The New York Herald Newspaper, April 19, 1851, Page 6

IMPORTANT FROM SOUTH CAROLINA. PROGRESS OF SECESSION. Spectal Correspondence. Ctapieston, 5. C., April 12, 1851. South Carolina Politics—The Question of Secession —Te Policy of Going it Alone—Approach to the Crisis of the Game—Kffect of Recent Events im the North wpon Southern Opinion—The Danger of Sewartism tothe Safety of the Union. Tam now here, and I find that the first great movement in favor of secession will be made in this city. 1 understand a general meeting of all the State Right Associations takes place here early in May. Here is the first step. Judge Butler’s only objection to seceseion now is, that the federal government will nos go to war. If they would the South would come to the rescue. If the gevernment does not, South Carolina may be starved iato submistion. That is what he fears. You may, however, very safely put on the steam. Secession is pretty hot yet in South Carolina, and ahe is bouad to do something. Will South Carolina secede? Will she, against the decisive action of Georg: the resolutions of Virginia, and the acquiescence of all the other to be withbeld from the close of the tone eee gress. By that time, it is thought, Congresa will donate the to the Hupfetnight ago” Major Tochman, attorney and fortnight Major Toe! 1» a counsel Bot the Beles ot General Rosci ), Wished b |. To this Major Tochman replied that, srigpaniy, be had the power of attorney from all the heirs o! sciusko, and as- sociated with himself Messrs. Fendall and Bradley, im order to have Shots logs assistance; that after Messrs. Fendall and entered with him, as associates, their namee on the docket, they chose to accept of proposition trom M. de 0, to ob- tain for them a new of attorney directly in their name; that this circumstance reaulted in the dissolution of the association with Messrs. Fendall and Bradley, and that consequently, the last mon- tioned gentlewen obtained thro the agency of Bodisce a power of attorney from some of Major ‘Tochman’s clients, which superseded his original authority. But therame persons subsequently re- yoked the power of attorney so obtained from them by Messrs. Fenda!! and Bradley, and eeengnges Major Tochman’s legal services. He had cw to be served on these gentlemen his new power of at- torney, and never ex) acing eam again to interfere with the cases, he allowed them, through courtesy, | to stand on the docket. But his motive for this | being misunderstood and not ideo he moved | that their names be stricken off. This gave rise to Southera States in the late Compromise measures; willahe, single handed and alone, withdraw, or de- liberately estempt to withdraw, from the Union; and set up, or attempt to set up, a foreign govern- meat to the rest of the confederacy, almost within the hewrt of the United Sta At this juneture, this is the single absorbing issue pendi Carolina, aad by all means, and for all purposes, in every view, the nt to the Union, and to every State of the Union; and of paramount mo- impor meat to the best interests of mankind the wide world ove Reduced to its ultimate conse- queace isene pending in a single State, of secession or submission, involves the breaking up of our whole federal system, and the desees religion, and society, to a system of civil war, mili- tary deapots, military elections, and such a history of military buteheries in the dissolution of the States of Greece, or in the breaking up of the empire of Rome. In truth, it is easy t imagine that, in the dissolution of this Uaioa, a state of war and auarchy would almost inevityp!y follow, more nearly approaching tho horribie atrocities of the French Revolution. Have we not among us in the North, (thank God there tunity, ne levellers, the agrarians, the socialisties Fourievites, red republicans, as good as the best Parisian? From these spluttering destructives, and from the abolitionists and free negroes, where would be the peace, the hope ot peace, if once the strang, conservative, law enforeing, and ee. preserving bonds of this Union are a? There would be no peace, no law, no order. The South would, of necessity, com: bine iato onfederacy; the North would necessai'!) lose all its present commercial advanta- ges with the Southern States; and it is next toim- ib) ve the boundaries conld be settied between the sections, or the rights of both ned, without a tinuous state of war, shall have five or six confederacies, cach under a milltary President, till ousted by the bayo- net under seme other imilitary leader aspiring to Presidential honors. Divuvion locks to these things; the secessionof a single State will be divunion; and yet the question, the single, solita ing ia tae State of South Carolina, is the of secession. Will she secode? To secede is to go out; aad to go out, now, is to * go it alone. she go out, and go it alone ! not so, why all this preparation, why all these threate and warnings, these civil and military or- ganizations, these freguout speecaes to the people ? why the election of this State Convention, which is to decide the question, and which is ten to one tor secession t ‘The-e are important interrogatories, and for th» bencetit of the Northern readers of the Herald, we poe to give you from the spot, and from the st information on Land, a series of letters on the general question, and upon the numerous and in- teresting incidental ea involved in the general In doing this, we propose to show is still danger to the Uni that there is yaremarkable and alarming unanimity b ‘olina in favor of secession; plausible » of incerest, of State question upea it—rensons « pride, aad Ww “be able to prove, that to Thorlow Weed, and Horace New York, and to their detesta- ble, disorgaunizing, and ruineus principles, if South Carolina does secede, we shall, for that result, be most largely inde! he eyes of the world, thai flattering testimen ¢ ability and stability of republican confederacies, will be set down to the abolitionists of all the various stripes, and to the New who have led them on. will justify herself is a “ higher ion, self-pre- if she is to be a “ higher law” in e ground th: in the North ¢ or at least, d . becomes of 1 Wirle in t is superseded by Seward’s come what nay. And form to determine, is not s of #, or resolutions as meek irginia revolutions. No; she ix whether she will secede now, or wait till Seward's “higher law” myel other Sonthern