The New York Herald Newspaper, April 12, 1851, Page 6

ORIGINAL ARTICLES. ‘The Democratic Newspaper Press in the City ef New York—Its Changes and Decline. We have noticed the recent suspension of the mall daily sheet called the New Fork Globe, which thas been published the last three or four years, as the organ of Tammany Hall. [t was always a miserable concern, with a very limited cireulation— atone time, it was said, ouly amounting to about five hundred copies daily. During its transient and wretched existence, it had # succession of editors, and large sums of money were expended on the poor little thing, in the endeavor to sustain it, and thus enable the clique who raised the funds to flatter themselves with the wain hope of having « sort of contre] and influence in the democratic party. It is seid that an effort is now being made to establish another democratic paper on the ruins of the Globe, and that itis to be placed under the management of Mr. Casper C. Childs, who was once the proprietor of tho defunct paper, but sold out his interest in good time, to take care of himself. We have no idea that Mr. Childs himself will be disposed to risk much in the pronosed new paper; and if those democrats who are expected to contribute the funds are wise, they will * look before they leap,” before they engage in an enterprise which can do no good in the cause of the democracy, and must end, as other attempts of the kind have done, after a short career of the proposed journal, in a stoppage of the same for want of patronage, aud a loss to its pro- | jectors and backers. The truth is, the day of mere party papers in this commercial community, has gone b. nd if an in- quiry is made into tho history of American newspa- pers, it will be found that a mere political or party support bas been inguilicient to keep up, for any considerable length of time, the existence of any of the numerous daily papers which have been estab- lished from time to time in the city of New York. For the information of those democrats who are | about investing their funds in the project for estab- | lisbing « new Tammany Hall organ, we will briefly glance at the history of democratic newspapers in | this city, for the last sixty years. We do not pre- | tend to give a complete list of all the ephemeral sheets which have existed, or the editors who have figured for atime on the stage of polities. Our ob- ject is merely to notice the principal democratic pa | Pers which have been publisued here during the pe- | riod referred to. At the time of the adoption of the United States Constitution by this and other States, in 1788, there | were two political papers in the city, namely:—The New York Packet, published Samuel Loudon, which advocated the federal side, and the adoption | the constitution; and the New Fork Journal, by mas f, which was anti-federal, and op- posed the constitetion. Previous to the revolution, John Holt, and afterwards his widow, Elizabeth | Tiolt, published the New York Journal, which was a | whig paper. Greenleaf 8 New Yur k Journal may be considered the firet democratic, or anti-federal, paper published in the city There was also published for several years, the New Yok Darly Advertrser, commenced March 1, 1785, and printed by Francis Childs & Co.; Childs was charged by Oswald, who printed Mrs. Holt's Jovrnal, with a design to injure the widow, and there Was quite a newspaper quarrel between Oswald and Childs. The Neve York Jowrnal was commenced by Johu Holt, in 1766, as s weekly paper. Holt had published Purker’s Gazette, first in company with | Parker, aud afterwards ou his own account, from 1760 to 1766. The Journal soon had a very exten- sive circulation; it was seut to all who had been customers to the Guzetic, aud was generally received. Holt appeared disposed to retain both Parker's Gazdte, aud the purchasers of it, without due com- pensation to Purker. ‘The Jow-nid was a zealous | advocate fur tie caase of America during the revo- lution; it wes supported by many able writers, besides tiv editor; and it maintained its ground uatil the Pritisn army took possession of the city of New York in 1776, when the publisher of it removed to Kingston (Esopus,) and revived the paper at that place 10 July, 1777; when Esopus was burned — by the Buitich, in October, 1777, Holt removed to | Poughkeepsie, where he published the Journal until the termination In the autumn of 1753, it wae agaic piiuted in this city, and called The Independent Guzitte ; or, the New York Journal revivad. In Jauuary, 1734, it was printed upon a new and hanusome bourgeois type, and published twice a week, but Holt died before the close of that month. lic was a native of Virginia, rm eda good education, snd was bred to the mer ile lif He followed commercial pursuits for several year and was elected mayor of the ancient city of Wil liameburgh, Virginia; the society of which place, previous to the revolution, is so graphically de seribed by W im his life of Patrick Henry Being unsuccessful as a merchant, Holt left Vir- ginia, and went ty New Havea, Connecticut, where he connected bimeelf with James Parker, of New York, in the priuting business, and established the Commationt Goszstte, Junuary 1, 1755. Holt was the editor aii junior partner of the firm of James Parker & Co, und conducted the Gazette until 17, wheu Le removed to wew York. In this city he had the direction of Parker's Gazette about two years. During the four succeeding years he hired Parkor’s printing materials, and managed the Nee Fork Gozdte and Post Boy as his own concern. To 1766 be kept a book store, and in 1766 he left Parker's printing office, opened another, and esta- blished the Jon nul, as we have stated Helt was a man of ardent feelirgs, and a high eburchman, but # fim whig; and a good writer When the British took posession of New-York in 17%, he left behind him, avd lest part of, his effects; another pcrtion of his property, which bad been sent i the war. Ne to Danbury, was piileged or burat there, by th British ; aud a part of his types, &e., were destroy ed by the enemy at Leopus. He was printer to th volutionary war; and his wi- nted to that office Hunter, pritter State during the Li dow, at bis decease, was ap Holt was brother-in-law to ie at