The New York Herald Newspaper, September 12, 1850, Page 2

@eurse of government. know where to be crowned, whether in Vienna alone, or alsoat Milan and Presburg. | ‘There is some talk of Prince Peter of Oidenburg | Deing appointed King of Denmark, on the abdac- tion of his prerent Majesty; but this is mere Rus sian intrigue, which will hardly be subinitted to b, | ‘the other powers. | The progress of the President of the republic ia | France has not been altogether so void of ostenta- tion as that of Queen Victoriain her dominions. | His tour in the departments is now brought to & close, and his reception has been oue of «lternat- og warmth and coolaess. Whether he has suc- | eeeded in making any very great inpression ia his * favor remains to be seen; but popalarity is not al- Ways enhaneed by public demonstrations. Ja the Meantime, the Comte de Chambord has not been dmactive at Wiesbaden; and the question is, who is to be the king? ay "Phe event by which the week has beea priaci- pally signalized, ir the establishment of comatuui- | ation by elrctric telegraph between England and France. ‘his great achievement of seience has at length been +necessfully accomplished, and the first sub-marme message from the Contineat was received at Dover, on the evening of Weduesday, the 28th ine ‘Thirty miles of wire, encused ia a strong couting of gutta percha, have been im- bedded as far as this could possubly be done, ia the bottom of the channel, by means of leadea weights. Thegiine of custom houtes between Russia and _ are to be abolished on the Ist of January, |) As5l. The President, Louis Napoleon, returaed to | Pars on Wednesday eveniog. The Ku-sian Prince Coustantine had arrived at | yi Copenbs gen. ola Montes is said to have arrived at Hague The repeal rent, on Monday, the 26: ult, | moun ed to the miserable sum of £6 bs. 21 Baron Peunow, the Ruseian Minister, has left | London for St. Petersburg, on a six weeks’ leave | efenser + | The Loy crick Reporter says that sales of Indian oot ceased in that erty, in eo: ¢ supplies of new and healthy nt into market | ¢molia bas left Naples, Uy, to rejoin his father. | at Frunktort affords some nd will doubtless prove a source of | terprising theatrical manager, | din reproducing the | fon’t know which to admire moat, | Mr. Cobden or the Ojibbeway chieftain. They | feemed to hare all the honers at Frankfort. | It is stated extensive coal field has been | south Wales. | test iuerease noted ia the last reveaue Telurns ts in the duty on imported corn; namely, | fom £18,912, in 1847, to £561, 415, un 1849. ' Letters from Brescia speak of aternble inunda- tien, caused by the overflowing of the river Metia. ony lives have been lost and houses destroyed | by y it The United States frigate St. Lawrence sailed | on the 13'h, aud the Sardinian bng of war Colom | te, which br bt the new Charge d’Athiirea, Beron BoLone, returned to Genoa on the Lith, | The American line of packet ships arriving ia the London dock» from New York, continue to bring large quanuties of wine, the produce of the south of Lusope, as part of their cargoes, for rea- rons Which muke it more advantageous to carry she wine twice across the Atlantic than to import it direct The lera was sensibly diminishing at Multa ult. The deaths during the week were enly uv-two daily. The troops continued | heolthy, with a few exceptions amoug the artillery and the 6%. | Gur Lives pool Correspondence. Liverroor, August 31, 1350. The Weather—The Steamship Asia—The Cunard- ers Lirect to New York—Important to Ocean Ateam Navigation, §c , §e , & Sinee the departure of the Hibernia, we have had miserable weather—cold, stormy, and any quentity of rain—and the effect upon the standing crops is twid to be fearful. Top-eoate, I assure you, have been commonly worn all the week, so | upseaeonsbly cold has it been. The Asia is full to the bung! Yesterday, ehe hod 110 pastengers booked, and, to my certaia know ledge, so large a pr offered for a berth. ere can be no doubt that, Mf she could have mimodated them, at least 4 persons would have gove by her. Yew raw the manager of the company receive raphe inquiry whether the sender could go * without having a berth ; the um as $250 has peea oA Lew swer wee * No.” saw penters at work on board ihe Asia, yesterday, knocking up afew extra berthe ia the deck houses. The neat British steamer that leave: N will g> direet—not call —end ro bome. That will be the c of a new system The vessels to Boston, will, howev lifax, as usual, out and home. pall at H tise erthe Asta willcall on the bemeward voy Mr_Hoyter, of the T: ry, is here on a visit to Mr Wm Brown, M Accompanied by Mr. Lrown, he yesterday paid a visit to the Asia, stop- ped on board for av hour, and examined the noble ship thoroughly. They also visited th t office, l understand, relative to the sore subject of a re- moval of the business to « part of the town far away from the offices of the merchants! Relative te this question, erament has treated the Temonstrences here very scurvily The following cory of a letter which appears in the Chronule of to-day, will be read with inte- reeb— Bcramere Jom Martina. May 16, 1850 ba pplied the to this port, 1 from the colliery at Four Milo nd, and having expressed ‘ on reaching this pla While commanding the above veanel trading betwoen Bydney aod Adeinide [ frequently purchased coal at the latter port. and lly that brought by vessels ant (Nowoastio, N. 8. W ft produced, rendering It a furmacen at least every three 0 y ote ary to clean oat t re. From this objection I flod the Maitiand coal is entirely free, and except that it burns a little fas i to any Eoglich I ever remember to have ¢ to 10S) or 19 jon urged against the Maltiand oo! din the other esitleries is, that it is Liable to heat om long voyages. This I deny to be the feet The Mary Banat a m Bydacy 200 tons of bed them on board for ation of the 2 y ne carried fro one K for upeards m of beating eather f am BT. ¥ KIRSOPP i yet show no ey ® on board in we bediently W OP De Bares, Bow The Death of Louls Philippe, the last King of France. THR DRATM [Yrom the London Chromiele, Aug 27 ) jae wore etrange incident im the annals of a Strenge bout. A king, for whom a nation over- threw a dynasty, has died an exile. Louie Poilippe, ¢s-hing of the French, expired yesterday , &t eight o'clock, at Claremont, in the f the ex-Queen and the following mene bis farnily:—The Duchess of Orleans, the de Varies, the Deke de Chartres, the Dake cheers de Nemours, the Prince and Princess ville, the Duke and Dishes d’Aumale, Lochese Auguete de Sixe Coburg. The King bed been made aware of bis approaching due solotion evrly the previous day, and receiving with calmorse the awful intimation thus first broken to him, prepared for the final arrangements he Wished te incke. After aconversation with the Queen, be dictated, with a remerkable clearness, & copels ion to be memoirs, im order to complete a history which iliores had for some months com- pelied bim to suspend. Le them caused to be sum- moned hie chaplain, the Abbe Grelie, all his chil- dren and grandehildren, who were at Claremont at the time, end in the presence of the Queen and his fomily he received the lost rites of the Roman Ca thelie Church