The New York Herald Newspaper, May 8, 1851, Page 6

7 To the tural interest SECHASION DOCTRINES OF THR SOUPH, | To tbe eqricutverl interest Re ee apt all other eaneenaace in tha Digi. QBOLITION DOCTRINES 1) THE NORTH, Rave Reeve stained th wiry ore, ti of Hon. H.R. Rhett, of South Caro- : PRs, sclev groans Minerale mal, 1, be edeantaganae, all kinds val ata Meeting of the Southern ‘tights nore able Notente peore os irizeme:—I am indebted, I presume, ns exist. There is but one interest which may be lnyanloasiy te the fact that Tam but lately from the seat of | affected, and that is the mercantile interest. T: government, for the invitation | have received to | is vory timid. It is Mable to panics; and when con- address thie might, and for the warm reception | fidence is unimpaired it is nod easy to cl the with whieh you have greeted me. You know my | channels of commerce without some loss, all hb frankly expressed, on the past state of our | that cl may be from less to more profitable But yeowen to know whether I see any- | channels. Our merchants will have to change their thing ia their present condition which has changed | importations from New York and Bostor to Liver- @r modified these epinivus. ae pa and Lepr bas thee wil have their goods Gentlemen, teach you not 4 re- | twent, r cheaper in rte oO! 16 i thi b of those wrongs United Riatee. The merchants in the interior of | to bear nothi Ghtot-have aroused within you the determination to ture, long since declared that, with respect to them, the argument wae exhausted. She will no more reason with ber sister States concerning them; and I think, need no more reason, concerning them, monget ourselves Our understandings sre suffi- elently informed. All we want is the will, in the our own State will have no inducement to go to | New York, a9 they now do, to lay in their supplies. ‘They will make their parehases in Charleston. Here is @ certain demand on the commerce of Charleston, which does not now exist. And out of our State, will not the merchants of ether States, for the same cause, pursue tho came policy? So far as our importations from those States ave con- face of acknowledged wrongs, to right ourselves. | cerned, we would be exactly az we now ase. The It ia on this t, aud this only, the mode of re- | only difference in our trade will be, that our mer- dress, that I propore, in » very simple way, to | chante will be able to offer to those who send us submit to you a few brief considerations. their productions from other States, their sup) oi twenty per cent cheaper than heretofore. t this interrupt their trade ? The Northern manu- facturers and producers, for whose benefit the hi discriminating duties in the present tariff of the United States are laid, will certainly object to such atrade. They will be clamorous to enforce out of | the people of Georgia and North Carolina, and the other Southern States, the collection of the thirty per cent duty they have laid by the general govera- | ment on every Southern concumer for their benefit. ‘They now control the general government, and, I suppose, will ondeavor, by their custom house | officers, to prevent the people of ether States from ‘Your last Legislature looked to two expedients redress—sece ssn fiom the Union in co-opera- tion with other Southern States, and secession by South Carolina akue. With the exception of less thaa a half dosen wembers, all the members of tho Legislature were dsusionists. Those who were in favor of disuuion in concert with other Southern States, limited their policy to the call of a Southern Congress, Those wuv, despairing of the oo-ope- ration of any ober tute, were in favor of seces- sion by Sonth Curclus alone, supported the call of * Seaio Convention ‘The latter prevailed by a majority in tie Sevate, and their bill was sent down to the Houxe calling a State Convention. inferred from two & considerable in the Fortification bill, both ntatives, at the close majoritic The eleo- tion im South Carolina r Convention had then indicated her future course. But I have heard it said, the eneral government will not blockade us entirely ; Re. will only have & floating custom house in their ships of war off our coast, or exact the duties under the cannon of bos forts in our harbor. I wish to meet all objec- ons. By this schome of interfering with our commerce, it ig not, in the first place, easy to perceive how duties can be collected on a whole cargo in bulk ia the holdofaship. ‘To collect the duties the ship must be the goods be seen, to be ap- praised; or seized if falsely invoiced, or not entered atall, to evade the duties. All of our custom house laws to prevent smuggling, and the evasion of du- ties, are based on the impossibility of collecting duties on goods in balk inthe hold ofa ship. If it is the established law, that papers without the ingpection of goods, or a captain's statement of what hiy shin are to be the only prous of ftnportations into re, sia, Hid the only eriterion of the duties to be collected, the collection of duties will soon be- come a farce. Charleston will practically be a free port. Even ten per cont duties will hardly be levied on our im; . But the true answer to this mode of lenehraien with our commerce is, that war. 2D be seceding from the Union, South Carolina will exercise a right, which she, at least, deoms un- questionable. hem she has dissolved her union with hor co-States, she puts an end to her co- parwership with them- puts anend to their common agent, the general government, se far as she is concerned. Sv long as the auion between them lasts, their common agent, with her conseat, and by no other means, disoharges the duties which, hy the compact of the constitution, sho has agioed it shall discharge. But with our separative trom the Union, goes all our relations with th» other buying from us. But all euch efforts will fail, un- less human nature shall be marvelously changed by our sesession. In the opinion of @ vast majority | of the people of the Southern States, the present tarith in principle, is utterly unconstitutional. 