as excellently invested, as it unquestionably would be, so far as mere success should be concerned; whetaer in the long run it would prove so, would remain to be seen. rhe whig party, it is very evident, de not intend to make of the Fugitive Slave law a stum- bling block to their party in the free States, and therefore—at least in their own opinion—they will carry very many of those States, with Pennsylva- nia, by the aid of the ‘protective dodge,” and Gen. Seott’s yellow “plume of feathers,” which waved in triumph over the fields of Contreras and Cerro Gordo, and is (so say the Massachusetts whigs) destined to wave over the field on which are to le a million and a half of slaughtered democrats. The Portsmouth Gazette answers some remarks if you please, all details touching our supping, smoking and sle . ‘We arose refreshed, and taking an early break- fast, hastened our departure for the trout stream, which we reached in a walk of three miles, throug’ brush and brake, over hill and through hollow. Scattering ourselves along its banks, we com- menced our sport. hee to the ruggedness of the banks, and the wet ai boggy nature of the earth, we did not travel far; and the weather get- ting uncomfortably hot, we one by one gave in, and resorted to the rendezvous for refreshments. Our gathering place was beneath a huge oak, Our Mexican Correspondence. t Acarvico, June 23, 1851. 1 | The Route to the City of Mexico— Arrival of Steam- ers—The Returning Californians, §c. Efforts are now being made by Americans, long residents of Mexico, to establish a stage line from this point to the City of Mexico. A large number of persons travel the route with its present facili- ties, which are similar to the Isthmus; but the na- ture and formation of the country, in my estima- tion, will not admit of such a system, certainly not with the individual efforts of one or two men. There are even now very good mule accommoda- tions, but the journey is toilsome, and often dan- gerous. This morning we had three arrivals from sea— all steamers— viz., the California, Budd, from San Francisco; Columbus, Isham, do.; Northerner, Rundall, from Panama; and the Pacific, Bailey, from the same place. There are now four steamers in this little harbor; the McKim is also here. The Pacifie leaves to-night, the California to-morow, andthe Northerner the day following. Each of these vessels has a full complement of passen- ers, allof whom are now loitering and prowling th paugh the narrow and grassy lanes of the little village. ree the passengers by the California, bound to the Atlantic, is Major Hobbie, Assistant Postmas- terGeneral. The Major has been seriously ill, but through the invigorating atmosphere of some of the California valleys, he is now restored to health. ‘There is also among the number, Judges Lyons, of the Supreme Court, and Jones, of the District Court; Lieut. Jas. H. Moore, of the Mary; Capt. Hunter, of the revenue service; and Mr. 0. Con- ner, one of the proprietors of the Alta California. Mr. C. leaves the hip at this point, and travels of my letters. 1 can only say that they were based on what [ have heard five hundred democrats of New Hampshire say of the distinguished Judge Of Judge Woodbury’: talents, no one can have a higher estimate than | have ; of his experience as a publie man, it is not possible to speak woo highly; : { and his moral character is as good, 1 undertake to | through Mexico, via Vera Cruz. say, as that of any man who has been spoken of as ‘There are some seven or eight vessels in port, all, a Presidential candidate ; yet it would be very bad | or the majority, of which are colliers for the steam- policy to place such 4 man io offi may | shipcompany. There arz no American sailing ves- Bo called ‘upon to make get sels in port. ; f mph Col. Ramsey arrived here a few days since from Mexico, on business connected with the road. d on some exe tiors on Cornhill, 3 ound a. | There is # difference of opinion as to how the thin came there. All gentlemen of a my pus cast v! mind are of murder was p trated Crnernnatri, Jaly 10, 1851. he noe iillect’ | Foucault's Experiment on the Earth's Revolution— | Pogndar Incredulousness—Want of Faith in Sei- entific Facts—The Hon. Tom Corwin, etc., ete. Passing events, of a public character, in this thriving settlement on the north bank of the Ohio, have not been, for the last week, of much startling moment. The pendulum experiment of Mons. Foucault, giving a new and visible demonstration of the revolution of the earth upon its axis, was exhibited in the hall of the Ohio Mechanics’ Insti. tute, to a popular audience last week, by Professor Docke, of the Medical College of Ohio, wao gave an interesting lecture upon the subject, accompa- nied with diagrams and model illustrations of the principles involved, which gave general satisfac- as | Our Cincinnatt Correspondence. inity, have come to the con sawbones or other, burieda pauper there after nghim. At the Webster trial, a physician estified that he had hada nice and tidy little di ing place there, and the skele- | ton was probably buried by him, though it was not a skeleton then. It is understood that the Mutual | Admiration Club are to have the skeleton, which | they will, like the old Egyptians. place at the | head of their table when they feast, as a sort of memento mort, bidding them be jolly, for the time will come when not even they will have an oppor- tunity to be gay and self-cenceited. i ‘The temperance war is raging terribly in Maine, and intelligent men from that “tate assert that the business will have an important effect on its poli- ties. The good people are fairly drunk on