The New York Herald Newspaper, July 18, 1851, Page 2

It must be said ti first city, during the reign | AFFAIRS IN EUROPE. of King Rene of & in 140k, fanmgusnted a arr} [ DBSPATCHDES. go of the Mt thot mt i. ty “i goddesses e O10) 0 oun FRENCH a * | procession of the Ron 9 poe peers away by the THE ENGLISH NAVIGATION LAWS, &o.,&o., &o. Our Paris Correspondence. Pants, July &, 1852, Louis Napoleon at Portiers— Rumor of the Prose dent's Resignation—The Military Reviewos— Tne Bomapartists—Petuions for a Revision of the Con stetucion— Priedmont— Commercial Convention with Pronce—Germany—American Insult at Lisbon to a French Ship, $c. ‘The most important and the newest erent of the ‘week is the trip of the President to Poitiers, where the section of the railway line comprised between ‘Tours and that city was opened on Tuesday last. ‘Ube details of that affair were leoked for with seeves of were also introduced in that ceremony, which used to take place dari to Sunday, and, also, on As a matter of course, the celebration of this mus- querade attracted an immense quantity of strangers to the city, and this was very profitable t> the citi- zens. x 1823, when, for the last time, (and | remember it very well, thou, fave things with sacred, her wishes, the ‘Jeux of abandoned. But this last winter, a from the city of Aix, Mr. Fenouidhol conceived the idea of renewing the masquerade, with the intention to make it a benevolent act for presse, this being the image and emblem of | anism. Many triumph of religion over pa New Testament Ancient and the two days previous tre Ralowing Monday. These “plays” have not taken place since T was ouly nine years old,) they were exhibited before the Dutchess of Angouléme, daughter of tbe unfortunate Queen, Marie Antoi- nette. leis reported that this princess, who was very pious, did not like much the mixture or pro- = ag compliance with Fete Dieu” were | wuuch anxiety by potiticians, who desired to know if | the poor. With the pelp.ak all the inhabitants of the President would make @ speech as queer and shacitsy, ie Legere in the most brilliant aggressive as that he made a menth ago at Dijon. | Shi, ori Beoveini® be oe es Fortunately for France, Louis Napoleon was either better advised or wiser than on the previous occa- sion. ‘The particulars will be copied, I presume, from the newspepers; bui | will report the opinions of the politicians on the language of the President. ‘The speech wes delivered inside of that celebrated City Hall, which was built in the year 1395, by the brother of King Charles V., John, Duke of Berry; and where Joan of Are, in 1429, gave the King of France the power to be sacred at Rheims. As a whole, the speech is good, and it would have | deen desirable that Louis Napoleon should have uttered the same words at Dijon. The world will ppreciste them, for they are safe, mederate, and ovciliatery I like to be just on all occasions, and | way say that the Mayor of Poitiers showed cour- | ge and patriotism, as well as Louis Napoleon. It bas been whispered, in some quarters, that the | President bas the intention to retire inte private ife, and to send his resignation to the Legislative Assembly. Though nobody thought this news true, t has had some influence upon the funds. But this cload was gone with the news received from Poitiers and still more, Louis Nayoleon returned last nigh? to Paris, where he arrived at about seven o’clock. It is also certain that we shall soon have, at the Elysée, a series of fetes, to be given weekly, on Thursdays, and to which will be invited all the strangers of rank in Pa! ‘This, it seems to me, does not look like the project of a statesman on the eve of retiring from public to private life 1 cannot pass in silence the two laet reviews which took piace, the first in Paris, the second in Versailles. Both have been the cause of much bubbab in the city, not only about the inutility of their occurrence, but also for the unconstitutional shouts which were uttered during these military displays. /bilst I was writing my last letter, and sealing its envelope, the unfortunate soldiers who had been present at the review, were retiring to the barracks, after a walk of thirteen miles—which they had made under a burning sun Along the Boulevards and the streets, on their passage, more than three hua- dred of these poor fellows were falling on the ground, half dead, aid unable to proceed any farther. 1 must here proclaim, with much pride, that all the citizens who saw the fact went to the rescue of their countrymen, took them into their houses, gave them refreshment, and many were sent home in paid for carriages; whilst, in several instances, the drivers refused to receive any pay, to carry the soldiers to their headquarters. At Satory, the review, which was to take place during the day time, was passed early ia the morn- ing, and this change disuppointed many persons who bad come to Versailles expressly to be present at the grand afl The members of the Society of the 10th of December did not fail to make a show of their patriotisem; and it is true that one of them rushed in front of the horse of Louis Napoleon and uttered these wi — * Vive Napoleon 1., Emperor of France!” I may say that this enthusiastic Kunapartist was arrested by the police; but, be assure 4, that he will not remain a long time in the cells of the Conciergerie, for he has pot committed a erime considered worthy of being puns! A r enough to be mentioned, last, at the National Assem. ing the discursion of the law on the Stud of d Am ward, and report built, for bis private pleasur ground of the Stud, which contained the most ele- gant groves, soft lawos, rare flowers, and a sort of menagerie of game of all sort. The object of this report was to create some scandal, but it failed, and the law was voted without much difficulty, for it was raid that ‘‘this” was a private matter, which was pobody’s business The reading ofthe petitions in favor of the revi sien of the constitution offers much interest, as the port de vue of piquancy; for out of one hundred names on these petitions, ninety-five are wi with crosses, or rather the marks, of the indiv Thir caused well known socialist priest, who, eco ding to some reports, called upon the Kev Father \ entura, one ot the most eloquent preachers of Europe, in order to confess his faults, and to de | Testored into the bosom of the church, has written | an answer in the papers, in which he denies having taken any s'ep ofthe kind From Piedmont we learn—from a despatch writ ten by the French ambassador, dated Ju , to the Minister of Foreign Affairs—that the commer- | cial convention between France and that country had been adopted, by a vote of S910 31. During | the debate which preceded the vote, teveral mem- | bers of the Assembly were remarked he vio- lence with which they expressed themwelves against the French government. This was no: only in bad taste, but also very unjust It is believed ia informe that Diet of Germany will adopt ion, b: the different governn # will be authe ebange such of the me ns made in th spective constitutions since IMM, as may not be in harmony with the federal compact It is also said chat Austria in Germanic Liet to send a divisi into Italy ‘The newspapers of Vienna aanounse ¢ Austrian army is about to underg: ble reduction, in order to lessen the budget State } In Hungary, at Exlan, of General Kossuth, was di About forty persons err , and sent Perth ; but it is said that about three hundred per- tons of rank are much compromised inthe afair A depit of gane and ammunition was found out, at Chemnitz Much anxiety hae been felt, in Lisbon, about the Tesult of a gratuitous offence given by aa American man-of war to a French ship of the squwiron now at anchor in the river Tagus. It appears that the commander of the American ship did not answer the salute of the French, he though: that his yvered on the 2)ch 4 to | | term: ta Fraace i of toe alfa ¥ appointed Minister of ereburg, arrived in Paris on Sunday last, on his way to lussia. BH R Gossir OF PARIS Panis, Jaly 3, 1551 The Weather and Vegetatiom—ta Fite Diea— Few tival at Marsvilles—The Lille Fostival—Miluawy Display at Vincennes — Perwrian Bark— Vill Saltpare Explote ?