Williemebuigh, Virginia, who wa master Gesoral, with Le. Frovklio death, his widow pr cards, which she dixtributed among her frierds. It was ns follows: f Joun liowr, printer to this Virginia; who patiently sommons, on the Wth of January 17% Deputy Soon after hi ted a memorial of him on A due tribute to the memory o! year of his age. To eay that his fam him, is neediess ; that his friends bewail him, use ows; that regret him, unnecessary ; for, that he merited eve esteem, ia certam I tongue o slander caniot «ay lex, though justice might say ore. In token of sincere affection, his discon late widow hath caused this memorial to be ereet- ed.” Elizabeth Holt continued the Journal, after her but it was published wotil 17) » Thursd: llolt lusbaud’s de r Oswald, only once a w & kinsman of Mis n a Colonel in Jmrnal for her had b wh ten ay the u Oswald ood t lishment to Septem be Journ wad their print TY f wald died in Thomas Greenies 1% Jor Soon after Greenleaf took posession of the d, he ware th ‘ bw pay The pay t tion was called Tie New ¥ Patrictee Register; the oliver waapubliched weekly, ov I Tho tithes of these payers wer the daily wasenlled Tie Argus, ie Yorn Daily dee tise; and Grenwnfis New ¥ nal and Patrictee Regeter was published twiee a y ula rnd Daily wok. Whew the two great political par were formir gs jnent to the orgauirstion 4 ederal government, the measures A Wasbington's | the country paper from the same office). administration were attacked with virulence in Greenleaf’s paper. Greenleaf was born in Abington, Massachusetts, and learned the printing business with the celebrated Isaiah Thomas. He was the son of Joseph Green- leaf, who was engaged in the printing business in Boston, in 1774. The Journal and Argus were pub- lished by Greenleaf in New York until 1798, when he died with the yellow fever, at the age of 42, He was 4 good printer, enterprising, and of an amiable disposition. His widow published both the daily and semi-weekly paper for some time; but eventual- | ly sold her establishment to James Cheetham, who altered the titles of both papers—the daily, to The American Citizen, and the semi-weekly, to The American Watchtower Samuel Loudon was born in Ireland, and settled in New York some years before the Revolution, entering into business here as a ship chandler. In 1775, he bought a printing establishment of Frederick Shober, a German, then in business here, and opened his office in Water’ street, near Old slip. Besides his newspaper, Loudon printed a few books, and kept a bookstore. He was a decided whig, and started his paper (the Packet,) in January, 1776. A short time before the Bri took possession of the city, in September following, he removed with his press to Fishkill, and there published the New York Packet, until the peace of 1783, when he returned to | the city, and continued his paper here, when it was finally changed to a daily paper, and was continued several years. The Packet being commenced in January, 1776, was the last paper established in the city before the Declaration of Independence. Loudon was an elder in the Seotch seceders’ church, in this city. He lived to an advanced age, and died, we believe, after the year 1510—several years pre- vious to which he had retired from business. The following list will give an idea of the suc- cession of democratic daily newspapers published here, from 1788 to this time, most of them having | been suspended after a brief existence :— E:ditors or Publishers. Thomas Greenleaf. James Cheetham. Win. A. Davis. Names The New York Journal American Citizen Morning Chronicle Public Advertiser, ( Charles Holt { Alden Spooner Henry Wheaton. M. M. Noah, JG, Bennett Samuel S. Conant. Crookes and Butler. New York Columbian. National Advocate Mercantile Advertiser NewYorkNational Advocate M.M. Noab. Morning Courier... Webb, Lawson & Skillman. | New York Enqu! M.M. Noah. Courier and Enquirer— (3. W. Webb. (formed by a union of thes M. M. Noah. last two pupers.). J. G. Bennett, New York standard. ...... John I. Mumford. New York Times Holland. Sanford & Davies. JW. Beil. New Brte...c.ccccccse00+.4 Richard Adams Locke. Levi D. Slamum. 1 wian..... Morning News. w York Globe... proprietor; ‘ Childs, (and # legion of editors. In addition to the above, we might give a list of an immense number of transitory sheets which have been started from time to time; and after a linger- ing, though brief, existence, begging for a few crumbs from the democratic table, have gone (as John Quincy Adams would say) to the * receptacle of things lost upon earth ;° leaving their unhappy owners or editors involved in debt, and cursing the democracy for their neglect or inability to sustain them. We may add the following remarks respecting a few of the papers on the list, and allude to some which are not included, for various reasons:— The Amertcon Citizen flourished from 1801 to 1810, and was a daily paper; (the Watchtower was It was edited with marked ability by James Cheetham, an Engl un, Who acted with that portion of the democratic party of which George Clinton, De Witt Clinton, and Judge Spencer were leaders, in opposition to Colonel Burr. Violent quarrels took place between the friends of Burr, vis, the Van Nesses, Swartwouts, Matthew L. Davis, and others, on the one side, and Cheetham, Richard Riker, De Witt Clinton, and Judge Spencer on the other. Several duels took place; and on one occasion Matthew L. Davis sallied forth in Wall street, with pistol in hand, expecting to be un- der the necessity of shooting Cheetham. The lat- ter, however, prudently made way for Davis, and ffuir ended without bloodshed. There were tham's paper, and he al- was stood hi in the section of the democratic party to which he belonged, as a ready writer and skilful tactician. Cheetham wrote a life of Thomas Paine, which was not acceptable to Paine's fol- He was not bred to the printing business, but was a very able editor, and acquired great dis- tinetion asa writer. Occasionally the vigor and pun- gency of his style caused his productions to be com- pared with the letters of Junius, which were long con- sidered a mode! for political writers in this country, as well as in England Cheetham died, we believe, in IS10; after which his paper was discontinued. His wife also died