States to range them- secdenio defiance ber side. South Carolina may secede : of things in th 3 a de- of mi. She but yt she witl adopt some aystem of retalia- the abolitionists, and the abolition North. Inthe Union, she will cer- co-operation of the other Southern lly of the sh command their *ymp as Texas did ugainst Mexico In a merchant of good informa first two weeks of March, Paltimore gained addition to her port of New } port of Charlestoa an rom th of $7 ucted from the » extended and par: at dgefi idea of what * and Mr. Rhett, the ov of this on the at, will g ny in South it in vome remarks delivered The t af the nowy n the wake of y n to be w foregone cour 1 rhort time we ex Peet the iove to be attled. Iti ming apidly to that point Our Washington Correspondence. Wa ron, April 15, 1951 TH warnteper—Plaladdphit Custom Hor Ujhosy ond iis Hungarian Compaums—Kommsko Case, $e. Ge. One of the most important questions which will tay the capacity of the cabinet of Mr. Fillmore, ir patriotiam, is the all-absorbing one of on Whieh much interest depends, and whic’ is destined to affect so many changes in th It i¢ known here that Mexico has od b civilized world. not yet acted on the tr the Senate of the Unite becan ¢ of the added se guarant tenet of Garay, who disposed of it to Americans Not withstanding the sai experience of Mexico, she ti leans to England, and desires that Mngland shall have the lion's share of the benefits to be de- rived from the contemplated railroad, The United Mates, however, ca meat We havo the treaty, and cannot be local prejudices of the If che has wirdom, she will show » evidence of good faith, and not conlesce with Eng- land, een greater advantages would ensue to ber hy @ more intimate jelu: onship with the Usited ™t iy ¥ A few tray pa te arecirewlating in this city; seame of them are copies of the deteuce of Mer Lewis, Collect the port of Philadelpbia, aad others the reply of Charice. (Hibbous to the argnn f David Paul Brown, with an appendix containing the statement of the How. James Cooper, in anawer to the narrative of Wm. D. Lewie, All thie ia bout the lowrer and fie: tom Howe. The Vr out off the howds of t give thot plaves to ‘The tracts on which Governor Ujbary and his in the Philadelphia Case dent m think proper to iuewmbents, and companions bare settled, in lows, are, by request, | ation of every thing sacred in government, | are but faintly illustrated | none in the South.) watching their oppor- | , absorbing question now pend- | ul | If so, why so? and if | sons for acting | y ¢ Union, she abides by the | t listen to any such arrange- | an argument on both sides, which consumed several days, and on Saturday the court decided in favor of | Major Tochman. ‘Thus ended the controversy | which has oce: i the press and the halls of Con- | gress during years, as to who has the right to | represent the heirs of Kosciusko as their counsel. Next week, probably, the issue which gave ocea- sion to that motion will be taken up for trial, which is expected to be very interesting, as the object will be, as we learn, to establish the legal domicil of General Kosciusko at the time of his death, which will throw light on the political history of the illus- trious deceased. Several natives of Poland, who | feured in high stations during the revolutions of | that ill fated country, will be examined as witnes- | ses. ‘The Hon. Reverdy Johnson and Major Toe! man, will appear as counsel for the heirs; Kichard S. Coxe, Esq., for Mr. Arm: ng, claiming to be a | legatee; and Mr. Morffit, for the administrator of the estate (Lewis Johnson). Caertan. Wasutneton, April 16, 1851. so-culed Repullic of Costa Rica — Bulwer's Latest Importation... | The affairs of Central America are assuming a | very singular, complicated, and interesting aspect, | particularly in their relations to the United States. One year ago, it would have been easy to have driven England from the territories, which, under one shallow pretext and another, she had usurped —casy to have quitted the internal disturbances of Central America, fomented by British in- trigues—easy to have secured a new and perma- nent federation of the States, and to have given sound American influence an enduring ascendancy in the country. Had the cabinet of General Tay- lor firmly seconded the policy of that good old man, | had Mr. Clayton possessed sufficient decision and | fearlessness of character to carry out the surges- tions of his own be ter judgment, this whole mat- ter would have been satisfactorily and permauently | disposed of. The American Minister m that coun- try, acting up to the =pirit of his instructions, the spirit of the age, an the temper of the American people, pursued a line of conduct which only needed the Theat 'y co-operation of the government at Wash- ington, to have brought affairs to a favorable issue. When the United States had really aroused her. If, England, almost for the first time in her history, receded from her positions. She had seized the magnificent Gulf of Fonseca, the inevitable western terminus of the inter-oceanic canal, when- ever that work shall be built, and commanding not | only all the States of Central America, but the whole Pacific coast, and she surrendered it the instant she discovered « deter mined and active disposition on the part of the Unit »t> . And the London Times, in common with nearly all the leading presses of England, alarmed at the course of events, | at once called for the abandonment of the Mosquito | shore, and all other obnoxious pretensions in Cen | trat America, as the only mode of avoiding a | collision. That was the favorable moment for'ac- | tion. The public sentiment in the United States was undivided, and the cabinet of England wavering. But at that moment, unfortunately for the honor of the United States, deplorably for Central Ame rica, Sir Henry Bulwer, the most adroit agent of almerston, Wae sent as minister to Washington. The sequel is known. He affected the saint to- wards Mr. Clayton, talked of a community of in terests between the United States and Great Bri- vdly and lachrymose,—yes, —and Clayton, whose habits d to sharpen ‘his wits, really thought he hold of a man “green, but honest” and | had when Uriah talked of «treaty, and mutual gusraa- | tees, and the Lord ouly knows what other not chuckled inwardly and made such a treaty terms, a treat, A dexterovs equivocation on a convention of