—Curims Colony of Bees— Daguwerreotype of the Moon—Theatrival— Human Flights in the Air—Laborde—Barnum's Agent and Bocarméi—Lola Montes— Americans in Paris, oe Ge ‘The beat has really been extreme, for the last five days, in Paris. The thermometer of Cheva. lies, which is the regulator of the capital, marked on Monday last, 21 degs. 8 10ths in the morning, BO degs. 5-1the twelve o'clock, and 32 degs. at two o'o Many sun strokes occurred in the streets and public places, and I am told, by a | doctor, whore patients are numerous, that mach | dysentery is now prevailing among the inhabitants. Fortunately, we have been visited by a permanent rain for the last two days, and, though the air ia sultry, and the weather heavy, the evenings are not #0 warm. Crops, fruits, and harvest of all kinds, are | now improving. ur rivers were also so dry that | much fear was ontertained, at the end of the summer, for the health of the country; but now the | rain bas filled our wells and augmented our springs, | and we may defy any drough: for a long time Many fetes bave taken place in France, on the occasion of the festival of the Holy Sacrament, | out in Catholic Church, La Fite Aix and Marseilles, the two | See towne of the it of the Boucher lu Rhone, have been ished, among all the | others, for the celebratic m of sheir religious display at Castillon, which ended the fi } most elegantly | M ceeded. | posala to ith much érlat. The journal 1? Mustration coutains a very accurate description of the festival, as well as of that of Marseilles, and both are illustrated with very flac engrav' 3. Mee, la €" at pageant, anda buge » Tepresenting St. John the Baptist. These old habits of a former epoch are not to be censured, for they are the specimen of the naiveté of our fore- fathers, aud also the preef of the taste that our ancestors hud for theatrical entertainments. At Lille, a mammoth festival took place on Sun- day last, which was attended by an nmmense num- ber of strangers. The oret was composed of 100 muricians, end the chorusu: 500 singers—balf ladies, bulf gentlemen. A ball was also given on ‘Puesday last, which wasa very brilliant affair. A hall had been bailt ter th wrned a ttended th es, the silver statue of * Our Lady of was promenaded in the streets with up. Five thoasand perso: party, which began at eight o'clock, and only ended at half past five in | the morning A very brilliant display of military tactics took place on Tuesday last, at Vincennes, during witich the experiment of the Built Jewtsme, (a uewly in- vented bali with a steel peint,) ved very sue cessful. Nine cuirasses were ee with these terrible projectiles, and none failed to enter the iron and pass thioagh it. The Minister of War, who Was present, distributed the récompenses to all the bodies of artillery, and to the regiments of Chas- seurs or Tirailleurs of Vincennes. These rewards consisted of magnificent swords, pistols, and guns, which bad ep who bad merited them. A gold thousand francs in value, Was offe of anagnifivent pistols, to the officer who won the first premium 5 A large number of quinquina (Peruvian bark) just been imported iato France from De ) sent by the missionaries established in that country. TLey are to be planted in Algiers, and cultivated there in order to propagate the medal, of about a tr bark, which is so precious in Europe aad allover | the world. Jt is well known tbat the first introduc tion of that remedy was made by the Countess De Chinecop, who was the wife of the Viceroy of Lima, in the year 148, and this precious tree becoming rare, it must be regenerated for the welfare of man- kind. “+ Will saltpetre explode ?” This question, which created such an excitement in New \ork after the terrible file of 1845, has been, ! think, solved in the affirmative, at Bordeaux, during the last week. A schooner, Which was loaded with saltpetre, having taking fire, was immediately carried into the middle of the river Gironde, and a short time after blew | up andinto pieces "The fire was communicated to the burning matter by a spark from the pipe of one of the sailors. A very cusious natural phenomenon was observed on Saturday last, in the street, where a gentle- man, who carried a red umbrella, was instanta- neously cevered by warm of about 25 to 30,000 bees. Never has such a sight taken place. The whole body of the gentleman was covered with these “industrious” creatures, and, fortunately for him, he did not make any movement until some persons brought on the spot a large brass pot. They rallied upon it, and having presented to the insects | large boxes, they all entered, and thus were car- ried away to the country house of the gentleman, who had the narrow escape of being stung to death by the poisoned trunks of the bury colony. At the sitting ofthe Academy of Sciences, held at the (rrand Ivstitute of France, on Saturday last, a daguerreotype of the moon, made by Mr. Bond, son ot the celebrated astrovomer of Cambridge, ( Mas- achusetts) was presented to the audienge. The author of that curious :pecimen was present, and it Was much regretted that he was not requested to explain how be had obtained such a marvellous picture. Mr. Bond was much complimented for bis remarkable skill. The week bas been quite animated in the theatri- eal line. We have had entertainments of all kinds, which have all been very successful. First, | wili mention the re-opening of the theatre Des Variétes, now under the management of Mr. Carpier, a gen dleman of high merit, who understands well his dif ficult task. Three new plays were offered for the oy M.Gusion de Mouthean, an excelleat revi ppropriated to the circumstance, which is y * much wit; it was performed by all the best members of the company. The « is a vaudeville entitled La Ferme de Primrose,” being an imitation of the Vicar of Wakefield, and composed by Messrs. Cormon and Dutertro Mile. Raye, a beautiful woman, plays the principal part with much ability, Last, not the least, we hada farce named * Meuble,” (with and without furniture,) which is written by Messrs. Granger and Dupenly, and created much laughter, be language funny and very exciting At the Gymu acomedy, in three w Mersrs. Bayard aud Dieville, entitled ** Henrie tt Lueien,” was performed on Tuesday last, and reveived with much