tem- perance, and making a great y of intoxica- tion ALGoma | some | diss of some eminen nnesota Correspondence. Sr. Pavr, (Min. Ter.,) July 3, 1551 Trout Fishing—Upper Mississipn, §¢ Among the numerous readers of the Herald, doubt- les# there are some who love the “ gentle art” of good old Izaak; and many more who, of a summer season, seek, in distant and strange lands, for health, nature’s beauties, and coolair. To all such my Foucault suggest» to the consideration of mathema- ticians new principles of calculation in the science of trigonometry. fie stated that the time required | for the pendulum to make an entire revolution, in | this latitude, is thirty-eight hours. The reason for this, the Professor illustrated by suitable diagrams | and globes. The general impression is, 1 believe, | that the pendulum would certainly return to the track in which it was first caused to vibrate in Our ter of his oratory: to read is like hearing Eschines repeat Demosthenes. Inferior to Mr Rantoul as a logi Mr. Choate hae no equal | among our orator a rhetori It Ad however, be un, beside that, his rhetoric off the precious diamond The work of reform merely the the mind «on, and in a few weeks there ll be hardly a whig left, except such as | may hold places that can't be reache Phe Exe @utive wields a most trenchant blade, and hae agreeably disappointed those who supposed that would dawdle through his term without signing t death-warrants of the whig criminals—office bo ers, I mean. [dis E-xcelleney showed a ¥ notion of things, by appointing editors t having already provided for a very gvod ber of the crait. He is equally kiad toward tors. Cf e six-and-twenty coalition % tors, about third have rece meute of me and others are i L ney. There is po ld Senators (th aspirants t enatorial be brought in who can t nstance, Dr sex Senators, Tix leaves a ae nomination of f great ab d not Beard is t as if atorial y astut will t honors, and gent w do their party m t Graves, of Lowell, one of has received ax in vacancy, whi Mr. Butler, whom the fr be placed ab tlema' of no avcount. Anoth is the dropping of Mr , of Cambridge, ex-editor of the Ce acing thereon Mr ime, of the si , a promising y man,” as Mr. Webster would say, and most dashing of the free © orators ingham has the incurable vices cf age, stubborn- ness, and indocility, and did uot hesitate to tell the coalitionists in the Senate, last session, that one of their measures wae an invasion of hutnan rights In one reepect the gentleman is entitied tothe frees | consideration of the free soilers; he hates Mr. Web- ster as if he were the dev perhaps, a trifle ‘worss than he hates that it character, for, after all, hatred the devil but a sort of ab- stinct fecling—but what can be more fierce than the hatred which rn of politics, and which follows es of ite vietim like deadly gallop The free soilers of Mid- | hurried scrawl may not be unacceptable twenty-four hours, and it required much explana- tion to impress upon the minis of his audience that a to the mouth of the St. Peter's, the traveller | 1 Would not complete its revolution in less than > the mouth of the + t thirty-eight hours. He said this is owing to the no’ d four ste oats constantly plying be- la serrate a sane fey Sea fact, that the sctual track of the pendulum, being On the waters of the Upper Mississippi, or that on thereof which extends from the city of (ra- tween those two poin and among them, the upon © plane, was greater than th parent “Nom Capt “with, to which and to | ope upon the globe -over which it passes; conse- whom Iw particularly direct the attention of | quently, it required a longer time than the earth to all who sec pusements and the wonders of | complete its revolution. | do not know that I have the great } that porectly stated the proposition, nor can I say clearly comprehend the why and the wherefore | with regard to the question of time; but with res | pect to the great central fact itself, that this ex- | periment does furnish the world a new and visible lemonstration of the sphericity and of the oscillary 3 | revolution of the earth we inhabit, [ cannot con- Before stating the arrival our party at the | ceive that any one, capable of seeing and reasoning fi round, forty wiles below Luke Pepin, some | from cause to effect, can for a moment entertain & g ofthe doubt. Yet, notwithstanding such is the slowness © | and difficulty which att the introduction of new any branch I realty believe that not the balf nen in the world, who have b ent, give it any deration; and, as of mankind is to them, they ing majority, to ea. ftation of Capt. S., f gentlemen from Dubuque, furnished with the proper for catehing, and utensils for cook took passage on b the Nomi bound upward, for trout ash ad nothing elee re of me to give them an inkl etiul not € s the opiion of the great ta concerned, if the question was p would rlecide it, by an overwhe be all humbug, a* they slid, iv th tronomy, with rega ‘There are ma: matter a new ond manifert euch a degree ot they ot waste a moment time to the candid invesrtigat | But, as simple and important | may appear, iteaould receive the earnest atten tion of the scientific world. It may be that it will | eventually prove, like many other simple truths and experiments in the arte and « nature, in her magnificen oat accommodations, in a trip on | would reely be thought I > gaze upon the d and beautiful, w asting his eyes, for- bis stomach and hie palate. Ah, sit, would your Ranney had been with would have found magnifice no painter has yet attempted seen, avide from the mighty bluffs, pyramids, mounds, which border the shore, swollen bovom of the