con- Clayton really suppos- and heels out of Cen- Bulwer and Palmer- a party with a paper puzzle, Pehich ” Mr ngland ec America, but which tral ston affirm, makes the United State: them in the grand national felony which they have perpetrated on the Mosquito store, in Balize, and the island of Roatan. ee : How loug Clayton might have remained in this hap elf-delusion, no one knows ; but he had the scules removed from his eyes one cool morning, by reading in the Herald an intercepted letter trom Uriah, to his cou! te Chatfield, in which he at least by imp! whole governmer in Uriah’s judgment, and u had a right s pronoun ally, Uriah think so atter his ntly cons The quis d latter called vocated, deni having written something like it short, yuvietion on ‘s mind that he had written the letter, The tou dered awfully, and left the firm Mr Clay ave the best means of | was now to get rid of smothered his wrath, avaiting the © ‘ t Sir Le him the coup, a’ la Poussin. me letters about the tariff, which the haatily sent to Congress, under the impr ion that would raise, le could dis, t, and insult That, howev ht Mr. Clayton re: have found means of getting rid of Uria account only are we sorry he didn’t r But we are g g off from not to give history of the » the latest movements of Sir Henry ate into his » the polities! a very shrowd an gentleman, who hax been number of years pret, treet and the European from Ame ion ntra kind roving ate hipin ( 1 this g nsibly ister Plenipotentiary, Have and th dinary, linery, partieular, knows what not «, from Costa Riew United Stat ut really playing into Sig EJ ix. The advantage G: itch & confederate in ptra! American We have some of the first-fruits of his labors in a series of articles in the National Intelligencer, (x 1 the way, which never yet took the Aimeric tter from Vhilad of any question) and in a published in the Meruld, and which we ha written by a member of juivate families « gee from that co The design of these let now a re States. Lowry which ix felt for N San and Honduras, (the only States in Contral America which pioserve even so muuch as a form of republicaniom,) by the people of this couatry, and by representing the to aid in from which Engl as hostile to a re ping up t nd and her emisearci thing to gain. For, if Central Ame firmly united, the chances of successful aggressions upon the States of Honduras, San Salvador, and Nicara- gua, the only ones whic sition, are om their geographich po- b importanee, are very much di- ntirely destroyed * ore particularly indignant upon a t of this paper, subseribing hr elf for styling Costa Kies a “ Britieh colo- yrreepondent i# competent to take care |. "The pretence that it wae his intention vey the idea that Costa Kies isa Hritich f 1 corresponde | & Penem nifectation, and wi expended on that point, therefore, amounts ty noth- i} Froeta Kica has vow @ population of about 1,000, ometbing les than that of the city ot Brooklyn. Until afew years ago, it was a i‘ ant trac. tion of Coutial America, although it had the dig fn State under the old federation. lo rome trade, and a certain degree of os apd ically, it i# a mere dictatorshi “ | longing to the old seevile, of arittocratio outa . 254:-—"* The Stat of San Salvador, pes A, gh at Nici cae aragua pe governments, legally elected; and (iuate- mala and Costa Rica ‘absolute and self elected go verpments.”” Tt was in Costa Rica that Mirazan, the last Presi- dent of the old republic, the best and ablest man which Central America ever prod and the last yillar of the confederation, was shot in a cowardly cruel manner. sul uently, when Eng- land seized San Juan, Costa Kica, under English instigation, acknowle: the Mosquito savage a3 a govere! ina revel with Mr. Chris- ty, British Consul, its dictator Castro, publicly re- gretted that he had not a daughter whose hand h might bestow upon thiy breechless sambo. This same Castro was raised to power by the soldiers of the Quartel General, corrupted with money, in op- position to the wishes of the people of the country, andin open, and flagrant violation of the constiti tion. He was sustained by Flores, absconding President of Ecuador, and notoriously a stipendary of Palmerston. At was this man who sent Mr. Molina, the pre- sent “minister” to this country, to England, to ne- gotiate for British protection, Mosquito. Our government, learning the fact, instructed Mr. Ban- croft to inquire into the plan, and, if possible, to defeat it. Ile saw Molina, who denied any such intention; yet, at that instant, a project to that effect was before the foreign office ; Mr. Addington, Under Secretary of State, officially informed Mr. Cartillon, Minister of Nicaragua, of the fact, and told him that oy attack on Costa Rica, by} would call for English interference, ‘bi the former State was under the protection of the british crown.” The interference of the United States, and the turn of affairs in Central America, promoted the consummation of this plan. Mr. Molina, however, in part compensated for this failure, by negotiating whole batch of con- tracts with parties in England, for loans, coloni tions, and finally for a can: The last he had the audacity to grant, in its entire extent, through Nicaragua; an impudent claim toa large slice of its territories having been previously set up! ‘This claim has just about as much foundation, as if ithad been made to Long Island. He is now here, in pursuance of the same ob- jects; and to acoosspiieh them, assaults, open and direct, are made upon Nicaragua, and the other States of Central America, erng devoted to repub- lican institutions. It is alledged that they are the aypasente of a confederation—that they are the obstacles to progress. This slander is best dis- proved by the fact that they have already united, and have invited the other States to join them on terms of perfect equality—which, however, they have evinced -no disposition to do, but have co-operated with Chatfield and his serviles in their efforts to break down the union. The in- tercepted letters of Flores, of Pavon, and others, the direct and constant attacks upon the very principles of confederation, in the offisial papers of both Costa Rica and Guatemala, are conclusive upon this point. Any professions to republicanism by the murderers of Morazan, or their representatives, are Mypometiieal and audacious. ‘The feeling of nationality in Central America is strong; it