The New York Herald Newspaper, April 29, 1850, Page 6

Our Washington Correspondence. Wasuine ron, April 27, 1850. Old Zack up for Another Term— Non- Action Policy —Hostility to Clay, Cass and Webster's Views, j ener ‘any other railroad can be built over this ¢>ati- nent. which, ag an engineer officer, ha It ia true that, in one sense, this is a question with ed We no right to and another sense, it eete me tide perteet insodomg. Viewing it ia a pol $c —The Galphin Claim, . point of view, I do not soe that I have any, the ‘At the President’s levee, last night, there was not bap dg make any snggertions in relation to it; but on the usuel jam that e have been accustomed to | {Pe other band. looking at it as» mere inatter of poac mee! on such occasions, in O :le’s elliptical saloon 5 but there were a number of large fish swimming about with the minnows and the shiners. Sir Hemy Puiwer, after tLe lubeis of the rogue uvety, consen’ d to Le present, He light, cle: ant-lool ing man, marked with the small pox 1 a gerd arge nose, somewhat of the Tyler ud, tarring the hook. He is, perhaps, ©, thor gh he does not appear to be + Strenge, rather, that your diph - he'd onso well. Look at Talleyrand, Riche’ s'ro e, Mettern: By the by, wlere is Bodisco? Ie ought to be back by this time, Wat sort of climate ? Possibly he rory return by some of the many steamers now due from Durepe. 11 t > Lertais said to bee cold country, eud out of the way of either the Cunard or the Collins tine. but letus woit a week. Old Zeck, all along, has kept his mouth shut on the slavery question, until within a week or two. Now he taihe Very tieely. Non-action is his po- licy. Iie can’t imagine how the combine: of Mr. Clay is to p the House; he L murt fril, and the whole movement ¢ and Webster, characterizes as a nme for the Presidency ; end from the tenor of the old man’s opinions, he weuld have no objection to be run again in 1852, himself. Whether he will veto or not veto the bill of Mr. Clay,of course, he keeps a secret; but suggest to him the propriety of the veto, and the old gentleman will look wise, and call your attention to the weather and the backwardness of “gorden sees.” eae: Nd Zack used to keep with Ew'ng a good deal ; but lest it Preston was his man, and if Ewing und Crewford were there, we did not see them, I you w lc to him the ne- cessity of a new cabinet. sir. All very well. haps you want an off A new cabinet is a good thing for office-seekers ; but [ don’t wan The cabinet I have suits me, and that's », and Bodisee, s one. ’ enough, | should think. When I want a new ea- binet, there must be some cause for it. Any news from europe sir; they say that Bedisco has died in Si- ot ihe yellow fever.” —Can’t be possible. Wi tmust be! That Kio Gran. agine why xas Ww way up. What do th compromise ? sir, they will not consent to divide Texas, at a Mexiean nts Zack—So | thought. Mow, ‘Wel cter to get his three new slave Stites ont of Tex—by the way, what handsome young lady is Zack has an eye for the fuir ¢ with him, something vrorth looking at. His idev~ of beauty, however, ere as robuet as those of the cid masters, who give to their nymphs and god- desces the healthy proporiions of a Well-built g ul of two | ed. But this is nonseuse. Ask the President qnietly what he thinks of the Galphin claim, and he will tell you that the Att General is a lawyer, and undertapds his business ; that Mr. Crawford is too much cf « gentleman to be a rogue, and that he knows the locofocos (he calls them locofoeos) of the House can’t make anything out of it, and that xX, and a pretty face iv, he would be very. sorry if Mr. Crawford should resicn from any feelings of delicacy ia the matter. And there is some reason to believe that if the cab) 10 explode, Old Zack would not for- get Col. Renton, of whom he has a very exal opinion since the debate on the committee of t teen. present, the cabinet must stand fast. The Pr nt is resolved to let th take the: course. 1nd te risk the consequences, * cost wha ito mai Wasnive@rey, April 26, 1850. fe pu tant Decision of the Supreme Court. "hhe preme Court of the United States deeided, to-day, on the case of Wilson, assivnee of Wood- worth vs. Foriyth and Simpson, a suit on the Wood- worth patent. 1. Thet the allegation of fraud ageinst Uri Em- ring a transfer of an interest in the cawerth patent to him, in 1829, wes not main tole’, end that FP. and 8.'s in this case, Wes mor ©, is m, under Emmons, not nupeached by the 2. ‘thet the decision of the Su » Court of n in IS46, restrict assi is rene vas tis ni repairing the old ones bee Court affirmed th cision of the Cirenit the complainant's at fcr persons cone tented inachiner Wasn Progress of the Gélphm Ch ? of ia s— Exposure of * tas” and “Iade- pendent,” in the w f in adeance, the Conmittee’s Devisi The committee on the Gelphia chim hi t nearly through with taking testimony. Yesterday, Me: William M. M lith, Reverdy Johnson, and chert J, Walker, were severally before th cons Toluy Mr. Walker wos re-called, an futther teetimony. Mr. MeCullough, the late Corry troller, and Mr esey, the present Cowpteller, were also ¢ ned to-day. W and tthe committee will rey » “outsider can \« y know. The pompous and officious Washington lett writer fe Vork Couric and the 7 h a, who signs “Ve in the former pap r nt alluded to e Galphia coining to ant! aid that the allowance. diy, many important beyor doubt, the laim, Such is the unani- after ® careful and he papers 1 from the entire uh and Mr, White inst the Galphin suppress mitt mined, and pros nen rt, in ‘behalf of eae! r of the conmittee, to be bers er ot the committee had me on of the letter. n decided member of rrant such an ase sert d by each end all to be ant Son tter writer, and the a Crawford and Reverdy Joli« in power Th conflicting testimony tah Th ' week or (we Warnrseres, April 23, 1850, of F plevetion of the Rewte to Santa Pe—t. + Opinions f the Notional Rattroad: A iotereport from the Seeretary of War to the Se nat races the notes and maps of Lieut, Simpson ‘Toy yhieal F er, of the exploration and «ur- vey ute from Fort Smith, in Arkansas, to San tw? Jextco. made by himself, and others at- tached Marey's command, who went owt last sun the Li & careful curvey of the whole rout Pin { the chances for the great overland central continen ailrond The route fro a Fe. on the south side of the Canadicn river—L speak now of the general, not the partic war route travelied—is. in cable for the leeation of a railros the line of ite chould be. in my judgme order to the inwcnt of the best grade. generally om the first ri- 4 of the river—I mean of the Canadian river advantages to be derived from this route. as one tion for the great national highway, are ite com. am from obstructions caused by snow; E 9 hundred and sew <five miles ch » region mostly of prairie and woodland cha. acter thie region thus furnishing the timber necessary weak vassage through the Indian country vg the State of Arkaneas, where coal aboun age through # country capable