great river, pictures which can no- where else be found. Imagine dense forests of hage gray columns, shooting upright from the placid sur- tace of dark, deep water, aad crowned with arich and tem. nounee th rated moo on of the 5 hoax, close foliage, supported by b in acing limbs- art, one of a series which will and all these colum | limbs, and the foliage, ighly important and ial to conahind, e vom As you gaze tar | It was for many years that electro-magnet- cyol water grottoes, undistarbed | ism, which in ite application to the user of but by the wary duck aud her timid bro« | man, is now the great wonder of the age cannot but wish yourself a young Sioux brave, tuat | wag regarded by the scientific m of the you might lay at length in your neat canoe, and tmoke your pipe, while your equaw paddled you through the fairy-like secre. \ enice, in her palini- est days, ne'er sented more beautiful vistas for the light gonde But [ am forgetting the trout world as a mere philosophical toy, chiliren; and who is so own: pecaneh decide that th | cault, which many epeak of a bere toy, unworth; of serious consideration, may not open the done © day, as discovery of Fou. dlesex propose t voly General Wilson oa their ticket, dropping Graves and Buckingham, and | both democrats, it is understood, will also be allowed to cool their heels in the shades of unoffi- cial life. The sixth Senator ix a whig, who will make room for @ coulitionist, if that party should come ‘* right side up Among the democrats pro- | minently spoken of for nomination, are Mr. Fro. thinghem, of Charlestown, and Mr. Banks, of Wal- | p— Mecad Middlesex yoo of more than usuelimportance, it is generally supposed, as the coalition, if broken down at all, get its deata- blows in that great county. If it get through there, it will most likely manage to get off with a few scratches the other large co i may engoupter some rather “hard seratching” ii the email and alinost evenly balanced counties. At « sort of informal meeting of a number of of considerable influence in the democratic ty, a few days since, th» policy of supporting the coali- Hon wos discussed, and 14 was fvugd that the vote ‘ | Having ascended the mighty river beyond the | the discovery of some linportant invention, Inthe Lith degree of latitude, we held a council to deter selences, highly useful to man 4 im! should first * our lines; gant it ing fact—one which, fromm parti oor 7 ow ( : 4 ae countrymen, | almost blush to 1 ti at there ers grounds, belo is not, evem sow, one person in & hundred who Lake Pepin, on the east side of the river. Avcord- | seuliy b ce that there is a word of truth, in the ingly, a short hour befc with the yawl of | ciecttic raph—that communication between the “Nominee filled with @uxions fishermen and | their baggage, we left the good steamer, her boun- tiful table and comfortable berths, to try the hard- ships of trout fishing among thove stupendous bluffs and hills which had so long. on either hand, invited our ine tino Two miles above Wangler’s, Lagle Creek enters the Mississippi, and ite waters, pure and cold, ed the jewels we sought. Anxious to distant points in ourcountry is made in by meaus of wires. Make the st fact to a mixed crowd, and ten cl you will be hissed and groaned a you wanted to humbug thein. Apripos—a story is told, upon pretty good autho- | rity, that at @ political discussion, at one of the | hustings in Illinois, I believe, one of the aspirante antaneous ment of the sto one but had darkened the | | sky, and we could not see our way through the | tion. The professor stated that the discovery of joicings. whole | iences, in time | f they thought | St sundown, on any ven aay: they could hear of one our before sunset on the same day. ‘was re- ceived with a universal hiss from the crowd, and when in a few minutes afterward his opponent ad- he took oceasioa to refer man who d him Pe gry geen a we hearing of mi oe before it place ; and, demagogue- vantage of the poy ular ignorance upon the subject, and poured into his an! @ torrent of ridicule and sarcasm which made him writhe. He asked | them, in great triumph, if they could trust a man ina public office, who would thus outrage their common sense ? deafening cry in the negative rent the air for some minutes; and the scientific man, who shone he was instructing his hearers, ingleients left the field, with the hisses and groans | echoing from hill to hill. The election came on, and the man of science was defeated by a large ma- jority. ; Hon. "Phomas Corwin, Secretary of the Trea- sury, who is spending the summer months at his re- | sidence in Lebanon, in this State, thirty miles dis- | tant from here, for the parnose of recruiting his | ith, was on a short visit to this city a few fae ago, and was waited upon at the Burnet House, y many friends. His health has seaably improves | since his return to the West, and being thus relieved for a season from the drudgery of official torture, as Uncle Sam’s great bookkeeper; he is ete himself again, and can perpe tea joke with the force and humor of days of yore. It is said that his sickness was the result of his too close a lication to business, rendered necessary from the t that so many of his clerks were on the sick list, while their pay ran on. He was Seliogs the other day, of an expedient he adopted to make his clerks enjoy better health, which was eminently successful. “He established a rule, that after a cer- tain day, any one ‘ying sick over a week, he would be required either e or resign; and he says that ever since, all the aétachés of his department enjoy uninterrupted good health. Scriptor. P, Cincinnati, July 