pervades the people with scarce an ex- ception, and is opposed only by the old monar- chists, the Anglo-serviles—a miserable minority, who could not exist for a day without the open aid of Great Britain. Our Canadian Correspondence. Toronto, April 9, 1851. George Thompson— His Abuse of the United States— General Inteligence—Lafontaine’s Retirement, §'c. 1 have already supplied you with an outline of the principal points advanced by George Thomp- son, at the commencement of his campaign in this city, on yesterday se’nnight. Since then we have nightly had a ‘‘demonstration” on the same sub- ject, and are to have the grand finale to-night. At the outset, only three meetings were contemplated, to each of which a York shilling was charged for admission. The exhibitions took wonderfully. Tho capacious St. Lawrence Hall was crowded by sim- pletons, male avd female, who paid with alacrity to hear their own righteousness oxtolled, and that of their neighbors most unrighteously abused. The reeeipt of 1,000 Yorkers night was a temptation not to be resisted by gentlemen “ whose kingdom is not of this world,” and an extended programme was accordingly prepared to bring more fish te the net. Even pious avarice may overreach itself, and so Geerge Thompson and his confreres havo by this time learned. On Monday night there was a terrible falling off; and last night the wordy representative of Tower Ilamlets iscoursed most sweetly to w beggarly account of empty benches. in his speech on Monday, and vindicated direct interferenee by the Canadians, in the question of slavery. Le referred to Daniel Webster's correspondence with the Austrian gov- ernment, to show that America claims the right to interfere with other countries; and he maintained that if the civilized world were to deal out the measures to the United States which Mr. Cass re- commended towards Austria, the States would just- ly be cut off from all international intercourse, ex- cept with barbarian vast night, Thom; outdid all his former ef- forts, in the way of abusing the clergymen and poli- ticians of America. He averred that in your coun- try slavery has converted Christianity into an abso- lute curse, which cannot be too soon annihilated. ‘The worst enemy of freedom, (he said,) is the min- ister of religion, who declares that the institution was originally ordained by God. le went on to say—“All this is sheer hy poe Ido not believe there is one minister in the United States w be- lieves what he says. I know enough of ministers in that country to believe that they preach, de- signedly and wilfully, what they know to be false. These men deliberately go to their closets, and, for purely political and pro-slavery purposes, write ser- mons for the Sabbath day, which they all the while know to be palpably and damnably untrae.” Ac- cording to Thompson's showing, there are but two really christian ministers in the United States; one of these is the tic Theodore Parker, from whom he quoted approvingly a passage likening a Yankee to Judas Lseatiot, the only diffe by being, that the latter required 30 pi ver ere he heeame a murderer, while the former requires but ten. Ile branded the American confederacy as the foulest despotism that has ever existed, and declar- ed that ever since the declaration of independenee, and governmental tendency of the co’ downward. New York he cousiders Sodom and (iomorrah; its merchants, min and politicians, being the most infamous on the face of the earth. In such a place, an angel would be tarred and feathered, if he blew an anti- slavery trumpet. ‘The only holy spot in America, in his opinion, is the State of Vermont; and the piece of legislation in the Union is the Nallifieation law! Danie! Webster, once , was represented to have fallen lower than Thompson counselled for “ Old countrymen” in America came in for their share of abuse. The Irish, he said, wniformly rash tothe polls for slavery; the Svotsh, hanging be- tween prudence and piety, sell their souls for pot- tago, and eschew abolitioni«m; while the English retuse to participate in agitation on the subject For these backslidings, the judgments of heavea were invcked agvinst them. \ our readers will stand aghast at thie balde this Llasphemous. impi elem. y, thie home erable dew not mine Kev ’ mi it is Mr. Geo. 1s not been he n'a, the Union should, in his opinion, be with As far as Il can judge of the effects of all these gatherings,1 should say that they are discarded by 99 | out of every 100 of the citizens Toronto. The Globe continues to be the only paper which actually sthe mov t. Other and a influen- ate Thompson's violence, aud mptto interfere with Ame The Christin Guardian, the organ of the Wesleyan Methodists, is down ‘upon Thompson for his abuse of Americas religion, and the Homan Catholic Mirror may be expected to follow ou the caine tack. General Intelligence ix eeanty. It is now all bat certain that the Provincial Parfiam nt willr a t ble on the 2th of May, for a briet tormy pe- riod. At the commencement of last session, a bateh of reporters evoseed the lines, but they were hardly of the right sort, and were, moreover, newhat te. Good men will again have a chance, if be ground early. he rumor of La nd from revived. ji will in wll pr taine’s retirement from the lament, at the ondof the “uw, an import lity follow, wi nd the ¢ ant chan gard to Freneh Canadian influc cd liberal party. The official Gazette containe an opplication to the legielature for an act to in rate certain pers sthe Lake Superior ar ifie Railroad Company—a sort of rival to Whit- ney’s project. Asa to- AMERICAN, Mr. MeKay has mion a chipto ed the Am » feet long on fi et bre t depth of hroid— capacity 2000 tons, She will be # throe-decker. Larwcrne.