The New York Herald Newspaper, March 27, 1851, Page 3

2 IER oe orem oe 1 eet names: FUR * Em (From the Calcutta Star.) * The following is an extract of a letter from Ran- goon, dated the 29th of January, giving an account of a terrible fire which occurred there on the pre- vious day. It should, perhaps, be stated that ths edifices are, without exception, constructed of wood, and consequently, during the dry season, are inuch more par tes than at any other time :—‘* I Rangoon is no mor Yester- anoy, in truth, say, day, at Td, ACM. a dreadful conflagration brake out in the heart of the town, utterly defying eyory ameasure put in foree to cheek its ‘progress. ‘The custom house, main wharf, Armenian church, and the principal inerehants’ houses, are totally destroy- ed; whole streets, of great length, present to the ‘1 so complete have beea the © fire, that old inhabit ting out’ the site of their f est?mated, on a rough ¢tlewla- Thon, thet at lost 2,0) houses have been utterly dese troyed, and the loss sy wrogers at the lowest ext amounts 10 uly the y lacks of rupees, while life 1s incaleulable. The fire” extended about two ahiles in length, and one in breadth; and, in its éearfully pid progress, communicated to a num- er of country cargo-boats, loaded with inflamma- ple goods of considerable value. From the fire extended to the shipping in tho river. vessels, of which five had completed their li were burnt the water’s edge, and tho rem. seaped destruction, by slipping their ¢ Dalla side of the water. dest have amer revider ‘Oo., had a most narrow esea) of her command ‘extricated from her dangerous position. Surround ed by burning vessels, her foresail and topgallunt- sail took fire,.and were seats burging from their respective yards; her bulwarks also qaught ia:<ove- ral places; but the flames were soon ext guished, and, I am happy to say, she oseaped in safety. In the halgubortiogd of the Armenian church, the fire reged \s1(h inconceivable fury. Seareely an article of any eseription could be saved, so rapid was the pr <3 of the flames. A large portion of the natives saved themselves from destruction by rushing into the river, where they remained, deaf to every entreaty made to them to strive to ar- rest the progress of the devouring element. At 10 p. m., the custom house, in which was stored a large quantity of gunpowder, blew up with a tre- mendous explosion, causing death and destruction far and uear; in fact, with the exception of a few mean huts in the suburbs, scarcely a single house ns of what once formed the large and thriving town of Rangoon. It is out of the power of lan- guage to express the misery and destitution that meet you on every side; the eye beholds whole fami- ng in abject despair under the still smoking ruins, and thousands who have saved ly sufficient covering for the purposes of de- cency.” A visitation so terrific in its nature, has never before been experienced inthistown. Which- you turn, the half-consumed carcases of , and other domestic animals, meet your is altogether the most complete scene of tion that can be well conceived; ALE 5 oa 'y and deso r d and it will be many years, I fear, ere Rangoon again assumes its former importance as a trading port. ‘The origin of this dreadful conflagration is some- what remarkable. ‘The Burmese ship Yathna ye Mahon had_ just dropped anchor onher arrival fram Calcutta, when a native, induced by curiosity to see her, left a handy of oil on the fire in his house, and betook himself to the main wharf for that purpose. During his absence, the fire, by somo unaccountable means, communicated with the oil, and in an in- stant the hoase was in a blaze, which speedily com- municated to the adjoining habitations, and in an incredibly short space of time the whole town was wrapt in one body flame. A strong eastearly breeze blowing at the time, greatly aided the pro- ress of the and rendered its extinction hope- jess.” ‘This is the second disaster of the kind that has occurred to Rangoon, was nearly destroyed by fire in 1814.—Ep. Heranp.) Fashions for March. [From Le Follet—Journal du Grand Monde] ‘The ball last week at the Elysée called forth amore than usual display of taste and elegance, affording us an opportunity of selecting a number of deautiful toilettes the benefit of our readers. First, we would notice a robe of Chambord green de, covered with small broaches bouquets of ilies, the folinge of gold; these bouquets are large at the bottom, gradually diminishing towards the waist. The lady was a la Gréque ; the sleeves were very short, and slightly rai en draperie, with a diamond. button. — The coiffure was composed of light leaves of shaded velvet, mixed with lilies of the valley in diamonds, brought forward on the forchead # la Marie Stuart, forming large bunches with adouble skirt, both trimmed with » wide bouillonne of tulle. The top skirt was raised on the side, with a chatelaine of pompon furmed into graduated rings, linked together ened to the waist. A berthe, covered with bouillonnes of tulle, descended en coeur to a point at the band. The opening at the berthe was filled with» bouquet of pompon roses, producing a com- plete parterre on the front of the body. ‘The coiffure ala Valoise. The hair forming a roll round the forehead, with a wreath of pompon roses over it, «d behind the plait. cae hite droguet over a white satin skirt, open on the sides, and held together with a slight wreath of oak leaves ar all gold grapes. Thi wreath descends from the waist to the knees, whence it is terminated by a band of leaves, mixed with gold grapes, which raises the dress. The satin skirt was trimmed with bouillonnes of talle. ‘The coiffure was composed of a plait of the hair, form- ing a coronct over the bandeaux, with a magnifi- cent open-worked band of diamonds twisted round the plait. A necklace of adouble row of diamonds, nd ear-rings compos fleaves of diamonds, com- s splendid t the half- négligés du soir for ettes, we have noticed one of orange-red velvet, the body & la Louis XV., trimmed with black satin ribbon and light gold fringe, crossed over the opening of the body, and trimming the botton the sleeves. Coiffure, composed of a gold resille, h side with black broche vel- vet ribbon, with long floating ends. A narrow black velvet round the throat, fastened with a triangle of diamonds, with a narrow diamond fringe oa the ends. ,A magnificent large black point-lace shawl is thrown over the shoulders, and fulls gracefully white poult de soie, with two flounces with o triple plaiting of satin, and ling to each flounce. The body a la i# XV., had an échelle of the same plaiting. Over this low body a small casque, with basques of white poult de soie, trimmed all round with plaiting to ma h. ‘The bottom of the half long sleeves are ito match. The fronts of the casqué remain the front of the body, a wreath of wyosoti rming bunches onh eae side. This toi- leite was distinguished for its simplicity and good taste. A robe of white moire antique, with broad satin stripes j aus it Kazawek, with basques of white terry velvet, edged with three rows of narrow white auze ribbon, with a lace The front of the ody