about the same time ; one or both of them perished by suicide. We are not informed whether any of his fumily are still living, We know that his orphan daughter, a very beautiful girl, wae sent to Norwich, Connecticut, for education, ufter the death of ber parents, Ile had a brother at business, in Chatham street, for so the some able writers for Chi who was inth During the Revolutionary war, after the British took possession of the city of New-York, there were four papers published bere, under the sanction f the but none of the prin title of ** Printers to the King,” except Rivington, who had an appointment The have British Comman rs assumed th lishers made an arrangement £0 as to aper issued daily, exeept Tuesday, al- following a Suturday— yur yt er — Wednesday a atte M« wday—€ vington's Royal Ge ine’« Gazette a Koy 4 Mereury American € ury and tie moral Ad. ecording to his own account, citeulation of 3,600. with a semi-weekly, call- the Chromcle Express, was established by the frieuds of Colonel Barr, in 1802, to ¢ his partizans against the attacks of Cheetham’s pa- r , at one time, T Morning Chromite, nd him and per. It was pul i by William A. Davis, bro- ther of Matthew L. Davis, the latter of whom, with the Van Nesses, Swartwouts and others, we The Morn- ing Chronicle coutinned to be published as a daily paper 1807 ; before whieh time the politi career of Colonel Burr had been brought to a clos The Public commercial as well as political support contributors to th lumns, as writers. until Advertiver received a considerable It flourish. daring the ‘The names t w ed for ve war of M12 of the lected ral years previous te a wy from INIT to ISI editor and proprietor are The € w recol- noon was started seven of eight Mr. Jefferson to the Holt, who ix still advanced age of about Mr. Holt had published the Jer, paper, at years after the ession of Mr. € living in this city, at th Presidency, by four score years a democratic ‘ew London, ¢ cut, dering John Adame's been fined and under the law. Ho afterwards published the Ber son, and removed to this city about Columbnan A off cratic paper, warmly supporting the m Jefferson and Me The edite a warm friend of De Witt Clinto ported hita for Prevident against M sequence of whieh the Columbian awd ite editor ever after proseribed at Tammany Hall, avd ‘ational Adcornte was established as the 1 organ. After the war the Colwmiian ad the fortunes of De Witt Clinton, and supported hira for G of the al poliey of Governor Clinton against the attacks minany Hall and its organ. While Clinton vernor, Mr. Hoult sold out the Columbian to len Spooner, «f Brooklyn, who also for The manecti iministration, and had di imprisoned tion Hud The demo of however, was in 1812 aye disan, in con: at Iam was a spirited tive ur were State—sustaining, also, the at was ( the ba! mony years, publiehed the Long Island Star. | Cowmbron finally expired, about the your 1821, and the Statesman, published by Carter and Prentiss, having been removed from Albany and established here, became the favorite of the Clintonians. The National Advocate, established in the year 1813, was first edited by the late Henry Whea- ton, who was for so many years United States Mi- nister to Denmark and Pruseia. Mr. Wheaton was then a young lawyer, a native of Rhode Island, who came to New York to seek his fortune. Ie soon made himself conspicuous in law and polities, aud was for a long time reporter of the United States Supreme Court, and was always on hand as a can- didate for office, when any chance offered. When De Witt Clinton was nominated by the democrats, for Governor, in 1817, Mr. Wheaton aud other Tammany men, or ** buektails,” as they were call- ed, refused to support him, on the ground that he had beem the peace party candidate for President, in 1812. They therefore threw away their yotes on General Peter B. Porter, for Governor, giving him 1,419 votes in the State, (principally in this city) whilo Mr. Clinton received 43,310, When Mr. Wheaton retired from the editorial chair of the Natronal Advocate, in 1817 o 1818, he was succeeded by Mordecai M. Noah, who had then returned from his Consulate at Tunis. Nouh continued to act as editor for the Advomte until 1825, when the late Henry Eckford having become the secret proprietor, and placed Thomas Snowden incbarge as printer and nominal owner, James G. Bennett (now of the Herald) edited the paper for nearly two years. Mr. kford, having concluded to support the re-election of John Quincy Adams to the Presidency, to which Mr. Bennett was not inclined, Samuel S. Conant, a native of Vermont, in 1827 purchased an interest with Snowden, and continued until some time after the Advocate was united with the Statesman, and the united papers called the Morning Herald, which paper, however, did not live long. ‘The bargain be- tween the proprietors of the Advocate, Snowden and Conant, and those of the Statesman, was effected by the operations of the lute T. B. Wakeman, who was a mutual friend of the two parties, and great in transactions requiring the taet necessary in bringing individuals of different interests together. Being thrown out ofthe National Advocate, Noah established, in 1627, the New York National Advocate. Eckford and Snowden endeavored to stop him, by an injunction from using the name (nearly) of the old paper; but the Court of Chancery sustained Noah by dissolving the injunction. Noah afterwards es- tablished the New York Enquirer, and came out for Jackson as the democratic candidate for the Presi- dency in 1827. He had previously, in 1826, supported De Witt Clinton for Governor, against Judge Ro- chester, the regular democratic candidate, on the ground that Rochester was an Adams man, while Clinton was for Jackson. For a short time—from 1527-28 up to 1829—Mr. Bennett was connected with Noah in the editorial department of the Ea- quiver, Which Noah sold out to James Watson Webb in 182%, after the election of General Jackson.