—At Net . O8 Tuesday morning, from “a Wm Te crandail bere fine schooner venty tons, enlled the Jane She will hit foom Weeterly, and rie regularly between Pawcatne® and Brovtdeud, ander command of Captain Hall, farora: big Neco es the commander Of ber namecage, | vie | Aly THE MEXICAN CLAIMS. Awards made by the Board of Commissioners, OUB WASHINGTON CORRESPONDENCE. Wasiinaron, April 16, 1851. ‘The Board met this morning, and made the following order:-— Ontered, That interest at the rate of five per cent per annum be computed on all claims which have been al- lowed for property lost, or contracts unfilled (unless » different rate of interest was stipulated in such contract), from the origin of the claim to the 16th of April, 1851, when the commission will expire. The Board then proceeded to make the following awards, upon all of which the said five per cent is in- cluded, in compliance with the above order: zomeh Adams, ass’ee Wm. B. Grant $4,046 21 1,062 50 usee BE al Po Seer eigepeseete SSSSSSTSESEUNSSSRESSARSSE rs Somme 4 3 sf #8: Se concen aspen, pccno sas po mege s Frederick Bang j John Curtis, admr. Ab Win. W. Corcoran, ass'ee Joseph H, Lord Chauncey Child Hiram Couch... Samuel Collins Pierre Choutea James Cochran Henry Cheatham Thonias B. Cottre James H. Clay .. in Clairborne, Pal eee Ferdinand Clarl Franklin Chase... W.W. Corcoran, ass’ee Georg: Franklin Cooper, ass’ee Wm. Barton. John Christian .. ‘Ann B. Cox, ex’trix Nathaniel Cox. Daniel Collins... Richard 8. Coxe, trustee of Union Land Co, Same, trustee of Trinity Land Co. Lyman Dudley ......-..... James C. Duval, admr. Z. M. P. Duval George N. Downs and George 8. Owen. Francis Del Hoyo, admr, Francis Arenas. Michael Dougherty .. Geo. Do and Edwd. S. Van’ Winkle, asa'eos Win. 8, Parrott... ++ 83,000 60 David Douglass, 2.450 00 Lewis M. Dreyer... vesces O45 18 Anthony Dey, Wim. H. Sumner and Geo. Cur- tis, trustees of Galveston Bay and Texas Land ( 50,000 00 George East 6.000 00 J B. Faton 3,933 20 George B. Fi 5AaT 92 Jonathan Farnham. i 1,421 98 Wm. H. Freeman, admr. Edmund B Freeman. ‘921 40 Ara Fish 1,062 50 1.062 50 1.962 50 340 00 ; 625 00 Frederic Freeman. engeias 750 00 Nathan C. Folger, as#’nee Ubarles Guenet. 2,015 60 James M. Gutewoo!d...... - ‘600 00 John Galbwaithr, ass‘nee Franeis B. Webster. 480.00 Henry Gisner.. S635 00 John'k. Gary, adme. Louis P. Cook. 2816 66 George A. Gurdiner.... 560 00 Iraae Graham........-- 98,125 00 Franklin C. Gray 3.736 45 Benjamin Holbeook. . 887 50 Patrick Hayes. 6,192 56 William Homan Bay ANT 75 David Hull .. poner 500 00 Roderick T. Higginbotham... 4,405 00 Richard Harding. ; 00 Joba Hartshorn... . ; 2 1,458 00 Mary Hughes, admirx. George Hughes 20,000 00 Margaret P. Hallett, admtrx. John Hallett. 4.103 50 William B. Hate... oo... ccc B17 55 Joseph W. Henry 300 0 Louis 8. Hargous. 00 S me ie 2 James Johnston, admr. J. P. Wallace. S811 87 Philo B. Johnson......... 750 00 Insurance Co. Mereantile of N.Y D086 7 Insurance Co, Atlantic of Phila. . John C. Jones Jamuel Jobson. Bilas M. Knight Jamet J, Kendall. James Kelly... Sanforth Kidder : ; Anny Kelly, admx. Win. H. Lee Peter Kerr. Calvin J, Keith, admr. Abner Lane nina . Augustus Leftw ve Chins. It’ Kennedy... James Love, admr, Pallas Love ....... Ar ‘Thomas 0. Larkin. .. . . ‘Theophilus Labraere..... Aaron Leggett. as . George Latfier and Peter Lattter, ners of Wally and Laftter. . Saine, in their own right "" Wi. D. McCarty, ass ee John Woe Margaret Mende, adinx, Richard W. Meade Charles Mallory........ Stephen Mo: elaatecennaeahliecs Heaekiah D. Maulsby, admr. Geo G. Alford... 1.000 00 Malcom. a & Co. . or 1415 46 Henry Ma: Bouldin 4122) 62 Ano P Minh 6,000 00 12,600 00 15a, Jae. Meyer, ox'rs. Ane N pal and Bauking ( James O'Flaherty oo... cecccece eee Volney Ostrander Dorcas Pinm Rott. €. v Lewis Hf. Polock John Powell, ass'ce Thos, Powell... John Parrott ; Wa, 8. Parrott Jomes Reed Same, ass'ee Andrew Moore Same, # Frederick A. Sawyer admx. Robert Plumer Same, ass’ce Bennett & Sharp 4 Same. aee'ee Brandon, MeKenna & Wright Wm. Il. Rogers... Maude encen’ Simeon Remer John A. Robinee Willinm Richardson Benjamin T. Reed Frederie K. Radeliff, admr James L. Rudolph . Blisha Riggs........ . Jonah Rogers. admr. Augustus Rogers Fadward M. Robinson, ex'r Joseph F Nicholas Riearti John N. Swasry.... 1421 98 Jobn Smith 1.400 00 Sandford Stack, ex'r Jesse Craig 31 25 Norman Sherwoed 1,000 00 1 Slack and George W. Hathaway (one 4.820 21 J, adm'r Oran Sherwood, 10.971 15 and Jobn A. Heath 3.080 49 bn P. Sehatzell 6200 00 ‘jerve Burepenu, andy yr mile Suzcoena Adolphe Suzencait Freveh Strother £Uhu D. Smith Archibald Stevenson Charles Stillman Daniel B. Smith Samuel St, John Hisha I, Saulnier . Semuel Thurston, adan'r Henry Ry Rufus K. Turnage B. Thompson ‘ Thayer, admr James Treat gest = James Jeremiah C. Terry and James W. Angus ro) nM, Fogno ss... 0 | William J. Underhill 00 Menreh Ulsick Sidney Udall Cornelive P 332 Van Ness and Fran is A. Dickins Stavoren vi eel Ge 5 «ex Samuel Lowden , Gecrge ¥. Wether Nath M. Whitmore. » George Wolf... Andrew Wylie, Margaret 125 00 vw Simon Bradstreet x Elliot Ward see Francie Chet Total amount of awards Amount appropriated by Congress coe M2005 00 ce 2 000 00 ArrorstTMr sts ay Trin Gorens Ry and with the ad. and consent of the Senate rintendent of the fi Merry avd Danie WN. York or of the Phenix A Curtie Jr t Physician of the ’ Heep Willie K trong, of New York, Director in the Bunk ca Pablic —George P. Nelson, Joseph A. Nesse nd Kline Dusenbury, New York ichmomd; Chas F, (. Jones, avd irge W Von Borgen. Quegps 0” THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC. Our Mexican Correspondence. Crry ov Mexico, March 24, 1851. Free Trade in Mexico—Commercial Treaty with the United States. ‘This is my third letter of to-day. Itis, you wil, notice, chiefly suggestions in relation to the fiscal and commercial policy of Mexico; and though you informed me you preferred I should in my corres pondence give “news” and “facts,” rathor than , essays and speculations, I venture to depart from your “‘instructions” in this instance. You will find facts mixed up with arguments in this. Congress ia yet in session, but it adjourns on the Blast of this month, until the Ist of October next. 1 | believe that no new elections are held in the interim, | and that the same members compose the Congress at next session, but I am not cert: I will ascer- i tain, and advise you in a futuro letter; and also of | the features of the new elections, if any. President Arista has been engaged in an inves- | tigation of the difficult and perplexing question of | the “protective tariff.” Asin the United States, | so in Mexico, the manufacturers of cotton fabrics, , and some other articles, insist that it is the judicious | policy, and the duty of the government, to protect them from foreign competition, by imposing protec- tive or prohibitory import duties on fabrics of for- eign manufacture. The chief cotton factories here | are at Peubla, at Orizaba, at Queretaro, and at | Guadalajara. It is estimated there are from ten to | fifteen