1t is only an expedient, by which tribute is exacted from the South by the North. But, indepondently of this, Hamburg lies opposite to Augusta, Purya- burg is not far from Savannah; whilst we have a common right to navigate the Savannah and Pe» ; Dee rivers, from their borders to their mouths. Ouc | trade with North Carolina is chiefly carried on by | wagons. How long will custom-house officers on our North Carolina frontier, continue to soize the | wagons of the North Carolina farmers and wagon- ers, on their return from South Carolina with their uzual supplies! How long will the people of Geor- | gia submit to a standing army of tax collectors on — their side of the Savannah river, epying, seizing, | fighting them, to enforce the collection of duties | their abolition brethren of the North have laid upon | them? We will have nothing to do with spying or fighting On our side of the river we will have ease and peace. No controversy with be, ac of Georgia--no controversy with the goner vern- ment, or ite officers. We have 62° to selltweaty r cent cheaper than tney can be obtained in Now ork, or in any port in the Unien—that is all. We | At there failed to: waut uf a tow votes necessary to Bive the two-thids majority required by the con @titution to calla convention. On the other hand, the thern Congices bill failed also in the House, where it originated As al! aimed at the same end, it was s00n agreed to puss both moagures. All de- sired a Southern Congress for redress, if it could be obtained. Time would, in a very few months, set- tile its practicability, whilst the call of a State con- vention would putil iu the power of South Carolina, incase her invitation for u Southern Congress should declined by the oiber Southern States, to go out of tho Union alene. A bill embodying these mea- sures vac both biauchesof the Legislature by an overwhelming majority—far more than the two- ‘thirds required by tho constitution to summon the ie in convention. Y friends, time, rosistless time—tho great dis- closer of our destinies—the iron instrument of Pro- Widence in working bis decrees—has settled at least one braceh of this poli:y. Southern co-operation is a@tanend. The Governor of your State, in obedi- ence to your command, has sent to every Southern bag E bed invitation to meet you at Montgomery, in Alabama, to coufer on the wrongs we have en- ured, and the dangers which environ the South. All are silent, save ove ; but that one has spoken for all. Virginia, who first counsoll sd us by oue Legis- | will neither force other people to buy them n- | Asture, to resist the Wilmot Provisogor auy kindred | ter other States to sell them. The trade, if it ex- moscure, at a!l huzads, and to the last oxtremity— | ists, will be at the option of those who think proper | Virginia, who, atu succeeding Legislature, repeated | to come to us and buy our goods. Relations of en- | ‘this counsel, and d:ew after her the whole South | tire amity, and of mutual benefit, not of hostility or injury, will thns exist between us and the Southern * im eupport—now, when the wrongs and outrages | Saticipated have beeu actually perpetrated, and the | States. 1 am inclined to think the trade of our mer- | chants, under such circumstances, will not become South, with ber institution of slavery, is excluded from every foot of our territories acquired from | quite extinguished. 1am inclined tothink that the Moexico—Virginia succumbs. Nay, more—she not | came state of things which now exists on our Ca- | omy oubmits, but brings herself forward to obtaim | nada frontier, under the skilful address of our Yan- | tho submission of others. South Carolina, ready to | kee friends, will also provail along the frontiers of tollow her first roble fead, adopted her brave re- | South Carolina. Twenty per cent will not stop solves, word for word ere they stand on the | goods on an imaginary fronticr. It gives immense records of the Stste. istry can ex- | activity to bales and boxes, as well as to mens’ wits. punge them. Liehunor, even, cannot obliterate | {t will not de:troy ourmerchanta. It will make our , them. fed and must live forever, a bright trade pretty nearly as free in going out as in enter- | nemorial of our cousistency and firmness in the | ing our State. This is certainly tho opinion of the vindication of our mghts, or a foul staia on our yet | merchants in our Northern cities. They, therefore, | unblemighed fame, aud a contemptible burlesque on | look upon the secession cf South Carolina from the the severeignty of the States. Virginia now leads | Union with alarm and terror, anticipating the lois tho way to submission. Excepting South Carolina, | of the whole import trade, which is occasioned by Missisnppi aloue seems capable of maintaining the | Southern productions. It will come tous, they aay. first high counrels uf Vugmia. Ter poopie cer- | I think they are right; for however fallacious thoir tainly appear to be actuated by a deep sense of the | judgments may be on other subjects, in matters of wrongs of the South, and a rosolute will to redrees | money they are as near infallibility as human be- thom. But Mississippi is practically a land bound | ingscan be. We must gain what they lose; and Sate. She bas no seaport suitable for transatlan- | our commerce will prosper beyond every other inte- | ticcommerce. Liew depth of water on her bar does | rest in the State. Charleston, the emporium of this mot cxeced six fees. bt ur this reason, if for no other, », must especially rise in prosperity. she cannot secede from the Union without her tv | ry householder, every mechanio, every laborer, will terminous States Lf she secedes without Louisiana | feel tho impulse which new demands for labor and or Alabama, receiving afl her supplics of foreign | capital must produce; whilst we will demonstrate commerce throug tuew, she would still be in the | o the w what liberty and just government can , Union, so far as tue tuaes levied ou her foreigucom- | do for apeople. | merce by the gecera! government are coacerned. ** All this seeme very fair and cloar,” I think 1 bear an old merchant say; “ but what of that blook- de? If enforced against us, we will not bo able to buy, much less to sell.” 1 answer: The blockade isa humbug. lit would probably be better for us, if it should turn a reality; but agtnings are, 1 am compelled to sey, from a regard to truth, that I believe it to be an unmitigated humbug. Blookade i . If we secede from the Union, we will secede during the sitting of the next Congress. Congres sloue can declare war. Congress must vote tho sup- plies, and authorize tho ui fthe army and navy s. One of two alternatives Congress must out of the Union, or ‘The citizens copsumi: Une goods imported from foreign nations, would pay, iu their consumption, the taxcs | ou them’ in the ports of other States. Missiesippi would thus be not practically independent—not imdcpeudeat in that greatest function of all government, the groatoet twat of liberty with our Anglo! axon race--the imposition of taxcs. She wili, therefore, not go out of the Union with us Cooperation with ber ia @ mea- sure of secession is out of the question, and probably it is bette: fur us that sho should not go out of the Uniow aluog with us. Tu the Unio sao will have a certaiu mauence on the other Southera peaceably o States, which we, out of it, would not posse Oar rybody gives us the very com Gaal object is beyond single State sesescion we | at laggards at fight- wo will fight--on tes im, ws well as outef, the Union ts u and if aay one will want Sta bring on that cbjevt to ite sevomplishment. With f the Lisousiy pi to give us hor co-operation, | a ce on South ends ern ov-uperstivn; no Southern con: | he is not worth reasen- a will, there is m way, Oursswter Southora States de- Wo will fight tion to mest us in counsel. They ,in declining our invitation, “ We aid you; take care of . long, ai lastingly, in defo Bov" cunt, your own destiny” ‘Surely, if we now move | and ot our dearest righ on «lone to reuress our common wrongs, no Wha: can the Northorn peoplo it ehargo of prevpitaucy, of of ambitious leader- | test, bu dofeat and