of affording all the requisite «1 vaterial y of water: ite line of location t ted t vers of (he region of « he mein, the adrantag x inion, practi- are, in hh this great route p try bs to my mind, the time has not yet come when vpon the plains, like a insensibly been led to take mental ly ® birds-eye view @ student of the privaie letters of that great man, and theretore pos. senses interest: ticable accomplishment, to be commenced nov, and completed within a few recurring ye: that Tam under obligations in conn experience upon the plains, to give m 4, 1 conceive would remark. that before my p: great many ci ut experience zoas who havo ot un th of country lying between the United States and the Pacitic coast, 1 had in tae sane ratio lost uthful idea which I once possessed of the vast extent of thie breadth. To the degree that the proper appreciation of this great breadth beeamo lost to conseleusnens, to the same degree did the prac- tieability and immediate accomplishment of the great railroad become # matter of belief. L have, however, now beon over some eight hundred miles of this inter- vening area; and (hough this is but a third portion, or at best but half of the distance, yet 1 have alread, seen enough to make me teel conscious that the high ideas 1 bud once entertained have beeome v. riderably reduced, That this work will somo complished, I would not be so prosumptuou say that it will mot; but that it can be comm od now, and be brought to a successful period, within ten Why: just look at to do or twenty years, I do not believe, the time it has taken the whole United State what it has done towards making one chain of railroad from Maine to New Orle great a distance as that under consideration. Con- template the many centres or points along the route where the work has been simultaneously going on. In nexion with this, have a regard to the rich and fixely-timbered country through whieh the several links of the road have been made. Think also of the ‘atively dense population. and, as a consequence, mense resources in the matter of labor, ma- constantly available on ac- count of this population. Now contemplate, on the other side, the immense area of uncultivated and un- timbered land lying between the States and the Pacific coast; contemplate, also, the absolute poverty of this whole expanee. in respect to population—I mean now a good, preducing population, not # savage one, from whom more harm is to be expected than good—and the resources which such a population natural velopes—I say, let any one contemplate all this, and then vay that] am not justited in entertaining the notion I do, that not only is the period for the com- mencemont of this great work not yet como, but that it ix yet far distant. No, sir, to my mind all th ‘an be done in tho pre- sent stage of the world in reepect to one or other, or both ofthe great highways over the continent, is to foster them us military reads. and thus make them the object of legislation and control of (he genet ernment. Military posts should be established at every proper point along the route or routes. and privileges accorded to both seidie nd civilians to make these points desirable. These several points would then be- come flourihing centres of population; they would Lecome places ¢f succor and of supply and refreshment to way worn emigrants: and, above ail. they would fur- nish points from which the great railway could, if ever, be carried on, Ina word. tomy mind, the order of mcans in respect to the establishinent of this rail- rowd, is, first, the creation of centres of population wherever along the route they can be created; second, the developement of the resources of these several points by this population; and third. the taking advan- tage of these resources to aid in the prosecution of the road In what I have sdvanced, I am perfectly aware that Iam running counter to the cherished notions of many most eminent citizens of our common country, and this to me is fur from being a source of satisfaction — But | have feit that [ had « duty to perform; and with a sense of the obligation of this duty, in connexton with the views which a journey across the plains has forced upon me, I do not see that I could well have done otherwire. In a note, Licut. Simpson says:— “Lam not so sure but that the steam-ear can be made to run on the smooth. hard roads of the great prairie. ‘This idea certainly impressed iteelf very strongly npou me when I was travelling over them If this can be done. we have a railroad already to Santa Fe, for, says Lieut, Simpso: road, though cod from the vicinity of Shawnee village, opposite Fawards, now has become very fine; and so it continues, with some ineonsiderable exceptions, all the way to New Mexico. Indeed, so superior was it that I scarcely ever got on it, from my explorations to the right anid left, without involuntarily wishing that I bad a fleet horse anda light buggy, that I might skim over it to my satisfaction,” ‘The animels wonted for this route are those camels, whi quire very little food or water; but if loeomo- tives can be made to serve on common roads, steam, of course, will supersede camels, mules, horses, oxen. and everything else, But what is the chance for this Great Central Railroad. either by Santa Fe or the South Pass’ We agree with Lieut pson, that the time has not come. It would probably require every cent of ove hundred millions ot ars to carry a railroad to the foot of the Rocky Mountsins, and one hundred and fitty millions more to carry it thence to the Pacific, in in working order, for we have no idea that the average cost per mile of (his road, would be less than $100,000, or five times the cost of our cheapest roads in the Southern States, But why is it that a locomotive can- not Le made to run over 4 hard gravel road? One of Hon. John C, Cathoun’s last Letters, ‘The follow etter from the Hon. John ©. Calhoun to Halston Law School, is one of the last My Dran B.:--Yours ef the } inet. was dul, ceived. Lem beppy to Know that you are so well tisficd with the plan of the institution and the advan- u there enjoy for rapid improvement, not only tisition of legel knowledge, bat ina fami- the details of the practice, and with the pore speaking. I regard ential features of the with tont matter of oxte thi« latier ux one of the most ¢ institution , under constant and ruetioa ht that I should all the practical requisites of suce advance of what | was when Leute 1 well remember, when connected with the chocl at Liteh un., the need we all felt of some advanta; in speaking. And we used often to ort to the woeds, far away from nm hearing, to by ourselves this ereat and important art; but Th t soon tired. and was given up. This constant prectice before so large a number of your fellow students, who must ef course be critical hearers, if it dor hing more than wear away your patural difidence pire you with self confidence, must, in the valuable, I shati we ver forget the pul le ombarrass- nent under whieh [ labored in the delivery