was closed from the t to the waist with a bow of grelots buttons of diamonds; bracelets of pearls aud diamonds. A point of white blonde, fas- tened on each side with a white moss rose, fixed with two diamond pins, with drops of pearls and dia- monds, forms the coiffure. Apropos in oa ne of toilettes for the theatre, wemete remar coi ed the great success La Villidre © meets with; it is composed of a black lace nded behind, and falling ovér the neck, an | des descending like a searf to the waist , just above th ad, is placeda hof small brows mixed with ld, mixed with gold ut on elastic wire, trem- a with the wovement among the brown jenves. A lighter style is formed of a white lace veil, with wreath, of rovebuds, or branches of eglantine, falling on either side. A most elegant coiffure is composed of a fichu o gold lace, the four points rounded; those on th side deveending no lower than the ears; that behind rs the plait and reaches the neck; the front of fichu ri ss the parting of the bandeaux. The *, having at the end of whieh give a Chinese ‘A large bow of orange- with gold with long flowin, ends, terminated a fring: gold beads, 1s e wver each ear, This coiffure is called Mandarin Among the many pretty bords, we mast mention one of dark blue velvet, placed on a resille of poarl he which forms the crown, and falls over a large vw of velvet, and pearl beads on one side; on the other, a single white feather, turned spiral, and fall- jug very low behind. The beautiful materials at present ala mote are remarkable for their novelty and richness. We notice, first, a robo of sky-blus # bouquets of roses. over a white satin colored ribbon, br Jthe body ta. Louis XV. sleeves are trimmed with marabouts, and fast with butterflies to match, A wreath of Chambord roves, with some very small diamond butterilies Vighting upon them at distances, Vink satin shoes with pink heels complete this toilette. Mget magnificent ribbons or beautiful Mowers al- ways accompany the light trimmings which ors ening Utestes, A young lady is never mor al than when dressed in one of those robes, ‘a their simplivity, and distinguished by (leit embrotderies, form, and trimmings. Of this Inst style isa robe of tarlatane, trimmed with seven flounces, deeply eealloped and worked with straw-colored silk. “Phe same teiimaing, pros vortionobly warro overs the herthe and steeves, Vhon worked with white silk, this dress is still more stylish : White or hlagl lace caugaous, worn with gi: bodied silk dresses, arw very much admired. are open ever the chest, and more or less worn wit! basques or straight triveusings round the waist, with half Jong sleeves, fastened up on the front, for the arm, by « ribbon bow. Caps are com of points, ov falls of Engtish lace, fastened with floating ribbons or bunches of flowers, and are the prettiest coiffures for demi-toi- lette. Cups formed of magnitieent Valenciennes, mixed with coques of velvet or ribbon, are worn for “home” toilette, Among the novelties of the sea- son We must not omit to mention the triple skirts how worn, which appear like three doops flounces, but more graceful, each yop or! independent of the other. On the edge of each of these skirts are paved three rows of quilled gauze ribbon, alternato- i ink. TD erthe deseends heart- irely covering the small sleeves trimmed with ribbons to mi: On’ cach side of the two top skirts are placed bouquets of roses. A robe of yellow crape with three deep flounces, with a heading of cut crape, separated in the middle by a roulvau of yellow. satin; tl flowaces are raised on each side, with three satin ribbon bows, with long ends. The body cut square & la Louis XV., the front trimmed with an echelle of small erupe ruches. ‘The sumo ruches cover the short sleeves, d ig hell way to the elbow, with a ribbon bow in the middle. With this toillette should be wor coiffure of long brown velvet fo- liage, mixed with lillies of the valley in diamonds. * be of salmon colored gros de tours, with the skirt covered with two deep black lace flounces, raised on each side with choux of satin. A black lace berthe falls over the sleeves and trims the sides of the open body. A small bord, trimmed with a bunch of small white feathers on one side, and on the oj ¢ side long floating black velvet ribbon, completes this toilette. * ‘As we have before stated, the rich materials, with colored flowers, mixed with <n and silver, are of great elegance this winter, ‘Their price is such that none but the most richly dowered ladies can com- mand them; and, we might add, that none but the beautiful should wear them. Fo Miscellany. The American frigate Raritan was in Valparaiso harbor, sorely in want of music. We see she has advertised for five musicians, to apply immediately on board. mea A The Austrian army in the Papal dominions is to receive a reinforcement of 6,000 nen. The Austrian garrison at ILamburg is to be re- duced from 5,000 to 4,000. M. Dupin, the President of the Legislative As- sembly has been confined to his bed by an attack of acute rheumatism. The Carnival commenced at Rome on the 224 of February. It is stated that a convention has been concluded between Austria and Denmark. Accounts from Bologna state that nine \partons have been executed in that town for murder and robbery. The’ Neapolitan King has formed an army of 120,000 men, to aid Austria in her designs-ou the Italian continent. It has been caleulated that there are at present 40,000 persons confined in their apartments in Paris by the peeralling influenza, exclusive of those inthe hospitals. , For the first time since the revolution, permission has been grated for the procession of the buf gras, which took place in Paris on Sunday, three woeks ago. eThe Austrian Cabinet is preparing to address a $5 This eireu- circular to the chief Powers of Europe. lar will contain a lucid and satisfactory statement of the German policy of Austria. Denmark proposes to enter into the Austrian Customs Union, abolish the constitution of March, 1848, and adopt a representative system of estates. In return, Denmark receives a guarantee for all her provinces. ; The Spanish ambassador at Paris, the Duke de Sotomayor, has been recalled, in consequence, it is supposed, of his having paid unusual and uncalled for honors on General Narvaez. The town of Cassel is occupied by « battalion of Austrians and another of Prussians, in addition to three battalions, much reduced in numbers of Ifes- sian troops. It appears that it is not the intention of the Prussian igdcil courts to abandon the pro- secution against M. Hassenpflug. The first-portion of the Turin and Genoa line of electric telegraph, reaching to the royal villa of Moncalini, has been completed. The line will reach to Asti before the end of March, and the whole will be completed in the course of three months. A committee of English gentlemen has just been formed at Calcutta, under the title of the ** Vernacu- lar Translation Committee,” whose object will be to promote the translation of standard works, in general literature, ry, English writers, into the verna- cular languages of India. The King of Saxony, by a cabinet order of the 25th ult., has