He then remained for som: time surrounded by his a in the evening the de! had been 7? disa ppr are: fever came on, which continued duriag the night with mach violener, but wi it disturbing the compoeure of mind which never abando: At the hour we have named, the fever had reached morn Towards seven o'clock lity from whieh the King and in ite place sence of miod, and spired all preseat with tender an fol admiration. At half-past came more oppressed, and, ia Warde, he expired The atfan Queen, in at eon withia her arms the life} # hueband ; che then took « Inet em wards around the de. bed, and who all, by a eimitta | drew around het, ehe exid r me to remain always united | sot it father, ow hove bee We will be for you, ar w for Wim,” woe ther r aoe, and With sublime resivnation, and trraing to her children, who were ull aceon ments ofthe old King ; the | man soul contendin, | causes us try, which loves aod i see them laboring except for its pac’ glory. tion ond without pt 1 | hie exile my y | sor the inst ou" | Way from intrigue, without rancor, « The Emperor dors not | this efiecting scene was closed by embraces and by tears, The Duehess of Orleans, het gisters 1a- jaw, and the princes, licity of bis deaths they atl derived an impressive eston frem his dyine worde, and those which are | sind by the great spectacle of the hu- lol Poel with the body, whose bonds | severity of her judgments, and a sreusans pocmsos ay! it was about to break. i ; The Constitutt.mnel says:— The immediate cause of the de th of King Lowis Philippe was ao acute pleurisy, Which caused considerable effusion. A puncture made after death on the diseased side, caused en abundaat How of fluid, which proved | the cerrectness of the opinion of the physicians | Without this aecideat Lours Philip, v | eurvived for six weeks or two menths the orgiaic change which was long agoobserved to have tuken | place, might have THE FUNERAL ‘The remains of the royel exile will pe removed to-morrow morning (Saturday,) at an early hour, from Claremont, for intermentia the Rema Ca- tholic chapel of St Charles Borromeo, Weybridge, Surrey, four miles from Claremont, and will ulti- mately be removed to its fiual reatiog-place in Poris. The service will be conducted by Dr. Witty, in the absence of Dr. Wiseman, (who has gone to Rome), assisted by the Abbe Gnuille, the chaplain to the hbousenold of the deceased, the Rev. John Welsh, the minister of the chapel, and the loc) Roman Cathohe cletey. ‘The coffins (there are four) hive been mtnufac- tered by Mr. Chittenden, furnishing undertaker, of Greek street, Soho. The inner one, containing the remains, is manufectured of the best Spanish ma- hogeny, lived thronghout with white satin, aad covered with lead of unusual thickness; the third coffin is alo of mahogany, highly pol ; the e jor or state coffin is of the same material, co- vered with rich black Genoa velvet, thickly stad- | ded with silver nails aad ornaments, with handles of the seme metal, most elaborately chased. Oa | either side are the erms ot the house of Orleans, in bas relief. The plate on the lid is surmounted by aregilecrown, underneath which are three /leur- de-lrs (the arme of the Orleans branch) The in- cription is as fullowa:— Louls PI Mort a Clare! (Oonté de surrey, Angleterre! Le 26 Aoit, 1850. ‘The funeral will be private as possibl +. OPINIONS OF THE PRENCH PRESS. [From the Journal des Debate. } Melancholy news, too surely foreseen for some lime peet, Was yesterday received in Paris, where it produced @ general ard poinfal umpressioa. hu Louis Philippe died oa Monday, in the 77th year o! his age. we have @ right to express, without re- serve, the bitter regret und deep afilwtien which the death of this last King of eoustitutioaal Prance We have always honored, supported, end served him. His cause, which was that of re- presenialive monareby, Was our own; we honored | his person, we defended his policy. But we do not know whether there exists in’ France and ia Europe, an honest party, an avowable opinion, a n of feeling who does not with us feel regret at this sad end of a prince who, after having secured to his country the most calm and the most prospe- | Tous eighteen yearo of its history, went to die on a laud, before his time, it may be said, for his age was still green and vigorous; but neither the vigor of his health, nor the strong spirit of his mind were sufficientto bear up against the ingratitu te of bis country? Not ouly nas the life of King Lovis Philippe terniinated in exile,it has beea shortened by exile. It his heart had been less French, the King who caved Frence in 1830, and whom France aban doned in 1848; he, whom the greatalarm of French society hed raised as a buckler in July, and whom the ceprice of the country overthrew eighteea years aferwards, this king, if he had not been an bouest man, public misfortune would have well avenged after February. Had he been lees of a patriot than he was, he would have triumphed at the rum, the humiliations, the disasters, and the disgraces of all kinds which violently sucesedec his peaceful and hoaored reiga! He would have tri- umphed at these sanguinary struggles, te which foctions, unchained by the fell of his throne, gave theinselves vp, over ite ruins. But at all of these Misfortunes, which were like a demonstration, which Providence, justly severe, wished to give of the wiedom of his policy, the King only felt the mort bitter afilieuon. The Justification which the cotastrophe of February gave him, supported his conscience; it devolated his heart and shortened his life; itis this Which makes us think that we shall not be alone in regretting end deploring the death of the King. Hiscause was,before his fall. that of consti- tutional monarchy ; it became after February that of society itself, Every one has felt this, even those who tock a criminal or an impradent part 19 that werk of destracton. Every one now admits it, even those who have profited by it ; for it is not only the commercial and manufacturing commani- ty of Frence which hes made the amende honorable Jor that great disaster, it isthe goverament itself, D its most lofty expression, When it wen’ to the door of a polineal prison, to render homage to the concervany les of eociety, too long misua- derstood and ow 4. This salutary reaction of public opinion, in taver of the poley of the last reign, the King was able to recogaise, towards the clove of his life, by some iacontestable signs; deep. ly eficeted at the injustice of his contemporeries, he never doubted the jastice of history, History commenced for him some months since, its autici- peted judgments reached him through all the or- ge 1 publicity, and with every breeze which bew from the land of France to that of his exile ; it is the only contola'ion he wished for, it was wor- thy hisexalted reason, This justice, in anticipa- ticn of the fature, smiled on his last moments. (Prom the Constitutionnel } This death would have beea, th years ago, & great and terrible political event; itis at present a reat und pathetic spectacie. It would thea have \ Nn @ sul lect of terror; it will now be one of noble sadness and philosophical commiseratien, Louis Philippe has ended his life better than he ended his