of my malden #peceh ed yours of penetice dear B., tot not, then, my ent privileges ‘With you n of fife, You are forming with you to the grave. Be ormanee of all your ict, And remember ¢ chosen imposes, asa the necessity for constant a there is no disguising of one’s conled. and jonal wisdom, he pr the belief that he is what he is not. The el Tan has time, a choice of eubjects, anda world o men’s thoughts to aid him in his preparations for pulpit. Bus the lawyer, whether in the office, or be- @ court and jury © nothing which he * not porsess. His le ate soon to be have wcities or m by flippant teeh- may ‘The physician's art ie ec nicalities and an air of pt tested by the severest ord an ad- voeate must be real, or they will avail him nothing And I would also have you remember, that in your n you will be beset with constant temptations rve irom the high standard of moral integrity ‘The very obligations of th f right or wrong, tend to fom jarize him with e dj ror, and it And him to hy obligations, Imean such only a ek the great ends of justic h it should result in your o#n forth a rther than is ee of tenth learn that member me mpliments Your affectionate friend py. and doing «o and tell him Nelle 3. ¢. CALMOUN Our Maryland Correspondence. Ocroraro, Ceeil The Octovavo—Fratures of Plenting—The Wheat Crop—The Sveqvehanna Fisheries—Com. D. Conner's Residence, &., §¢. For the last two weeks I have been gyrating round the country, and direct you this missive from about three miles above the inouth of the Octoraro creek. The Octoraro is a beautiful stream, wind- ing slong among hills so steep and rocky asto ren- der them in many places uneultivable, and empty- ing into the Susquehanna three miles above Port Deposit. Most of the land in this section is very rough and hilly ; but its quality compensates for its ruggedness. The soil is very fertile, and yields, under good cultivation, from eighty to one handred bushels of corn per sere: ‘The weather, ever since | have been here, has been real blustery and winterish, but to-day is more mild and spring-like. The peach and almond trees, however, in spite of the weather, are m of them in bloom, and the farmers are busy on every side planting corn. The wheat looks green and flourishing, and gives promise of an abundant harvest. "The fisheries along the Susquehanna are doing Lut « poor business. Shad are selling readily at sixteen dollars a hundred, but they are scarce, and hardly pay for catching them. Fe > made a few years ago by these fisheries, it those who engage in them now generally sink money. From the place | am writing, I have a fall and commanding view of the country residence of Com. David Conner. To persons at a distance it resents quite an imposing front, but on a near proach you discover it to be but an ordinary affair a brick house plastered on the outside. Much of the plastering has fallen off, and it looks quite scaly and weatherbeaten. The Commodore owns, ection with the house, a fine large farm; bat sadly out of repair, with the exception of the warden, which contains three ot four acres, wretele cdly cultivated Wasnisoroy, January 29, 1830, | ree Cur New London Correspondence. New Loypox, April 12, 1850. Our Virginia C nee. Logax ©. JL, Va., April 21, 1850. Webbing Connecticut with Ruilroads—Situation of | The Reseurces of Virginia—The Discovery of Can- Nw London—The Kee Trade—The Now Route | (etweev Bostom and New York. tie, Palmer Railroad, for forty-eight and « half iniles north from New Loudon, through Williman- tie, to Stafford ; end of the Hartford, Providence, and Fishkill Railroad, easwardly thirty miles, from Hartford to Willimantic, (becides about seventeen iuiles weet from Mlartford,) has opened a direct railroad communication between New York, Nor- wich, and New London, and other parts of Con- necticut, east of Connecticut river. Having re- cently passed over this route, 1 am able to speak understandingly on the subject, and to recommend it to travellers passing to or from this section of New Evgplant, asa well maneged and convenient chain cf railroads; making, however, exceptions with regard to the careless manner in whieh some things are managed on the New York and New Jlaven Railroad. The other lines are in good coa- dition, and well managed. ‘The new and Slegsat cars, and other accommodations on the Hartford, Providenee, und Fishkill, and the New London, Wiliimentie, and Palmer Railroads, can hardly be too highly praised ; and the speed generally on those roads, #3 well as on the New Haven and Hartford Railroad, is quite satisfactory to travellers. The distances and time between New York and New London, are as follows:— Miles. Hours. Min. New York ané New Haven Railroad. .77 3 00 New Haven and Hartford Kuilroad. . .36 1 Hartford, Providence & Fishkill Rail- rond (to Willimantic)......... ..30 1 30 New London & Willimantic Railroad. 28 1 45 MENU Ses ade nd bins poe nel) ee ee About eight hours, however, are occupied in the passage between New London and New York. The time of leaving New York, in order to come thro the same day, by this line, is8 o'clock, A.M. The first cars from New London to Willimantic, leave here at7 A. M., and notwithstanding some unne- cessary delays at Willimantic, Hartford, and other places on the route, passengers can arrive in New vork in the afternoon early enough for dinner, and in time for the cars for Philadelphia. The present rate of fare through, from New London to New ae is G4 124, and from Norwich fifty cents ess. ‘The route of the New London, Willimantic and Palmer Railroad, is on the west side of the river Themes, passing through Norwich on the west side of the Yantie, and cressing that stream at the Ner- wich Falls, as weil as in some other places. The view of the romantic city of Norwich, as seen the rsilroad cars, is exceedingly picturesque and bewutiful, and during the s n of pleasure travel, this route must be much ¢ led by those who ure fond of fine scenery, and desire 10 see a suc cession of some of the finest cities, towns and villa- es in New England. Thus, from New London to New York, we pass th Norwich, Williman- tic, East Hartford, Hartford, Weathersfield, Berlin, riden, Wallingford, New Haven, Milford, Strat- ford, Bridgeport, Fuirtield, Norwalk, Stamford and Greenwich, in Connecticut; also, through Port Chester, Mamaroneck, New Rochelle, Fordham, &e., in the State of New York. P New London is unsurpassed for its eligible loca- tion as a seaport, and must, with its new advan- tages, ere long beccme a fashionable watering place. On many accounts it is far more desirable as a place of resort in summer than either Newport, Nahsnt, and other pl further east. The rail- road enters the city on the northeast, passing over Winthrop’s neck, and crossing the cove ona fine bridge, of peculiar construction. The railroad de- pot, and the accommodations for passengers, are remathoble for their excellence. The want of a hotel of the first class, for travellers and sojourners, which has long been felt at, New