12, 1851. New Planetarium—The Schoolmaster’s Invention— The New State Constitution—How it will Work— Crops—Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton Ro road—Military Asylums—Colleges—Knowled ge— Languages—Education—Anecdote, §c., §e- There is now exhibiting, for the amusement and edification of the curious, in the Mechanics’ In stitute, a newly invented planetarium, by a gentle. man from our sister State of Kentucky, which is quite an ingenious, complicated piese of machinery, upon a large scale. It is upon a principle differen, from all other planetariums, and is so arranged as | to make all necessary astronomical calculations for almanacs, giving, with great precision, all eclipses of the sun and moon for any number of years in advance, transits and conjunctions of the inferior planets, &c. Therefore, planetariums have never been of much practical utility, otherwise than in giving a joint idea of astronomy to the young; and what the fate of this may be is for time to deter- mine. Sir John Herschel oupears to have a poor opinion of them, with respect to their uses in teach- ing astronomy. the magnitudes and distances of the planets,” he says, “ by drawing circles on paper, or, still worse, from those very childish toys called orreries, it is out of the question.” This orrery or planetarium, however, aims to be of practical utility to the astronomer himself, in proving his own calcula- tions, observations, and deductions; and, if it pos. sosses these qualifications, it ought to be received with favor by men of science. Professor Mitchell, of the Mount Adams Obser- vatory, was examining it to day, and from the few remarks he made, ! concluded that he thinks rather favorably of it. Anything which can be invented, by means of which the sublime science of the stormy heavens can be most easily impressed upon the young mind, is worthy of pablic attention in this age of progress and educational advancement. Apropos. \ou have heard, perhaps, of the pla- netarium invented by an ingenious schoolmaster, which consisted of the girls and boys of his school. The largest and laziest boy, for instance, was made to take a position inthe centre of the room to represent the sun, round whom was marked, upon the floor, the orbits of the different planets. A small red headed boy was made to re- present Mars, while a bright-eyed girl, a little lar- ger, represented Venus; another boythat of Mercury, another that of Earth, &c., and each was placed in his gerd orbit. When all was ready, the master would give all the boys and girls a lick ahead, andthe whole planetarium was in motion, giving the scholars a tolerably good idea of the solar sys- tem, thus combii smusement with the study of an intricate and difficult science. ‘The proclamation of Governor Wood, announ- cing that the new constitution has been adopted by a majority of the voters of the State, and that it | will go into effect on the first of September next, | has been publi The majority is not near as large as was anticipated by its friends, being only 16,000 in a popular vote of 235,000. The conser- vative sentiment of the State, being satisfied with the prosperity which we have enjoyed under the old constitution, generally gave its vote in the ne- gative. The new instrument, however, in the opin- ion of the progressive sentiment, is a great advance in the science of democratic government, making | alljcwer emanate more directly from the popular | voice, dispensing almost wreantne & with the appoint- ing power, which, in its general operation, is one remove from the control of the people. Some of the provisions of our new charter are unquestiona- | bly experiments in human government, and time | | alone will test their wisdom and expediency. One | important advantage gained in the adoption of this constitution, is the success of the clause which forever forbids the Legislature to license the sale of intoxicating liquors. This is hailed as a mighty step inthe onward progress of moral reform, and preparations are makiog throughout the State to celebrate this great victory over the demon intem- perance, with appropriate demonstrations and re- There are now only two dangerous and hazardous enterprises hereafter to be licensed in this State—marriage and the sale of gun- powder! One provision of the new sonstitu- tion is important—that which establishes biennial meetings of the Logislature. By this provision, the people will not be wang to b thened with so many laws; and every law, i a good one, will necessarily have to remain unre- pealed at least two years. the best which governs the least,” is a remark at- tributed to Napoleon; and the framers of our new constitution appear to have bad in view the wisdom of the remark. The whig party, though, as a gen- eral thing, oppored to it, are first in making prepa- rations to get the new machinery in operation. ey have already made their nominations for State officers under it, and their selections include the best talent of the party in the State. Mr. Vinton, an old member of Congress, a man of ability and prominence, will receive the full strength of the party for the office of Governor; and their nominces for the supreme bench are gentlemen of the highest legal attainments, and eminently qua- lified to fill that important judicial station. A word or two with regard to the crops of the State. Mr. Mansfield, formerly editor of the Chronicle of this city, is now on a tour through the Northern part of our S:ate, and he writes that, | from his observation, the wheat crop will be ge- nerally good, but that the prospect for fruit is rather | unflattering. In this neighborhood, however, the