applause. Mesdame her, Draseise, and Anua Cheri, who perform the prin- much sensation, and Bressaut cipal parts, created ae Well as trie i, two actors of the highest his- . ! Ceott ic talents, meri bh a plau: Londony The Spa- t it is said cers have for Wilcome back in the autum’ u Comijue, @ fantastical drama, gician,” was per- woudertul deout of , Whose ” erio Bane tounding juu at, who in few mouths. I aw pers sation. h circus, called “Les Arne which has been erected a’ the Bastil ing uaded be Ne tiowale, Arvauit, the jucky manager of the Hippo- irome, was opened ¢ day last, and wi invaded by 15,000 4, who, di rible beat, had come r to inaugar the popular place of amusement for the million. Never bas such a huge building been erected in any coun- try, and the execution of this incomparable circus neeets much honor upon M ‘ the cotertainments, they are like those of the Hip- pour vine ting of wreetling, racing, ballvon- ing. ebirg. Lverything was successful At the Champ de Mars, M. Poitevia aud bis leay, accomplished, at n Sunday, the daring journey they had an: nd—to let themselves be arried ie in & Wagon “ which two horses were barnersed, by the huge balloon, “the Clobe.” About 20,000 people were present to see this won- , derful feat, and every hand # uded when the wronacte left the ground and certain rumor Was «pre: i that M. and e accident. ‘This, fortunately, was false, and, on Monday morning, the courageous couple returned to Pans from Grignon (where the balloon fell), brovght by their horses. The balloon was brought back to Parie on a cart. it i* reported that tue Minister of the Interior hax made a decision to al- low to more strangers to participate in the experi- ments of a“ balloon ride,” if he does not ey up with some scientific purpose. This, I think, is | fyolich, for, | do not understand after t they should nut forbid people to go stenmboat—yuite as dangerous as a The newspapers of Madrid reported, a few days | ago, that a Senorita, named leranista eres, from barcelona, had made, at Madrid, on the promenade of the Vrado, a very ‘able experiment, ta her flight through the air with the aid of This new learus went over a space of 400 re, and came down in the mort gentle manner. This report bas caused & Frenchman to come out in the pers, and declare that he and his two sons had already discovered the “artof fying through the | air’ —that « few weeks , during the night, they | bad crossed the river Seine, having beautifully suc- | ‘They intend to male the same experiment — at an early day. adame Laborde, who is now at Bordeaux as a “star, nesrly shot, on the 25th ult., by the | fall of a huge bouquet, which hit ber fece, thrown by an enthusiastic admirer. She was singing in | the “ Koreignol,” and the shock was so violent that | she fainted—and it was impossible for her to sing | afterwards itis Feported that Barnum’s agent has made pro- Madame de Bocarmé, who is an excellent | player on the piano, to under “ profeasional” | four, a8 & pianist, but not the | United States. Though the sum of mo ed by the agent was very tempting, she declined, acd | | Sefused Vo eghibit pereelf. As for the engagei.cug | fiom, and Holland, too, propored to meet us EP Sosre | | bull, mounted bya little | yo, and it was | graved upon them the names of those | 1, besides a pair | ; the first was called “ La Frois Ages des | euble, ou Non | by | | country to obtain a ings. | Earl Granvirie, said that the petition which bad | h Lola Montes, I understand, from @ very re- liable source, that the bargain is signed. Bb. 1.x AMBRICANS IN PARTS. & Carolina, E. Shokes, ew A. Jenki FE. Kinney, S. Jours, Fittshur, if ¥. K. Schaeffer, Baltimore, arti JO. York, Ww a Cincinnati, H Hi. Bartl ng, New York, B. P. Quincy, Boston, J. ord, New Jersey, Spencer, Havana, G. W. Newell, Albany, ud, New York, 8 Lord, New de., W. H. Gobree! 1. C. Ely, Louisville, z " Canton, U ties, ndele, Philadelphia, Rodman, oston, Carolina, Sy: Tennessee, w ‘New York. Interesting Debate in the British Parlla- ment—The California Trade, Ta the House of Lords, on the 17th alt., Lord SranLey presented the petition, of which ho had given notice, from the Shipowners’ Association of the port of Liverpool, complaining of the evil | effects of the Topeal ot the navigation laws. The petitioners complained that they were sufferi reatly from the repeal of those laws, and that al the injurious consequences which they bad antici- pated had been more tham realized. They did not ussert that the foreign trade bad not been increased; but the advantage of that increase bad been reaped much more by the foreigner than by the British shipowner, in consequence of the great de- | crease which bad takeu place in the rate of freights, | which, to the Lritish shipowner, were now searcely | remunerative The noble lord then entered into minute statistical details, for the purpose of show- ing that, while the foreign trade had increased, the | rate of freight, and, therefore, the profitef the cbipowner hue decreased, and that the share of the | foreign shipowner of the increase had been greater | | than the share which bad accrued to the British | shipowner, who bad at drst, indeed, suffered » do- | | crease, althowgh, latterly, he had had an increase | They also complained of the peculiar burdens to | which they were subjected ; among these was the stamp duty on marine assurances, which he thought ought to be removed, as it drove merchants to insure abroad; another burden was the extravagant fee charged by British consu's in foreign ports. They also complained that officers in the navy were | authorized to receive a pecuniary reward for the Ivage of merchant vessels, and also to the encour- agement given to seamen to enter from the mer- chant ships into her Majesty’s service. They also complained that while tne vessels of Spain, France, and the United States weie admitted to the ports of this country on the same footing as British ships, our ships were not admitted to the ports of Spain, | France, and the United States on the same foot- | ing. An advertisement issued during the es week by a steam-packet company trading to Ant- werp, placed this matter in its true light. This | advertisement said : Shippers are respectfully in- | formed, that as thi seel 18 under a belgian flag, | they will have an advantage of 15 per cent. on the duties levied in Belgium by shipping on board this | vessel.” ‘Thus shippers were ind diate the Hritish flag, to deny their nationality, and | to avcept the Belgian flag. What had Spain done? | Why, the table of duties levied by the Spanish tariff | of TS49, actually imposed differential duties on | produce brought by all foreign vessels, British in- cluded, of from 50 to 100 per cent. But France was even worse, for she strictly adhered to her old res- | trictive system as rigorously as we ourselves did befcre 1519 Consequently, while from any part of the world French vessels could bring any goods to this country on equal terms with our own vessels, no British ship was permit:ed to take into the of France a single ton of foreign goods, except the coun! which they were produced, or rather, | he believed, they were not permitted to introduce | any foreign produce whatever. He knew one in- | stance where a british