disaster ship, can, with auy ouow of justioe, be made all they expect to ao _p netted t embroiled with o:her na! agninst us. We bave done all which a delicate pose ey are O ous, regard to their peoitivn bas required us to du. We tor lawlessly interrupting a comm as muck ave implored thew to load us, We haveimplored theirs as ours, and that we are at last vanquished them to co-operate with us. They will do neither, an will that prosorve the Union? Tasy after pledging Uicusclves te de beth. Now, th , rovince held in subjection by mili- that wo take cur tate wtoour own hands, are we n they make us, agaist our Bot entitled their ryuspaihy—thoir hearty good will, a e Union? Can they furve wa to wishes for our sucovse + ror my part, if they will elec aLore € presentatives to Congres? By i diese, it is wil } would desire in the present our secession, the | ie dissolved, aud will ssand 6 of things w the South. A Southorn Cu a4 discolved by otff mere non-setion. But if this poli ourrwo With Virginia, Marylaad, ey of coercion is pure ied, will abe limited ty sourt, Lonucasee——ia such a Co igress, 1 Carolina alone? Do y believe that uld be its w il Submisswa—suomis the gew government can curry a War egains sioa for themselves- a for us; and saould a Southern her right of ssead- we in diegust retue irem te Congress We Gurseives er liberties aad ing from the ion hern State will had invoked, o1 cust (ue counsels under our feet, | in might we not caxciie the reecutunent and alienation juin b secession is of our sister Souticim State composing it! lre- the right oy are no jolcs, therefore, Wat wv Svntheru Cougross will longer & s to tae uibern Coagress on moet Lv redrosa — conetitutior ea of one ute bway the Nerth, throug eo Majoct The Southern States will have ao the Union, of out of the Usion, to rpation and aboli Alone we must mo y compre Siwanger things (hau theme way take place, it > f the geveral govern oo seoou: the result as wel aa However m: erly, the éxpectation (hat only alternats prosesied ty us, is sub wiseivn 0 coeroe South Ca or socomion by South lowe. Now, as we rol who have beew tur seosmien by Souta Carvlina am satinfied, Senate of the alone, heartily labored wite ur irieuds who were wT nited stot , the Inst State to favor of the ov-vpersuon of other Southera Stata, enter the Ur dsrobed sinoe their policy Use vooome impracticable, oug of their rovere 3 ve Unioa they not to join wil us in tue inst aod only wou without i, b tooratic fu s 60 the body sure of redress that is Tuey may have dvubta | politic, to be ff in the Senet the equalizing of its auosess, as we Dive bad of iueir policy; b sword of der Could thy Northwestern de- with their couscivusvess 0; Lae Wrouge uf the Sou mocrata, who ©) Istely maintained that the right of and tie dangers » bivt vn us, wud their lige self-government so eaored ine people that the regard for tue bowvr of vur Stave, oan they coun emignwuts in Ca nin had a right to ect up a go- ws to submiivn? Will they any longer dir verument for themselves throughout that whole region, although owning to the people of South corded to the people of ms government they have repadi- from us, and sproud weakness orvughout our evun- eos? Will they uot recher Jom us, aud Make wich ws ove brave aud wuited eet fur redress aud in- pendence, by the secession of South Carvliua yt & foot of I, den 1 from the Luvwou) They must aud will evon ated! 1 the Northeastern democrats, resting eth us. They cannot joia the Union party, | on the ations of the constitution, as their great whion is soon to awe tw Seu Carvlina. | leader (Mr. Woodbury) bas so long and 60 faith- Secession, theu—secession by South Carolina | fully lone, fied any warrant in tho coustitation to alone—ia to be our poncy. Let us look it faiily in | coerce a State? How many Senators from the Seuth face, aud try to estimate its probable conse- | are prepared to try the strength of the general ge cea. Probability is ali whieh exists for us , vernment in cooreing a Southern State to remaia inthe future. Cortamty is in the past and There may be two, and you will not it only. » name them. My friends, [ om in the Union? find difiew firet place, in seceding from the Union, we | satisfied that if h Caroline thinks proper te go woud » tree trade absolutely, as it now exiets, | outof the Union, the will go without « single hos With BU the States South of the Potomac and Olio tile gun betng fired, or o tingle tombstone being rivors. ‘There would be nv cunvge whate sotar | erected to tella tale of martyrdom. On ex i % our action is concerned, in auy of the relations | euch convietion to @ distinguished officer of our we nowhold towards tuese States. All their pro State, immediatelyon my return from Washington, | duchote—cotton, whe. tobacos, live etock, will he exclaimed, No fighting! Well that is the worst enter our St o . free of ail charge or news | have heard for # long time. How, inthe | duty whatever. With respect to the productions of the other States wow im the L wad all for~ eign vations, wo wouid lay a x on importa. tea, net e eding ten per ce rem, (seven per Orns was tho first auty ind by pattingsthe proseut go tint fe homey war debt to disenarge ) the duty now exacted by ihe general ge name of heaven, aro we to get the Southern confe- deracy?” J answered, “ by gel Sean anda | superior liberty.” No. You will have no fighting, and | rejoice that the responsibility ix pot with us, ther wesball have it oroot. We will have ne ting, not beeause you are loved, nor trom wi rinciple which roetraina from shedding your blood. | om are hated, ne doubt, quite enough t bring m all tho 4 of the United States, ou th. on you any calamity which unserupulows power, article of importation. Our duty of ten per avarice, or fe am can inflict. But thore is po- will thus be tweuty per cent lese than the duty ox. | liey in pe here is pelicy in avarice—there is | noted in the ports of the Uaion. The effect w | policy in fanaticiam; all these perceive that to be that in Charleston, must be twenty pee | att to coerce South Caroling in any way, is te éu cuceper thaa ia the poris of the United Sates. | ppoure thei own detoat, and one speedy dolirerenon | expenditure which has | aion from the Union, because war canact prevent | time, our separation from the U { aupy States of the Union. They are foreigu natious—ox- actly on the same footing as Great Britaia or France. Their government has no move right to interfere with out commorce, than the goverameut of Great Yritain or France. For either of these Verninents te attempt te collect taxey vut of us, y forcibly controlling our commerce on the high seas or in our hurbors, is nothing moro or lows than levying military contributieas on us—inaking war. Ot course we will be compelled to fight with all the means in o wer, and with all the allies we oan command. © must storm the forts if we caa, where this aggression is carried on, and capture the ships of war employed agsinst us. It will be war on oll sidee—war iu the South te subject the South, whieh will only end in & Southern coafoderacy, the utter extinction of South Carolius a3 a