London, is now happily supplied by the efforts of the gentlemen connected with the railroad. ‘The spacious man- sion in Federal street, recently the residence of Noyes Billings, Esq., one of the princip holders of the railroad company, has been re cently converted into a hotel, and extensive addi- tions are being made to the edifice, for the aecom- modation of the anticipated increase of travel which in consequence of the railroad must be brought to New London. Mr. H. 8. Crocker, for- metly of Nantucket, is the landlord of this hotel, which is called **the Federal Street House,” and a better public house, or a more accommodating, centlemant x england. From the upper port of the hotel, isa beautiful view of the harbor, Fort Trambull, light house, monument, and Long Island Sound. keeper, is not to be found in New | New London, it will be remembered, depends, as | acommercial town, mainly on the suecess of the whaling business, which has, within the last two ears, declined very considerably. The arrival, however, lately, of several suecessful whalers, given some ectivity to business, and this place must continue to share in any prosperity which may be derived from the enterprise of those of our wealthy citizens whose capital is embarked in the hazardous but hitherto profitable whale fisheries. It may be mentioned here, that a considerable por- tion of the enterprise of those who have heretotore manned and equipped the whale ships from New Londen been diverted to California, and ad- ventures in that quarter. Some of the Nepture sailing from this pert, and other citizens of ew London, mechenics, merchants, and laboring men, have been successful at the modern Ophir. The population of New London, at the last cen- sus, of I2io, was 5,519; while thet of Norwich was 259; Hartford, 12,798; New Haven, M300; Middl letown, 7. 210; and Bridgeport, 4,570. Major Thos. W. Williams, of this informs me that the estimated population of New London is about 8¥ and the Norwich people call their town 10,000 in Cae sags which is probably a litde over the merk. ‘The New London, Willimantic and Palmer Railroad is now open to Staflord Springs, near the Northern line of Connecticut, a distance of 30 miles, ond will be finished to Palermo depot (on the Went Railroad of Mass, 15 miles East of | | can be no dou! | connect with the fine new road, late ipal stock- | | | sons of | Springfield, early in July, making the whole length | ct the road about 65 miles, It ts less than twenty months since the this read was commenced, and it is considered one of the best tracks in New k:ngland; the material of the road bed being principally hard gravel, and the tails are of the most appre pattern. TT! railroad was opened for travel, between New Lon- don, Norwich, and Willimantic, (28 miles,) on the 13th of November last, and to Staflord Springs on the th of March. The 8 for freight and passengers have already exceeded the estimates of the engineer, James N. Palmer, Esq., who is enti- tled te much eredit for his skill and industry in ex- ng the construction ef the road. Among the of freight are ship-timber ice, of the fe of which 1 have seen some fine specimens atthe depot. The article of ice will be a great source of trade, as the ponds or lakes in Coventry end other towns on the route ere of the purest water, and will aflord a large supply of the best ice. Added to this, it can be delivered from the cars at New Lond in vessel the largest clase, so thet hipped a here to the Southern ports, the West and East Indies, as con- veniently as from eny other port in the Northern . During the last winter, a considerable of ice was furnished at New London to oasting and fishing vessels. The New London, Willimantic and Palmer Railroad connects, as alreniy stated, with the Hartford, Providence, and Fishkill Railroad, at Willimantic, a large manufacturing village in the town of Windham, which has become a point of importance. When open to Palmer, the N. L., W. and DP. Railroad will connect with Springfield, Worcester and other towns on the Massachusetts Western Railrond. At wich, also, (twelve miles from N. L.,) passengers can take the cars for Worcester, Boston, & by the Norwich and Worcester Railroad, which approaches at Norwich within halfa mile of the New London Railroad. From New London, after the 15th inst., the steam- boat Alice runs daily (Sunday's excepted) to Stoni and Greenport, L. 1, connecting with the Stonit and Providence Kailroad at the former place, and with New York by the Long Island Kailroad at Greenport. As the New London Railroad has cost less per mile than any other road equally well constructed, in New England, the directors of the company, , Time and again have the who comprise seme of the wealthiest and most | worthy and intelligent of the citizens of N. London, entertain no doubt that it will prove a good concern. It is estimated that the whole cost, when finished to Palmer, will not much exceed one million of dollars, or, at the highest estimate, about seven+ teen thousand five hundred dollars per mile. Our Paterson Correspondence, Parensox, N.J., April 27, 1850. The Exeention of Jonstonf or the Murder of Judge Van Winkle ond Wife There is to be an execution at this ploce te-mor- row. John Jonsten, an Englishnmn, was convict- ed by the court at this plac on the 12th ult., for the murder ef Judge John Van Winkle # wife, at Goffle, about four miles from this town. The cireumstances and evidence were so strong egeinst the eceused, that the jury were ont but twenty minutes before they returned a verdict of wilfol murder, So great was the excitement on the oceasion of the sentence of the unfortunate man, which took plece on the 18th of March, that it was with great difficulty we could get near the court house. At ten o'clock of that day, Judge Ogden rade his appearance, when the stillness of death prevailed, which continued till broken by the voice of the j addressing the culprit, eyo upon him the penalty of bis crime. The execution is eppointed for Tuesday, the S0th inst., when it is probable more persons will visit Paterson than on apy previous cecasion grading of | workd-fathers. Moves may have designed ve Coal—Internal Improvenents, &e., &¢. T have been floating about in this queer country he completion of the New London, Williman- | for a time “upwards of considerable,” riding over mcuptain ridges, swimming inipesssble streams, cemping out in the laurel thickets, eating corn- dodgers end becon—the last whereof was grievously fut—and exploring all that was worthy of note in s wild land of undeveloped rich resourees, After a careful examinstion of the premises, and obtain- ing sbout a hundred weight, nore or less, of spe- cimens, 1 have come to the conclusion thet just hete, or hereabouts, is the very spot where a live Yankee, turned loose, would speedily make his fortune. The whole country is one bed of minera- logical and sylvan wealth. The very bost cannel und bituminous ceal, iren ore, salt and dimber—all within a short distance of a market, and contiguous to streams which may easily be converted into navigable canals—offer a rare chance for theprofit- able investment of both labor and capital. 