merchant, at the Hrazils, | hada cargo ofhides to send to France He had a | British vessel in the port belonging to the house | | with which be was connected, and which would | have taken the cargo for twenty shilllings a ton less | than the French vessels in the port were demand- | | ing; but in consecuence of the French navigation Jaws, he was compelled to ship the cargo inal rench | vessel at the higher rate of freight, although the | cargo was bis own, and the vessel was his own, and although a French vessel could fave taken a simi- lar cargo to England without any obstacle. | Was that the amount of reciprocity they had aright to expect, and which they were told they shouldo! tain if they passed the act of IMM! Bat wae said there was one country which had giv us full reciprocity. The law of the United States admitted the ships of any country on exactly the } same terms on which United States vessels’ were | received in the ports of such country. He | that as far as the letter went the: (am received per- | fect ree procity from the United States. But we | bed thrown open to them the trade with our colo- | vies, for whic: eg 4 ey us no reciprocal ad- | vantage. It might be said the United States had no colcnies; but, at leas:, they bad one distant posses- sion which virtually stood in the position ofa colony. lustead, however, of acting up to the spirit of the | law, they insisted that the trade between California the Atlantic ports of the Union was a coasting } t , and that as we had retained our coasting trade, it was only fair thatthey should retain theirs. Now, what wasa coasting trade ! It was trade be- twecn port and port of the sume country, performed | entirely through the waters belonging to that eoun- | uy. The Atlantic seaboard of the United States was far larger than ours, but perfect reciprocity was maintained, although they retained the trade be- tween Boston and New Orle: h as when we retained the trade between Leith and London. But they could by no principle of interpretation call the trade with “California ccasting trade, where | oyage was of four or five months duration, and pasted through waters which not even American pretensions could claim ae belonging to the United But that wae vot the only point in which ited States withheld reciprocity. Ame built vessels wer lowed to obtain Mnglish re. ters, but the United States would not allow a ves- sel built at Liverpool, or at Halifax, or Quebec, to reccive a United States register. noble lord then proceeded to contend that under the existing arrangements, American vessels were enabled to * trom California toast India or China, and Lbence to Liverpool with a cargo, and afterwards to New Vor nd the reralt was that the American vessels, having entered into competition with the | ish vessels, were enabled to make three distinct 8 for two taken by the ritish vessel. He old that freight had fallen to an enormous ex- tent in consequence of this unfair competition. They bad the power under the 10 and UM clauses of the 12th and 13th of the Queen, to impose duties on the ships of sueb foreign countries as did not recipro- cate with them in respect to the commersial policy pursued by this country. They bad now an experi- | ence of the effect of the alteration of the navigation } Jaws for the last eighteen months, and he wished to ork the government what they had done in the way of taking advantage of the powers which they sessed by the act to ich he referred, to oblig foreign nations to recipro with them in their mmercial policy! He heard that morning, that bin the last three or four days an American ves rel, on reaching Liverpool, was informed by the au- | thorities of the Custom House that 20° per cent | differential duties would be imposed upon her. Now, he should be glad to know what instructions bed been given. The act of Parliament required | that notification should be given in two successive Janton Gazettes, and that the order in council | thould be laid on the ¢ of both house: Par- | lament The name the vessel which he was | referring to was the Hortense. Ie thought there | must be some mistake; but be bad no doubt, now that he bad mention the noble Karl | | (Granville) we sto the accurac; | of the infor: object in calling attention to thi bject was to | | show to the House the enormous dvantage to | which the British commercial marine was subjected | in consequence of the absence of reciprocity on the | part of foreign powers, and also for the purpose of | | asking ber Majesty's government how lon intended this state of ti ther they intended to it Fs | they to continue, and whe- oe upon foreign powers compel them to do jus- | justice, and to enable this ‘ir competition, and nothin more, between foreign vessels and the vessels o| | this country. (Hear) tice, nothin | just been pieeented by the noble Jord stated that the shipping interest of this couatry was not able, Without protection, to compete with the foreigner ; and that their difficulties were much increased by the want of reciprocity on the part of foreign powers But asthe noble lard had laid the most stress upon the question of reciprocity, he (Harl | Granville) would take that 5 and he wor be by remitdling it lordsbips that when the | a 8 Were repealed two years ago, the | lature did not repeal a law which was com- mon to all countries, but one which, with constant modification, bad been Gret institated in thie coun- | try about two hundred yeare ego, and thet the ox. | awple of this country had, to a greater or loss ex- | tent, been followed by seven other nations, Ag soon ar that law was repealed, it became the duty of Her Majesty's corpeaent to communicate with Swecen, Holland, Belgium, France, Spain, Porta. gal, and the United of Ame p quertion. In the care of Sweden ch once ome sented toremove the rertrictions upon oar navign- | me! to the effect, that hei ee ea ee be em equal ion in her a From | | guished dmitted | because with went off certain regard to colonial trade. pie to state, however, that within the "last fortnight com- wanication been received from that country colonial t —(Hear, hear.) The ie lord Bradshaw.” ‘ing an old shaw,” +xford, instead of the first six books of Euclid. laugh ) It was quite true that English goods ate Lie ip yasols into Telgiae porte paida duty not of 15, but of 10 per cent., but it was equally true that we levied 20 por cent. on Bolgian He next came to France. That couatry ever since the time of Louis XIV., had protected its mercaa- tile marine. But though tho French government were so hampered with productive duties and com- mercial restriction, they had agsured her Majesty’s ‘overbment that they would meet our advauces in foe most liberal spirit. The last communication received from France offered some considerable con- cescions, and negotiations on this subject, wore still pending. If they considered the exteut and riches of France—the exvellent harbors she possessed—the scientific skill of her people in building vessels, and the 1 intelligence of her inhabitants— that for the last,two hi ed years, she had been tecting her mercantile marine; then if we looked at her official reports, and saw that within the last fifteen years, the increase in her vessels 200 tons had net been the 176th part