rein ranee, it may be said, wi lied with tat terpews ogeinst him, on seeing him fall from his throne, atter a struggle which he did not know how to prevent. The rentimeat of the peril in which he left us, made even those who hed been devoted to his government severe towards him. This souve- nir, however, disappears before a coffin, and we only eee bis steical end, his noble resignation as a Christian in presence of death. [Prom the Courrier Francais } Loni Philippe is dead. Politiealiy be had ceased toex Hie death will not the leas cause a pro- found eeneatioa, After Napoleon, Louis Philippe ia the man who has held the greatest place in the age. He want lto be king, and was so, and he f sve France eigateen years of peace and industry. le Wes @ great mind, a superior character, a choice intelligenee. He was courageous, and yet in 1st he did not knew how to held the sword. He was superior in ali things, and yet he always failed to have a principle in whieh to cause his dynasty to teke root. France pot the leas owes homage to the memory of thi great man, who possessed so many eminent qualiues, and in whom posterity will not find either stnking vices or sublime vir- tues. The country owes tears to this royal tomb; it owes, above all, sympathy to that affected family * hich bed against it the illegitimacy of its starting poiw!, and for it all those whom it has succoured, sheitered, euriched. The death of Louis Philippe is enevent. By hie quatitier, as by bis faulw, he belongs to history, bat his disappearance from the world chen ges nothing in the present situation [Prom the Pays} From the depth of exile, the thoughts of King Lovis Philippe did net ceare to dwell on France, for the prosperity of which he made such numerous aod sdvantegeous efforts. Many reflections must passed through hie mied, and alee through ious, which were for him by #0 hostile. Many pre- wappeared. The dignity which he dueplay ile aseures him, as mach greatness, a place ia Ristety The dwiaterested counsels which he has left to Princes, his cone, mu roused his memory with the respeet which is mately due to it The Powrotr, which is weunlly regarded as an organ of the Elyrée, equally jaet im the notice thot it gives of the deceased King. It saye— Llowever foreseen and imminent was this death, Wwe do not consider it aa less deeply to be regrevied. France, now so naturally uneasy, suetaias an irre- perable lows, b se the prudence of the old King served ae a euide and modeveier to many an ardent idea, many @ personal opinion, whieh will, per- hape, be tempted to give themselves full career, and eugment the elements of confusion already eo All that noble and wtelligeat femlly of bad for their head a respect and deference whih emounted almost to veueration, as these able men who bid sided him to govern France foved in him a bond of union. The old King was convinced that, in a time of agitation like the pre- sent, the nephew of the Emperor was, by the in- fucner whieb his neme exercises on the masses, & previdential means of order and preservation; aad we have often heard his most intelligent servants express with firmness that convieton. The death of Louis Philippe certainly will not weakea the opinion of there men, so justly considered; bat we live in atime of avatchy, where itis not always the best and most clear sighted who direct. Que theught, however, reassures we—that the princes of the house of Vrleane will fiad ia the noble patriotiem of which they have given the example, the means of supplying the place of the wise coua- celeof their iMustrions father; and that the coun proud of them, will never ation and [Prom the Parle Pres) After having borae his eceptre without oxte: Louis Phitiyps se and reyret 0 years ia a corper of to and tupported in his mistortupe by the dev {atthe last mo- | of that noble iudy, who, after having been the pru- fae ail witnessed the sin- | denee and wisdom of his we tion of his adversity and the angel of bis last mo- | Way reiga, Was the consolu- mente. In the face of that spectacle, politics them- selves show commiseration, history adjourns the nation like France only allowe respect be to full fromats hand. Fortunately, we are allow- ed ut present to love liberty without avenging it are not any longer in that ume of tral when jus- tice Was treason and pity acrime. Thinge have resumed their real names io the puri morals aud the grandeur of our civilization. Jus lice is a duty; pity isa virtue. The tirst repubdl ‘was ituplucable, and delivered royal headsup to the exevationer; the new repuolic is imp: can, without weakness, honor the ber whore throne it overturned. 9 {From the Sitele}] This is not the moment to apprecia’ man for whom the tomb has just opene te the states- policy we have opposed conscientiously and with oye good faith, Bat the whole of France will give re- grets to the map, to the tather who, when on the throue for eighteen years, gave au example of pri- vate virtues ; at will accompany with its respectful uflection, in her exile, und in ber widowhood, taat noble jady Whose pame is blessed by so many uno- fortunate people. If the policy of dymasties wishes that exile be prolonged for the living, it will not, rhape, think Uhat exile is necessary fur the Whe ex-king, Louis Philippe, may be laid near ia} eldestson, We Duke of Orieaas. Lt is not only the republican sentiment, 1 isthe French feeling which we here express in a few words. From the National ] i The English Mg announces the death of Louis i d | which it was an established per ing with heathens, Christians were ot bound by j,and whose | Weakness, so debasing, and od, | ‘She General Policy of the United States [from the don Times, Aug 26. There ure few nts relating 10 tive emeral poliggot the United States, that do not ia some ome entangled with the great difficulty of tlavery ; and events most fluttering to the national pride, most conducive, apparently, to the national greatness, prove oftea an humilistion aad a source of weakness, because they serve to complicate and increase the difficulties of the state, by bringing We | inte increased action the many interests and sions connected with this miserable inetitavoa. The pregent generation of Americans are no more fication of our | answerable for the existence of slavery, than are the present generation of Englishmen ; and our an- pel mas who first aemniants and afterwards fos- tered it, acted aczording 10 the spirit of an age in doctrine, that in deal- ordinary rules of morality. But, without in- q upon whom and in what degree rests the blame of establishing an insutution so fraught with us as those 80 we may freely canvass the acts of ? rgy and their skill diy direct their ene; he | to the end of mnintaining it—of continuing it where at present existing—and planting it where at - sent it does not pullute the land, _ The most entightened American stateemea have, in all penods of their histo: ory» deplored the exist- ence of the evil-~have equally wished it an end, and some have energeticully striven to eradicate it. At the very formaiion of the c leracy, a serious is | attempt was made to abolish it, and a division of the thirteen States was on the point of occurnag, because the delegates from the spre bolding Sales would