prospect is yuite promising for a pretty good yield of fruit. The cropcroakers, a species of destruc- tive biped which infest this city gether with the frost, have not been able to destro: | all the fruit, and there 1* no doubt but we shall have an abundance. The friends of the Cincinnati, Hamilton and | Dayton Railroad, will rejoice to learn that the road | if now nearly completed, at least as far as Hawil- | ton, and that the care are to be placed on it in a | fow weeks. The President and Directors of this rood bave had an immense labor to accomplivh, not | in making the road ‘ell particularly, but in pro- curing the right of way. Perhaps no road ever was | constructed, in which so much difficulty had to be | Surmounted in settling the questions of the right of | Way. In one instance, they were threatened with assassination, and other terrible visitations, in this | | world and in the next, without the beneat of clergy, | if they attempted to construct the road through | one man’s farm. The man was arrested and bound over to keep the peace. The directors certainly | deserve great credit for their indomitable perse- | verane Int ligerce was received here, last evenin, | Mr. Disney, member of Congress from this riet, now at Warhington, that the Hourd of Commis sioners appointed by the just Congress to select sites for military asylums, had decided to loeate one at Cincinnati. his ix gratifying evidence that the growing importance ot this city, in a national point of view, is beginning to be properly appreciated. The commencement exercises in the different eol- academies, seminaries, and common schools city, of which there is quite a respectable number—as great, perbape, as that of any other community of equal population in the Union—were the chief objects of interest and attraction duri the part week. Among them may be mentioned, the Wesleyan Female inary, conducted by the Kev. Mr. Wilber and lady, containing 451 stu- | from all parts of this State aa ining The exe’ 8 attending thie institution | were of the most pleasing eharacter. Female edu- cation, in this city, receives from all that fostering | care and encouragement which its great importance demands. [m this deservedly popular institution, “As to getting correct notions of “That government is | spring, to- | other in the city. The exercises, last ning, were diversiged with made in Latin, Gree! Hebrew, Spanish, I , German, French, and fow in oar own pouch a pores, pomemase lan » led 1 ¥ ay time we an American have so much improved the Eng! was when first imported, that we might fairly lay claim to itas our own.} The speech in Lati: great joy and sati tothe audience. Every ene present appreciated and understood it—that is, they perfectly understood that it was Latin. By a little stretch of the ii ion, I carried m; back to the days of ancient Rome, and fancied I was listening to the speech of Mark Antony over the dead body of Cuwsar. This veneration for dead lan, part and parcel of that superstitious ration of ancient relics, which peculiarly dis- tinguish the Catholic Church. The virtuo of a thing, with them, seems to consist alone in its antiquity. This sentiment is far from being cha- racteristic of the American feeling. "There is no wisdom in depreciating the present by a blind and superstitious veneration for the past. It is a senti- ment salegonisnis to progress. We value a thing alone for its intrinsic worth, use, and present adap-\ tation. ‘This train of Wongat suggests the ques- tion, what is education in its American sense and in its common sense? Is lang education? Not at all; fora man may bo a universal linguist, one who would have been a suitable interpreter at the tower of Babel, and yet be a very ienaroms man as far as actual knowledge is concerned; for knowledge is nothing else than stings known in nature—de- monstrated truths in the different sciences. If a man knows a fact, and can express it in a thousand languages, he really knows no more than another who Snore the “the tard aut can sapees it oS but one uage. erefore, language is not know- ledge, eh Only a vehicle, a i Set through which it may be conveyed to the mind, and as there is not a fact which may not be learned in English, the study of the dead languages is a dead loss of time to the scholar in pursuit of real knowlege. Education is a subject which is more #horongtly discussed in this country than any other, and chere appears to be as much error and contusion in the public mind with regard to the best mode of im- parting it to the young as there ever was. There is a kind of hot-bed process of forcing education to grow where there is no adaptation of soil, intellec- tually speaking, which is quite detrimental to the healthy advancement and improvement of the mind. A prevailing idea with some is, that all ceildren can be educated alike as easily as dressed alike, which is erroneous. Assuming that all capa- cities are similar, they conclude that if the same degree of force is applied in all cases, all will re- ceive the same amount and Gearte of knowledge. Apropos.