of the increase of our Ug, yt and that the number of her ves- sels above 200 tons had also decreased during the sawe period, these facts, he thought, must show that protection alone was not suffizient to give en- couragemeat to the mercantile marine of that country. If she still continued to impose protective duties on raw material and finished articles—if she did not avail herself of her mineral weulth and of ber skill in ship building, she would still be prac- tically excluded from the general carrying trade of the world. With regard to Portugal, ne would only say that negotiations were going on. Bat the case of Spain was of more importance. A commu- nicstion had lately been received from Spain; and it was hoped that some satisfactory arrangement would be come to. He agreed that it would be bexeficial to Spain to get rid of her restrictive due ties, which were only of advantage to the s nug- gler; but Spain, by a late revision of her tarifl, had reduced her differential duties from one-thir to one fifth. Spain was a country slow of move- ment; but it could not be acted upon by us without consulting existing treaties. He now same to the United States, the only country which was a for- midable rival to us in commercial matters ; and with respect to its commercial navy, he did not deny that it was a disadvantage to us that we were excluded on the long voyage between the western ports of America and Calitornia; but we were not exsladed by the repeal of the satigasion laws, and the repeal ob these laws had opened to us an indirect foreign trade with California. There was no doubt that the United States were technically right in treating their trade with California as a coasting trade, a3 the latter country formed an integral portion of the United States. There were other advautages con- nected with the repeal of the navigation laws, which had not been mentioned—those, for instance, which enabled our vessels to carry sorted or mixed cargoes, and which had given rise to a new branch of trade. He had new dealt with the question of reciprocity, and had shewn that, with the exception of six or seven countries, we had reciprocity; that with re- spect to Sweden and Uolland, we had perfect reci- | procity; and that with regard to the United Staces, | we had that technical reciprocity which we had a | right to claim. | great difficulty; but still there could be no doubt, | that if negotiations failed with the three countries | to which he referred, it would be a matter of con- | sideration with her Majesty’s government whether | they would not, even at some self-sacrifice, make use of those powers which parliament had contided tothem. Ina great commercial country, however, like this, there was nothing so important as to com- bine together simplicity and uniformity in all their regulations respecting trade. (Hear, hear) And wien the noble lord insinuated that her Majesty's | government had neglected entering into negotia- Uons on this subject, he could not avoid reminding the noble Jord that there were difficulties thrown in the way of the government by the exampie that was given by the noble lord himself, and those who acted with him. (Hear, hear.) For it was impos- sible but that foreign governments, when they saw @ great and powerful party, led by one so distin- by his abilities as the noble lord himself, and beard thems declaring that every interest was oing to ruin in consequence of the changes that fed oak made—it was impossible, he said, for foreign governments to hear such statements made without an impression being produced upon them. (Hear.) And even though foreign governments | mighttind it difficult to reconcile such statements | with the notoriety of the prosperity that England | enjoyed, and with the extension of its commerce, which they themselves witnessed, s0ill these state- ments must influence them, must make them slower | to enter into new arrangements, because they did | not firet know what changes might be made in the comme policy of this country, when the party from whom such statements emanated came into power. (Cheers ) Ag to the United States, and the charges in their tariff, to which reference had been made, he could only tay that what occurred in the United States showed that it was much easier for a | party when in opposition to embarrass a free trade government, than to re-enact protective duties when it came ittel{ into power. (Cheers and laagh- ter.) He referred to several returns to show that | their shipping trede had increased in every No and pointed to the example of such men a Lindsay, of Liverpool, Mr. Duncan, of Dunbi Mr. ram, who had predicted the most ruinous consequences to themselves from a repeal of the navigation laws, but who had since then increased their trade, and opened new branches of commerce. He also referred to the great inerease in the build- ing of iron ships in the Thames, the Clyde, and the Mersey, and to the statement made by Mr. Anter sen before a commitice of the other house, that much was the prosperity of the shipwrig ats, that it would be imporsible to procure any one engaged in the trade to bind himself by contract to “at oo The iron veesel built within a certain period. Legis! he said, must goon in the cou commenced—that of encouraging the grea! the community, and not particular classes. was able to show that more British shippiag was now ewploycd than formerly ; that there was a greater demand for other shipping; that the ship- owners were extending their business, and that the shipwrigbts were in a singularly prosperous con- dition. It was no answer to him to tell him that the freights had been lowered, for that was part of his ease. (Hear.) He did not think eithér that it Was an answer to bim to tell him that the ship- owners were complaining of great distress. No one had a greater EO gho than he had for the shipping interest; but still, he said, that in adopting such nguage they were using a conventional term—that He | vessels carrying Belgian goods entering our poris. | The whole question was one, of which was common with every other occupation, | even the moet prosperous. Ile rejoiced, theref that this debate had taken place, and he rejoiced in it the more because the noble lord in presenting the petition laid before them, had not allowed a Word to fall from him which could lead the shipping interest to hope that there was the slightest chance of this country ever going back to the pernicious delusion of the navigation laws. ((heers.) The Earl of Hanowiexn, had, he said, been en- trusted with petitions from the shipowners of reveral ports—from Dartmouth, London, and Sun- | derland—which were to the same eflect and upon the tame subject that was now before their lordeships. He did not feel it necessary to enter into the details of theee petitions, they were the same in sub- stance with that presented by his noble frie 1 would endeavor to make some reply to the ble speech which had been made by the noble lord opposite. He did not think, from the speech of the noble lord, that the shipowners could hope that her majesty’s government would make use, in dealing with the questien of reciprocity, of those powers aa admira- | thet the act of Parliament had confided to them. | He bad never beard a epeech