not accede to this wengonn: The reace was for the momeat deferred, not setiled. When, however, the ude of population overflowed the boundaries of the existing States, and new com- Phibppe. Too many tevere judgments have been. | munities were formed, aud at length new districts in these latter times, passed on him, to allow us tO | were huve the courage to characterise, at preseat, the part played by him in the political events which have taken place since he had anything to say te them. We shall merely refer to the last lesson which he received from fate, because it tends to public in- stucton. Louis Puiippe had based his influence on the support of maverial mterests. By over ex- citing inttuets of cupiduy, by offering large pre- Miuuis to men anxious toacguire aud to enjoy, by attempting to render more intense the sort of in- dustrial fever of which he had found the germs in- troduced by filteen years of monarchy into our s0- cial organization, he thought he could exunguish for ever both the philosopmeal tendencies which emencipate the though!, aud the immaterial wants which spring vp fiom thet emavoeipation, That was the and fiaal word of that policy which = th ere colleagues of Louis Philippe admired and imitated. The revola- tion of February demonstrated to them its nullity. And they do not kaow at this hour that, by a clearly-proved correlation, ameliorations are connected together, and that a people which be- comes rich becomes enlightened, and becoming 80, enfranchires itelf. It they are not aware that independence engenders the Waut of a liberty more elevated and more complete, most certainly the feultis notin events, Which have shown them that all acts of progress, like all nations, conjoiatly rerponsible. much for the past; for the pre- sent, the death of Louis Paily ig an event with- out importance. The oaly efleet that it can pro- duce 1# to deprive the Orleanist faction of the prestige of adroituesa which, in spite of the faults which the Count de Neuilly had committed, many persons through abit sail attributed to him. = Wall itbe said that this death will facilitate the fusion, which, to certain theoriciens, appears the great secret of modern politics? Even were that to be the case, we should sill say thatit isan eveat of very moderate importance. The question still re- mains placed, in our opiaion, between the monar- chivis and the republiewns. These latter have van- quished the monarchy, when it grouped around it almost ail the torces ot which it cam dispose in the county. It is net probable that when in exile, and induced to unite around it a small number of par- tisans who do not represent, everything reckoned, @ *quadron of the famous army of Conde, the monarchy in its turn wiil triamph over the repab- he. At all events, the death of Louis Philippe will be for nothing in the contest. The French Republic. THE TOUR OF LOUIS NAPOLRON—THE DEATH OF LOUIS PHILIPPE. ¥ 5 The President of the Republic has finished his tour, and returned to Paris. By telegraphic de- epaiches from Nancy and Metz, we learn that the Prevident, beside quitted Strasbourg on the 23d, was received everywhere upon his passage with warmth and sympathy. At Sarrebourg, where he siept, an immense crowd assembled from ail poimts of the arrondissement. At Luae- ville, notwithstandiag the heavy that fell dung all the moroimy of the 2dth, ural national guards came to joim the national guards of the city. At his entrance tuto Nancy,svnere the President arrived at seven onthe eveniag of the 24th, be fouad « tiumphal arch erected by the workinen of the suburb, with this inseription— “God protect. France. workmen of the sub- urb to Lovis Napoleon.” An immense crowd ac- companied him to the prefecture. 1a the evening, he astisted at a ball given by the city. The Presi- dent a at Mew at two on the afternoon of the 2 atthe The eu ot Louis } nayorend municipal council were he railway to receive him. rawn froin the Strasbourg speech poleon are mueh more fevorable to the repose of France than those wich were gath- ered from mperivlist manifesto of Lyons. The modest and humble key in which he sigaities that his chief ambition isto be an honest min, gen- erally imputed to the severe lessons which have bern read to him on his voyage throug Alsace. Meenwhile, en incident has occurred at Nancy, which has stirred a good deal of attention. A tremendous row occurred at the ball given ia that city. An officer of the National Guard, advancing towards Louis Napoleon, requested him to shake hands, The Presilent, it seems, was not in a hu- mor to allow snch freedom to pass, and, decliaing the favor licked, rephed: “1 am not in the habit of giviog my hound to every one.” Here- upon the officer set up a shout of © Vee lt Reyreb- digue!” in whieh all present of that way of thiak- ing joined. But the party of the Prewideat, having the advantege in point of foree, vehemently de- manded that the officer should be turned out, a messure that was set about without the least ceremony; for the ofleader against etiquette was forthwith collared by one of the President's saite, and after 4 violent tussle between the contending partie, thrust out of the festive meeting, while the entourage of the Vresident raised i shout ot ** Vere Nupoleon!” accident eeemed to dash the spa of the ladies, the President toid them to be not at all alarmed at such a trifle, but to continue their dancing gaily Nevertheless, a great portion of the compan: Ll peared, and loud cries of “ Viwe la Republique’ were heard outside in the street. The news of the death of Louis Phillippe wos received at Paris with complete imeredulity, not- Withetanding the antheutic character of the re- ports and the positive statements of the English pa- pers. Hence, probably, the apparent apathy of all parties at this solema announcement. Itis gener- ally supposed that the removal of the ex- King from the scene will be sueceeded by a divergeacy be- tween thé views of the eurviving benches. The Duchees of Orleans is guided completely by the counsels of Thiers, who looke upon the renewal of Louis Napoleon's term of power as the only game > whieh can be played in the interest of either moaar- | the ttle of the Coaat de Pariein cular. Joiavi le: eeme,oa the ocher hand dirpored, like the ultra legitimiste, to an active op- position against the President's goverament, aod there ie a emall Orleanist party, repre. eented by Jules de Lasteyrie, who are inclined chy in the abstract, o to take up thie li vod bi him forward as 4 candidate for the preridency in 1562. The progress of thie scheme must entirely depend on the conduct of Louis Napoleon. If the nephew of the Emperor behaves with common prudence, he will enlist the burgraves: bis service. If he repeata the old mot eeless provocation inaugurated with of the 3ist of October me. and keeps three or four papers in his pay to bully apd insult the legislature, and threaten the country with Kiehteenths of Bromair, w he gives military banquets at the Elysee—if, in short, he falle into the hands of the club of the Dix Decembre, be will soon find that he will have some formidable ho gaa in the field at the next Presidential election It is eupposed that the son-in-law of Louis Phi- lippe, the King