—An anecdote is told of a gentleman of wealth who, having a daughter rather mentally cabieiae, sees her to a lady to be educated in the accomplishments, for which no expense should be Hig on his part. ‘he lady gave the daughter all the attention she could for a year or two, but she did not appear to advance in’ the same ratio with her fellow students, and the father complained. ‘The teacher zaptleg, that she had done all she could to educate his daughter, but as she wanted capaci- ty it was impossible that she could advance with the rest. ‘* Well,” says the father, ‘‘I want my daughter educated bral means,and hae will please teach her capacity then—give her all the capacit; she wants, and | will pay any price.” It is need- less to say, that the lady assured him that that formed no part in the system of education she taught. Scrivror. Our London Correspondence. Lonpon, July 4, 1851. A Corrupt Church—Sale of Souls, Wholesale, by Auction, in England—A Great Sale Proposed by the Church of England to Raise Money—Tiese Facts are of Record—Llections—Cardinal Wise- man—The Jew Bill, §:c. While the Jew bill was yet pending in the House, (it passed the Commons last night,) uncertain in its fate, and especially doubtful whether it will pass the Lords and Bishops, another Jew has been elect- ed to Parliament for the borough of Greenwich. The influence of the government in Greenwich is very great, and had not the adherents of the Mi- nistry there, voted specially for Mr. Solomons, he could hardly haye been elected. The Jew bill is a Ministerial measure, and it is expected that this election will tell in the House of Lords and Wishops, as an incontestible demonstration of public opinion. Mr. Solomons has pledged himself to take his seat, and not suffer himself (o be treated as Mr. Roths- child has been. A committee of the House of Commons has been sitt ng for some time, taking evidence on the sub- ject of mortmair—that is, on bequests made hy moi brend people to any priests or church, of any name— and on the amoun! of property by this means pre- | vented trom distribntion ond swallowed up by church corporations of all kinds. It is a highly important inquiry. Religious corporations in i.ug- land hold more property than they are willing the public should know. Cardinal Wiseman, awong others, was politely ri ed to attend before the committee, and give his evidence, aa far as he was concerned. The Car tinal sent his solicitor instead, alleging some excuse; but the solicitor refused to answer in many important particulars, alleging he would be violating professional confidence. In con- sequence of this, the Cardinal has been perempto- rily summoned, and will be obliged to attend and answer. A committee of Parliament is all ful—the highest in the land must bow to it. was a Parliamentary committee which dethroned Charles I. Tux Fourth of July is being celebrated in an Ye manner by the numerous Americans in At Vauxhall, there will be a splendid n honor of the occasion But the grand affair es off at Willis’s Rooms, the great resort of jon, at the West End. There is to be a concert, myer under the presidency of our am- | bassador is lady. The American Minister is | deservedly popular here, among all partiesof Ame- ricaps, by his courteous and obliging behavior. America, in the person of her Ambassador, has never shone so great as now before the British | ecurt and public. I have been invited to attend, but, unfortunately, from severe indisposition, shall not be able to go. The weather, which was into- lerally hot,has suddenly become as cold as a Cana- dian winter, and it has nearly killed me. ou will see the interesting account of the meet- | ing on the copyright question; time and space will | not allow me to give you any particulars. It is hardly credibie, yet it is the fact, that the | shameless Bishops of the Church of England have put forth a claim on Parliament, and culled for the | i i ished churches, call the “ spiritual ix hundred more esi ongthe pretence of what the: destitution of the people !* ey do’ thir for the erection of more churches-~whi churches they already have are half deserted, in many parts of the country, falling to ¢ They do this, while universal contempt and dis- gust frowns = these arrogant and presumptuous | — for their oppression, their cupidity, their | uxwrious pride and indolence, for their disputes | and wranglings among themselves, and with the in- | ferior clergy. They call for six hundred more churches, and for two millions sterling te erect | them, while the people stay from shut-up | temples, and desert them in disgust. Sir B. Hall, | the member for Marylebone, cpened boldly to view the corruptions ot this moral ulcer, on the | night of the 2d instant, in Parliament. It has been shown that out of about four millions of annual reve- nue in the hands of this church, the pr ley end proud drones, who do nothing, . Juaugiourly, pecket all but about £249,000, t 1 pittancer of 5, 70, or 100 po: }car, to the lower and working clergy—t! | Jowneymen, whom they hire to do the work fur | them, and whom they grind down to tke lo weet | Wages, with more severity then the most cruel ex- tortioners. Many persons have accused Pope Pio Nono of #b ightednese and want of sound judg mcrt and discretion, in throwing, as he did, at the tine be did, th pple of ecclesiastical discord | into the realm of He showed his dix cretion—he showed a keen perception—he chose the | fit and proper time—the time when pride should be humbled, and insolence, audacity, blindness, arro gence and pride should receive a check a | perth towards the downward declivity of earned destruction. He will deserve the praise | | of posterity for this act; and when all his faults are | forgotten, this one act, this kick upon the unmen- | tiovable part of fat and luxurious prelates, guilty of } ionable corruptnes and idle uselossness, will | be forever remembered to his praive. [all they | must; the system of cupidity, meanness, and injus tice, of robbery and extortions, must crumble to | pieces. Rottenness cannot stand upright. It only | ee the concentration of the public mind upon | this speck of pollution—it only requires the public | to lift up ite voice, to fix its scornful