established a new order of knighthood —*“the Order of Albrecht.” _ It is to consist of five classes, and is to be bestowed for services rendered to the State, and for distinguished merit in arts, sciences, and literature, and also for civic virtues. Some little excitement has been created in Rom» hy a pretended plot on the part of the English resi- dents, to assissinate the Pope. The plot was said to have been formed at the house of an English Pro- testant clergyman. The real concoctor was an old woman, a servant, who appears to have bambooaled the police to get a little pecuniary reward. Several of the most influential members of the Assembly went to the Elysée, to urge upon the President of the republic the propriety of seiz i on the present opportunity (after the rejection of M. Creton’s'mot to select a definitive ministry. The President refused; he declared that he was quite satisfied with his present ministers, and had no ins tention of changing them for the present. The Emperor of Austria held a review at Vienna on the 24th ult. The young Emperor was surround- ed by a brilliant staff of one hundred general offi- cers. A concentration of Austrian troops is to take place at Semlin and Altgraditzka, under the orders of the Ban Jelachich, to intervene, if necessary, in the Bosian provinces. A small flotilla will cruise along the Dalmatian coast, making Zara its head- quarters, Great sensation haa been lately causod at Flo- rence by an intended duel with pistols between two countesses, in consequence of a political dispute. One of those ladies had taken an active part in the war of independence, and the other is a fair da gh ter of the north, whose name is well known iu the diplomatic world. The combatants were on the ground, and the pistols charged, when fortunately their husbands arrived, aud put a stop to the affairs A correspondent of the London Times, writing from Vienna, says, with reference to the system of espionage pursued there:—*What the ‘seeret ex- penses’ of this government now are | cannot tend to say, but that Austria is just now partic ly well served by her agents abroad is undeniable. Every step of Mazzini in Geneva, and every pro- 28 of the central committee in London, are pro- ably as wellknown to the * high’ police] here as to the parties themselves.” The Swiss journals state that a sanguinary con- flict had just taken place at Matten, in the district of Interlacken, between the troops and a band of insurgents, in the course of which two of the former and — of the latter were seriously wounded. Several of the insurgents have been arrested, amongst whom are MM. Seiler, ex-prefect; Michel, ex-director of the prison of Interlacken; Stachli and Ritschard, ex-substitutes of the prefect; Branner, formerly judge of the district; Indermuhle, ex-se- cretary of the prefecture ; Rubini, usher of the tri- bunal; and Shasser, a medical pra Anattempt is being made in Abe out another expedition in search of Sir John Prank- jin, ‘The United Service Gazette notes a curious nautie cal fact, namely, that a ship in the Persian Gulf, in the course of twenty months, hadher copper encased with living coral to the thickness of two feet. At the last Court ball at Vienna, a lady belong: ing toa high noble family, refused, rather disdain- fully, to dance with a young officer, decorated, but not noble. The Emperor, observing what had taken place, exchanged a few words with his mo- ther, the Arehduchess Sophia, and then addressin the officer, «aid— My mother wishes to waltz wit you.” Mr. Shoriff Alison, the historian, has been eloct- ed Lord Rector of the University of Glasgow, by the casting vote of Colonel Mure. A company has just been formed at Gothenberg, in Sweden, under the direction of M. Fahlmann, merchant and vice-consul of een in that tows for the pur; of getting up pleasure-trips to Lon- don and Paris. Several of Tabes ex ditions have been already organized for the exhibition of Lon- don, and not less than 500 persons are. insribed for the first. On their way home, the travellers will thenee to be in readiness to carry yin London and Paris 5 AN kinds of expense will be comprised in the first charge. The same com- pany has also the intention of organiting pleasure tours, at a moderate expense, from France and England to the most picturesque parts of Norway and Sweden. A late traveller among the Ionian Islos says, tho first thing he mot at Athens was a Greek girl selling “ Morison’s Pills.” On Tuesday the Duke of Brunswick made a be splendid ascent in the Royal Nassau balloon, wit! the intention of Galen 94 neronautic voyage to Germany. We hea ¢ the voyage soon came to. an end. Considerable excitemont prevails in. the papal States. Some manifestations have taken place ia Pome, but they were put down by the French troops. ‘The Austrians are on the alert. Lt is feared thay a sorious movgmgut will take place ia the spring. be carried from London to Paris, Hlavre, where steamers will them to Sweden. ede! Land Ownership—‘Leave ” Who begs & brother of the ‘To give liup leave to toil, And see his lordly fellow worm ‘The poor petition spurn, Unuinaful, 't Pp @ weespil ‘And helpless oiapriag mu: TO THE EDITOR OF TIRE UERALD. Sim—Ask me not why a motto of the united Irish- men was “Half rent and no tithe”—ask mo not why the military trend of “the hearts of steel,” and “Tommy Downshires” woke the moonlight echoes of Armagh and Down, half a century ago—wh half that time since, the “Levellers” demolished stone built bounds in which, under Inadlord’s lock and key, luy the starving cattle of tho defaulting tenant—why “ the carders ” transferred tha opera- tions-am tow and wool tothe bare backs of agents and bailidts—why the mid-day rifle of Tipperary clanged onthe still aic a quick-aud startling deat knell of landlord or his minion—why the peasants of France itumined their old revolution with the blaze of burning chateaus—why the serfs of darker Europe oeeasionally rise inv fevered paroxe ‘sm, trampling to death the “tords” who have rutalized them-why the long delusions of Daniel O’Connell were broken in upon and swept away before the cool reasoning of Sherman Craw- ford, and the withering impetuosity of Johm Miteh- el—why the same voico arose fourteen years ago among the half desert mountains of our own State, loudening and deepening till the portals of our capitol flew open to. its approach, preliminary, I trust, to its entering the capital of the nation— why it has pealed in your own streets and work- shops from 1844 to the present time, gathering strength and volume each succeeding year—why it has struck into sparks of civil war among our ‘olden gands of California ! Do not shirk the ques- ion, sir; answer it truly. Say it is an eternal in- inet in the human race, that will not see why a landlord should, a3 Shakspeare has it: “cover the ma a blanket, and put the moon in his ocket.”” ‘Tho fundamental right of every hungry, naked, and unhoused man to go and ask his mother earth (in the only wy brig she will understand, labor,) to clothe, and feed, and shelter him, is so rational and philosophic that no sound thinker can for a moment doubt it. The wants of nature press ue