of Belgians, has been a, testamen: which was latterly the chief care of | | to ehift a responsibility which demanding to be admitted into the Union, either as territories or States, the question of slave- Ty again rose, and wes now attended with a new and formidable difficulty. Among the thirteea ori- ginal States, the majority, at the ume of the forma- uon of the confederacy, possessed slaves; but it was evident thut this preponderance could not be maintained in the Congress, if new States were a4- mitted in which slavery was not permitted to exist ; and whe ther it should exist or not was the one grind question Which came to be debated whenever anew community demanded admittance iato the Uaion. Allength the natural consequence of the existeace of a tree press and free institutions foliowed. A strong feeling of shame and abhorrence arose iu the nunds of many because slavery was permitied in @ land and among a people which,§upon every occasion, boasted, and, fexcept upoa this subject, with truth, of the wisdom, justice, and beneficeace of their sociwl and politcal institutions. A stand was on eyery opportunity made against any extension of slavery, and when Missouri clauned to be admitted to the Confederation, the anti-sia- very States were so fiercely opposed to any further extension of slavery that it vecame evident the Union must fall to pieces unless some compromise were eflected. Wath all politicians of intluence ia the United States the maintenance of the Union is an object looked to as of religious obligation, and they therefore set themselves sedulously to work in order to devise some plan which might satisfy the contending parties ; und the result was the cele- brated Missouri compromise. A parallel of latitude was proposed and chosen, north of which slavery hereafter Was not to be permitted; south of which it might exist if sanctioned by Congress on the ad- mission of any State beyond that line. All that wes settied by this meng ment was clearly settled agsinst slavery, and the North was fortunately to be for ever free from the infliction; but it was equally evident that, as respected the South, the same debate would recur upon every new occa op, and the demand by a Southern community to be admitted eather as a territory or State, would be the signal for a renewal of hostilities. The question Was not doomed to remain even in this condition. ‘ Meaico, upon her declaration of independence, abolished slavery (uroughout her dominions, au the white inhabitants of Mexico there is no ttrony antipathy tothe black race. A negro is there allowed to have the feelings of @ man, to exhibit the same passions, to act aiter the same maaner as other men in the pursuit of power, wealth or plea- sure; and as s00n as he was by law free, he was. eocially received as an equal. of feeling in the Mexican territories whea Texas was rent from them by the United States; and when, by the treaty of Queretaro, the United States themselves became possessed ef a large por- tion of Mexico. The condition of the black popu- lation was sadly deteriorated by this change of masters, bul the position of the slavery question was greatly altered also. By re-introduciag stavery into those countries, it was now plain that violence would be done to the feelings of the white mbabitants, and also that those priaciples of government conecerated by the United States— pnociples which insured to the le, meaning white people, perfect self-government—would be infringed and ampled upon. American states men have always hitherto excused themselves With respect to slavery, by saying, was torced age us against our will, and Eagiand is aaswera- ble for the in, net we.” Bat here would be « case in Which the ein would be wholly American— the in of forcing upon an unwilling people the dete@able institution of haman thraldom. Again the contest began betweea the slaveholding und non-slaveholding Stutes, but under auspices far more fevorabie to freedom than heretofore ; asthe commupities aeking for admittance to the coufede- rauon, though south of the line of the Missouri compromise, demanded also to be perfectly free States, and protested against being compelled to adopt slavery simply in order to sustain the power of the slaveholding Staves in Congress. In this state of things California desired to be admitied as a State, New Mexico and Utah asked to be received as territories; and again came the question, “Shall slavery be cotableahed in these poe any aap California “had = decided the point by at once passing a sweep W, prohibit tlavery within her territories. In New Mexies the feeling was equally strong, and Utah al What was Congress in such circumstances to « To permit these Sinies to remain anconueeted with the Union, was a dangerous experiment, and might prove & msichevio xample; to admit them and abolish slavery would be to give a powerful addi- tion to the force of the abolitiouist party; to force slavery upon the new States would probably lead to direct and armed opposition. Mr. iy. as clear- heeded @ man as any in the Union, of undoubied iptegrity, great iatluence, and deeply impressed with the Ganger attending the present unsettled condition of the question, endeavored to evade the porn secing that yp ny with it directly was overly lnpr 18 proposed compromise (for in that character be propounded bis plan) was Wisely concetved. He sted to Congress that the brst course would be to leave the question in each case to be settled by the new States them- selves—to adhere sofar to the Missouri compro- mire oe etull to prohibit elavery in the States to be formed noth of the line of compro- Mise, but to permit it to the south, if the new State itself should by a formal resolution adopt it. Ce se by this plan would get rid of the embarrase the question would be divested of its enormous danger by being broken into fragments, and discussed separately wad at diflerent tines by the seperate States. Sach an arrangement would, as regarded the United States, have beea perma- nent, and, therefore, more usefal than the prece- ding Miseourt compromise, which, theugh of im- inediate benefit by preserving peace, left war powi- ble upon every succeeding diseuesion. If Mr. Cley’s proposal had been adopted, the question would never again have been mooted in Congress, and thie one fearure of the plan must have greatly enhanced its value m the opinion of every sates man Who rineerely desires to maintain the Uuion in ite mtegnty. The plen, nevertheless, was defeated by a com- bination of parties, which would have combined vpon no other possible tion with rel ition to it, On the one hand, the tierce slaveholders’ party opposed the compromise, because they believed that the result was inevitable, and would be against thei views it the question were left to the separate States themselves, On the other hand, the more uncompromising portion of the abolitionist party object to this proposal as a half mea- sure, insisting that Ce was not belonged to it- eelf, ond that in oe! to the opinions of the majority im the United States, the question ought to Le settled at ouce and ng de- claring egainet any furiher extension ela very. TI two parties thue agreed to oppose Mr. Clay's proposal, and throw out the bills foaad- 