less calculated to raite the spirits of a drooping interest than that which bad been delivered by the noble lord (Hear, hear.) The noble lord had told them that the go- vernment was endeavoring to negotiate with foreign but he held out no expectation that if these jons should fail by J ipping interest. eriment-—a dangerous experim rest anda wealthy coumey, whieh would have roken down a country if we It waslike taking a large | | case of Mr. Linden mars—the loss was not immediately perceived, as it | would be if tbe snme amount had been taken from a ‘wall hoard of treasure. Let them compare what had occurred with other countries in consequence of the change that had been made. Taking the three month i May for 1850 and 1851, he found the British ebij had increased only 21 er cent, while: increaved 19 per cent nthe outward trade, during the same period, t inerease of British shipping was 8 per cent, France 13 per cent The increase in the inward trade (as we understood) was British 21, Kussis, 310, Sweden , Norway 119, Prussia 141. Outward, British 8, Norway 127, Holland 111; and so it was with every otber nation. They hed increased F clearances in an infinitely jn ratio than Ingland had. (Hear, bear ) hat was their position in respect to the trade with india and Chinn priot to the re- peal of the navigation jaws! Why, the whole might ad to be entirely in their own wu bat th rica to do whi could never do before. She carried on an enormous trade~first, between New York and California—then, between California to (hora—and then between China and Liverpool The fieght ehe obtained f: New York to California puid the whole exy ene of the ship, the evst of build- ing. and the equipment of the voyag he then started for China, ii cm whenge she Was enabled tovar- | of those laws enabled Ameo | ship, in her voy: a When hig noble fri navigation laws had not improved the shipping, he did not seem to be aware of what was in reference to the extraor- ing on in America hoary trade with California. given to the building trade of Amer: z to astonish every one. When first the trade with San l'rancisco was opened, the American ship- holders employed nearly the whole of their ships by freighting them to San Franciss>. At present there were 600 of cheir ships at California, and 600 more were employed in the wi conning trades. The year before last the Americans b. about 1,100 ships, and there were in the last year 1,100 on the stocks. This great insrease in the shipping trade of America was occasioned by the combined action of the California trade aad the enormous advantages conferred upon them by the repeal of the navigation laws. 1t was impossible that the British shipping could long contend against such @ state of things. a document which he held in his hand it appeared the outlit of a British ship fora long voyage amounted to £2,174, and the amount of its outward trade only to £74, lsaving a balance of about £1,300 aguinst her. Such a state of things, if permitted to continue, would assuredly involve this country in difficulties much more serious than ever it was in before. Lt was always the opinion of their ancestors that these laws were of a defensive character, aud the repeal of them they very well knew was unsought for and unasked by the people of this country. i Earl Grey could not help congratulating the No- ble Karl opposite, upon the admission that the al- teration of the navigation laws was calculaved to ive @ great stimulus to the commerce of the world. fit had done that, he thought it followed pretty clearly that the tirst commercial nation in tae world could not fuil to receive its full share of the trattic. Individual cases of great ditliculty and embarrass- ment might no doubt be found; bat upou a great question of that kind, they must look to the geue- | ral result of the whole. The noble Marl, then, did | not attempt to show that the shipowners generally were bot extending their business. As it nad been truly stated by his noble friend, there was vue saip- owner alune who had in a single year added nine more ships to the number usually employed Tue noble Earl bad spoken of the extraordinary results in the trade of the world by the opening of Cati- fernia, and by the sudden creasion of a large som- munity in that part of the world. No douot very fects had been produced by this Califurniaa d America, of course, reaped the firs: ad- vantages by the increase of their freights to that part of the world. In tbe peculiar situation in which she was placed in reference to California, it was no doubt most difficult for any other couvtry wo compete with her in that trade. But he was unable to understand how that circumstauce attected the question of the navigation laws. He (Karl Grey,) however, believed that this country had shared in the benefits of the Californian trade. If they could believe the ordinary information which they received, no inconsiderable number of English ves- sels had gone to California. it appeared by the last accounts received from that place, that out of 4,00 tons of shippmg that had recently been vo California, no less than 6,800 were British, and oae- half of the remainder were American. ‘4 ‘There was no doubt that America had a superior advantage over British ships in the trade with California; bat in consequence of that trade ehe withdrew a large portion of the ships which had been previously ei- ployed in the Brazilz, New Spain, aud other coau- tries, and their places were immediately supplied by british ships. He at once admitted that the rega- lations maintained both by France and Spain were contrary to sieey principle of fairness, aud of which this country hada great right to complain. He thought, too, that they were entitled to adopt any measure consistent with their interest in order to meet these unjust proceedings. With regard to these (i yea 3, they were not only to consider whether France and Spain had acted fairly towards them, but aleo whether they affected this coauury as much as they affected the countries that had adopted them. And on the other hand, they were called upon to consider whether they would, by re- taliatory measures, do more harm to ourselves than to thore countries. ‘Ihe noble lord opposite said that when the retaliatory clauses were introduced into the bill, it was with the understanding thatthe government were to have made use of the power thus given in oppesition to such regulations. If he (Ear! G.) remembered right, it was stated distine ily that these clauses were introduced with this object— that if it were found that British ships were reaily suffering in the competition with the ships of other countries, in consequence of the adoption by them of such regulations, those powers were to ‘be em- ployed. They merely reserved to themselves the power, in case they found it advantageous to them- selves, to give eilect to those retaliat clauses against foreign nacions. With regard to Spain, tae gitevance was that high differential duties were uu pored upon the importation of ali commodiues, if mporte 1 in British ships, instead of their owa na- tional ships. vet of such a regulation was, ubt, highly injurious totrade. Hut to whom injurious! ‘the British shipowner now and again, perhaps, lost a good voyage ; but, as