us irresistibly and incessant; and if provision had not been made to supply those wants, man, perish- ing ona globe of rock, could raise his eye to heaven, and tax even his Creator witl injustice. What, hen, should his feelings be towards either popes or 1atroons, kings or congresses, who shut him out from his Father’s heritage, rendering this fair world to him a rock of aridness and sterility? The first great right of man to fall back upon the soil, to seek employment at the hands of nature, whose wages is fixed and regulated by God himself, has never, 80 far as I am instructed, formed more than a secondary article in the creed of Mr. Gree- ley, or the communists, or the socialists. Time after time, both here and in Europe, have they or- ganized communities, and as often have rents aud mortgages helped largely to break these communi- ties down. Nevertheless, they do not appear to have understood the importance of having free land to base their experiments upon. The movement for land reform in this country—for redeeming American earth to its legitimate use—was not com- menced by the socialists in this country. It was commenced by the homespun farmers of Albany county, in 1838. Doubtless, as good men as these have been infidel and socialist; but infidel or social- ist these men were not. Theirs was not the ardor of the French youth bursting upon surrounding despots, to the soul-lifting voice of the Marseilles hymn of liberty. No; like the soldiers of Crom- well’s army, three-fourths of their inspiration and their hope was drawn from the Bible. Of socialis tie ideas they knew little, and cared a great deal less. The family and the individual home were sufficient for them, if they could only be permitted to enjoy those blessings in security end peace. But this they were not permited. Lord ridden Europe had spawned upon our shores a dirty ex- ample of its aristocracy, in the shape of patroons. The trade and oceupation of these patroons was to levy a tribute of ‘good marketable wheat” from every farmer; and, moreover, compel him to cut down and draw home the patroon’s fire wood, and to fork over to the patroon a “ quarter sale,” being 25 per cent upon the price of every farm, every time it changed hands. The farmer was also bound to saddle himself, once in cach year, with a bundle of live ducks, and deposit them’ at “any place de- signated, within a mile of the manor house,” for the use of my lord patroon’s table. ‘This patroon also reserved to himself all ‘mines and minerals,” ‘“waifs and estrays,” “kills, erecks, and running streams,” ‘timber and fire-wood;” and, in fine, burdened the leases with such restrictions and pe- paltion as left them entirely worthless in point of law, You may well ask, “why did the farmers take such leases?” It was done in this way. During the first seven years of occupancy, there was no rent harged—none could be paid, as the settlers labor was directed against the primwval fore: This took many a “sturdy stroke” to overthrow its em- pire of a thousand years. The log-rolling, in order to get this ponderous wreck into burning pies, was rather more laborious than the similar labors now so fashionable among the “ national settlers” ut Washington. The forest cleared, the cabin raised, and half a dozen fields fenced in, then arrived the time for taking up the leases. ‘These were found to contain all the reservations and restrictions above referred to, in addition to the wheat rent originally agreed upon. Many of the settlers could not even speak or understand the English language, and took the leases just as they were offered to them, believing the patroons and their lawyers to be **allhonorable men.” To the shrewder men who remonstrated, it was replied that these things were a mere formula, designed to fill up the lease, and make it of a rea- sonable legal prolixity. If still unconvinced, they were told they might take the lease, or otherwise they must leave the farm, and with it all the results of their seven years labor. This settled the dis- pute. The farmer retired to renew his labors, shorn of hope and of security. Now, if the sons and successors of these men should stand forward at the presont day, and_pro- claim to the world that a piratical Holland Com- pany, or a profligate English king, never had, never could have, legitimate authority over American land, which they had never cither seen or set foot on—if they denied that congresses in this country had power to sanctify a wrong at once so absurd and so dangerous—if they affirmed that the Power who created these lands intended them for the free use of His free children—i ey maintained, with Blackstone, that human laws, openly conflicting with the laws of God, were and are of no force or validi- ty—if rg Fog with the Congressional com- mittee of |, that **tenantry is favorable to mo- narchy,” that * freeholders are the natural supports of a free government”—if they hurled passive defi- ance at the landlords as the Irish farmers did at the Irish barons and their holy claims for tythe, they would, even from this high position, eventually triumph. But this is not ee and I am sorry that itis not. They merely ask that the courts shall decide whether the parchments of drunken Charles of England, and of the company which made its power out of me in the West Indian seas— whether these have been genuinely executed to the potreras, or ure mere cheats and forgeries. If they urn out to be forgeries, then the farmers desire to become tenants, or purchasers, of the State. If genuine, purchasers, not tenants, of the patroons. ‘That is their position, as laid down in all their official proceedings. I think it is a very modest one. But whatever may be their merits or their crimes, Mr. Greeley very little to do with either the one or the other—with their origin, absolutely nothing. No, at the time the farmers of Albany county were raising the free land banner, Mr. Greeley was too busy among log cabins and coon skins either to assist or notice them, for the first seven years of their political existence. When, after a seven years nonage, they grew sufficiently powerful to de- cide the elections of the State, it was impossible to overlook them any longer. That Mr. Creeley, sinee that time, has done considerable service to land reform, nobody is better aware of than my- self. That he has been largely requited, in the tri- umphs of his party, is also well knowa. vith regard to national land reform, the ques tion at issue might lic ina nutshell. By the pre- sent system of disposition, wealthy men may, for a matter of 70 cents an acre, acquire the fabsolute and unending ownership of the choice lands of the republie—with water pri nan water power, site of future cities, minerals, and all else appertaining to those lands. The national land retormors sa: that this is a rather European poliey—that if it. is permitted to continue, it will sow this republic with the tares of destruction. Eleven-twelfths of the public domain is yet inthe hands of the nation. Phe reformers demand that it shall be reserved so, for the free use of cultivators forever. In this they see the futuro wealth, strength, and glory of the