1 do not speak speculatively, but coolly. I have traccd one single stratum of cannel coal, of the very finest quality, of a thickness ranging from thirty inches to four feet, from a few miles below ig Ugly, on the Guyandotte, to within one mile pe et House, a distance of thirty-two miles. Above that, separated by heavy strata and shales of light sand stones, is another stratum of cannel coal, whese exact thickness and extent phi not charge savemnes. Its quality, it any- u is better than that of its neighboring ait. “I have discovered a fine stratum of eanhel coal in Tazewell county, sixty miles above here, which I believe te be continuous with this last. It alternates with precisely the same rocks, and, like the other, lies horizontally, and with a similar bearing. Ihave seen two beds of kidney ore, and @ very large deposit, on a mountain summit of brown hematite and common brown oxide of iron. The common bituminous coal is abundant all along Guyandotte, Big, Sandy, and Tug rivers. As for salt, you have only to tap the hills, and a spring of briny water is pretty certain. Hitherto these riches have been locked up, partly want of energy among the inhabitants, an easy, honest, indolent, and careless generation, and partly from natural causes. Timber, peltry, and ginseng, and cattle, have been the chiet articles of export. But Virgiria, after a long sleep, has waked up, and having suddenly discovered the value of her own resources, has gone to work to bring them before the buying public. Among other acts passed | last year, was one for the incorporation of ‘The po hence Navigation Company.” The features of this are :— 1. Appointment of Commissioners to sell stock, 2. Capital of $75,000, divided into shares of $50 each, | and company authorized to create *lackwater naviga- tiop, by means of dams, locks, &c., from mouth of river to Li C. H., and as much farther as may be deemed | practicable. forty shares are subscribed, company to be under title given above. 4. Power to take necessary land for dams, &e. 5, When shares to the amount of $22.500 are sub- scribed for, the Board of Public Works are instructed to anbecribe for $45,.00 worth of stock on the part of e State. Sections 6, 7, 8 and 9 contain matters of police, &e. I lear that this stoek is taken up, and that ope- i shortly be commenced. The amount of capital is not sufficient, but it is generally un- derstood that when it has been exhausted, the State wili increase her subscription. The inten- tion is to improve as far up as the money will pa for. The locks and dams thus constructed will afford a large per centage from the start. There of that fact. This improvement, und the new road commencing to be made from, Abb’s Valley, in Tazewell county, to Logan through the new county of Wyomi which will surveyed, from Wytheville, by Col. Piper, will form a chain of communication between the great Virginia and ‘Tennessee railroad and the Ohio river, and deve- lope not only the mineral, but the ienltural re- sources of thiswhole region. I had intended to append a whole column of fine reflections, philo- sophical deductions, &c.; but if what I have given don’t wake the attention of New York capitalists, and set them to thinking, nothing that | could further urge would penetrate their dull souls. 1 shell bring with me some specimens of the coal, &c., and if they want to loo! it, Jet them ad- dress a letter to m: Philadelphia, and they shall have the opportunity. Ishan’t make amything by that ation—but the public will. N. B.—Speculators will please to pay their pos- tage, and be hanged to ‘em. 3 Provides mode of subscription, and that when organized Professor Agassiz. frrom the Christian Register. At the recent sefentific convention at Charleston, South Carolina, Professor Agassiz developed, with some minuteness of detail, the theory that the human race is not descended, as is generally, sup- posed, from one parent stock, but hag diffused itself from several original centres of creation, the progenitors from each portion of the race hay- ing been distinguished by such peculiarities as adapted them to their position as to soil and eli- mate, and to the part which they were destined to play in the econciny of life. He at the same time expressed his faith in the sacred records, and his rae reverence, not only for their greligious vut their historical contents, maintaining that even they confirm his theory, inasmuch as the story of Cain almost necessarily implies the ex- ‘000, | istence of human beings not of his father’s fa- We are sorry that this speculation should have been denounced on ostensibly religious rounds, We are not, indeed, prepared to em- brace it; yet it seems to us entirely tenal consistent even with the highest ground that may be taken as to the credibility, nay, the verbal inspiration of the Moswic record.’ It is the primer, not Moses, that says dogmatically that Adam was the first men. He may fiave been, for all that we are told to the contrary, only a first man, one of the to give, subsequently to his cosmogony, thy of that portion of the race from which tion derived their origin. any the less one, if not the descendants of a_ single human pair. Itis not as Adam’s, but as God's children, that we are brethren in Christ. A common Father and a common redemption make “the whole family in heaven and earth” one. Nor does any Christian look th of God and Jesus for his motiv universal philant . The declarations, “ The field is the world,” and the command, “Preach the gospel to every creature,” are enough to consum- mate the essential unity of the race, even if every continent and island had its separate Adam. If divine inspiration perva as we belisve it does, the Old Testament, no less then the New, science can do no detriment to revelation, and reve- lation can need no defence against true science. They can only lend each other mutual confirma- tion. They may seem for awhile to utier contra- dictory responses; but their respective languages can only need mutual translation to coincide. Fear of ecientitic research: betrays a lack of the ve faith which it pretends. The Scriptures, indeed, have not for their agg «J design instructien tronomy, geography, history, or philosophy; as addressed to pular mind, the guage adequate to the popular times when they were written; but, if they are, as we regard them, the authentic record of the divine administration of human affairs, it is impossible that in the last fm he should fail to harmonize with all scientitic troth, and whatever alleged trath contradicts their teachings only needs space for its developement to demonstrate ite own absurdity. fessed friends of reve- lation trembled for the ark that they upbore, lest it should be overthrown and scattered by the rade hand of science ; but as often has science laid its finihsed testimony in the ark, end enriched