4 “Wash. ‘ash- = on ite principles, and fora time oy ed likely to succeed. Mr. Clay le ington on the defeat of his plar, and the ques the ex King. tion teemed about to be delayed until another A devpatch has been rece ‘i tersion of _Parther consideration, how- the Precident’s scorpiinn on ‘Condes eal tae ever, bas fortunately induced the Senate to admit which he passed through after leaving Metz, wan | © a8 a State upon ite own proposed eondi- highly satiefaets 4 He reviewed the garrison and bone ay ayy *, i} sailogal guard ot Verdun. difficulty that remains (for the House of 44 lemsy, tatives, Will, without doubt, act in unisoa with the Serious difficulties have arisen in the way of eet- | Senate) relates to the boun Texas, and thing the dispute of the Piedmontese government | here #leo, we believe that the good sense of Ameri- with Rome. The Pope and Cardinal Antonelli | ©#® politicians will bring « ‘an amicable ad- will be estistied with nothing leas than the fall of | Justinent. Slavery may, in conenquence of the Areglio cabinet, or at least the dismissal Siceatd: und all the liberal ministers. “Reaveass and insolept a8 this demand is, it seome but too f bable that it will be backed by the cabinet of It is reported that Au ye to publish the organic stata oe abou dineuedoe the measure, "Thus, Sehwortzen bur e lloly See with liberal advies, while ie + pression npom the goveroment of Furin. dis. | 09 the pert of these in the United States, and men now living may see its utter ex- Unction within the wide territories of the republic. An obstinate tion to this inevitable teade South may delay, but caanot wi ranee. Avstrin, etrange to how: powivion to serve t Pete peered, L4 Cems timately prevent this result. Agother consequence than the government of the French republic: aad, | M&¥, indeed, attend their opposition, which possi- in proportion as she oreo, Prance coger ee dents | BO thelr eager and ejedion will not allow thea diny work of renetion ia Italy, mantana a cou . te. Rock: which eeparate Oalifor- nia from all les aswoens xeept Oregue, egnerive’e natural and point to a poliucel arrange ment, to which the present feelings of parties in the Wend & belping hand. The whole may tract of country weet of the mouutains, aod wirk- ed by the Pacific, see:ns intended by nature for one @ separate goverument. To govern these re- me from Washington will be found at all times cxopedingly difficult, and will soon become impcs- sible, if the habit of exclusive self-goverament should, from any accident, be once formed. A it State, created eut of the separate States west of the mountains, might, indeed, look southward, aad unite in federal bonds with Mexico, and thus form a useful balance to the power of the greatj repub- lic, Are Aimerican statesmen wise when they in- duce men, by their party disputes, to contemplate plans which, though they be opposed to the imme- diate interests of the United States, come reco - mended by flattering suggestions of independence and great personal advantage 7 Tho United States the Spanish Govern- mm The following appears in a Madrid letter, dated Angas 17 :—The state of relations betweea Spain aud the United States is, we learn, at the present moment,far frem tatisfactory. The Cabinet of Washington has recently addressed to its repre- sentative at the Ceurt of Madnd, @ note couched in language of unusual energy, complaining of the arrest of several citizens of the United States in Cuba, on presumption of their having favored the piratical expedition of General Lopez. The go- vernment cf the United States has every reason to believe that many of these citizens are entirely and abdsoluely foreign to all proceedings connected with that movement. But even had there been strong presumption of their guilt, the measures of the Spanish government at Cuba, in violating the domicile of these citizens, forcing their doors at untimely hours of the uight, to the great alarm and anguisa of their families, dragging them away violently to prison, where they are mis au secret, that is, isolated within, and not allowed to hold apy communication with their friends with- out, and there sufiered to remain, without being subjected to any interrogatory or judicial examination in order to establish” their guilt, or being allowed any opportunity of proving their innocence—such measures would in all cases be totally at variance with he custome of interna- tional law. The Charge d’Affaires of the United States at M is, therefore, instructed to expre: the surprise and pain of his government on lear ing this violent and illegal treatment of its citizens by a friendly power, and to insist upou immediate orders being sent by the central government to the Captain General of Cuba to put a stop to such into- lerable grievances. The government of tne United States also dwelis upon the precious time lost in exchanging despatches upoa ubject of this na- ture across the Atlantic, whil citizens are suf- fering prejudice in their persons and property ; and where even @ day of delay is a matter of high im- poriance; months ure suflered to elapse without any step being taken to procure their liberation from confinement, much less their compensation for the wrongs and injustice suffered. Fiaally, the American government declares that it is resolved to act with energy, in order to procure a epeedy and satisfactory solution of this question, and pro- teste aginst any procrastination on the part of the Spanish gevernment. Tne American Charge d’Af- fairee haS had several interviews with Senor Pidal relative to this affair, and has just sent off a special courier to London, with despatches for the govera- meat 6fthe United States. [i is thought that the answer of the Cabinet of Madrid, which is reported in this communication, will be deemed far from sa- tisfactory af Washington. We are, therefore, looking out for a storm in this quarter. It seems by no means imposeible that, if the American citi- zens upjustly incarceratad in Cuba are not speedily liberated, @ mere formidable demonstration than that o: Lopez will astonish the eyes of the natives of Havana, in the shape of aa American squadron. The California Wonder In Europe—The Manta in Paris. Advices from Wellington, New Zealand, to the 20th of May have been received. The organiza- tion of a bank had been entered upon, and it was proposed shortly to commence business. Trade with. Jifornia was increasing, several vessels having taken out general cargoes, including pro- ne and potatoes, to that destination. Such was the state’ [From the London Tires, August 29 } The last payers from the Sandwich Islands aflord further interestiag evidence of the extending etlect of the Californian discoveries. During the firet quarter of the present year, the arrivals at the portof Honolulu have been 90 vessels, with a capacity of 23,610 tons, against 43 veesels ant 10,312 tons in the corresponding quarter of I8ty. This large increase, moivover, has occurred in the face of the circumstance that the w! ships which used to touch at Honolulu now avoid that port in consequeace of the danger of desertion. Lt is, therefore, solely from commercial operations that the islands are denving their present pros- perity. Here, as at other