State. If the government holds on to our forts morely as property belonging to the United States, it may be « question whether we ought not to pay fur any property our co-States, ugh the general (ep ty might own im Sout volima. Butin loing this, tho account must be opeaed all around with our sister States. It will be them to show that the proporty in South Carolina ¢: | our duo proportion of expenditure from the treasury of the United States, when compared with the r place in the other States of the Union. The public lands must also be brought into tho account, with our ua’ ad the public buildings in Washington. Tae ir the war and purchase of California should bo dobited exclusively to the free States, since they have appro- | priated the whole of ittothemselves. At all events, we will honestly and fairly meet any p:oposition to adjust y pecuniary jwbilities our withdrawal from the Union may involve. But war cascels all obligations. If they choosé it, wo must a:- But J repeat, | do not believe that war of any kind will follow as » consequence of our 4 and will only lead to a wider disruption of the Union. It will be far easier, indeed, in my opinion, to get out ofthe Union, than to keep out of it. You see the movement already made in Virginia to keep us from going out of the Union. Such movemoats will be multiplied after we are out of it, to induce our return. Missions from our sister Southern s cossions, with lavish pro‘vssious of re ‘ard from the Nothern States—abolition cowering for the while—elavs agitation suppressed in C ‘ess—tariff and interval improvements appt rently abandoned—in short, everything will be dane to conciliate the Southern States, aad kvop thom from going with us out of the U: in the mean- a will be mado as harassing as pozsiblo by the operations of the general government, to foster d.scvnteat in South Carolina, aud defeat tho advaatages which will paturally arise from our soparacion = T'ais will bo our real time of trial. ‘I'o noid ou firaly to our pur- pose, of an entire redross for the pasi, aud security for the future, or to keep out of tne Uaiva torever, will task all our fertitude and energy. Let them offer to us the constitution of the United Siates, that equality of rights aud privileges all its spirit breathes ; equality in Congres, wae e the ds- | will have enforced those guarantees which will | yearof his exporieuce, fresh proofs of the wisdom add to eur expenses. A foreign mission be necessary; but there pow. 4 of embassies to wie justice, and secure us or wrongs us, we have @ powerful means of redress or re’ m, by shutting them out of our com- merce, and thus adding to the prosperity of other and rival nations at their expense. Ny vies we do not want; for we have no shi on the ocean to protect. Notone bag of cotton and goes on when it leaves our porta, belongs to our citizens. flags; and under the same belongs to the citizens of other nations. ~ sen under same : I gs all produce belo to our citizems can easily reach foreign ports. Wee rest no standing army beyond what will be necessary to man the forts in our harbor. We intend to assail or harrass no one on our borders. The advantages we will enjoy by our extrication from the oppressions and dangers of the general goverament, we will freely impart to others; and will expect to win that friendlinoss and confidence which good officers should iar. But to meet the extraordinary expenses to whic will bo ewbioted: how great will be our additional resources thro the customs! How great, too, will be the benefit, especially te the gity of Charlos- ton, of expending all tho taxes thus raised witnit our own State, amongst our core peopel The city of Washington, as well as all the great Northern ero standing monuments of what the mere expenditure of money amongst a people can do for their enrichment. There, on the Potomac, is a large increasing city, of fifty thousand inhabitants, where, a few years ago, there was an old field. It is a mere consumer, and exports not a dollar’s worth of pro duce. I] think the additional means eecession will secure us, Will more than mect the additional ex- penses we must incur by Gar independency, L have thus, fellow-citizens, endeavored briefly to lay before you the probable consequences of the se- cession of South Carolina from the Union. I have argued the question of secossion as if it was a final separation from all the States of the South. But is this a correct method of arguing this question? If our cause is the cause of the whole South—at least, of the cotton region of the South—will not the South in duo timo perceive the truth? If in origin, pur- suits and institutions, we are one, how long will we remain apart, threugh the influence of those who have wronged and degraded us, and who now threatea our utter ruin in the overthrow of our in- stitutions? Will they prefer # union with the free States, with inferiority and colonial dependence ; or a union with us, with equality and independence ? Safety and honor are on the one hand—danger and degradation on the other. Increasing power and re- spectability among the nations of the carth, whose prosperity we will hold in the hollow of our bands ; or fomaneng weakness, with a government under whose prestige they and their institutions become the scoff of nations. These are the alternatives, which truth and experience must present to all im- partial minds in the South. Where must they ulti- mately lead, unless but to s union of the South? If South Carolina from the Union, and re- mains an independent State for five years, a South- ern Confederacy must be the result, or the by on ive her that safety, liberty and equality, to which she is entitled. I have been battling in this cause for twenty-five years, and have now but a few more years to give to your service. I long to soe it svt- Ued. As a citizen of South Carolina, | demand that she makes me free. Let hor determine, now and forever, the fate of her sons. My counsel is, secede from the Union of these United “Ateovery hazard, and to the last extremity,” secede. If I was now about to draw my last breath, with that breath I would exhort you to secede. And above all, my friends, let us be united in secession. Our disunion will alone tempt an effort at coercion. Our dis- union can alone bring us defeat. Let us be chari- table to each other; and hold every man to be a bro- ther who 8 with us a to the wrongs we have endured, and is intent on redreesing them. When the State Convention shall determine on the mode of redrees—when it withdrawe*this State from the Union, all these will be with us; and in their gene- rous rivalry for the maintenance of the honor and liberty of South Carolina, they will perhaps surpass us allin patriotic energy and usefulnoss. Unite— and unite in secession, and, with God’s blessing, ro- demption is at hand for us and ours. ° Extracts from the Nineteenth Annual Re- Massachusetts Anti-Slavery It has ever been the felicity of the American abo- litionist to discern, at the close of each succesai of his philosophy and the sagacity of his method, in the unpress they have set upon the charavter, and