religion with more comprehensive and enlarged views of the truths of revelation. Never can there have been greater consternation led the hearts of good men all over Chris n the promulgation of the Copernican sys- tem, because the Bible seemed to recognise the revolution of the sun round the earth. But the Christion, now that he has humbly receded from the centre to the remote cireumference of the erea- tion, finds himself in a universe immeasurably more vast and grand than before, and reads in the same Scriptures an equally authentic but an infinitely more etupendous record of the divine power, wis- dom, and beneficence. Geology, in its divine in- fancy, was d as pretending to trace in the strota of the earth a process and order of creation subversive of the Mosaic cosmogony. But its re- while they have confirmed the narrative have at the same time, whether by nathening out its days into ages, ¢ inteTposing ceasive epochs of creative energy hetween iginal formation of matter and the work of the six days, indefinitely enlarged and elevated our views of the Creator, and our ring contemplas tion of the primeval history of our planet. Modern investigations in chronology, history, and archwolo- gy, after having been ied and vilified as hos- tile to faith, have in their torn brought their sepa- rate contributions to the illustration and corrobora- tion of the eacred record, thus multiplying the proofs that ecience “can do nothing against the truth, bat for the truth.” Let this theory of Aguesiz be folly elaborated and tested. It will either fail to sub- stantiate itself on scientific grounds, or else it will take its place in harmony with revelation, and will open expanded views of the attributes of the Crea- tor, the plan of His movidence, and the gennineness: ond adaptation of the successive religious dispensa- tions recorded in the Pible emp yy lane omprehension of the Thirty theusand fruit trees are «ald to be on their way from New Jersey, for California Tateresting Intelligence from Chagres. MEETING OF TH AMBRICAN AND OTHRR NVMAMSTANTS SONGANIZAT\ON OF & CITY GOVERNMINT—-Tat ELECTION OF AN AMEIICAN MAYOR, ETC. Cuagans, April 6, 1350. In ascordance with the enclosed preainble and resolution, the citizens of Chagres met to take into consideration the affairs of the place. Chegres is now growing fast, and is perfectly healthy. I came here about two months since, with fourteen men, carpenters and all sorts, who have lebored hard ever sinee we arived, and not but one man sick—and he sick but two days with the diarrhoea, and but slightly. 1 have succeeded in putting up an hotel here, 142 by 52 feet, and am re- solved to feed and lodge people as well it can be done in New Orleans, and we can do it. I think the climate and country beautiful. We have named our hotel the New York Exchange. The Padre and Alcalde, with the committee, de- cided by vote that I should send tothe New York Herald the preemble and resolutions as they are, which is the cause of my doing it, though I do not know whether you will consider it worthy of notice ornot. We shall soon get some kind of law and order established here. About two weeks since we took up a man for stealing a bag of gold, tried him before a jury of our own making, sentenced him to 50 lashes day with, a cat-o’-nine-tails, every other day until the gold was restored. In but two days your humble servant went to the man, and he confessed, and went to the woods with me and restored the bag of gold, containing $1,150. A few days prior to that, we had a number of robberies committed here, from $500 to $10,000 each, but since then not one; so that you see our manner of doing things is more effectual than they can be done by our laws in the States, Yours respectfully, N. W. Fisk. THE apenas pened TUE eon od ta meeting citizens of C. on the American side of The river, upon the steamer Orus, ae 3, 1850, in the presence of the Alcalde and the Padre of the district and several other Spa- nish gentlemen, on motion, N. W. Fisk, Esq., was chosen President, and Charies G. Curtiss, Secre- tary. The object of the meeting was for the pur- pose of organizing certain ordinances for the pro- iota of Sheree! ae and ee their property from the epredations of lawless an incipled emi, ts, oing to and from Californias and from alfother , ersons, and to take such measures for clearing the « bstructions from, and of regulating and cleanii the streets of the city, as would be found scodhl and expedient. Tr some appropriate remarks by Mr. Wood, (which were interpreted to the Alcalde and other entlemen by Senor Ramos,) on motion of Mr. iller, it was carried that a committee of four gen- tlemen be appointed by the President, to draft reso- lutions consonant with the object of the sessing. thought and to devise such measures us should be practicable and judicious to cory out the object of the meeting ; but that it should be expressly under- that whatever resolutions might be offered, or whatever measures the committee might devise, that there should be nothing thet would in any way be opposed to, or conflict or interfere with, the laws of the republic of New Granada, and that whatever might be done or suggested by the committee, should be laid before the alcalde ‘of the district, for his consideration and sanction. The President appointed the following gentlemen as the committee, viz.: Mr. Wood, Capt. Newéomb, Lyman L. Curtiss, and Mr. Williams. BCn motion, and carried, the President, Mr. Fisk, was added to the committee as chairman. On motion of Mr. Wi and carried, the meet- ing adjourned, to meet at the house of Mr. Miller, on Friday, April 5th inst., at 5 o’clock, P. M. - journed. Netson H. Fisk, President. Cuas. G. Curtiss, Secretary. y TUE REPORT OY bes | .. Your committee appoint for the purposes ex- pressed in the above Secretary’s hes , would most respectfully present for your consideration and kre thereupon, the following preamble and reso- jutions :— That, whereas, There have been many rob- beries, of recent date, and large amounts, either by it 8 residing here, or by passing to and ro across the Isthmus, And whereas, There has been a large and destructive fire upon the old Span- ish settlement, supposed to be the work of incendi- aries, and as we have reason to suppose that the same depredations will be re or attempts to repeat them may be made: And whereas there are now being erected many new buildings in Chagres, and as we have every reason to suppose that many more will soon be erected, and that the place of our adoption will soon reach a point of much com- mercial enter; , and as it has sonal become necessary to form ourselves, under the New Gra§ nadian government, into some system or form for our local protection and preservation, be it therefore esolved— Ist. That this mecting shall, by vote, appoint a Common Council, to consist of five aldermen, one of whem shall be elected president; and also elect @ secretary, treasurer, and sheriff. 