the no- bie lord stated, the whule trade of Spain was, atter all, so incovside that it was reatly a matter of very little consequence wo the shipping interest of Great Britain. Thanks to her restrictive system that Spain carried on such a petty and insignificant trade with all the world. But what could tus ¢ »uo- try do They might interpose countervailing duties upon goods going to Spain from this country in Spanish ships. What would be the result of such a course! Why, they would simply put an end to trading between the two countries altogether, which would be a serious injury to cur own manufacturers and merchants, and stunu- late the trade of the smuggler to agreat exteat. France maintained absurd restrictions. She refused to receive even the produce of her own colonies, if imported in English ships. ‘The practical opera- tion of this was, that tae French merehant aud manufwcturcr, if aflorded every 4p sheep of buy ing cheap cotton and indigo in London, were pre- vented from doing so if he was compelled to stip it on board an English ship. If there was an Kaglish thip lying in the Baltie, and that a cheap cargo of timberand bemp could be then obtained, the French ship builders could not take advantage of the ¢ cumstance, to the serious injury of the latter. Tue loss to the English ship owner was the loas of aa cecasional voyage; but the loss to the French was the deprivation of the enormous advantage of ob- taining the raw muterial for carrying on their trade in the best and the cheapest manner, In the same way, as goon the colonial trade. It was not permitted, by the French law, to carry any comimo- dities between France and their colonies, aor from other countries into the Freneh colonics, in Britisa ips. The effect was, that the few I'rench coiunies, in spite of their enormous expenditure to bolster | them up, were dragging on a miserable existeace. There was Algena, tor instance—a territory highly | endowed by nature—upon which millions had beea ear it was the source expended by France. kvery of an enormous expenditure. That couatry that was | great in the time of the Noman empire, and was oue of | the mort productive portions of the civilized world | —that enormous territory, instead of making any progress like our own colonies, was but a source of eaperce to Fiarce. Were they then to punish Franee by saying that French vessels should not carry any com ities into our own colonest This would be but « trifling injury to the French ship- owner, because he was roan / excluded by a com- petition a t which be could not meke bead, in the carrying trade to our evlonies; but it would be, sv far as our colonies were concerned, to deprive ally of the opportunity of obtaining at ‘ate commedities which @ French stip, leircumstances, might be enab ed to convey. ‘Che competition between the Britien | shipowner and the French and Spanish shipowners might be ccmpnred to a race between the hare and the tortoise. He found by a reference to the official accounte that the French mercantile and commercial vavy in 1*.S numbered ouly one ship execeding S00 tons burthen. In Ist, that solitary 800 ton ship had disappeared from the liet of the Freneh | commercial navy In that year France poseessed altogether five chips exceediag 600 tons, and carry- ing a collective tonnage of 3,760 tons [a 1500, this French navy possessed still those five shi execeding (00 tons burthen, but they then only curried 5,609 tons, being a nution of nearly 1€0 tone. His noble friend had referred to the , who had added nine ships | tothe number he ha i usually employed. Wh; thi. one gentleman poseesred in one year, near! three times as many first clare ships as the French porresred altogether. Such being the case, to talk of competition between the English and the lreach mereantile mai in the general trade of the world, Was mos ad. With regard to the di- reett between France and ing! mensures could have no effect. imitate France, trade, they would destroy all legiti- h France, but no advantage would be gained thereby to our own shipowners. He thought it would be much better to follow that wise policy which they bad adopted in to other commercial mateers. Of late years they had altered the duties payable by foreign countries for foreign produce, in reference to our own interest sively. It wns generally received, as an ‘om, that none of our restrictions could be ro- until a pledge bad beea given to this coun- try thet a cimiler course Weuld be purened by other couutrics. That impression, however, must have been removed when an honorable friend of his—he | miant Mr Kieordo—bad brought forward a motion | in the Hove of Commons, on t#o occasions, | o for the semoval of these restrictions, without | jeference to anything that any other nation woeld do. | That honorable member had then txporcd, with the greatest succurs, thy failacy of | jy | Keolinba, € beyond mare moe ee. Fora ‘ @ cent efore, country was engaged in endl on Ragoristions with other countries, in order t rid of restrictionr upon trade that were in-- jurious to both. Instead of making apy a towards that end by those negotiations, Te- strictions were rather multiplicd. Since that time. bad not their commerce made great and unparallele?. advances, such as it had never before made? But more than that, foreign nations were be; to. follow in their footsteps. All foreign countries were tending to the reduction of those duties which wero destructive of their trade. Thealternative presenti itself to these nations which refuse to follow in that course is, to be left far behind in the Barrie race of! competition of the nations of the civilized world; and that consideration, they might de on it, . would produce its natural result with the nations. No doubt, in France, public opinion had hitherto- been averse to making changes of that description; but they must remember that their navigation re- strictions are so intimately eonnected with their general commercial restrictions—the system was 80 ingeniously absurd, and at the same time so complicated, that it was impossible to touch one part of it without the whole fabric fall- ing to the ground. Was it possible that a people like the French would not open their eyes to what was going on around them, and, com- paring the progress of their country with that of vbeir neighbors, perceive that a flourishing mercan- tile marive can only be formed on the basis of a, flourishing commerce, the state of the one the natural result of the state of theother. The whole commerce of l’rance was languishing under the pre- sent restrictive system. Let them test it by the amount of tonnage of all ships, foreignand national, coming from foreign ports into France during « given period, and let them apply the samo test to England to see the progress made in each country during the last few years. Ho would commence with 1842, the first year in which we began to relax our restrictivesystem, and end with. 149, the lust year that he had the opportunity of making the comparison In France, then, the total amount cleared outwards in 1842 was 3,247,003 tons; in 1849 it was 3,375,000 tons, being an increase of only 128,000 tons, or not guite 4 per cent in seven years. In England, in 1842, the total was 7,317,000 tons; and in 1849. it