the direction they have given to the current of | events. Tho twelvemonth which has jast expired is overshadowed with a cloud of these witnesses. ‘The strides of this nation towards its dystiny or its doom were never more rapid cr more appalliog. If there be any element of deliverance, any hope of safety, any way of escape from the fate waioh analogous crimes have drawn down upon tho hoads paraging and insulting agitation of the subject of slavery shall oo more enter forever ; equality ia tax- ation, without discriminations ia favur of ove pur- suit of industry at the expense of auother ; equility m the expenditure of the taxes, by lwitiag appr priations to the objects expressly speciied tu the constitution ; equality in v4r torritorios, at least us far as thirty-six dogrees thirty minutes uorth lati- tude can bestow it, from our ladian territories to tho lucific ocoma—tet them oiler to us these, and ell of these, scoured to ue by mew wad distiact gua- rantees in the constitution, and we will listen to iu. | vitatioua to returm iato the Uaioa To all else we | should turn a deaf, but respeotful car. ‘Those are now ours, by right, under the coastuution of tac United States ~The fiee States have despyiled us of thom. If they wish such u Union as the oonsti- tation establishes and their faith piedguu thei to observe, they can have it, if Usey Will propose it. | Any other it would be iosult to offer, Voluatarily to go back into degradiug inferiority and bondage, will be move infamous toan te have eedured ut uuder the steady usurpations of the Noothora States. Disunion, aud disuuion forever, or all our rights, should be our fixed aud uvsitoradle dabivu. Fear is a very warvason wie pass fea the more unreasousble Whou bacre ts twaet to apprehend Wo have alarmists fr batas the prospect of war disappears, we ave tote for foar cf pence ‘Tv tre tmaginat nothing iv so terrible as to be wamolertod alove by the geveral govermmeut — Lt i fi Ua is @ vorsor by Le tvaas bo bo Enoouate: thon, we will havecumpauy. But aut vv agit ws, is Aotill greate; terror. Ite woloare us aloe, Ww tiout compacy. Aud what mortal was can fave taste: phot Wary, goutiemou, 1 have tuvagac “laasez nas frre” (let us wlony,) was Lue principle of froe trade, for Wiiolt wo have bye 5 fur the tust thi ty yours that be lot aluao was the graad piv free goveroments. Justico trum wiiuo ous @r wrongs of fore gs between ima aod waa; the righteous mai linn lod sian at Astro ail cia, le o waking, ms tw ail We whoh bave at tox ov 1 have taought ple of ail Let us alone on alone aa ty) the Curreecy to our is tou of purpose ‘ andthe howcs of our serra sis or being rid Of KT Saal we let aleuot Are we afraid of 0% incapable of ruling ourselves », it nonsdnee LO aepire bo Liberty or inde) va dense 5 submit at onoe, Witogut mtr)», avd without efforts for deliverance, bye tae colo nes we are in reality, Blot eut the proud move fom our aca, | and lot our bag, once free, over more gevot th un. Lf ow) enemies think proper, too wrate @ thonsnnd wntles arosid us 1 ula ( is aw wslnad va the © cut of forever from all sympathy @ nsevoiacion wile any | other State im the Union. Wao will euifer most by posed oy ‘Teo roach us, the dagger must pass | vough others. The great world of commerce is before us, over the bend Aliautic We owa live, | and if we can live froe, 1 t% enough. Beiter any fate than the slow torturing deate wich awaits us in submission If our. weighboring States choose this death, aud think proper to iet the geaoral go- Verminent stop up the clenucls of ther commerce with ua, let them do it. If they bare mot had enongh of its interferevoe im (ieir alms, they can | take ot eti!! newer bume to their buanees anf bo- some, although tainted with abvlitioniem itself. But f beliove m the protnien co South Carvtiua, in the heart of the : be permanently isolated from the » polic: cannot be in interests and te titutions gene. government may make somo spucmodic eiforte to produce tins it; but if we stand still and firm, they will fail, a8 the passions of the prevent ae y before the mighty tiae of interests wuich must swecp the South togetver But eecession will not oly bring ws isolation in the South, but heavy burdeus in the pereonal inili- tury services We must render mod the increased toxew we must pay. Weare to lire in military boots, with knepaacks on our backs, sul have costly foreign embassies, aud @ standing army aud navy to t. It ia not for freemen to count the cost of a free goverrment, Let it cost what it may—life itself— they will be proees t pay it. But free govern- ehould gertainly by the cheapest, because owt just and most responsible to the people. I eee no renson why South Carolina saould be aa excep- tion to this geveral truth, Assuming to ourselves the conduct of our foreign reiations, will, doubtless, ' press, the pulpit, public meetings, all united in! of lees guilty because less enlightened natious, of which the memory = survives, it is to be looked for in the bitter b it hoaling antidote which che | abolitionists have mingled with the puisoued oup of the people’s abominations. It there be any re- covery for it from its present perdition, any possi- bility of its yet making this continent the theatre of the noblest drama ever presented to God or man— | of a true republic whose laws are equal, beavfcent, and just—a human translation of the divine govern- mont of the universe—it is only to be achivved b, pressing forward in the footsteps by which the aati- | slavery movement would lead it ou to safety, happi- ness, and glory. Those truths the facts of the past year’s history have improssed more deeply than ever upon our minds * * * * TUS SOUTH AND THE UNION. The policy of the South, in its leading influences, has been, during tho past. year, marked by tho same Suate craft wad distinguished by tae same suc- cers that has ever charaoteried it. The indigaation which naturally pervaded it whea it found that the couguests of the Mexican war, which had beea planned and fought through for the simple purpose of strengthening ite influence in the nation, by ex- tending the dominion of its idea, were not all of them necessarily to be devoted to their legitimate a, was loud aud deep. Its rage at the certain ‘one of the golden regions ef Culiforaia—segivas so eminently ndwpted to slave dabor—wrested from it hy tho Northers immigration that had peopled it wih freomen, aud #t the doubt, not yot vatirely relieved, whieh was sproad over the destiny of Now Mexivo and Utah, by the fanaticiom of Northora freedom, was as sincere aa it was violunt. It fouil veut io the resclutions of Legislatures, the messages of Governors, the vaporiug of conveatious, the rhetoric of the stump nad of the pulpit, and the fierce diatribes of the press. In Georgia, a joint re port aed resolutions were submitted early in the year, recapitulating the inj: th’ had ¢ Gured at the ( or it any al sd up by the aut Hla vonveution of ood arisen, hope that she and relented a been wanting in that noisy bravado whi tuted, for so many years, the political va, of that bullying commoawealth, THE RTH AND THE UNION