— Webb having been for some time proprietor of the Courier—and the united papers received the name of Courter and Enquirer, under which title the sheet is now published. Mr. Bennett's subsequent connection with that paper, as one of the editors, while it was the democratic organ, is well known; it continued from 1829 till the change of polities of the Courier and Enquirer, which took place in 1832, when Webb left the Jackson party in consequence of bis United States Bank loans. From the moment the Cowwr and Enquirer lett the Tammany party arf set up for itself, it began to prosper, and has been prosperous ever since, The Naw York American, established by Charles King and Johnston Veiplanck, in 1819, was, at first, a bucktail paper, and acted with the Van Buren democracy in opposing DeWitt Clinton. In 1823, the American advocated John Quincey Adams for the Presidency, while Van Buren and ‘Tammany Hall went for Crawford, and the difference severed the connection between the American aud the de- mocratic party. The Evening Post was an old tablished about the time of Jefferson's election as President. Its able editor, William Coleman, sup- ported Mr, Clinton for President in 1812, but for « while was opposed to that gentleman as Governor. He finally came into his support, and was friendly to Clinton's administration of the State govern- ment in the latter part of his career. The Post wes bitterly oppored to John Quincey Adams, and advocated Jackson a his successor in 1828. From that time the Evenmg Post became the favorite of the aristocratic portion of the democratic party in the city, and fora long time co-operated with the Albany Argus, after the present editor of the Post, Mr. Bryant, and his colleague, Mr. Leggett, sueceed- ed Mr. Coleman. Following the fortunes of Van Burer, and abolition doctrines, are among the causes which have destroyed the Post with the democratic party. The Mercantile Advertiser was rather a commer- cial than a party paper; but its editors were, for a time, considered as inclining to the democra- tie party. At the present day it would be consider- ed a miserable affair, and could not bold out an ex- istence for many days. Jtis unnecessary to elucidate this statement by any further explanatory remarks. Sufficient has been given to show the feeble character of the suc- cessive democratic papers, as far ae permanence and pecuniary success are to be considered. The day of such papers has “vanished and gone.” And here endeth our chapter on the rise, progress, decline, and downfall of the organs of Tammany Hall demo- eracy. It -hould be a warning to all adventurers in the field of politics, who do not wish to realize the truth of the old proverb, “‘A tool and his money are soon parted.” deral paper, es ‘The Literary Remains of General Alexander Hamiiton. FoR THE WERALD At the age of twenty-three, Hamilton, then actively engaged in military affairs, wrote to James Duane, President of the old Congress, setting forth the incompetency and incapacity of the federal go vernment for the proper performance of the great and responsible duties, with which it had become in- vested, and, as the sole representative of the State of New York, Yates and Lansing having with drawn from the convention, he, at the age of thirty, introduced, in the year 1747, an entire and complete constitution, embracing all the features of a solid and permanent government, accompanied by one of the most able and brilliant speeches ever heard in & deliberative body, the brief of which we now pre- form and substance, as it oppears, in the It is not necessary, on the present occasion, to say more than to remark that, while Ilamilton enter- tained the opinion that « hereditary monarchy was the beet form of government, ho, notwithstanding, adopted that of Great Britain ouly as a model, from which he might be enabled to secure to the people of the United States, a strong, energetic and en- during government. ‘The plan proposed by Hamilton was the estab- lishment of @ reliable and efficient national admin. ion, based on the widest principles of demo- power, universal suffrage, acting on and ema- direetly from the people ; but while he re- cognized the inalienable right of the people, as soves reign in the election of their representatives, he, nevertheless, engrafted on his constitution auch a yetem of permanency in the exercise of the elective franchise as would secure to the government and its administration the bert posible chance of dura- bility. independente, and high golitical eh nate were to bo racter oxen dd removal for for life, su i. ir mi presentatives, te organ of public opinion, wa con- et the contre! of, and answerable to, itnents. ‘The Senators were to be elected al districts, each State to have at least and thas, instead of being the creatures of « corporation, they Wore the direct repreeentatives of the peoples and through such an urganization the country would have been relieved from the absurd doctrine, « republican anamoly, which gives to une- qual bodies an equal representation, the smallest earing in the Senate of the national go- verrment with the same power as the largest, a sa- crifice of political principle made to gratify the fears and jealousies of small sovercigntie: In this system of government, there was no more of monarchy than in that which was adopted, the principal difference being in the term of service, and none in the executive powers; while, under that we now sess, the Chief Magistrate is not only made the mere instrument of faction, but the leader of partizan combinations, through which and by which influence, the most uncertain, improvident and incongruous measures are imposed on the com- munity and the rights of the minority ; and often those of the majority are jeoparded, to promote the tious views of demagogues, who foster political prejudices in the people, for no other or better pur- poses than to impose on their credulity, for their own selfish purposes, It is easy to imagine, from the character of the brief, that the speech of Hamilton must have en- gaged the attention of the convention for several sessions ; and when finished , how well it must have merited their highest eulogiums. Some of the members, among others the distinguished Oliver Ellsworth, afterwards Chief Justice of the United States, declaring at the time of adjournment, which immediately tock place, hat ‘Cwhlie they all ads mired and approved, none dared follow the bold and manly lead of the enlightened statesman.” Hamilton will pass expounder of political principles, and the time seems fast approaching, when the government will be acknowledged to contain the Cnly conservative powers which could protect the country from sectional violence, and the intrusive interference of Utopian philanthropists. ‘The difficulties in the convention were extreme; some contending that there was noright to form a new constitution, that the only power delegated was to remodel the old confeder others, under the influence of Jefferson, advocated the establishment of a singe legislative body, and the organization of a plurality executive, of Which the judiciary was to be a component part. BRIEF OF SPEECH OF HAMILTON ON SUBMITTING HIS PLAN OF CONSTITUTION TO IE FEDERAL CONVEN= TION, IN 1787. INTRODUCTION. 