millions of capital invested in manufactures, | in the republic of Mexico. Most of the owners are Mexicans, but there are some Englishmen and other foreigners concerned in them. Sufficient cotton is not, at this time, raised in the republic to supply them fully, and it sells very high, generally for 25 cents per Ib., and upwards. ‘The’ deficiency is chiefly brought from New Orleans, under special permits from the government, the duty on which 1s about 44 cents per pound. Mexico could, by the exertion of great enterprise, industry, and care, raise enough cotton for her own consumption; and had they slave labor they could compete with our ' Southern States in some cotton market: The States on the Pacific coast, owing to their conti- guity to the Western coast of South America and the Pacific islands, and the Kast India and Chinese “4 | markets being nearer to them, might dispose of their raw cotton there to profit. But Mexico can- not expect to sustain her cotton manufactories at home, by any mere impost regulations till she grows enough of the raw material to supply them. For upwards of ten years past, in order to encour- age and protect their manufactures, the importa; tion of the finer cotton fabrics has been virtually prohibited by the imposition of a duty of 134 cencs per square yard; and the coarser kinds are prohi- Pitea intermsand absolutely. The Mexican fubries are chiefly of the coarsest kinds of cotton; and the protection chiefly affects the trade of the United States and England. It is well ascertained that it is impossible to pre- vent the English and American coarse cottons from being smuggled into this country. ‘I'he extensive and exposed sea coast of the republic on the Pacific, and in the Gulf, and the sparse population, (rather lawless, too, in their propensities) on the frontier of two thousand miles between the United Sates and Mexico, the peculiar adaptation of the country for facilities to illicit trade, the necessities of the peo- ple for such foreign fabries, and the unconquerable disregard of Le ish and American traders of all foreign impost laws, have caused smugglin, to be carried on to an enormous extent. The tnglish are the chief smugglers on the sea and gulf coasts. It is suy three-fourths of the coarse cotton goods consumed in thiscountry, are thus introduced. Con- sequently, the argument in favor of the prohibition, that it was a just and necessary measure of pro- tection to the Mexican manufaetures, is of no force, and the government loses the revenue, which it would receive from a moderate and reasonable daty only being levied. Besides, the practice of smug- gling these goods leads to contraband trade in every- thing else that can be smuggled, and all fair trade is thus interfered with and ruined. The honest and law abiding merchant, who respects and obeys the laws, and pays the duties, cannot compete success- fully with the smuggler, or those who vend his smuggled goods for him. But, like our “cotton jennies” of “Lowell” and “Fall River,” in the United States, the manufac- turers of Puebla, &c., in this country, do not, and will not, understand how their true interests can be consistent with those of the whole republic, which demand the removal of the prohibitieus I have men- tioned, and others of a similar character. It is no- torious that the manufactured cotton fabrics of Puebla and other places in this republic are not as ee those of the United States or of England. ‘he apparel made from the coarse cotton fabrics of Mexico will not lust the poor man more than a month or six weeks, while the imported article will wear several months. The depression of the manufactories, and the ir- regularities and uncertainties in all commerce here, caused by the prohibitions alluded to, and the con- sequent utter Senega Log the import laws, have oc- asioned great discontent throughout the republ ‘The abolition of the prohibitory duties, it is alley by those who oppore it, is unjust, ae their capital i ein the manufactories, was so invested, under plied pledge of protection. It is said’it will encourage the manufactures of ogland and of the United States, instead of “Mexican industry,” and this is qu 4a captivating argument with thore who | — to the surface of things. It is i the talk of our protectionists, who would sacrifice commerce, agriculture and ev thing else to their owm selfisn interests. Mexico may wisely encourage the ing of cotton, by levy- ing a moderate duty on the importation of raw cot- ton, and it would serve to promote the interests of those Mexicans disposed to grow it, while it would mental to the Southern States of our 3 ‘has without slave labor Mexico trival them in the European market; but if it lifferent we should have no ground of com- plaint. Raw evtton is an article not easily smug- led without detection. But the wisest policy of Mexico as to most mihutuctured articles is the Tree trade poliey, or erate ad valorem duti She cannot, for half a century to come, compete with England, with the United States, I'r nh her old countries in but very few manuluctures, and especially inthe manufacture of cotton and woollen goods, that require intelligent and cheap labor, mechanical aud artistical skill and experience, which cannot be acquired for a lang time. The exports « are gold, silver, dyewoods and stu digo, hides to these might be added, it her pe t themsel » Segars, sugur, nearly all the n rive and wheat and ludian whineal, , r f the earth as an agri- cultural country. She never can be a great manu- facturing or navigating nation. Iler wealth is in her soil, its minerals, and its products, and in the profitable dispos tion of them to other nations. } have been thus diffuse on this subject i ing her th ray n sion, the puted to attend it are Messrs. Mujica, Furlong & ret, three worthy and intelligent g t Veubla, and indeed leading citizens of the repub- +, of high character and great wealth. Th tlemen have protested against the abolit prohibitory duties. Their remonstrances ha aan weight, and exceedingly embh % ene liberal erty: The Sexaty ave Hol prepared fully to un- dertake the task of reform Voldly and y but they will be at the next session. It has b suggested that a law giving liberal unties” ont of the public treasury to the growers of ton, and to the manufacturers, may compen- sate them for their sacrifices for the general goo, and encourage them to more in ed cultivation and