er reality the pretences at a purposo of be u at the South may have had, tacy bad the | erect of aousing the loyal spirit of tae Nortn to | the reseue—not by « manly resolution to put dowa the southern malcontents, should they veutare upon any overt act, but by servile declarations of its own | w.llingness to do tho dirty work appoiuted to it, as Ph hese demunstrations the beginaing of The | © of averting one. wade in divers manners, fro tation of the Compromise quertion. the swelling thy chorus of praise to the Union, and in giving voive to the devotion to it that inspired them all. Tho first publis meeting in the loug proces sion which has murcbod through the year, was held in Cactle Garden, at the beginning of spring, before Mr. Webster's apeceh, on a call signod by mon of ail political parties. The Mayor presided; Mesare. Ogaen, Joseph 1, White, Goneral Seott, and others, nadresred it. Rosolutions foroshadowing almost the very shape which the compromise finally tovk, were passed with enthusiasm, ond as far as the city of New York was concerned, the Union was put in tho way of being saved. This meeting, however, wus but the prooursor nother yet more em- phatic, held in the same place, in November. Every tefiort bad been made to procure a great array of sigratures to the call, and many wore exterted, eats of exposing the delinquents to thoir custot . It waa compored, also, of men of all partis; but the fact of its occurring near ap election, took from it someting of the disin- terested louk so patriotic # movomont should have, and gave it the appearance of # trick to procure tho defeat of the Seward wing of the whig party in the State—s result that it very noarly accomplished. It was addressed by # mixed commission of whigs and democrats, and passed revolutions speroving of all the compromise measures, the Fugitive law amongst them, declaring that they “ will sus that law, and the execution of the samo, by all ia fal means.” . * . . * 6 Verein consists the hope of our deliverance. The avti-slavery agitation never can die out. It has been going on incressing, from the day of its mali things, in spite of the steady opposition of the State and the church, and of the usually —s influenses of society. It has taken p Congress, and turned it into beating soviety, with the anti-slavery de. country for am oa. England must have ceased, at some time, even if it bad been postponed from I’ or as it is that great changes must take place in the political ar- rangements of Continental Europe. It is merely a question of time. And all the professions of lo; and allegiance with which our great great men ood little great men think it necessary to garnish their speech withal, are symptoms not of health, but of conscious weakness. true friends of the country are they who are proving that the Union is a delu- sion and a snare, as now constituted—strong onl: for evil and impotent for good. Increasing multi- tudes are growing up to the knowledge of this feuth, and th ef fia rédiidiion to practice will be that from which history will date the birth of * * * * the republic. We look upon this Fugitive bill as a most signifi- cant, as well as a most important, event in the his- tory of the anti-slavery revolution. Whencecame it? From the degree of protection anti-slavery 7 seitabion had thrown around the fugitives whose evasion anti- slavery agitation had promoted. What is its de- sign? ‘To replace this matter where it stood twenty years ago, when escapo was comparatively rare, and rendition absolutely easy. What does it prove? | That thore is less hostility to slavery than has here- | tofore existed? Nay, verily; but the direct con- trary. Are there not as many abolitionists as be- fore the bill ed? Yes, in and their num- ber will multiply faster than over befure. And yet the wire-pullers at Washington believe, or pretend that they believe, that they have put tbs agitation at rest, and pacified the country. We can tell them that revolutions never go backwerds, and that a movement, like ours, aimed at tho destrustion of an element 50 alaenhy entwined with our institutions aa slavory, is a revolution. What tho present stage of that revolution may be, cannet be told from a contemporary stand-point. But the time is not very remote when this imagined victory of the slave | power will be seen as a certain sign of its weakness, and s sure forerunner of its downiall. ARRIVAL OF GRORGE THOMPSON. The past year will be long remembored by the | abolitionists of Massachusetts, a3 the one that wit- | nessed the return of George ‘Thompson to the scone of his former labors and trials. Fifteen years ago, his fidelity to the American slave drove him from our shores, which were no more worthy of him. The blood-thirsty spirit which marked that reign of terror, and whi ad singled him out, in an ra cial manner, a8 the most acceptable victim to be offered by its Northorn worshippers'to tho idol of the land, made his return te his own country neoessa: to the safety of his life. During tho long interval, we have been in constant intercourse with him. He has kept himself accurately informed of each pass- ing chapter in our history. We have watched his active participation in the great reforms in his own country, as they have successively presented themselves, and the growth of his influence and fame, until he was raised to tho British senate by the most numerous constituency of the empire. ESCAPING SLAVES. Notwithstanding the stringent provisions of the Fugitive bill, and the confidence which was felt in it as & certain cure for escape, we are happy to know that the evasion of slaves was never greater than at this moment. All abolitionists, at any of the pro- minents points of the country, know that applica- tions for assistance were never moro frequont. This is inevitable in the nature of things, and from tho extent of the frontier of slavery. During the sum- mer, Mr. William L. Chaplin was arrested in the District, or just over the line of bea bie! in the act of conveying several slaves to dom. For this act of humanity, and on charge of resistance of the officers employed for the reoovery of the slaves, he was thrown in our prison, at Washington. A stroog excitement waa raised in his behalf, partiou- larly in Central New York. Agonts wero sent over the country to raise the money necessary to liberate him on bail. After being thus rele: at Wash- ington, he was re-arrested, and confined for several months, in Maryland. for an alleged breach of hor laws. Very recently he bas obtained bail to an excessive roryp=rs and is non in this ’ of ne country. So rous and expensive is it to yie! to the hinge jak of common humanity in this free and happy country! THE CHURCH AND CLERGY. Our narrowing space forbids us to devote to this head the attention which its importance demands. The action of the great denominational bodies has not been marked with any of those prominent features which have obtruded themselves upen ua in former years—not that there has been any re- laxation of the attitude of repulse which thoso sects maintain towards any attempt to act against sla- very