republic—the present elevation of the working masses, who must now take long hours aat low wages, because they have no other resource to fall hack upon. ‘The national land reform movement originated in New Yorkeity, in 1844, and it was than ig through its streets for eighteen months before Me. Greeley took tho slightest notice of it. Ido not mention the fact for the purpose of criticism on that gentioman, but simply to show that our enity cannot be traced to so distinguished a source I know that you are not atraid or asharmod to lot the trath be known. ‘Thon, tell the groat mn at Washington that the land reform.fores, nvtioval and loonl, never yrevented such a powor as thy will bring ont at the Prosidential contest of 135 Tell them, too, that they are neither to be eovreed nor cajoled inte the support of any man who is not known, through his previous chara te bat heart a land reformer. Tet them kaow that on this singlo pivot will fur ihe coll ia New York wife Bunss. choose for thomicives defen: vietory. ay Z Sir, 1 know it is a difficult task to © Stem the torrent of a downward age.” pee pemecd from statesinen who vote taemaelyes $30,000 for sleeping a uight in their beds at Wash- ingten ; to brin te away 20, outfit” # royal court in Europe. exception— “The name of commonweaith ix past a to a souse of shame the men who acres of the public lands to furnish dd **inflt”” for a single ambassador to I kaow that, with slight O'er the three quarters of th» groaning I know that if duplicity, rapacity, and corruption forms any index to a nation’s decay, our owa * com- monwealth” is following headlong in the highway of ‘ore destruction. But I hope, sir, that has not saken ag: I hope that tho last and brightest be: light that ever flamed above the rocks of tim doomed to be cast down and trodden out, | the world to darkness and the nations to d Not so, sir,—there is some faith among us as, faith without works is dead,” we s| like thunder at the next presidential election. Tuomas Atvar Dwyer. Williamsburgh, (L. J. J.) March 5, 1351. Intelligence from Oregon. We have received files of the Oregonian, publish- ed at Portland, O. T., to the 25th of January, ia- elusive :— IMPROVEMENTS IN OREGON. Since the passage of the Land Bill, a large majority of the farmers in this sorely are making prepara- tions to put up good substantial houses and barns, and extend their fields and operations in the various branches of agriculture. The ne- glect heretofore in Oregon, has been owing to the uncertainty which extsted in regard to the ‘Titles to their claims. Another season will see many fine residences erected throughout the territory, and much of the lands now lying waste will be redeem- ed, and the desolate places made to * bud and blos- som as the rose.” SHEEP IN OREGON. Many of our farmers have not turned their at- tention to raising sheep, because they allege they have no market for their wool, or the increase of their flocks. ‘This isa mistake. California affords as good a market for sheep as can be found in tho world. There is no place on the whole Pacific coast where toy bear us gooda price, and meet with as ready sale as at San Franeiseo. They can be raised in this territory at a trifling expense, and shipped to San Francisco every two or three weeks by the Gold Hunter, and thus find an excellent mar- ket for the increase of their flocks. The (+. IL. care ried down about one hundred head on her last trip. - REAL ESTATE IN MILWAUKIE. Not long sinee a gentleman was induced to pur- chase some property in a small town located be- tween this place and Oregon City, called Milwau- kie, on which he was assured he could double his investment in a short time. After having made the purchase, he began to reflect seriously upon the ad- vantages and disadvantages of the place, and be- came so fully convinced of the nominal value of his purchase, and the entire loss of his purchase money, that he became deranged, and is now laboring un- der an aberration of mind, He frequently speaks of his purchase as being entirely worthless, and unfit for anything. We learn, howeveg, by his friends, bel the property can be sold, but dt a considerable Joss, WESTERN TRIBUTARIES OF THE WILLAMETTE. The country lying between the Willamette and the coast range of mountains, is perhaps, as beauti- fully situated and well watered as any part of the territory, or we might with propriety say, as any rt of the continent. The ‘4 ‘wality, which empties into the Willamette above the Falls, has several branches, whose sources are in the coast range of mountains, and running northeast and southeast, mingling their waters on ‘Tuality Plains, and ran- ning thence east to the Willamette. Along this river and its branches may be found an abundance of firand cedar, with alternate strips of prairie. Several mills have already been erected and are now in operation on the branches near the base of the mountain. The next tributary of importance is the Yamhill river, which empties some twenty-two or three miles above the mouth of Tuality. “It is navigable for batteaux within three miles of Lafayette, whieh is located at the falls just below the junction of the North and South forks. The valley of the North fork is small in extent, and not ver well timbered, many of the farmers being compelled to go five or ix miles to the mountains for their timber for rails. ‘There is some oak along the hills which answers every purpose for wood. ‘The South fork has a more extended and beautiful level valley. Along the banks of the stream may be found considerable fir and other timber, yet many farmers on the broad spread prairies, and along the foot of the coast range, are compelled to draw their timber several milics, The bald bluffs giong the west side of the valley affords them plenty of stone, which can be worked to very good advantage. There is a gap in the range of mountains separa- ting the valley of South Yanehillfrom that of the Riekrea —- which an excellent road may pass, Without the least pectin rise. Tho distance irom the crossing of Yamhill river through this gap to the Rickreal, is variously estimated at twenty to twenty-five mil The valley of the Rickreal is gently undulat and, to the » is as beautiful a part of the country as we have seea. Tho want of timber in this valley will be seriously felt when itcomes to be settled; but, when these extensive — shall become cultivated, this valley will be looked upon as the garden of Oregon. Many claims have been takenon the prairies by the last emigrants, but there are still a few more of the same sort left. There is considerable timber along the stream, so that those who settle upon its banks are abundantly supplied. The stream is by far the most beautiful we have seen in Oregon. tis from one to two rods wide, about one foot deep in low water, very rapid current, and a beautiful gravelly bed—the water as clear as crystal. The country south of the Rick- real has more timber than the north part of the valley, though mostly oak, which is not fit for rails, being goa From the Rickreal to the Lucamute is from twelve to fifteen miles. Onapproaching the Lucamute, the country becomes more rolling