The New York Herald Newspaper, April 1, 1850, Page 3

ot the world, because of the waat of re of home production, for the vast num- vessele which wall arrive with su rplies. vessels, however, making uo calculations cargoes, will esumate the entire profits age on their outward freights, acd be- their arrival, williog carriers fur a com- small ion. dency m the course of trade, it would must ¢ San Frapcisco a warehouse for surely, to a certain extent, of all the ports of Pacific, American, Asiatic, aud the Islande ‘Almost every article now exported by them tiads a market in Califoroia, and the establisn ment of a mint will bring there also the silver bul- lion, amounting to more than tea millions per aa- pum, from the west coast of Mexico, and, perhaps, alnmately from Chili and Peru, to be assayed and Vessels bound round Cape Horn, with cargoes for markets on the American evust of the Pacitic, ean, taking advantage ot the southeast trade , and * standing broad-off the Cape,” make in as short atime as can to Valparaieo or any port soath of Cali fornia. Vessels have sailed from our Atlantic ts to Sun Francisco in less thea one hundred they have been, in more than one in- stance, over one hundred and twenty days in going from Panama to San Fraocieco. _ i This oricatshiag difference, in time and dis ‘tance, was caused by the course of the winds, aud ‘the “gulf etream” of the Pacific, mentioned in my remurks on the climate of Galornia. vessels from our Atlantic ports took advan- tage of the winds, by steering from the Cape as far anto the Pucitic as to be enabled to take a course swest of the gulf stream in sathag northward, thus availing themselves, first of the rourheast, then of the west “trades,” and avoiding opposing mits f g* . i F| £54 Hy currents. The vessels from Panama were kept. hack by adverse windsand currents. {twill be per- ceived, theretore, that there can be a0 inducemeat tor vessels bound round Cave Horn, with mixed or cargoes, to stop at Val,aratso, Callao, Guayaquil, or any other port on the West coast, auee the exports of all those places will seek @ market at San Francisco ; and their supply of mer- chandise, as return treight, will be delivered at leas expense than it can be by vessels direct from At- lentic ports, American or European. Taistendeacy ot le to concentrate xt San Francisco will be aided by the course of exensnge. Gold dust is worth but $17 per ouncein Chili. It is worth $18 at the United Stas mint It, there- fore, a merchant alparaiso his tea thosad in San Francisco, reeewed in payment tor lumber, barley, flour, or other produce, and desires an invoice of goods tron the U vied States or Bue rope, be will gein $10,000 at the onrset, by sending his gold to New York, besides siving something on the freight and insurance, and at least one month's interest The covatries oa the w st coast of America have No exports Which tiud a morket ta Cama, oc omer ports of Asia San Praaeivco will theretore 0+ come pot oaly the mart ot these exports, bat alse of the products and manufsernres of Ladia, required m exchange for them, whieh mast be pad for, priveipally, in gold com or gold duct. Neither gold y dust will answer as a remittance to China. Go'd, in China, is aot curreney in any ehape, nor is it received to pryca-ut of import dae tes, or texesen tuud, or on the iadustry of the peo le. Th valoe of pere geld in Chintis not far fron $lithe ounce. Heuer, the importer of minufac- tures and products of Lodi tate Sin Prane wiih remit the geld cvin or du-t direct to New York, for investment in sterlyg bills on doa. “These bills will be sent to London, aud pl ced tothe ere- dit of the fire: wa Const whon the merehao- dise had been received, wad whe.oa learuing of the remittance bavi lorward tothe agents, will draw 9 ©)x months’ sigh! bili for the amouat, whieh will seil in Choa ar the rate of four shillings and two pence or three pence per dollar. Lhave a statement betore me from ooe of the most eminent merchants und bankers of New York, who was for many years enveged exteusively ly in the India trade, which shows that the profit of gain on ten thousand ounces of gold, thus ree mitted, wouldbe . . . . . . . . SOLAR AE And that the loss on the same quantity, sent direct to China, would be. . 