gaze upon the | monster, and he will shrink, appalled with shame | and confusion, from the scrutinizing eye of an indig- nant rer. Talk of slavery in America! The or and famished curates of the Church of Eng- jand, in England, are more servile, more debased, | and more eufler than the poorest e in | America; and the high churchmen—the men who feed them scantily out of the millions they devote | to pomp and pride—are more harsh and ‘cruel to | then n the most cruel of negro drivers. The system of the Church o gland is curious. The king creates the bishops, with millions of reve- | nue attached to their office, and the nobility and aristocracy give the livings. Then these nobles | and eprig® of nobility and branches of the aristo- © << oe a tem of mercenary oc of property and wealth athered originally and intended Tor the poor an stitute, and now perverted to the pensioning and support of a proud srishomsaer. and 8 d So base, mean, and vile is 1] stom, that these pensions—livings, as they are called—this church roperty, or tions of it—the privilege of receiv~ ie a large income from church revenue—is ac- tually, as a common thing, put up to auction and sold ‘in the shambles; and anybody—a Turk, an atheist, a dog even—may buy this rich fat living— the cure of souls—if he has money enough to out- bid the other bidders. Thus they sell souls by wholesale in England, selling whole parishes at once, to any bidder, by the auctioneers hammer. lany persons in Ameriva will hardly believe all this; they will think it is political scandal! and party exaggeratiou. But so unblushingly i3 the thin, done, so true it is, tha! the bishops themselves, an the high churchmen in Parliament, Me ES osed, by the mouth of the Marquis of Blandford, i a solemn address to the Queen, to put up to pub- lic sale three hundred livings, or advowsons, belong~ 10g the Lord Chancellor, in order to raise ong million of money to aid in the erection of six hun~ dred new churches! ‘Thus the cure of souls—whola masses and populations of souls—throughoxt Eng- land, are offered for sale by auction, by the bishops. and prelates, and Church of England generally, in order to build certain useless showy buildings. This is afacton record. Vide the debates in Parlia- ment of July 1, 1851. Crime and corruption can hardly go beyond this. Yet, in England, the churchmen would actually laugh a man to scorm who should take any notice of this, or think it wrong. So hardened iscrime. In the same Parlia- ment, on the self-same night, the pious Sir R. Inglis defended the luxury, pride, and wholesale robbery by the high prelates and church dignitaries, against the speeches of Mr. Hume and Sir B. Hall, by saying at the revenues and unwieldy incomes these men appropriated were their “ vested rights”—that is to say, in other words, that long custom and habitude have, by mere duration of time, converted evil into good, and turned wrong into a right. This is the common way of viewing the subject in England. ‘The English, as a nation, are a8 wise and sensi- ble as other nations. Yet, in this master, they have lost the perception and distinction of right and wrong, Ww. THE HAWAIIAN KINGDOM. The Formal Opening of Parilament,—Tho King’s Speech. [From the Polynesian, May 10.) In conformity with the official announcement con- tained in our last, the formal opening of Parlia- ment took place on Tuesday last, at the large stono church in this city, and the event was as auspi~ cious as could be desired. The fine showers of t! revious day had tempered the atmosphere and hia the dust, while the sun shone out with life-giv~ ing cheerfulness upon the assembled multitudes who did honor to the occasion. The church was filled with an immense concourse of spoceatete representing almost every nation upon the globe, and {Sean an appearance at once unique and highly gratifying. The diplomatic and consular corps were fully in attendance, to whom the benches on the right were appropriated. On the left, the uniforms of Capt. Wellesley and his offeers were interspersed with the By decorations of the ladies, and the staid attire of sober citizens.—The House of Nobles occupied the benches on the right and the Representatives on the left of His Majesty, whose throne was upon an elevated platform, in full view of the whole assemblage. At a quarter to twelve the guard of foot soldiers arrived, and took up their position on each side of the walk leading from the west gate to the church, with the Band in attendance. At five minutes to twelve, the first ey from the battery on Punch Bowl announced the departure of His Majesty from the Palace, pag shone at twelve, attended by the Queen, the Princes and his ministers, His Maj esty reached the church, where the entire audience rose to honor his approach, the band playing at the ee time the national anthem, “God Save the ing.”” ‘The Throne of Divine Grace was invoked by the Rev. E. W. Clark, the chaplain of the lower house, who sought for the king, the legislators, and the entire nation, that illumination and guidance which alone can sustain, elevate, and per- pee the people and the institutions of this kingdom. As soon as the audience was seated, His Majest; addressed the two Houses of Parliament as fol- lowe:— Nopies ano R SENTATIVES— pu together t> deliberate on alt the good of my kingdom and of my people. 