and better timbered. ‘The stream is about four rods wide, very dyep, and rather sluggish, ‘The country on both’ sides suth- ciently timbered for all purposes. There are no flouring mills on this stream—the one farthest south on this side of the Willamette being Nesmith’s, lo- cated on the Rickreal, near the base of the coast —— of mountains. The soil along the Lucamute, and between that and Mary’s river, a distance of a miles further south, is,of excellent quality. ere are many beautiful locations yet to be made in that section of the country, and we think if a man cannot suit himself there he is hart to please, ‘The town of Marysville ix located on the Willa- mette, at the mouth of Mary's river. The site of the town is on a prairie, which extends six or seven miles northward; but timber is plentiful along the banks of the Willamette and Mary's rivers. The mouth of Mary’s river may be considered the head of na tion above the falls at Oregon City, owing to very heavy rapids which, we were informed at Maryeville, steamers could not get up. In addition to the streams mentioned as the wost- ern tributaries of the Willamette, there are num» rous small creeks and rivulets, whose waters flow in- to the Willamette, watering the valleys in their meanderings, rendering that part of the country de- sirable to those who seek conveatence, comfort, and pleasure combined. A new ang J mail route has been established, running from this place by Harris’ Ferry, on the Tuality, thence through Chehalem valley to La- ‘ayette, and then on nearly a direst line through the et he mountain, of which we have spoken, to ‘ol. Ford’s, on the Rickreal, Mr. Linville’s, on ths Lucamute, and thenee to Marysvi This will ac- commodate our friends in that section with as good mail facilities as any portion of the territory enjoy. LAUNCH OF THE NEW WHARF Boat. “The morning commenced most beautifully.” The glittering rays of Pharbus shone upon the # capped summit of Mt. Hood, which reflected the sil- very light into the valley bolow—the wild beasts of the forest hied from their lair, and nature's children walked forth at early dawn to enjoy the “mild and lovely temperature” of the ‘pure and life-givin, atmosphere,” and reflect upon the great event whie was about to transpire. Saturday being the day for launching this beauti- ful craft, which was built here within the last few weeks, “a large concourse of pe assembled from the surrounding country to witness the launch of boat which must be of incalculable benoit to the interests of Oregon.” Atabout3 o'clock, P. M., everything boing in readiness, and the proprietor, Mr. Ankeny, 0: bourd, she was lot loose trom hor fastenings, and slid down the ways, not “like a moteor from hy ven,” but like a thing of earth, in beautiful style Iler dimensions are as follows Wemgth se eee 108 fest. es D do. Depth gf hol 4 dy Draft of water Ih do She is to be finished off with storehouse on first deck, and office and warchonse for light goo leabove. She was christened “ Lot's Wits, of Orog oa,” by the committee appointed to select « nam The music was postponed until evening, whoa the Jowsharp band met, and regalod the visiters wila “Yankee Doodle,” and other national airs. A NATIVE OF ORN@OY. Sate, Doo 25, 1390. Mn. Eorron—Please publish the following --An- other large turn up !—Christinas gift! —Binra——Mes. S. If, Goodhue of a son, Bthinat. Weight Lg ponds. If any ope cau beat the tims and weight, please report, and I will draw of the track. b pow wHonns r Ports avo por M. & shy $10 por Ko: window wines, $3 a PS poe bon: anal ow We. W We. por Light, Camdicn specu, por Li, de, @ 708; nt pair, $00 cloth caps. per dozen, $12 a $13; do. $06 a $48; do. fine do., $48.4 $40; brownie y rn boots, heavy, $50 a Sus. per dow. isions— ht of Next Summer fn C rnin, {From the Alta California, Feb, 16.) It is now past the middle of February. There are not two weeks of winter, properly so called, lett, Not more thaa five or six weeks of the season usually looked upon as, and called, * rainy,” to re- main. Yet we have not had as much rain since the close of the last rainy season as fell in the first rain in October, 1849. From tho present in jon and those which have prevailed for some two wee’ it seems more than probable that the * diy seas has actually begun. The cold west winds have com- menced swelling in upon us from the old ocean, and scarce a hope remains that we are to have even the ananklty, of rain usual between this date and the end of Mare’ Under these circumstances, indepeglent of our interest in the miners, and their prospects inthe dry diggings, the question naturally arises, what is to become of tho live stock of the country ? Ag icule tural pursuits will undoubtedly suffer exceedingly in consequence of tho want of rain; and the mis- fortune will fall vou heavily upon many who have but just commence forming, and_ have involved their all in the new undertaking. Wherever they have arranged their land so that they i they may be able to avoid the ruin which a severe and long drought would otherwise inflict ; for, however superior rain is to irrigation, the latter will answer when the former cannot be had, and good crops may be realized by its use. But the question as to live stock has yet to be an- swered. the wealth of many of the people in this State consists in their stock. The life of their stock depends upon the supply of water and grass to which they can have access. In many parts of the country, the long season intervening between the close and beginning of the r: od season, even after the rain has been abundant, suffices, with its dry sun and hot winds, to make both water and grass searee. What will be their condition by next September, should no more rain fall, is not difficult to imagine. ‘The grass will be dead and worthless, the springs dried up. Somuch impressed that such will be the ea is a large owner of cattle to the east of this bay, th we wot of, that we hear he offers to sell sixteen hundreé head of catile for thirteen thousand dol- lars, obligating himself to drive them wherever the purchaser may desire. He fears they will all die with the coming drought. It is said that such seasons have been experienced and that the cattle died by thousands, here before, ought the rancheros to act, in emergency? Very little idea of improve tofore has been entertained by the country, and that of saving cattle means, could scarcely have been tried, so indolent, geners re those whe 0 vegetate on these ranchos, like the weeds and thistles, and go- T3. ‘et on many of these ranches, or stock farms, the means of irrigating the soil and turning water apon land w' without it, is valueless and herbless, are easily found. Wells can be sunk in places posiess- ing considerable elevation, and water found at a point so much above the level of much of the land, that a stream might be turned upon it, and thus a sustenance forced from the earth to support the poor brute creation. In many of the little valley. the mountains there are streams which up, and which a slight acquaintance wi is ing might enable the farmer to wicld to his own will and the salvation of his stock and erops. We