was 12,670,000 tons, the in- crease being 5,273,000 tons, or 71 per cent within those seven years. [A noble lord—‘*There was no revolution here.” ] No; but the year 1819 showed rather favorably jor France, for after the election of the President of the republic confidence was re- stored, and trade made a great spring in that year > but in England the year 1349 was not so favorable either as the year 1850 or as the present year. Tho results of the famine in [reland and of the railway speculation in England had not yet cleared away, and 1849 could not be considered a prosperous year in this country. But let them apply the test of the state of the manufactures ofthe country. In England every description of manufactures was busily and ra- pidly progressing ; their railway communications were being npaetity completed upon a gigantic seale of construction, and fixed capital was invested in, public works of immense importance In I*rance, on the other hand, they had nothing but stagnation; railway communication was advancing but slowly to completion, and that slow advance was mainly as- sisted by the state; no public works were carried on by private companies, and seagnatioa was pervad- ing every branch of industry. Was that a, state of things that France was likely loag to submit tot Would her people not inquire into the causes of it, and trace it to the restrictions placed on her com- merce? Though in the home markets the manufac- turer might be ccmpensated for the restrictions im- posed on him by protective duties, there was no means of protecting the manufacturer of Lyons silks, or the wine grower of Bordeaux, from the competition of the foreign producer of correspond- ing articles, in the markets of the world. The English manufacturer reaped the advantage of the restrictions imposed on the French producer by his own government, which enhanced to him the cost of his motiv ‘am power, his iron, indigo, and other raw materials, the increased cost of which was so far an injury to the French producer to which the English” manufacturer was not subjected. Those were facts which would sooner or later be understood by the people of France; and it was not by following the present erroneous example of that county that they could induc» ber to remove those restrictions which did most injury to her own manu- factures. If be wished to retard the progress of France, he would desi-e the continuance of those comme: cial resivictious; but he did not look upon hat country with an eye of commerci | jealousy; he knew thatin he markets of the world there was rufficient demand for the produce of bvth countries, and certait was that it was a wise policy in us to it with ce until a change of views took Re in Fiance on thove matters, and to abstain rom any measure of retaliation uatil we saw prac, tically that we were suffering from the competition ot that countr: , and that the retaliatory measures they wigh ad: pt would be calculated to relieve the r own fell »w subjects from any disadvantages to which me might have been unfairly expose he arl of Coccuesrer said that both the noble loids (G je and Grey) admitted that the vexatious character of the restrictions existing in France arose .rom want of reciprocity, he hoped when the proper time arrived, they would be pre- pared to act up to that opinion. The subject then dropped. Deaths in Europe. The late Count de Mulineu, ex-diplomate, whose disease was recently announced from Werue, was Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor, and formerly Ambassador from the Court of Stutgard at Paria. it would appear that the Count met with his death oF accident Returning late on the evening of the 2st ult. to his abode near Thoune, he mistook the road and fell over a deep precipice. In addition to & fracture of the collar-bone, his brain was so much injured that he expired onthe 23d. His faneral, which took place on the 25th, was attended by tho Minister ot France, Count Reinhard, Monsieur de Thorn, the Austrian Minister, and other members of the diplomatic corp: Sir George Smith Gibbes, M. D., F. R. S., died on the 23d ult., at Sidmouth, county Devon, aged £0. ‘The deceaced was a Fellow of the Royal Col- lege of Physicians, and was for many years physi- cian extrac: divary to (hacen Charlotte. o-General Bireh, R. A., died in Dublin, on hult.,in the S0ch year of his age. He en- the Koyal Artillery'as a Second Lieutenant, , served in Ireland during the rebellion of 8, aud ia the expedition to Walcheren in 1809. SLO, ISH, 1812, and 1513, he served at Cadiz aud Seville, under Lord Lynedoch aud Sir George Cook. The late Major-(eneral Birch was, in 154), appeiated Colonel Commandant of the 6th battae hou of Koyal Artillery . The Right Hon. W. S. Lascelles, M. P., Con- troller of che Queen's Household, expired oa the 2d inet., fom an affection of the brain. ‘The de- ceased was second son of the late, and brother of 1 of Harewood, and was born the tober, 1798. He married on the Mth of May, 1823, Lady Caroline Howard, eldest daugh- ter of the jate, and sister of the present, acl of Carlisle, by whom he leaves a numerous issue. The right hon. gentleman represented Wakefield » several Parliaments, and was at the last general s lection returned for Knaresborough, which seat ceomes vacant by bis demise, Col. Story expired on 4th inst ,in the 67th year of hisege. He ent the army in 1803, but had been on the attached list since 1538. Colonel Story served in the Peninsula with the 3d Dragoon Guards, from August. 1809, to the end of the war in 114, and was present at the battles of Busaco, mpo Mayor, Les Santos, and Albueras ion of Usagre, and the sieges of Cia d Badajoz. ‘The deceased also took part. Ec of Salamanea, Vittoria, ‘Toulouse, and the siege of Pampeluna. Colonel Lyce Sombre, after a painful illness, ox- Pired at his apartments, in London, on the evening of the Ist. inet. Major General He: Bowdler, of be Madrae army, died on the Gth inst., at Dublin, was @ cadet of 1797. Colonel iam Gravatt, late of the Royal In« valid Engincers, died at Edmonton on the 1th inst., Sl. Heentered the army in June, 1792: bot og gta mn evenien, Sy Poa sem uly, ; never iv mnoted ter Coiteel May, 1811; and Palos ie July, rT ina uten Colonel Richard ly, late 12th. Regiment, died at Boul canine sn he Sth inet, aged 73 He four and thirty years in the army, and the w! of these in the “12th regi- went. Lieutenant Colonel G. R. P. Jarvis, late of the 36th Regiment, died at Doddington Lall, Lincoln, om Mth inst., . Con wn ove in the Penin-- salar campaign o th the Sch ti and wi preneat at the battles of Roleia, ioe and Corunna, for which he has received the war u<dal, with three clasps. Vice Admiral Sir Charles Malcolm died at Brighton on the Mth inst. With ourselves, the whole service will lament the death of this good fficer in every sense ong > man—a true British of word— one whose characteristics were liberal y, Benerority, philanthropy and gallantry; and wi pone | | these euperior qualities, which make 4 man estimable in every relation of life, he added, to his other endearing acquisitions a wi appre- ciation of all that was good, noble and admirable in those who had the honor of his acquaintance. Sir ( the harles Malcolm saw 26 yours of avtive career bavy.