parts of the world, small sleemers ere represented to be much in request, and there ean be lite doubt that their introduction would be aded with remarkable results. The cultiv: of vegetables for the San Fi t is found to be highly remu- ve, and the utmost supplies that can be despatched fall far short of the demand. The opening of the Legislature had taken place, and in the speech of the hiag the late outrage on the in- endence of the islands by the French Coasul wes touched upon, the opinion being expressed that the government of the republic would regard it in its proper light, as an ebullition of personal passion, and that France, as well as the other powers of Lurope, would, together with the United lates, see the necessity of inviolably preserving the neutrality of the yslands. The speech also an- nounced the long.Gesived, adjustment of the land claims hitherto enforced by the King aad the chiefa; and it coucluded by recommendiag the establish- meut of a savings’ bank, and the abolition of the laws which interfere with the acquisition of pro- perty by aliens, and which consequently impede the supply of foreign capital and iabor now de- manded by the rising position of the islands ia con- nection with Oregon and California. 2 (From the London Times, Aug. 30 } The abundance of unemployed m which has Jong prevailed in Paris, as well as in the other ca- pitals of Europe, has led in that city to a movement Which, in its transparent effronteryjand folly, far surpasses anyth witnessed here even io 1846 It is directed to California, and every newspaper is filled with invitations for merchandise, capital, and emigrants to be despatched tw that region. One concern, entitled “the Commercial Society of San Francisco, a French, Belgian, and Germaa company,” has several times ‘abuorbed the whole of the ‘advertising columns of the Journal des Dtba Its prospectus, printed in enormons let- ters, states the secial capital to be three millions of traccs in 6,000 shares of 250f. payable to goods, and 60,000 of 25f. payable in moacy. The director is stated to be a M. Cavel, een., for- merly a carner, who “ bas studied the reseurces of California for twenty moaths, and coase- quently knows as much about it as if he had been there;” nod the subscribers are further aswured that this geutlemen hut been esteemed in trade for more than thirty years, and would not, “ for any worldly considerstion,” enter into anything that would be liable to failure. The great poiat of this compauy is, that it is to be confined to comme 1} opera tione which give @ certain gain without any eh ace of lows, it being resolved 1 all the goods received in payment for sheres shall be sold only for cash and at @ prefit. Those who subscribe in moary are to have six per cent in addition to the immeae dividends they will receive with the other share- holders, and the first 500 persons who take tweuty shares are each to have an additional one preseni- ed to them. |“ We are already,” it is added, * pre- pared to send & magnificent assoriment of goods trom Havre to San Francisco in the commeuc " Another company, “ the C. the whole of oae ae, and that ic Must not be confounded with them. It dilfers fron the one just described, because it wends out ex plor- ing parties with tools, woor 2, a8 well ae merchandise, and ite prospectus gives the names of tour ships, and the individaal aumes and ad- dire sees of 406 ci bas aiready despatched. AM. Gaillard t agent at San Francisco, and the prospectus cou- tatps a declaration from the trarai/leurs, that, ow- ing to their conhdeace im thia personage, they “ re- cogniee him as their head, and aban their ia terevta, their rights, and their honor, to his justive and his loyalty.” These Companies are mere spe- cimens of a multitude. One of them, ia distine ion from the Californian, which pronounces itself the best because it is the oldest, rests its claim to confidence on the fact of ite being the newest, which will enable it to profit by the experience of ali the others. There are the “ Transatiantic Company,” the “ Eldorado,” the “Golden Har- vest,” the “ Bretonng Agricaliural Company,” the “ Golden Hive,” the "*€ roy ee “Preach ry merican Company of San Francisco,” and the “Commercial Company.” The Golden Harvest eae it roid srarebing Gabions that 20f. in- vested ma gold searc Jaliforniaa compo) produce 1,008". The Transatlantic Gempeny tate mates that it is connected with the “Great P, Company of Londoa ” an enterprise which h yet been heard of on this side the chann which, it is stated, wae formed wader the 'p tendence of “the Directors of the Wheal-( and Lineres mines, Mecers. W. Thornl aad Some ph Thomas,” coupled with “the Director of the Colonial Bank, Alexander Danlop; the bankers, Mesterman & Oo; the importent houses of com meree, Mollet, on, Wileon, Appleby,” we all of which um we need hirdly say are « in open fraud. The Califo 4 “California for 10 franes,” and the # that ail who poy for 20 shares of 10f will bave vileye of norninat to be conv for 2,000F. ma Contestable figu £1 © produce y being multiplied by the duration of the 7 asenres a sum of 1. to subscribers or 12,600f. to those ot Pei eab of oe. are to be issued after the 3lst ¢f August, and the intelligence, therefore, we fear, willjcome too late to be available to London capitalists. Another however, the “ Anglo-French,” seems its title to desire to fe an " cipation in its advantags it states thetat has freighted the ship ** Fairlie,” now in Lon- don, in order to send out its expedition. Day after day the columnas not only of the Débats, but of all the other papers of every are filled in this manner, and as they are unre by a single scheme having the oe era show of feasi- bility er character, they must be held to an amount of ignorance among the lower middie classes greater than could otherwise have been eon- ceived. Another consideration that arises from them is that they evidence an amount of lus capital seeking employment which, if it were but rightly directed, might prove of vast service in promoting the an t and really remunerative en- terprises on the Pacific that are destined to attract the most active energies of the age. P Portugal, The Litbon correspondeut of the Times, writing on the 19th, seye:— Loud complaints are made here of the loss ¢ntuiled upon Portuguese veasela by the threstening manner in which Mr. and Mr. Clay conducted the recent negotiations respecting Amencan claims upon th govel nt. ‘in Eng: I hear ot two or three vessels which, even land, were deprived of their return cargo, and obliged to come home iu ballast, from the fear of American reprisals It is to be hoped the Portu- guese flag will suffer no further prejudice, as it has already paid dear enough tor having omce pro- tected a Don Pucitico, end placing him in a posi- tion to briog about this new system of State claims. Shippers in Portuguese vessels may be assured there is at present no risk of American reprisals. The new cabinet at Was! shows no disposition to uppropriate to itself the odium pertaining to Mr. Clayton, and, in apy case, 8 nO coercive measures can be taken with- «ut consulting Congress, shippers will in vood time if they reserve their precautions mtil they find President Fillmore has actu- ally presented a nies-age upon the subject for the decision of Congress in 1851. 