understand that some have already com- menced preparing for the approaching time of tri by examining and surveying preparatory to tu ing, by slight canals, the water of the creeks into new meadows, and for new purposes. It may be, after all, that this dry seasou, shoul prove so, will be an immediate means of d ng the re- sources of the country and the energies of her peo- ple, by foreing them to devise ways and m sto make’ themselves, their flocks, and farms indepen- dent even of the annual rains. The irrigating ps: cwution should be tried—the work commenced at once, ere it be too late. The Discovery of Coal in California, From the California Courier, Februar 10 } We have now in our office, says the San Jose State Journal, a specimen of coal, from a i discovered about fifteen miles from this ei Vanderslice, who has purchased the property on which the mine is situated. The specimen seems to be of the quality called “cannel coal,” not of quite so much density as anthracite, but equally useful deposite is Very extensive; the work of mining has been already commenced, and it is but fair toexpoct, as greater depths are penetrated, that coalof a very superior quality will be obtained. Tho discovery of this much needed article, almost within our reach, cannot fail to entail upon us, as a community, the most beneficial results; and when our railroad shall have been completed and put into operation, one of its largest sources of revenue will be the transporta- tion of coal to San Francisco. The mine is situated within two or three miles of the proposed route of the railroad. Nativity or rue Mex oF Leorstatere.—It is interesting to know wh States of the Union are represented in the Logisla- ture of California. Ihave ascertained the places of nativity of the several members, and I give them to you as follows:—Messrs. Thorn, Field, Bre i ‘tlso nnett, are natives of N Baldwin and Saunderg are nati ! bama; Messrs. Sisle, Hall, Kendrick, Welkins, and aro natives of Kentucky; Messrs. Bigler, peaker) Bradford, and Lind, are natives of Messrs, Campbell, Crane and Mer+ of Virginia; Messrs, MeCandless and Carr are ves of Tennessee; Messrs. Robin Carnes, Y. natives of J chusetts; Messrs. MeCorkle, Kellogg and Mebc all are natives of Obio; Mr. Moore isa native Florida; Mr. Murphy is a native of South Ca Mr. Wethered is a native of Maryland; M is a native of England; Mr. Corarrubias is of Mexico; Mr. Pico is a native Californian. have not been able to ascertain the birth-pla Messrs. Freeman and Randall. From = will perce: hat the gre vers are from New York. Kentucky i State next. Alabaina, re equal in the num- rit are 1 highest, and the old Ba; Pennsylvania, and Vir, ber of their representat Virginia and the Union. In the lower House of tho Virginia Logislatare, on Thursday, Mr. Scott, of the following preamble and reso! oy bate, special order for Friday:— Whereas the States of New Hampshire, Maryland, and Indians through their conventions, and the State of tions, which, afi ation of known as the “Compromise Measure declared their determination to support the as & final ndjustment versy that has so. long the Union; and, whereas, the State of South Carolina fh expressed opposition to those measures, and through Legisiature taken steps to send deputies to the Congress of the Southern States proposed by the late Nashville Convention, an setion therewith, haa pro ed for the assembling of a State Convention to take into consideration the proceedings and resommen- dation of the sald Congrees; and fo fi of taking into consideration thy State in view of her relations to t of the United States; and t mally communicated deentd proper that th Sister States her s Be it therefure reel hat ‘regarding fieneral Assembly, it is make known to her Virginia, ¢ the United States ax a an xoiting v is willing to ac- quiesce in the executed. they and co that if fairly hat harm ony e hare boon hie State sincerely aympathises with South Carolina in the feelimgs exotted by the unwarrint- able interference of the people of some of the States with our domestic institutions; and while she canast ap prove of ail the legistation of Congress touching the «ame, yet she perecives in the present conditi hothing to justify any action © integrity of the Federat Union 3, That in the language of the farewell addowss of the father of our country, she regards tive yorament which constitutes us one pe jor of our real independence ; the «usport ot quiliity at home, our peace abroad. of our «vfoty prosperity, df that very liberty which fuck = watelaing for ite safety with State deems it a duty to declare that the Southern Congress, nor in any way such @ moasure ; a any 1 her part, which eannot but tend to the de ion of the Union and the loss of ail the counties blessings that epring-from it " 4. That tho fogistation of Vermont and ether nom ding States, designed to deprive the South of the only measure of the Compromise conveded for its pro toetion, deserves the severest reprobation. a4 peculiarly offensiys to the Southero States, 94 dera to thet Fighta and feanght with Imminent danger to the Onien }. That the Governor be Fequostod to trananit copies of these resolutions to the Executives of each of the ith a request that they be laid before their isla tures he resolutions were referred by a yote # Special commiltes of 13. On 3 of 64 Wo 57, to $10; tickings. + | ing crowded } rie CaLtronnta 4 features, 2 ordered to be printed, and made the | Coma.tssion on Claims Mexico. Maxcut24.—The Board met to adjoura- ment; present all the members. secretary submitted the following memorials, filed since the first of Febrary, which were examined and ordered to be received:—That of Peter Kerr, for loss of part of cargo of schooner Hannah. chased ashore by a Mexican war schooner. of Jesse E, Brown, administrator of William J. Rus- ‘oport and confiscation ‘ol achecner Alert, at Tampico, 1829. That of James W. Zacharie, assignee Asmus C. Bredall, claiming for false imprisonment. That of the same, assignee of the same, for the seizure and pillage of the schooner Lodi, Corpus Christi, in 1838. That of John Brouner, receiver of the Pelican Insurance Company of New York, claiming to recover insurance tf on the cargo of the schooner Caroline. That of Hetty Green, adininistratrix of Pardon C. Green, claiming for seizure and detention of ship Transit, at Cam- peachy, in 1338. That of George and Peter a ning for seizure and destruction of a flat boat, at ‘Tampico, in 1838, and for consequent damages. The following memorials were taken up for coa- sideration, together with the proofs and documenta connected therewith, namely:—That of William Murphy, claiming for expulsion from the gity of Vera Cruz, on the Mth May, 1846, and for conse- quent damages. That of Peter Kerr, claiming for Joss of part of cargo of schooner Hannah - That of Jesse E. Brown, administrator of William J. Russell, claiming for proportion of ages by seizure and confiscation of schooner Alert, at Tam- pico, in1829. That of John Brouwer, receiver of the Pelican Insurance Company, of New York, claiming to recover insurance paid on cargo of schooner Caroline. ‘Thereupon the board came.to separate opinions that the several claims are valid Apa the republic of Mexico, and the same allowed accordingly; the amount to be awar subject to the future a sell, claiming for ion of demnegs OZ sriaere » of ion of the board. Theatrical and Musical, Bowery Tucatne.