1 Importance of the ocension. 2 A solid plan, without regard to temporary opt- nions. 3 If an ineffectual plan be again proposed, it will beget despair. There seem to be but three lines of conduct. 1 A league offensive, treaty of commerce, and apportionment of the public debt. p} An amendment ‘ofthe present confederation, by adding such powers as the public mind seems nearest being matured to grant. 3 The forming of anew government to pervade the whole, with decisive powers; in short, with complete bear ee Last seems to be prevailing sentiment. 1 Its practicability to be examined. A Immense extent unfavorable to representation. Vast expense. Double set of officers. : Difficulty of judging of local circumstances. Distance bas a physical effect on men’s minds. K Diffculty of drawing proper charucters from ome. Execution of laws, feeble at adistance from go- vernment—particularly in the collection of reve- nue. Sentiment of obedience opinion. 1 Objections to the present (old) confederation. Intrusts the great interests of the nation to hands ineapable to manage them. All matters in which foreigners are concerned. The care of the public peace,—debts. Power of treaty, without power of execution. Common defence, without power to raise troops— have a fleet,—raise money. Power to contract debts, without the power to pay. : Those great interests of the State must be well managed, or the public prosperity must be the victim. Legislates on communities. : When the legislatures are to act, they will delibetrate. 9 To ask money, not to collect it, and by an un- just measure. ‘0 Sanction. 5 Amendment of confederation according to pre- i iteute,b ed ythi difficult, because not agreed upon anything. — Example—. cn smarts different , To ascertain the practicability of this, let us ex- amine the principles of civil obedience. Supports of Goverament. 1 Interest to support it. jon of ulllliy und necessity. 3 Habitual sense of obligation. 4 Force. Influence. 1 Interest particular and general interests. Esprit de corps. Vex popu, Vor Dei. 2 Opinion of utility and necessity. First will increase with the growsh of the States’ ly to Federal Government. and yet the order of the com- yaunity continue. Anarchy not a necessary consequence. 3 Hanirvat, sense of obligation. ‘This results from administration of private justice. Demand of service or money odious. 4 Forcr—of two kinds. Coercion of laws—Coercion of arms. First does not crist—last ureless. Attempt to use it, a war between the States. Foreign aid. Delinqwency not confined to one. y INFLUENC 1 From municipal jurisdiction. 2 x intment of officers. 3 Military jurisdiction. 4 Fiscal jurisdiction. All these now reside in (the) particular States. Their governments are the chief sources of honor and emolument AmniTition—A varice. To effect n passions must be turned to- wards the ‘al government-— Present Confederation cannot be amended, unloss the most important powers be given to Congress, constituted as they are, This would be liable to all (the) objections any form of general government, with the of want of checks— Perpetual effort in each member. Influence of individuals in office to excite jealousy and clamor—State leaders-- Experience corresponds. Grecian republies— Demosthenes says—Athens seventy-three years— posers 1 twenty-seven—Thebans after battle of uotr Phocions—consecrated ground—Philip, &e— Jermanic empire— Charlemagne and his successors— Diet—recesses— Eleetors now seven-—cxcluding others— iss Cantons. ‘ion ‘Two diets. Opposite alliances. Berne— Tne. ‘To strengthen the federal government, powers tvo great must be given to a single hand— League offensive and defeusive, & Particular governments mi selves, Put liable to particular vicissi (tudes) Internal peace affected— Proximity of sitaation—natural enemies— Partial confederacies from unequal extent Power inspires ambition. We knees begets jealowy. e it exert them- a ius of republics pacifio— ealousy of commerce, jealousy of power, Ye ets war— Athens—'T hebes—-Rome —Carthage— nacatic league. gland a« many popular as royal ware— Lewis the XIV —Austria—Bourbons— William & as well as Jupon trifling circumstances: uchess of Mariborough's glove— Foreign conquest. Dismemberment—Poland— Foreign influence, Distractions set about vicious bumors-- Standing aimies by di seensi Domestic factions— Montesquieu — Me marcy in Southern States— ae Vederal rights-Fishertos— Wars—de tractive I of advantage Foreign would not re us reciprocity ect our rights nor grant sive commerce. of the lakos— Missi ssippi-- The general government roust, fo thie ease, not only have a ety soul, but stromgorgans by which that soul ie to operate Here | shall give my contiments of the best form of government--not as a thing attainable by us, e h we ought to approach as near Wy constitation best form. —Cicero—Montesqtiien—Neckar ty naturally divides itself into two political the for und the many, who have distinct f (on) the hands of the many, they will tyeannize t w—It ought to be in the hands of both; they should be varated. t he permanent. Repre will not do Dernegogues will gencrally prevail. And sfaeporated they will teed o mutual cheek “This check ia a monareh Rach principle ought to exist tu full for Will not answer its end. wn to posterity, as the great — | One-seventh will have only one year to serve. wisdom of his plan of | | One-seventh | ve system ; while , ‘The democracy must be derived immediately from the people: The aristocracy ought to be entirely separated; their power should be permanent and they should have the carttas literorum. ‘They