15,600 00 ‘Total difierence in profit and loss in fa- vor of the remittance to New York, . $50,034 44 It will thus be perceived, that nature has so are Ta the winds and currents of the Pacific, and dirpoved of her vast treasures in the hitlsand moan- tains of California, aa to give to the harbor of San Francisco the coutrol of the commerce of that ocean, as far as it may be connected with the west const of America. Important as the commerce of the Pacific un- doubtedly in, and will be, to Caldornia, it cannot now, nor will it ever compare in magattude and value to the domestre trade between her and the older States of the Union ‘Two years xgo Cultfornia did not probably con- tan more then fifieen thoasand peoyle. Tnat por ton of it which has since been so wonderfully peo- by American citizens, was, comparatively, without iphabitants, without resources, and not su; with the common comforts of shelter af- forded by a forest country. i Notwithstanding the great distances emigrants have been compelled to travel to reach the terti- tory, more than one hundred thousand have over- come all ditliculties aad spread themselves over its hills and plains. They have been supplied trom distances as great as they themselves have passed, with not ooly the necessaries, but the comforts and Caliorate will bing 60 aw us coon os it-can be obtained at reasoasble Suppose there may thousand housee, which shall consume five tons exch peranoum. This, the ste he « conrumption of three huodred th Mf delivered at per ton, it would compete suc- cesetully with coal from Vancouver's and New Holland, and amount to $6,000,000. ‘The construction of a railroad acroes the Isthmus of Panama would secure the market for those arti- cles againet ull competition. Some idea may be formed of the demand for them from the prices paid in San Francisco last autumn. Coal was sold at $60 LB pres per toa; votatoer $16 per bushel; turnips and onions tor # ie AM cents each; eggs from $10 tw 12 per o7en. The distance from Chi to New York has recently been run in seven 9 The eame speed would carry a steamboat from Panuma to San Frencisco inten days Allow three days to cou- vey freight acrose the lethmue, on a railway, and both paseengers and freight will be conveyed from New York to San Francizco in twenty days. This cele of movement would secure for American luce the entire market of Culiforma. Sailing vessels may be successfully employed be- tween our Atlanuc and gulf ports and the termi- nus of the railway on this side of the lsthmus; and wvopellers from Panama to San Francisco These latter vessels will be found peculiarly suited to that trade; they can use their steam through the calms of the bay of Panama, and against head winds and currents going north, and their swils with favora- ble winds und currents coming south. These modes of conveyance, in connection with the railroad across the Isthmus, would be sufiicient- ly expeditious and economen! to turn the tide of cummerce between the Atlantic and Pacitic States of the Union, into that ehannel. Thi cur commerce on the Pacific, to prom p'oyment of ocean steamers, is of mech importance as connected with the defence of our extensive line of coast, from latitude 32. de deg , the protection ‘of the whale fishery, and other branches of trade on that ocean. The establishment of a line of heavy steamers to China would promote all these objects, increase our intercourse with that country, and probably be the means of opening communications with Japan. Money, wisely em- poyed in promoting these objects, it 18 believed, would pst peaacer to the power and prosperity of the country than its expenditure on any general system of tortificauon, at the present prices of labor and materials. There is one point, however, of such vest importance that no time should be. lost. in teking the necessary steps to render it perfectly im- pregnable—that 1s, the entrance to the harbor of San franeveo, Ou the strength of the works which muy be erect d to defend that pasvage, will depend the :afety of California, io time of war, with a ma- riuine power Permit a hostile fleet to anchor in the barber of Sen Francisco and the country would be virwally conquered. - The coast has not been surveyed, nor has its outhne been correctly ascertained. Loere are mony recks above end below the water-line, aud smallistlands not mentioned or indicated ou any chart, which render navigatton near the land, es- pecially at night, extremely dangerous. An accurate survey of the coast, to commence at the moet important points, the construction of lizbt-houses, and the placing of buoys in proper yeitions, are obyects of much importanes, and, it is pot doubted, will attract the early atteauon of government. METALLIC AND MINERAL. WEALTH. The gold region of Calitornia is between four wod five huwdied miles loag, aad trom forty to htry miles broad, following the line of tne Sierra Nevada. Forther discoveries may, and probably will, inerense the ara. It embraces withia its linnts