2 sli ‘the questions with France, relating to which I desjatched my Miuicter of Finance as Plevipovea tary Laxtraordinary to that government, were not settled in Paris, as 1 bad expected. Bat the French named @ couunissioner of their own to That govermmer Inquire into and settie such questions here. ble result has not been fu'ly attained; tion of the 25th of March was agreed to; the Com- missioner of France has applied to his government for fresh instructions; diplomatic relations have not been fully restored. But having, on my Batt, re- ferred certain claims for indemnity to tae President of the French Republic, | hope that he, meeting me in a corresponding spirit, will issue such instruc- tions asto putan end to an attitude of hostilit: towards my kingdom, taken by France, whioh have ever regretted, and have never sought, in any way, to retaliate. [am not conscious of aay act of wy government, of which France has any reason to complain. No interruption has occurred to my very frien ily relations with (ireat Britain, since your last sea sion. With the United States, also, my relations coa- tinue of the most friendly kind. The treaty nego- tiated in Washington on the 20th December, ISi4, was ratified by me on the 1h of August, 1850, ‘The treaty of the Sth of January, 1845, with the Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg, which was trans mitted with my ratification, was ratified by the fruieent (Burgomaster) on the 27th of Decomber, With all other States my relations are friendly. | have ordered my Ministers to lay before youthe apnual reports of the departments over which 1 have placed them. Isubmit to your consideration the question of the reduction of the duty on tpirituous liquors to two and a half dollars, as ® maximum, per gallon, a a measure of political economy, which the chau. ber of commerce, of my capital, have strongly ré- :. | commended _ltis a ged my wish, that by careful investiga- tion, and sideration of fi lace your- welver ina i Fy between , under the pro- tection of the constitution and the laws, does not still require something for its perfect application. The resolutions passed in December, Tho, grant- ing to my subjects engaged in the cultivation of the soil allodial titles to the portions they oceu- pied, confirmed by the act of the tth of August last, wud the act of the 10th of July, 1850, allowing to aliens to acquire and convey lands fee simple, have promoted the prosperity and industry of my people, and of the many industrious foreigners who ive among them. You will consider what further cpactment: mes be required, te give fall effect to thore beveficial law ‘Lhe markets of California, Oregon, Vancoaveré Island, the poesestions of the Russian American Company, and of Kamechatka, afford a profitable outlet for more than my Islands can produce. It is desirable to increase productions to the greatest possible extent, and with that view to encourage foreign eapital and labor. With that view you — what further legislation may be re wired. : he want of good roads and bridges to those ports where produce can be shipped, is severely felt im many pla It will be for you to consider what can be done to remedy that want, and whether the act subdividing the districts into townships may not be improved, so as that the inhabitants of dis- tricts and townships may carry out their own ims PT Lave trey tly called ave juently called your attention to the un- pose ga state of the mths th ho at ay ands. An immediate and thorough retorm is ur- gently wanted, ¢o as to combine the principle of re~ orming criminals with that of their secure de- tention ba bal of shi eater wharfage, and facilities of pilotage, bh. | ns severely felt. It will be for you to Sander what improvements ought to be made in those re ¢ public health is one of the object. worthy of your consideration. Cholera, that nourge of humanity, bas only recently ceased its ravages in the port with which we have most frequent and the epeediest communication. ‘The histury of that epidemic proves that it recurs intervals, and olten taker years before it leaps from one place to another. It would be wise for us to those tanitary regulations which universal experience hos recommended, before it appears among us. All places that have neglected them have # ulfered for their supinencss The report of the Minister of Finance will show ing, the want of for ofiice, an intelligent and eloquent speaker, | the useful with the ornamental accomplishments | cacy. being made pi s at the revenue of the kinj Fe ground where we were to enact our pi during the delivery fe long and able Speneh toa | are combined in happy and proper Pe portions. one, beste thei? ater’ pan thinade | dequate to all the wants ats, we decided ty row the yawl to the me large meeting of citizens, took occasion ty speak of | The St. Xavier Coltege, a Jesuit institution of | owned by the church, aleo gatherings tenth of ai) | 8d leaves a surplus for works i heme 4 creek, pitch qur tent, and cneamp for t I; | the onward, progress of science in our day avd ge | learning, is conducted by an able faculty of pro- | the sgrieultural produce of the those fow | Ment. Flt will be for you, in view of the estimates, ut ore ne found the creek, Wangler (who was ab- | neration, and recurred to the electric telegraph arn | fersors, and sontairs © large number of students, | poble priests, thus enriebed provided | 1° Yote what supplies are required for the current sont when we landed at his cabin) overtook we | sj Pe achievement of seienve. Ho stated the | In this institution, more attention is paid to teach- | for (end made priests only in order to bo well pro. | 3°» 8d to consider what suggestions for the im- While we mere forcing our watery ‘winding way” | F66 ifat'by menus of the telegraph 9 hemag | © gthe lapguoget, both dead and living, than ia | yjucd for)—theve mon, honored with wealth hud | les aoy erent ee each ee 0B, AY oonduce (o the geuerel Weliasy. }