2d. That this Common Coencil shall have full power to open and lay out streets in what is called the American settlement of the said city of Chegres—to cause to be removed all palmetto roofs ; iz in said city, and to prevent the eree- ore such roois—to have cleared away from the streets or walks, or from the fronts of resi- dences or stores, il] incumbrances or obstructions that may now be found, and to prevent the farther like obstructions. 3rd. ‘That said Common Council shall have power to lay taxes upon citizens, to defray the necessary expenses that they may be at in carrying out the designs for which they are appointed. 4th. That the President of this Board shall have full power to arrest, or cause to be arrested, any person or persons, for any misdemeanor what- ever, and to have him or them tried for said misde- meaner, before a court convened by hun (the Pre- sident,) to consist of a jury of six men, the Presi- dent presiding, or a judge appointed for the occa- sion; and from their decision there shall be no appeal. (Signed) W. Fisk, President. Curtiss, from Utica, Woop. LACE WILLIAMS. Capt. Newcomn. Mr. Dunean Haves, of New York, proposed that the word President, in the first resolution in the report, be deeled, and Mayor inserted. colonel Woop objected to this, stating that he was one of the committee who had drawn up the report, and begged to assure the meeting that they ne to that revolution, after the most patient con- sideration end deliberation ; it was to avoid giving offence to the Granadian authorities of the place, the highest funtionary of which was the Alcalde. Now, if they proceeded to elect a Mayor, they would be electing a higher officer than the existing Granadian authority, a step likely to create some jealousy and distrust. 1 recommend great caution in this respect, #0 that no offence may be taken; he was there as largely interested as any one, and therefore was as anxious to aid in uy ing order. If the amendment was carried, he would have nothing whatever to do with the proceedings. Mr. Josxru Axano, of Jamaica, occupied the at- tention of the meeting, briefly the ne- cessity of corresponding with competent Granadian authority, prior to any action being taken on this important step. The slight difference of naming the officers, ought not to cause a difficulty in the way of such a very necessary and salutary mea- sure. Call them what you please, provided the ob- ject contemplated be obtained, he doubted very much whether any action taken w the present delegated authority would be worthanything. Let our power be irresistible, and not spurious. On a division, the amendment was carried. M. K. Tayton stated that, now that the question Was settled, he would inform the meeting that nothing was further from the intentions of the principals in this proceeding, than to give offence to the Grana- diens. On the contrary, there was a kindred spirit between the two nations, whieh he expected to see cemented by the strictest bonds of fellowship and union. He would not lend himself to the least trie fle thet would convey the remotest appearance of wrong. and must assure the meeting that all these proceedings will be submitted to head-quarters for ys a sao Mr. Duncan Hayes proposed that the ort pre- sented be adopted, which was carried tnenknonsly, Mr. Duncan Hayes proposed M, K. Taylor, Esq. of Baltimore, commander of the Twiggs Rifle, ring the Mexican war, as the Mayor. Mr. Fisk, of New York, the chairman, was also proposed. On the result of the ballot, Mr. Taylor was elected by a large majority of votes, Items from Panama. [Prom the Panama Star. April 6.) We regret to announce the death of James Parker, in consequence of the gunshot wound inflicted by G W. Torrence. a short time ago. He died about eleven o'clock on the morning of the 90th ult. after living seventeen days, most of the time in great pain His Exeeileney, the actin; overnor of Panama. gave # party on Tuesday night Inst. which is repre- sented to have been a handsome affvir. Among the guests were the American and French Consuls, The Governor, it Is sald, played the host in excellent style. We are gratified to learn that it is the intention of the government of the United States to place ir bay of Panama man-of-war, One is greatly aoed: here, if for no other purpose then to keep in eubjec- tion disorderly vailors. and to prevent desertions, ke We notice among the paseengers by the Empire Cit: Dr. R.W. MeCell, of Canton, Ohio, with . ely lot ! Stark county boys, The all well and in good spirits. The Doctor is ax portly as ever, and the soul fi_{un end good nature, “May his shadow never be We congratulate the public upon the proepect of the speedy opening of an American hospital im this city Nothing is more ond if the institution is pro- perly managed, ‘fei we have sample in @ private and professional character of the distin: guisled gentlomen, Dra. Jenkins and Wellinaa, to whom the manscement is entrusted. lucrative fo the proprietors aw it will tseinl to tue public From the P'snama eho, March We wes happy to aymeunce gs tewe kilo Gen. Pon Thomas Cyprian d> Mi Republic of New Grenade, ’ ailrond fr par po one bela powers to sitend toall mutters pertaining enterprice. Chilien flour. in sacks, kee) anes into the market from the vexsels in the hertan . we are not likely to havo a famine here shortly, {¥rom the Panama Star, March 29.) Never, sinee we have been in Panama, has the rescuicd a more animating and business like t really seems as if the glory of those * brave days of old.” when, under the sneient Spanish Pa- nama concentrated within ite walls the weall the Pacific. ie to pale betore the dawning brilliancy of this wonderful modern time, Seven majestic steam ow leom proudly’up from the waters of the hey, and others are A Fleets of sail veseels lie off the ramparte at anc! all attracted hither by the most astoundi) the world haa ever seen, While to fill ‘them end many more beside, myriads of people, of * all tongues, and Kindred.” r in one continuous stream across the Isthmus ‘anama, * They rast ford zeventoen hundred men will bo added to fhe nambors already here arrival this wee! Cherokee, pence Ay and Bagive City. We greet them all with a hoarty welcome, ao@ wish them abundant success, ‘Theatrical and Musical. Roweny Tuxater.—Tho lovers of the legitimate drama will have a rich treat offered them, this evening, in the performance of Shakspeare's beautiful play of “King Henry LV." in which Mr. and Mrs. Wallack will sustain the parts of Hotspur and Lady Percy. Also, Meners. Lester, Gilbert and Stevens, actors of great dramatic celebrity, will fill prominent characters; and the other parta will be east to the entiie strengtn'ot a hich be justly termed Tie bet gaa company Wl ma; jus rm - feed be H Wie vi y in the Stat Mr, J. R. Scott, a Broapwar Tusatne.