should be so circumstanced that they can have no interest in a change—as to have an effectual weight in the constitution. cir duration should be the earnest of wisdom and stability. ‘Tis essential there should be a permanent will in a community. Vox populi, vox Dei. Souree of government—the unreasonableness of the people—separate interests-—debtors and eredi- tors, &e. ‘There ought to be principle in government capa- ble of resisting the popular current. No periodical duration will come up to this. This will always imply hopes and fears. Creature and creator. Popular assemblies governed by a few individuals. ‘These individuals seeing their dissolution ap- proa@p, will sacrifice. ‘The principle of representation will influence. The most popular branch will acquire an influ- ence over the other, ‘The other may check in ordinary cases, in which there is no strong public passion ; but it will not in cases where there is—in cases in which such @ prin- js Most Necessary uppose duration seven years, and rotation. me One-veventh two years. One-seventh three years. four years. A majority will lock for dissolution in four years ional strength. by instalments, The monarch must have prope He ought to be hereditary, and to have so much power, that it will not be his interest to risk much to acquire more. | The advantage of a mo h is this—he is above corruption--he must always intend, in respect to foreign nations, the true interest and glory of the | le. ' i publtes liable to foreign corruption and in- trigue—Holland—A thens. Eftect of British Government. A vigorous execution of the laws—and a vigorous defence of the people, will result. Better chance of u good adiinistration. It is said a republican government does not admit a vigorous execution. | The principle chiefly intended to be established is this—that there must be a permanent til. Gentlemen say we need to be rescued from the democracy. But what the means proposed ‘A democratic assembly to be ohecked by a demo- cratic senate, and both these by a democratic chief magistiate. ‘The end will not be answered—the means will not be equal to the object. It will therefore be feeble and inefficient. Recapitulation, I. Impossible to secure the union by any modifica- tion of the (old) federal government. Il. League, offensive and defensive, full of certain evils und greater dangers. seneral government, very difficult, if not im- practicable, liable to various objections. What is to be done? Answer. BaLance 1 AND CHOOSE THAT FEWEST OBJECTIONS. Expense admits of this answer. The expense of the State governments will be proportiouably di- minished. Interference of officers not so great, because the objects of general government and the particular will not be the same—Finance—Administration of i justice—Energy will not be wanting in es- 8, because the administration of private justice will be carried home to men’s doors by the particular (State) governments. i All the revenues may be collected from imports, excises, &c. If necessury to go further, the general government may wake use of the particular govern- ments. ‘The attendance of members near the seat of government may be had in the lower branch. And the upper branch may be so constructed as to induce the attendance of members from any part. But this proves that the government must be constituted as to offer strong motives. In short to interest all the viduals and turn them into that channel. Country Life in South Carolina. {From the Charleston Courier, March 25.) “Tt was bome, And though home is a naine, a word, it is a strong one; stronger than magician ever spoke, or spirit’ answered to, in strongest conjuration!— Dickens. It is a good occupation for a planter, for several mornings after a temporary absence, to examine all that bus been going on, on the plantation, since his last visit, and to hear the improvements and plans contemplated for another crop. ‘The kitchen gard the flour garden—the pigeons—the poul- try—the catUe—the dogs, and the stables, are all delightful objects in their way, to be visited and examined. The barn yard, however, with its stacks of rice, the harvest of the year, is the principal at- traction; ‘where our treasure is, there will our heart be also.” As to the manner in which generally “time is killed” in the country, one day may serve as an epitome of the whole. In the morning the bell rings to prayers and to breakfast. Though we have never partaken of this meal uch an establishment as we have read of, as having once existed in the old world, where there were two hundred silver teapots for the breakfasts of the guests of the house; with everything to cor- respond in splendor, and where even the kitchen Was so magnificently furnished that every saucepan was silver, and all the spits were gold—yet, a coun- try breaktast in a comparatively humble establish- ment, in Carolina, is a very satisiactory repast at all times, and cannot, in our unsophisticated judg- ment, very well be exceeded in quantity or quality anywhere. After the urn or the kettle has done singing, and the usual quantity of waflles, and journey cakes, (usually pronounced * Johnny cakes,”) and other edibles of domestic manufacture, have been con- sumed, the ladies adjourn to the drawing room, aud pass their time in those calm pursuits and amuse- ments which satisfy the good wives and daughters of countiy gentlemen—they practise on the piano or guitar, play chess, battledoor, and shuttlecock, copy music, or write verses in albums; some will sew, perhaps, whilst one of the party will read to them. After a while, they put on their thick shoes, and walk inthe garden, or up the avenue, out of the big gate into the public road; or, it may be, dawdle about in the direction of the negro houses, asking after the rheumatism of some old favorite servant, and ordering soup, or some other comfoat, for the sick. This routine is varied by a ride on horseback, or a dri i these simple amusements that the ladies of a Carolina conntry house, while away the leisure moments of the morning, innocently and happily— while the young gentlemen, who compose the house- hold, of a less domestic turn, prefer to hunt deer, to fish, or to shoot partridges, snipe or woodvock. Hardly doce a day pass, but there is visiting go- ing on in one