thiough their machinory. : The head of Massachusetts erthodox theo.vgy, Moses Stuart, blesses the defender ef the constitu- tion for having recalled him to a conse of his oon- stitational duty of catching slaves, and fulminates @ bull of interdict upon that conscience whivh pre- sumes to condemn the constitution. The heresiarch 3 New tees paar, dovs suit and service to the supreme law of slavery, uuder the very droppings of the sanctuary ef Yale. Dr. Hawks austere for the fidolity of the Anglican churchmen; and De. Lewey, the leador of the hosts of the unitarian se- cession, who sits in Chauning’s ecat, vies with those of the elder faiths in the humility ef bis homage and the servility of his allegience to the demon | that we serve. a Itis no uncommon subject of complaiat that the old reverence for tho clergy is on the wane, and Various causes bave boon suggosted to account fur it. A favorite theory is, that it is owing to the syetematio atiacks which the abolitionists have made upon thom;—a# charge, falee as far as tho authority of the clerical oa is concerned, bat true in the sense of a constant*watching and expos ing of their shortoomings in this direction. oui opinion that tho proaent position of the Amori- can oc) nba as & clase, is not owing to sbolitionisin, or inildelity, or any other oxtrinsio oausw, but to themecives, The mes of mon do not approach thei doctrinal opinions through the gate of abstruot reflection, when they fund themselves dethroning them saad setting up new sovereigns; it is by the avenue of expericnoe and in ths clear light of favcs that they extor into the Adytom of their thoughts, | wud lay iwenoclastio hands on their idol ideas. * * * . * * Who have been the bitterest revilors of the abo litioniste, even when the iufluenoe of their Inbors had wade the former gros# wick Incas of clerical very unwise aug isoxpedientt Wao tho teadiest vehicles of defamation and lies? Men i pulpits, aud having the control of the religio prers. And, now, who is iat justify the avomi wable slave-catching law, that stand ready to bless blave-catebing iuge, +h passive obodi- ence and noa-revistauce to wicked laws wicked but the great leaders of the denomi nm, and Clay, aud hangman Foote, shine as wuchers when trarted with the black ia snornl : | fumy of such men as 1D | for they do nov pr cated avery of —but a political neoessity. ' * Itia with religious a8 with polities pri 00d must cither prevail or go to the wall. und slavery can no more be ed together than God aod mammom We must hold to the one and deny the uther. Slavery has well nigh perverted the political principles of the country, and made men reject the very ideas which first breathed the breath of nationality into its nostrils. It has goue nea to make thoi deny the Lord that bought them, nud to ample wader their feet the religion they profess to wear nea ir hoarts. As a people, they have done this. They have put the Will of & set of puny beinge, scarce six fect high, ageinet that of him that hoideth the universe ia the hollow of hiz hand. * * * ‘The facts of slavery are becoming daily better and better understood, and « senve of their own com- plicity is fast sinkin deeper and deeper in tho Kort hern mind. A public sentiment is thus in the process of creation which will compel our pe mon at Washington to make such protestations a will effectually ruin their hopes from the South, in spite of the acta by which y are ewift to contra- diet them, The time is o ¢ when selfish am- bition will eco that the prizes at which it grasps can only be gained over the doad oareass of slavery, or in @ Northern republic freo from its insidious power. THR NRW Erocn. It is not only true that ‘every moment is the meeting of two eternities,” but also that every suvsh point of meeting is @ crisis in the dostiny of individuals and nations. But there are times whon, as in popular belief, the tenth wave of the ovean awells highest upon tho beach; urged by the hurryin, weight of the impationt wavos behind, the force o impending events rolls thundoring in one of those surging billows of destiny which leaves ite mark far up the strand, and — — for ever tho boundaries of empires. [t cannot be denied that one of those swelling eurges, pregnant with fate, may bo ducerned blackening our far horizon, and sweeping on, in sublime silouce, towards tho coast on which it is to dash and write its imperishable re- cord, The approach of one of those epochs from which history dates, has been long lool for by those who watch the signs of the times, and ex- 5 io heralda that are witering tacig mos- | pected by the tyrants with dread, and by the (hat proclaia d with joy. Biveoe of importa tis) in the. ey of * * 7 © they had come to pass, aud the ripe eee the fruit 1s discerned in the gredusl of the germ. The next epoch for the bed — ert a oe Gi the abolition of and on earth Ib there net the proclaim. earth distress of nations, with perple: othe and the waves roaring?” Have aA waters of this nation been boiling like a or three years, and only because the angel slavery had come down and troubled them’? Veri- , that angel will not go up from them until ice shall have again descended from heaven to in Ts the delusite OUR DUTY. ‘We havo clearly perceived that the most di- rect and sha sely practical way of approa: slavery in this country, was by denouncing tl compact which exists only by virtue of baso concee- sions of aid and protection to the chief enemy of the human race, and demanding a political revola- tion, which w: separate tho people of the free States from their ty complicity with the slave | power, and deliver the slave from tho fatel which leads them to oling to the system which be their ruin. When the full time shall have come for the birth of this revolution, men will not be wanting 26 ballot boxes, in senates, or on battle fields—if need be—to give it ite free course, that it } may run and be glorified. * * * * * * * © The aboliticn of American slavery, lot it come in what sbape it mar, ill be a revolution, for i will :adically alter the foundations of goveraments, | and cause them to be builded upanew. The course which we have advisedly pursued, is the one by which a'! revolutions have beon brought about. The change first takes plave in ihe ideas of a nation, aad the revolution is but tho Peers of chan; into the outwaed world. Ali institutions are but ti external manifestation of the thoughts of the maintaining them. Change the thoughts, opinions, the ideas, and the old things straight be- come new. Thus itis that all human affairs are im a constant state of transition—of flux and efflux; and thas it is that the great problems of human exis tonce and of social condition are to be worked out. | This obango in the thoughts, opinions, and ideas © the Amerioan people, as co the rights of the slave and their participation in the guilt which he robbed him of them, and the eee a nodifion- tion of external things which must follow it, will be worked out. ‘The herald will go forth the will of God before it takes unto itself thoshape of emancipation. The breaking of overy cobain, aad the oj of