—This ovening, Mr. Dyott, long and favorably known to the dramatic public as one of the best general actors in the country, takes his benefit. We have seen Mr. Dyott in both tragedy and comody and we must candidly admit he has always read and acted the parts allotted to him, with an artistic excei- lence which few can equai, and very few surpass, The leces selected are Bulwer's beautiful play of the "Lad: ne in which he will sustain the charae- ter of Claude Meinotte, and # young lady, who is sald to be very handsome and prepossessi will make her debut in the part of Paultt je amuse- ments will close with the afterpiece of “Turn Out. To-morrow evening. Mr. H. Howard and Miss Addison, from the principal London theatres, will mike their first appearance in America, in the play of “Feudal Times.’ Miss Laura Addison made her reputation at Sadler's Wells Theatre, where she was. for a long time the leading actress. Recently, she has perfo: in appearance, Drury Lane. Her personations of character wil ure for her the admiration of the rel for her genius is unquestioned, and her acting of merit. Berton’s TueatRe.—This establishment continues to move along in the full tide of success. Burton is agood manager, and in the distribution of characters to his company he evinces proper discernment, in giving to each artist that part which is best suited to his natu- ral and acquired abilities—hence his great success. This evening the entertainments commen with tl new piece called i. Treeious Langg the princi characters will be filled by Messrs. Burton and J son, and Mrs. Russell and Miss Chapman. Miss Wail- ters and M. Frederick will dance a Russian Walta and Gallop. Miss Hiffert will sing a Co id ballad, The orchestra will execute several utiful overtures, and the amusements will close with the drama of “Tho Wreck Ashore.” This is a very attractive bill, and, no doubt, will draw a full hor Nationat. Tuxatre.—The visiters of this popular establishment will be pleased to learn that Mr. B Williems will appear this evening; aud, although not heralded from Europe, yet he is possessed of sterling abilities ay an Irish comedian, and will ultimately reach the highest point as a representative of Irish character, Me will appear in a drama ealled “ Ireland As It Is,"'and in the farce of “The Limerick Boy.” His wife, formerly Mrs, Mestayer. a very excellent actress, will sustain the character of Judy O'Flagherty; ‘Miss West will dance a Highland fling, and the orches: tra will exeeute an Irish medley overture. This good bill. and Mr. Williams being very popular, and ly admired, will like large assemblage piaeed hiewaie 4 Aston Pracr Tueatne.--This evening, Mas. F. Ker. ‘Vle’s new piece, called the “ Duke's Wager,” will be produced for the first time, at the above theatre. The cast of characters is excellent, embracing the prinolpad artists attached to this establishment ; the part of the Marchioness de Prie being allotted to Miss M. Duret; Gabriclte de elle Tele to Miss Julia Doan; the Duke de Richilieu to Mr. Neafie; and the Abbe de Rorapne to Mr. Lynne, This, it will be perceived. ix an excellent selection of artists; and when it is known that the comedy is the production of a very dis- tinguished actress, whose knowledge of stage basineas enables her to place it effectively on the stuge, we are persuaded it will be completely successful. ‘Tho enter- tainments will close with the comedy of “Naval Bn- gagements.” Mr. Bass ix indefatigable in his effurts to please the dramatic public, and we hope they will be entirely successful. ‘Tur Travrax Ov: The severity of the climate has had a very bad effect upon the voices of the vocalists of the Havana company, Signori Marini, Salvi and are unable to appear; and, consequently, we have to await their convaleseence before we can ex- pect another delicious musical treat. The season has been particularly. pon all vocalists. the wea- ther having been more than ordi variable ant cold. As soon as the company oan, aatoty, another representatior lyn night or two will stapes before an entertain will be ready for the public. Meanwhile the ladies ean be preparing thelr new f Areva to give additional brillianey to the auditory. Cuntery's Orrna Hover.—The famous band called Christy's Minstrelg re-open their hall,in Broadway, this evening. The programme contains a very excel- lent selection of melodies, choruses. solos on the vio- tin gull imitations of the leading prima donnas, any | of every description—in short, all those fea- tures of light and agrecable amusement, which have — them as the ne plus wlira of negro Cimevs—Aston Pisce —Sinee the opening of this Place of amusement, all the places of this beautifal and immense amphitheatre have been occupied by highly fashionable audiences, The French equestrian artists have produced wonders. and their been an entustastic one. They ate, indeed: the met ot in remarkable ¢cuyers who hin American ring: and theatres of the city, crowded houses, The company is fa With » force composed of Mie Toarinaire, school equestrian; M'lle Louise, who #1 horaa without saddle or bri ti Mr. tour 8. P. Stickney. James Nixon. least, the incomporable clown. cess could not bat hay rill te: coucladed tw couell with ® * "in whieh will artists of the etanes. Go carly fora “ee ba Ovrserve. —Pierce's Minstrels present a fi of melodies, chorures. and other cotertatamagte ten this eveni The consists of rong and choruses. the second. of eten called tie * Black Shakers,” and the third, the “Duteh Drill.” Equreraiastem.—It any of our readers wish to soe end patronize native talent, they have only to go to the cirous near City Hall, Btookiyn. Eaton St . the ed (pA the Ran by J be there, and our word for , will ee! any artist that be United States. ppt sien Mertopros —White and his band of Serenaders, performing at 55 Bowery. are am usi the Bowery folks with their sons, glees, refrains, and other entertain- “s Am oeement. we Pasty —We are informed that ri children, Master Charles, are very talented; and as this concert ie latended to procure na for their departure to " 0 a bumper. The concert will come off next month” "+ amPe?. He rensssos Fasrty.—This ¥ very fine entertainment at the Tabernacle, thts eventing, ‘The fropramme contains an exectieut selection of their best songs Political Intelligence. Vincisia Kuectiow.—There ia as yet nothing definite from the Virginia election, One of the pri tea. tures of the election was the propriety of holding & convention to revise the constitution of the . So far n« heard from, of the two day's voting up to Friday night, there wasa majority for the convention from almost every quarter. In many of the counties, the heaviest vote is polled on the last day, so that it is im- possible to conjecture what the resuit may be from any returns of the first two days, Most of the central Dey counties probably elected whige: but the retarns from the intertor, Southern wud We-tern counties, are liks1y to show a democratic gain. The Governor of Masenchusetts has appointed the 2th day of Moy. for the ninth trial to elect of Congress in the Fourth distrlet of thet State Henry B, Mutehine, of Mass. was reve at Savennab, Geo., charged with being ‘ca ence of maki y. ie ng the city i enid by some to be half witte