direction or another, and carriages nay constantly be seen, going up and down the avenue. Dinners are partaken of, and visits re- turned in all sorts of weather, and at all distances, and though many, peradventure, do not exactly care about these interchanges, and are not, per- haps, social by nature, yet it is the habit of the country to be sociable—to be friendly and hospita- ble ix incumbent on the station of a Carolina plan- ter. The Scripture injunction, use hospitality, one towards another, verily seems not to have been lost upon bin On Christmas day a great family re-union, or fathering, always ‘takes place—all the different branches of the same family come to dine parent stem—throwing their aris, and twining, as t were, on that holyday, once more around the old from which they *prong. ‘Chis is always a charming spectacle. We shall have something more to say, probably, of this merry-making period, in another portion of these sketches. ‘There are generally, in every parish in the coun- try, regular hunting days in the week, when the neighboring gentry meet, as a club, to enjoy the aport. It 1 animating sight to see the hunte- men, on th ng of the hunting days, immedi- ately after breakfast, coming up the avenue, well morinted, clad in red jackets, (this is the eolor of the livery 4 ae upon by the members e club, to be worn hy the boys in the vicinity now writing shout.) followed by the dogs in @ eompact body. ‘The hunters, or rather young men, are generally during riders, rashing oroug the woods to stop the dogs with wonderful nerve, and possess- ing marvellous dexterity in smacking their whips loudly, and casting the lash at the end of their 1 heavy thongs with great at any ho will n called to, ventures, like an ill bi to stray from sweinthe pack, orto take the slightest no- a wild cat, a skunk, or any “such that happens lately to have made tracks that way, for « ruin the vase ifwe will the roses will hang rownd it till.” wen of the hunt collect, as the day grow ler, with overalls above the knee, (to protect them from mud and cold.) and armed with barrelled guna, Joe Manton’s generally, Which were by their fathers, and did good ery it ome carry extra shot in the locker, in what a pocket pistol—some drive tothe place opp for the ‘*meet,” (I do mean Where they are to got the meat, but whore they are te meet.) in vebieles, their servants with saddle horses having either jogged on before, or trotted w " Wen the party assembles, though it may be soon after breakfast, refreehment ix generally offered, ard Thave known some to dismount and take a drink, but it is oftener declined now, as no longer in accordance with tho spirit and good of the age. The time has happily one by when mea deem it necessary to socinbility to proffer the cup, even the stirrup eup. on Whilst interchanges of civility and friendship are going on about the house, the dogs meaowhile are rolling on the grass, playing, or growling at one another, with an occasional tight, easily quelled, however, by the voice, or the suack of the whip, of one of their owners. I like to watch a favorite dog at this time, as some one he likes, walking among the crowd of hounds, seemingly gratified by the admiration taken of him, returmng the tlatter- ing notice by curesses in his own rude way, thump ing the legs of his admirer with his waving tail, aud rubbing his sides upon his clothes. But now, all are again in their saddles. ** Where shall we try to-day !”” says thy leader of the hunt. * The wind is in that direction, the deer will run this way,” making» motion with his haad, suiting the action to the word. Before any one caa reply, he adds, “1 think, therefore, as that is the cuse, we had better try Quaterman’s; but tako some of the bays as we’ go along; Isaw a great many fresh tracks, crossing the roud, going in that direction; we shall be certain to start something.” He blows his horn and rides oif, followed by the whole party. Directions are wow’ given with geoas precision t0 the boys, to go round with the dogs and put them into such a dive, and mind what they are ubout. ** Mass John’? will be at such a stand, and ** Mass Nic” at auother; tuke cave the deer don’t run back, or the dogs get uway.”” These orders given and received, tho whole party of boys and dogs are on a quick move, and soon disappear down the avenue. Lcunnot couvey a better idea, perhaps, of the hunt” in South Cavolian, aad tho than (instead of gene- ralizing) by narrating an incident ur two of sport, occurring in my own Vicinity, and for the truch of which | cau vouch. ‘The first incident I will offer, I will characterize as THE TAME DEER, “Tis merriv, "tix merrie, 1 (hy greeuwode, When horn. and hounde, snd ouzge, Their clangynge make. in the wugied brake, At the hunting of the stagge "Oi Bayiad, The eastern bianch of Cooper itiver, ua Caarles- ton district, dows betweea St. Juhas aad oc. ‘Thomas parishes. These purishes have been the range of some re- markable men, in a sociable aspect; dad aliuougie in candor we must admit we do net meet wow as ia other days—particularly at the old st. Taomas’ Club—such men as Mr. Jobn Bail, of Com: igioe, and his amiable biother, Mr. lsame Ball, of Lue rick ; Mr. Robert H. Quush, of Fishbrook; Le. Roger Pinckney, of Quiuby; Mr. tiose, of Fair- lawn, and his son, Mr. James iiose ; Mr. Wogtoll, and his two sons, John sud Thomas; Mc. Tuvunas Ashby; Mr. Alfred Luger, of Lougwood; Me. Nicholas Harleston, of Kussis, with his two sous, James and Nicholas; Dr. Mdwards, who, though dead, still li in the hearts of many frieaus, fondly as ever; and Mr. Peter Lesense, the e bodied spirit of good humor—of whose facotue a volume could be written: iu fact, he was a very ro- markable man, with peculiarities of character aad mind, that would have made him a fortune in society, as a bon vivant, and wit, in the gayest cireles ever graced by «’ Sheridan’ or Hood—aad though last, not least, Col. Jacob Bond 1’Oa, whu— although the majority of his former compauuons mentioned above, who used, 1i! oriek, “tv set the tubl a roar,” are all gone to that bourne, wheacve no traveller returns to tell the cale of darkness—sull lives to show us what a Carolina geutieman of the old school was! Now, although, as Ihave said, candor compols us to admit, we