1 tind some of the principal European cour's are taking iuto serious consideration the American interpretation of inter- national law in the case of the General A 4 and believe that it has strengthened their disposi- tien to resist and provoke a settlement of such new features in the law of nations as the United States hag at times set forth, aad in regard to which it aj pears France and England had, a short time bask, come to un understanding With respect to the rticular case of the General Armst Lord ?almerston has evinced a disposition to it so long a8 the discussion re-ts upon the speeial, al- though unjust, plea that Portugal is ised by the imprudent confessions of her government, at io de Janeiro, in 1814; but, setting aside those confession: —and they ought to beset gs aol only vernment would he especie lly bound to support tugal in any further discussion of the case, not in consequence ot its peculiarly English origin, but because Lord Castlereagh had, as Secretary of Foreign Affairs, in 1816-17, officially declared to the Portuguese ambassador, in London, that the United States had more reason to expect to be upon to give than to claim satisfaction. Russia. The St. Petersburg papers publish the compteren- du, presented by the Mivister of Finance, at the enoual sitting of the council of the establishment on the public credit of the empire. The most im- portant matters which have arisen with regard to the public credit, daring the course of the last year, have been—first, the mave of four new set of treasury bonds, of three millions of rubles each, to defray the expenses of the war in ber ; then the loan of £5,500,000 sterling, sronet Et aadon, through the house of Buring, Brothers and Co.; the withdrawal of the prohimition of the exporta- tion ot coined money, decreed in 1848, and granting the bank at Kief the authority to discount bille at six months. The new debts registered in the great book dur ing the year 1849, amount to 14,732,750 silver ru- bles; the total amount of the debt registered is 326,219,492 silver rubles. ‘The fand transmitted te the commission of the Sinking Fund was 23,978,039 rubles, The total capital in the coffers of the commission of the Siokisg Fund, amounts to 55,500,000 rubles. The Bank of the Empire, for advances, possesses an actual capital of 8,700,000 —— The advances in riot ‘mor e ypothec, represent a 000, "%Gn the Zid of January, 1450, the amownt of notes in cireulation was about 300,000,000 rables, while the metallic reserves smounted to a capital of 136,000,000 rubles. Iu the coffers of the savings banks deposied 1,233,000 rubles, in- cluding the sceumulations of interest. The St. Petersburg journel, the Jnvatid, of the 17th, publishes « bulletin from the army of the Caucasus, snnouncing the taking of an important c—, nd the subsequent submission of two a bes. The Submarine Telegraph between Dover ana Catais. ., [From the Liverpool Chronicle, Aug. 31) ‘The long-promised experimental op rations fo establishing a continuous telegraphic communica tioa between Great Britain and the Continent, by means of wires sunk betweea Dover and Calais, were commenced on Taredaye at Dover. At one o'clock, the stearrer Goliah was ready to start across the chanoel, with the necessary appa. Tatus on board, and a crew of about thirty men. consisting of pilots and sailors, superinte: Dr. Reid, of i Bense_of Commons--Mr. ; Mr. T. Crampton, C. E ; Mr. dj others. Between the paddle- w centre of the vessel, was a gigantic drum or wheel, nearly fife feet long, and seven feet diameter, weighing seven tons, and fixed on a strong framework. Upon it was coiled up, in care- fulye’ convolvtions, about thirty miles of tele- graphic wire, one tenth of an inch in diameter, encased ina covering of gutta percha, the thick- ness of a | fioger, The point proposed to be rinea—the nearest landmark to the nd between Calais and fo twenty-one miles, so that a surplus ply of nine miles of wire was held ia reserve. for the purpose of Satin, Captain Ballook, of her Majesty's steamehiy id, caused the track of the nevig: to be marked in as direct « route oasible, by placing a series of pilot-buoys, with flags on the roate, besides being pre; to ace: y the experuneatal eruize with own vesee! as ader. The connecting wires were jaced in readiness at the goverameant pier in the arbor, and likewise at the Cape, where they run up the face of the acclivity, which is 194 feet above the seamark. The necestury batteries and mani- pulaters were all on board; but aga gale and roll eee arene sprung up, the operation oeoet journed until Wedaeeday morning. Some inte- resting experiments, however, were made w . emell serie, to show the practicability of the lan. A mile of wire was paid out off the deck, am the pier to Statespeare’s Clif, and the sinking procees was proved to be & practicable per ct, bh reel c formance. A communication to the following — Was aleo sent throagh tweaty-four miles o ne ‘tiated by electric telegraph rd the iah steamboat” On Wedaceday i ing, at half-past ten, the experiment of sinking submarinely Was practically commenerd. The Goliah rode ovt to the government peer, with her telegraphic tackle and apparatus om board Under acalm sea sod sky ond a favoring wind The connexion between the 30 niles of telegraphic wire wae then thade good to 200 yards of the sa Wire enclosed ia a leaden tube on shore, to preveo it being bruiwed by the shingle on the beach, anc to eparle the experimenters, a they proceed-d ou © send commumecations on shore. Thy h, steamed out at the hour iato the ope: Grines. The wire » and the ey linder tw». The opera tion of paying oat the 30 miles of wire commence: on a rignalto the sailors to Wheel, and pay out th syrare leades or weigh’s. of from 14 to 24 lbs, and whiel ¢ effet ot stoking the wire in the bottom of the sea, which, on the English coast, commences ats depth of 90 fee', ani goes oo varying frum that to > fed 180 teet,which latteror WD fations, ieany wher the test depth. The whole of the casting 01 end vinking wa: complehed with great precisio: and succers, owing to the tavorable state of th: Gay. Various interreting salutations were kept a; hourly during the process of samen the wire between the gentlemen on board nee decors J id J. W. Bret, the original promoters of the en ise, The only cor jectured difficulty on th toute was at & point in midehannel, called th: Ridgr, between which and another meqnality called the Varne—both well known and dreaded b: Davigators—there isadeep sabmariae valley, sar | rounded by shifting sands, the one being 17 mile in Jength and the orber 12, and in their vortex, ne unlike the voracious one of the Goodwin Sand: | ships encounter danger, lose their anchors, an | ft, end trolling pew of fishermen are feequent| low. Over thie, however, the wire was success fully submerged below the reach, it is believed, fitber ships’ anchore, sea animals, or fishing net ‘The remainder of the route, thoagh rougher © epprooching the eoest of France, was acco nplishe ch verly but slowly A communication, dated C Grines, coat of Fronee ee at Dover sutmerine telegra :=—"The Goliah had jnet arrived j ee