the prison doors to them that are bound, must be harbingered by a voice orying the wilderness, warning men to repent and from the wrath to come, 44 the Baptist went befo: the face of the Messiah. It is not for us to 6a; whether this shall be dove or not; for it is ordain not of man but of God. But we are free to dovide whether or not we will be co-workers with God this matter. Whether the coming ofthe day of liverance shall be hastened by our fidelity, or r by our supineness—whether we will accept the glorious task offered to us, or leave it to other hands—perhaps to another generation—this task ia none other than the reformation of the cruelty, selisbness, cowardice and folly of the American heart and mind, which underlie and sustain Ameri- can slavery. This is the work appointed to the mom banger en Seanad f it be not done by ws, yetit will be done in spite of us. Let us see to it that wo are faithful to our great mission of re- forming the nation’s institutions by the reforming of its heart. to our crowning priviloge of helping te deliver the slave from his chains, and our couatey and the cause of self-government throughout the world, from the bitter reproach of his presence. aoe Fs The Mormon Colony on Beavor Island. THE REIGN OF KING STRANG—THE OFFICERS OF TUK LAW ON HIS TRACK. (From the Oleaveland On. Herald, May 2) ‘We have a community of Robinson Crusoes much Bearer us than most people think for. Two days sail ands the adventurer on Beavor Island, in Leke Michigan, a8 completely cut off from the werld dur’ ing nearly half the year, aa was Crusoe. Thore he 1 find a branch of the Mormon ohurob, undsr the prophet Strang, who claims to be the true suoces- sor of the murdered Josepn Smith. Jesse has ga- thored quite » community in that isolated spot, and, judging from the tone of his organ, the Northra Islander, be inends his people shall enter upon and ocoupy the adjacent islands of the inland sea, on the Peimorple that “might makes right.” Boavor and the group are described as fortile and “4 a to the “2 Se a tural purposes, and in the mi Eihories of Mba lakes. The Northern Islander states that 16,000 barrels of fish wore abi from thom the past season. Saint James is the name of the Mormon town, and a large omi- ration to Thy yer for os seen. ‘arrea Yost invites the “ gathering” ermon try. ‘The first verse rests — 5 = O, come, all ye saints, without lor dolay ; Chase wp to Big Drove, for tala ts the wap? ® ‘To build again Zion, the sainta blest abode And suobor your souls in the kingdom of God. ce ‘The Northern Islander also exhorts to the thering” :— “Ho! ALL Y® LANDLESS! Come up to the islands and receive a perpetual is- heritaace for yourselves aad your posterity. There is rich and beautiful wild land here, which will not float away, and you can have an abundance, without moucy and without price. Load 6 ting is abolished here, by giving each man enoagh for his own use, without price, and treating sll #6 frauds upon heirs, and therefore nullities. There is laud enough in tae world for all the people, and God made it; who shall devy eash of his croatures #ssbareT It is not done here.” From tho close of navigation, last fall, to the firat of April, no mail had boen received st Beaver island. Tho Jslander, bowever, claims that the “Saints” bad a good time of it in visiting, feasting, and dancing. This season sailing packet is te run every week to Mackinac, and a large vessel is to make regular trips up and down tho lakes for the sony Aap of iumbor, &o. Tae Dotroit Adver- tiser lotters of late date, which show an unsot- ted etato of affairs in Strang’s duminions. As the winter Wore on, the idle Gevermen became trouble- | Some to Strang, and ho had & whipping p ost ereoied | for the punwhment of thoro why spoke reproaoh- fully of the Saints oad tho Propnet, or qnostioucd his right to rule. Tho lettors etute that several per- | Some were cruclly whipped with fifty lashes upon | the bare back with beach aad hickory rods. Terre i spread among those romaining upon the bedienss enforced. A man 4 a, booomiog disaf reupon hit property, ami persona’, was deviared conficonted, and Whe given to anethor, by virtue of a royal edict. During the wintor, Moore revurned upoa th A and attempted to regain possession of Ouse and goods, but was compelled to flee fur his life. He was pursued by Strang, but was resouod amd dufendea by 2 small party of Ii , with whom he remained and passed tho winter. Upoa the epening of uavigation, Moore obtained proves ab Mackiiao sgamet Ste and taking the shociif, with & posse of fifty well armed Jaden warri at to the Leaver to make arrosts. Strang, how- ever, apied ent their appr moh, and suspéotiag their object, and with the royal exumples of Chaos IL and Louis Philippe betore his eyes, fod nnaw, and took refuge on & emull island somo ten miles dis tant. From this piace ho was deiven by the sheriT and bis aboriginal forces, who, at our Invest ad- vices, (Aprit 11,) were siil! in fall pursult, baving coptured a large yawl, seve! stands of arms, aad & quantity of military storvs beloaging to hw Ma- esty. Ivrerestin@ rrom 7 Laxn Surerion Corree Rearcy.—The Clorelaad (hiv) dleradd, of the 24 inetwnt, speaking of the op: ning of the co; mina on Lake Superior, sayw— The selebiated Clif tine looks better thaw ever. A wriver says: “In the bottom drift, south, thero is » mass of copper abo 1s fifty feet im length, extoudiog as far as driited south, n oa oue oe thick, appareatly pure. is alvo another mass, a little uoris, weighing fil tong, whioh is now being cut up. ‘There'is also = other mass in the north vad of the bottom drift, ex- tending to the end of the drift north, and thirty feet in height. Tho sheet is p+re, and about cig! inebes thick. The other parts of the mine look will, and there is now a large amount of stamp work on the surface,” The mines in the Ontoma- gee country are yielding well. Somefourteen hare en opened, part of them rich. At the Norwich mine, near the roupine mounteia, a vein bas been etruck from a foot two cighteoa inches thick, nearly pure copper. ‘T'wo miners and three laborers have got out sixty tons of coppor. The Northwestern uw working a vein four feet thick, of rich barrel and stamp work. The North Aaer will ship about two hundred tons of copper the coming season. The Ontonagon country is improv- ing Lo pays Plank, and eveu railroads, are talked of, and ® gentleman is geting out lumber to builda simal! rteamboat to be used to tow flat bottom beats up the Outonagon to Knapp's Landing, » distance of about twenty-five miles. There is quite » —— at the mouth of Ontonagon, containing three pub- lio houses, eight stores, Ko Political Intelligence. Comsronicur Leaimatver.—The Legisiatare of Com- Recticut awembled a¢ Linrtford on the Oth inst. The tiost important business will be the election of a Senator in Congress, and from a majority on that ride, It is pre- bablo the choice will fall to the democrats, Col. Wm. 1. Yancey has beon nominated by the com. ior Goagrens td toe lnestonesonn, Ain Comgresstonal Sereeslonal fia for Congress, in tl (eict, now represented by ‘hr, UAilerd.