do not meet now, at the preseas day, with such company, either in St. Thomas o¢ lower St. Johns, there is still to be found in the neighborhood, a tolerably good set o¢ fellows, as the werld goes. Between them the most frieudiy relations exist, their time being past, for the most part, in social interchanges of hospitable civilities, repeatedly riding over to each other's plantatio to hunt, fish or eurouse. On one of these occasions, so common in this neighborhood, an interesting’ and remarkable in- cident oceurred, which 1 propose now to give sa account of, A large party had asscinbled for the purp se of taking a hunt on a certain ground in St. Sohos, famous for deer, when, no sooner had they beva placed at their respective stands, and the dogs put into the drive, than are snuffing the ground, With a enution profound,” Some running and poking their noses all round, ranging about, as the poet Somerville says, ~ This way or that, They cross, examining with curious nose Buch likely haunt.” Soon a challenge from one of them, preluding to a ery more nobly full, accompanied by a suddea crushing of the leaves and branchos, proclaimsd a promise of immediate sport. In a few mou: echo unto echo ealls, re-echoing through the woods, as louder and lowler the move torward of the dogs utter less doubtful notes. There were several deer in the drive, which tripped nimbly and timidly away in different direc- tions. The dogs, dividing according to cireum- stances, eagerly followed them, now making tho welkin ring with the commingling of their maay voices. Meanwhile, a very large buck, a magnificent ani- mal, with branching antlers, but apparently io ne way alarmed at this sudden intrusion on his owa do- maim, or at the thundering of the dogs on his trai came out slowly and majestically towards one of the hunters, Mr. Keod, of © Kice Hope.” ‘The stand that bad been assigned this gentleman, was well and prettily located. it was an oid clear- ing or field that had been formerly cultivated Oa the right in the distanee flowed the river, taking its quict course to the ocean. On the left, in the back |, towering to the skies, were lofty pine trees, he same direction, skirting the open ground, were several majestic onk: swith their gnarled trunks and moss covered branches, like hoary patri- arehs of the forests, whilst immediately before and around, were copies of smaller trees, with here and there @ thick undergrowth, inviting the flocks aud herds to browse beneath their shade. When Mr. Read first heard the dogs, and saw the deer come out to him, he was st fing by the side of a tree, waiting patiently until his aitecipated Vietim should approach near cuough to enabl to bring him down, within what Sir Lucius O° ger would have called, t distance. This delay probubly saved the life of the univ for ina few more paces the buck stoppe still for awhile, and gazing attentivel ith his large, full, liquid eyes at Mr. Kead—he then de- liberately walked directly up to him. The singularity of the occurrence, there be something so unusual in such composure at such « time—something £0 confiding in bis manner, that after levelling his gun, and being in the very act ot touching the trigger, Mr. Kend was indu sed to pause, to regard the animal with attention, and wait the result. He grounded his gun, when, to his in- ing surpiise, the buck gazing more wistfully is face, kept approaching nearer and nearer, and stood up so close to bim at last, as to enable him to rub bis hand over his muzzle! By this time, the dogs were close upon bhim— neverthelest, that proud and deppled forester stirred not, and seemed to have no dosive or inten olude pursuit. Mr. Kead, touched with compassion for the noble creature not fiadiog it in his own heart to kill him, revolved to get hum if posrible, out of all danger, as much frou scoming up, as the other hunters of the le several ineffectual efforts to scare im away, by throwing his cap up, and halloving to him, and it wax not, until the dogs actuatly maus their appearance from the woods, aud the buck got sight of them, and they of him, that the stately animal we aware of his danger. ile then, fur the first time, seemed to understand the predica- ment in which he stood, and, as if suddenly eompre- hending the import of hi# preservor's words and © signs proudl lered head, high in ai be lin ing thicket — plunging out o' i all apparent danger ia a moment! Upon the party se-assembling in the road, the proprietor, upon whose lands they were hut explained that this was a decr that had been caug’ when a fawn, given to him by Mr. Read himself, kept about the premises of his vite do- ted, until he wav a year old, when he took to his native woods, but had not altogether lost, as appears by this coincidence, all recullecti m of ‘his early life ‘The above oceurred n St. John's Paris. ONCERNING NEWSPAPER Devrs.—In the court of Common Pleas, yesterday, before Judge Kelley, an important case was decided. It wae a suit pending between Philip K. Fens ns. Jacob Haas, to recover the eubscriptios prico of the Go mantoun Telegraph for 12 y: The paper waa left at a public henve in the nity of tne defon- t stall, in Callowhill atrect, (the defendan a buteher atthe time,) at the express direc. tion of Mr. Haas, where it continued to be left for the space of t'me stated. 1 nee was twofold the statut« of Lin «second, thas ¢ residem if known to the plaiutiff. Judge Kelley charged the jury, (hat where « person subscribes for a paper, and gives directions whers it shall be left, he is bound to pay for it, mnless hy prescribes the tine for which it shall be left. If a subseriher wishes ¢ itinue his paper, it is his duty to squ and then give notice for & discontinuan if a paper is sent to @ person through the I Office, and he takes it out, he is hound to pay for it. Ifa eubseriber changes his re si- dence, it does not follow that the carrier must tak notice of it, and a delivery of the paper at the plac Where he was first directed to leave it, is lelivery to the subseri inless the publisher receives no- tice to discontinue, or send it tu another place. ‘Thy statute of limitations did not affect the case, as thy defendant had we thing on account in Jine, ort 1. erdict for plaintifl, $22 50.—Phila. Inquirer, BO OL EEE EE eee