—The splendid, romantic and opers- tic apectacie entitled © Johanna D'Arc; or, the Conquest of Rheims,” for the effective production of which every- thing is new and splendid—imachinery, costumes, and properties are by the most talented’ artists, and the music composed and arranged by Mr. A. Tyte. Mr. B. Kddy, who plays the part of Count Dunois, isa very clever actor, and every night elicits the warmest plaudits; and Miss C. Wemyss, an actress of great celebrity, and & very great favorite, sustains the part of J D'Arc with her accustomed cleverness. Stevens ia also forcible iu the character of Talbot, Thi may judge from the larg express their approbation by enthust be likely to have a long and very suce: entertainments will conelude with th the World's a Stage,”’ with a very exe Broapway Tuvarey.—The new and bi entitled “ Presented at Court,” this evening. by those talented. artists, Messrs, Fredericks, Conway, Davidge, Shaw, Scharf, Ill, and Reynolds, Mise Jule Bennett, who is a charming actress, ‘will ay Ann Franklin; Mrs, Abbott, a general figure, and a perfect lady in appearance, as Lady Castle- main; Miss A. Gougenheim, the handsome actrens, ae Lady Shrewsbury; and Miss Olivia as Mes. Middleton. ‘The next feature will be and the entertainments comedy of * All that Glit is one of the best producti seen. Itis filled with strikingly moral features, which are both interesting and instructive, and the intentions of the author ably worked talented artists whe in the comedy way, as Steven Plum, ia nd Whiting and Davidig> are capital actors; part of Lady Valeria utiful character of comedy of * AUL it east utiful comedy will again be performed ‘The leading characters will be sustainod, ear as Mra. orite, a fine Nino's Garpry.—Those who delight in the beauti- ful and classic exercises of the ring, should visit Niblo’s, where a company of equestrians of the first stamp, some of them the first iu the world, are to be acem in the various feats of equestrian and other surprising exercises, Among the names of the distinguished artiste are those of Mile. Caroline Loyo, who has ereated suck great sensation by her style of equestrianiam, ia Paris and London; the brothers Loisset, with their wonderful dancing and trained horses; the great English jester, W. F. Wallet, whose wit, ¢ y and elevated character of humor. enliven the entertaiiments of the evening. Hesides this great attraction. the entire equestrian troupe of Mr. R. Welch, from Xtensive establish t in Phi- No doubt this novel feature et large assemblages every ticularise on what ni as the pieces selected hich i always is a host him: . he utine: : of the day. and tinguisied artists as Lester, Blake, Johnston. Jordan aud Blsad, how can his career be otherwise than successful? But when the namos of Mrs, Russell, Mrs. Skerritt, and Mes. Mages, the at traction is considerably increased. The next picce is * Delicate Ground.” and the concluding feature, the . shman in Paris.” Narioxat. Tuestee.—Tho now and beautiful drama } entitied ity Burnham.” wheel + he presented th’ Fy an excellent stock compa tiful, Mr. Watkins, os Harry of high dramatic training for good acting by the unaniiaos audiences, This piece, ax we ant long and sucesseful run. Purdy | management of the National ming very popular. The swith the drama of rs of delighted ated. wil havea he undertook the aud ia ments wel rea » ise " 1 no doubt, will be | effective in Brot cna’ theatre. This ove gloriously re tendering lain jt next wresty's) Meverny » to spend @ | very happy evening at Mechadica® Hall, where negro minstreley of 'y description off, The singing ts ex nt tho instrumontal ances capital, and the ing exquisite, Ch: capital manager Frevows’ Mover | delight the visitor instrumental performane: «famous band contiquss te beautiful songe 1° opers capital dancing. Donni 1 Christian are great flee | vorites, and reeeive rei d cheers every night, Kel lows is going alead New Onisass denevavens. —We would re our readers that the Prigin New Orleans Ethiopia Trouge give a grand enterta | Trt from Paris. and in the course of th # solo, with variations be crowded. as the price of admission is only tweaty- cents, and the company A No. 1 a Bansew's Mesnom =-Laet evening the benefit of that extremely ti and charming actress, ily fail xaloon, The » beneficiare a9 popular, rprising. ‘The two tious and comic ng lady pleees went off well , parts Mise C. | Maa very c | noon, Ib again thi | Cmevas, Bowrny. —This evening. at the ampbitheatrs, @ complimentary benefit is given to Mr. Geo. W. William. ton. when. in addition to the performances of M lio Louise Tournaiare, and June's equestrian traupe of volunteers are announced. M make her first appearance in New York in horsemanship ite'# minstrels, and Mesers Hora aad Briggs, will appear in an Ethiopian entertainment ; amd other novel features wil! be introduced Miss Vinarena Wrrrrse. on the occasion of the Phil. Larmoniec Society's concert, was received with the warm cat demonstrations of pleasure. Ler voice is pure, swoet and flexible, and she manages it with great musteel bility ame kill | .. A large portion of our readers will be sorry toloatm that the grand Panorama of Ireland. which has been exhi- | biting to delighted aud for some t to be removed from thi not permitting him te | We would earnestly tlready seen it, to aval | for, independent of | heart of ‘an Erie art, and as euch Court of Common Picas. Nefore Hon. Judge Ingraham Maren 2.—Bleanor Warner rs. Thomas B. Moffat, am ‘arnley. Sheriff. whieh was bros ; Supreme Court, was to estab faa fron ef the plaintiff for her alimony, elvat ° ment of the Supreme Court, upon 6 besten ol ob owned by the defendant, Thomas aside or vacate.s judgment. confessed arner, in favor of the acted Moffat alive, an assignment executed Warner to which. tt ts alleged, have been fraestulesny mats fie the purpose of defeating the right of the plaintiff to her ali- mony. It is contended that Warner is @ necessary to this netion. and that ho hav abeconded from the god gone to England: and that it tx therefore not possi. Me toserve him with aaummons, The Judge ordered that service of the summons, in this action, on defendant Warner, be made by publication thereof once 9 week for fix weeks, in the New York Bening Post and New Fork Herald, the same being considered, by this court, as mou likely to give motice to said Thomas Warner Sport Intelligence. Sew Onurass pert Payyeny, 2 on Sunday, Mero 16, 1851.—A posse of $50 was given, free for horses—mile heats, three in five, Henry Weich, Yellow Rose......... J. W. Hartman, b. ¢ Clock Pedlar 4. Chittenden. bg. West Wind... J. Kilpatrick. f 3. Ward. bl. @ Biack Jack Rie Time—1 511991 5d ‘The match race of $100 aside, for asingle dash of @ mile, was won by Mr Tlargraves (from Nashrille) b. Mark Young, beating Dr. Burke's * @ Tearaway in Le) ‘The betting Wes ut mot (or lange mmowale