manufacture. Certainly th « the fairest, most open, oard mode of giving en- couragement and 7 in our own coun- try I should be rej 1 eXpress and un- equivocal constitutional prohibition of all other indls of protection, by federal legislation. I should ne Willing to see this kind allowed, noweve id be little danger from it of partial, sectional, lation, (even by the log rolling sys- tem,) to any very grest extent, and for« long time. The people would not submit to it. They would see, and feel, and understand, what they paid to monopoliste. They could not thus he deceived by the specious but delusive representations of the pro- teetionists, and the corrupt to aid them, as to the effects and operat or protective duties. They could not then wheedled and beguiled into the fanciful notion that the system was for their “ultimate and their ‘real interests!" Teretofere many have been argued into the convietion, that it really ta money out of their pockets, to be compelled by law to pay # Yankee broad cloth manufacturer $9 per )ard for cloth, which, but for euch law, they cor get of the English or French for ¢2 60; and they ave been misied also into the belief, that the $2.50 went into the treasury, and not inte the pock- cle of @ claes of non-workers, ving little sympa- thy with the masses; ae if ina! the tax payers do not bear the burthen. They would thea not be defrauded Ly falee pretences. Hounties, of ourse, should not be allowed retro. Ysa pn but show! ed Loe on articles need of manufactured after t nee ee Wj We have paid millions of dollars for | pact years, indirectly to the Now on all salt qsed by (hom was retugged by law. ti ing them. ang kerel and cod fishermen. Tho duties Es ry peat te was a fruitful and imposition on tho treasury, wish at leisure examine into ves wash grower, a a or wi peetuons or I would ; ize, by : itutional wol nize, express st vision, the power of Con, ay ya hace Ps importatiog of any product or manufacture of country, when necessary to countervail or proper as ® measure of national policy otherwise ; but I would never prostitute pervert the revenue ar s The facts, ‘stated in this opiatlo, as to the policy of the new administration here, must show to you the xpecially now, a representative of the first class as to intellect, experience, attainments and stateyman- shrewd, and industrious, and vigilant. He shoul be acquainted with the commercial interests of the who could enforce tho mutual sdvasionss of & libo- ral policy by both cogently. He should, in princi- against Mr. Letcher. He is not here. I do not know him. I think he was regarded as a protoc- from. I presume the present inistration will not take ary great pains to effect a liberal commer- has avowed himself against all ‘‘ reciprocity” trea~ ties squinting towards the free trade policy. If #0, law is yet im force. Wh; the public treasury as well as and also to ibit, by ‘dreet law, resin tions upon the commerce of such country, power for such pi high importance of having in Mexico always, and ship. He should be a practical business man, United States and of Mexico. He should be one ple, be “a free trade man. 1 shall say nothing tionist in Kentucky; the State, | believe, he hails cial treaty with Mexico. Mr. Webster,1 think, the British will get the start of us again here, and we shall not be able to make up our lee-way till « democratic administration comes into power. 1 would not commend to our pene ministers tha sniflling, sycophantic, Uriah Heep like ¢ ny of some I could name, as examples—making lov speeches to flatter and wheedle the populace ; nor would have an American minister practising obse- quions genuflections to tickle any court or auy peo- ple, for such things excite to the ridicule and deri- n of the knave or ass that attempts them. In the nited States this fate has befallen every foreign minister that has attempted to follow such course, and it will overtake all others hereafter who are silly enough to suppose they can humbug the Yankee nation, though they may now and then foot a vain politician ora silly editor. But there are some things about British diplomatists that should be copied by ours. They are vigilant, and as bold aud tenacious in promoting British “interests,” (whether “rights” or not.) as they are sharp in looking out with respect to them. Creat Britain may men without modesty, and who cannot even affect it; but she never sends sleepy hends nor leather pates, nor shallow jokers—nor ignorant uneducated mea, nor mere pedants, nor pompous mention, nor poli~ tical hacks without experience in hey jomacy, on important missions. Such cattle are less danger- ous athome. The United States should profit b. her example. You must not suppose anything | have said, is meant to apply to our logation to this overnment. I find it as popular, if not more popu- far, than any representatives of the United States here have been since Mr. Butler or Mr. Poinsett. In a future letter! will give you some account of the newspaper press in Mexico. Manuarran. Bank Note Redemption Law. An Act to amend the several Acts relating to Ines an ted Banks, Banking Associations and Individual Bankers. ‘The People of the State of New Yovk, represented in Senate and pr ec enact as. flies a Section 1. Section one of the act relating to the re- demption of bank notes, passed May 4th, 1840, ix hereby amended so as to read as follows : “See. 1 Every moneyed incorporation in this State having bunking powers, and issuing bills or notes of cir- culation ; and every banking association and individual banker. carrying on banking business under the act to authorize the business of banking, except those whose ¢ of business is in the cities New York, ay: 1yn, of Troy, shall, on or before the first day of July next, a] it an agent who shall keep an office in the city of New York, Albany or Troy, all circulating notes issued by sald corporation, a bP yclomes bepeans ese to «uch agent for paymont or rede: Sec. 2. Section four of the said act is 80 as to read as follows : “See. 4. Itshall be the duty of every such corporation, bankirg association, and individual banker out of the cities New York. Albany, Brooklyn and Troy, to redeem and pay on demand all circulating notes issued by such cor- poration, banking association, or individual banker, wa sented tor redemption or payment at the office of their said agent, in the city of New York, Albany or Troy, at = rate of discount not ¢xceeding one-q' of one per cent.” See, 3. Whenever an action shall be brought against any ineorporated bank, banking association,or individual banker, for the recovery of the amount due on any cireu- lating note or notes registered in the Comptroller's office, the payment of which shall have been dewanded at the banking house, or usual place of business of the de- fendant, if it shall apy on the trial or other- wise, to the court in which such suit is brought, that at the tim: sugh demand of payment was male the de- fendant offered im payinent the eizculating issued by any bank association or banker, other than the defendant's, which were at the time at par inthe city of New Yook, Albany or Troy, or a draft or drafts on any bank, association or banker in the city of New York, Al- bany ov Troy, or either of the samme, for the smount of the cireulating note so presented, with an affikavit, if re- quired, that such draft or drafts is or are available to their fall amount, to insure the immediate payment thereof on presentation, or in care any action shall be commenced upon such note or notes before the expira- tion of fifteen days from the time of the first demand thereof, ax above mentioned ; and provided such bank, assooiation or individual banker, shall be ready and pre pared to redeem such note or notes in the lawful money of the United States, at the counter or ordinary plioe of business of such bank, association or banker. at the ex- piration of said fifteen days from the time of the first do- mand thereof, with interest. then in either ease, the plain- Ufl in such action shall not recover any costs, fees or dis- burem-nts whatever aguinet the defendants, and shalt be entitled to recover no more than seven per cent in- terest, in lieu of all damages for the now-payment of the said circulating note or notes; but no interest shall be reeovered upon such note or notes in any action, wnless the plaintiff or holder thereof «ball have again presented the same for payment, at the banking house or ordinary place of business of such defendant, on or after the fifteenth busines day after euch first demand and before the twentieth day, and the defendant shall have negleet- aking shall be presented hereby amended ed and refused to pay the seme with interest t> that time, as aforesaid, And if suck bank, association ot banker, at the time of the first presentation of said cir- culating note or notes, shall have offered to pay current bank notes or drafts, or both, or either in the manner above provided, and shall, ot the time of the second pre- ntation, pay the amount of speh note or notes thus ds wile, in the lawful money of the United States, at their banking house or ordinary place of busi- then such bank, assoeistion or banker shall nut be d to have suspended or refused specie payment, within the meaning of any statutes authorizing proceed- ings for the dissolution of the charter of such bank, o« authorizing proceedings to restrain or enjoin the ordi- nary business of such bank, association or banker, nor |b bank, assoeiation or banker, in such ¢ be any other or greater damages for the non pay ment of euch cirewlatin te or contrary See. 4. The fonrth section of cha: sixty of the laws of eighteen hu omended by the first section the laws of eighteen hundred and forty. | peed mended so that it shall read as fi the me two hundred and and thirty-eight. re fer on lawful demand between th o'clock. at the place where euc payable, fail or refuse to redeem such note or notes in the awful money of the United States, the holder of sacl note or notes making «eh demand, may ¢ anse the rame to be sted, in one package. for non-payment, by @ notary under hit seal of office, im the usual manner, unless the president, cashier or teller of «uch bank shall offer to waive demand and notice of the protest, and shall, in pursuance of such offs, take, -ign and deliver to the party moking svn demun il, am admission in writing, stating the time of the demand, the * nt demanded apd the fact of the non-payment ena the Compirollor On feeelving and filing in < office such admission or protest, together with auch pote oF notes, shall forthwith give notice in writing to the maker or makers of such note of notes to pay thy same; and if he or they «hall omit to do so for ff days after such notice, thecomptrolier shall immtedia: ly thereupon (unless he shall be ratistied that there is a gved and legal defence against (he payment of «uch note or notes) give notice inthe Stete paper that all the cir. culating notes isaued by euch person or association will be redeemed out of t st funds in his hands for that purpose: and the Comptroller ehall be required to apply the sid trust funds belonging to the maker or makers of uch notes to the peyment pro rata of all the ciroulstii notes put in circulation by the maker or makers of dishonore:! notes pursuant to the provisions of this act, such measures for the payment of such notes his opinion ni%t gflectually prevent lose to the holders thereot, See. 5, The twenty-ninth section of said chapter two hundred and sixty of the laws of eighiwen hundred and thirty eight, is hereby amended so as to fead as fol lows fe . Such ociation or individual ban! pay the holder of every bill or note the payment of which shall have nd refused, at the Ly ator per per annum, from the time of such refusal until the payment of such evidence of debt thereon.” jothing contained in the third, fourth, and fifth sections of this act, eball apply to cases where circulatin: notes registered in the comptroller's office shall be pre- sented payment to the agent of any incorporate! bank, banking «sociation. or individual banker, appotnt- ed et to the provisions of chapter two handre and two of fhe laws of eighteen hundred and forty, eo- titled, “ An act relating tothe of bank ‘ nor toany bank, banking association, or individual ban! er, for whom there shall not be at the time an duty appointed, as prescribed in the said act; nor to banks, asrociations, or individual bankers, whose place of busi nese is in either of the cities of New York, Albany, Broog- lyn, or Troy. for non-payment thereof in liew of the rate of reven per cent Naval InteUigence 8. sloop.of- war Johp Adama, Com, Rarron, bes orders —_— Afries, vin Ma . .—Nine buildings, iacliding tw» hotels—the Nasawan and the Ametican— consume h Vy fgg on Wedmesgay night gud Thursday wrrning,