those extensive ranges of bills whi the evstern border of the plaia of the 3: end Sen Joaquin, and extending eastwardly from 5010 60 mules, they ettarn an elevation of about 4000 fret, end terminate at the base of the main ridge of the Sierra Nevada There are numerous streams which have their sources in the springs of the Sierra, and receive the water from its melting snows, ond that whieh falls in rain during the wet senson. These streams form rivers, which have cut their channels through the ranges of foot-hills westwardly to the plain, and disemoogue into the Sucramento and Sup Joaquin. These rivers are from ten to fifteen, and prodably some of them twenty miles apart. ‘The principal tormation, or sul hills, is taleore elate; the superstratam, sometimes enetratipg to great depth, ia quartz. This, | owever, does not cover ihe entire tace of the country, b in large bodies in various | directiens—is found in masses and small trag- mente on the eurtace, and seen uloog the ravines, and im the mountains overhanviog the rivers, and | a0 the hill-eides in its original beds. It crops out in the salen nd on the tops of the hills, and forms a striking feature of the entire country over which it exiends. From innumerable evidences and indications, it has come to be the universally- admitted opinion amoug the miners and intelligent men who have exumioed this region, that the gold, whether in detached particles and pieces, or in veins, wus created in combination with the queriz. Gold is not found on the surface country, presenting the appearance of haviog been thrown vp and scattered ia all directions +2 vol action It 1s only found in particular focal. ‘and attended by peculiar circumstances and mdientions. It is found 1n the bars and shoals of in raviaes, and in what are called the z é ratuny, in these many of the luxuries of life. Houses have nea im- ed from China, Chili,and the Atlantic States ot the Union. Ail the materials required in bailding cities and towns have been added to the wants of a so numerous, destitute, and remote from the sources of supply. wants on exist as long as emigration continues to flow into the country, and labor em- ployed in collecting gold shill be more profitable than its application to agriculture, the mechanic arte, al fostered and sustained im other civilized commu- nities. This may be shown, by meationing the prices of otrcmees. Leet summerand avtamo, limber was m San Francisco at $300 to $409 per thousand feet. At Stockton and Sacram-mco city, CY bad aad Al these prices, it could be made in the ter:itory, and many persoas were eng uted in the business. I perceive, by recent accouars, that the price had fallen, at San Francisco, to $75; | where labor is per day, and the difficaities atteac- | at this price, it cannot be from $10 to $15 ing its manulacture are much greater than ia the Adantic States. Lumber can be delivered in our ¢ amber markets for an averaze of the various walities, of $16, and treighted to San Francisco tor 34, making $40 per thousand feet. This price eanse the manutacture of it in Calitor to ve abandoned. We may add $20 per thousand, to meet any increase of price in the article itselt, or the fi aod the price would be the same. Itia probable that the demand, tor several years to come, will not be less than tweaty millioas of oe es which, at $10 per ind, will hen California comes to have a population of 200,000, which she will have before the close of the present year, she will require near half a mil- lion of barrels of fleur from some quarter, and no country can enpply it as good and | as the old States of the Union. rence, thie may be set down as an item of about $5,000,000. ‘The article of ele allowing $20 to each person, would be ¢ 1,000,000. js nO preteavioa to accura itema, and they may be estimated too hig' is as possible they are too low. ; ‘¢ have nodata en which to tow calculation of what the vaiue of the trade between the States of Le ky Mountains yee i al a current year. wil veatore ¢ however, ‘hel it will not fall short of millions of It may go far be- yond thet rum, At it, | can perceive no which will retard or diminish emigration the movement shall continue five years, our q ‘with that territory may reach one hun- peraanum. jis is dowbtle-s a start- — it mast be borae in mind that we + to cites and towns, supply machinery articles the comforts and luxuries of lite, for half of people, who will have transferred Dotnet a ee m Bious metals, and whose. pursuits will eaable them to _ to pA cost, may be ne- It 1s diffientt to imayine or caleulate the effec: whieh will be produced on all the industrial par suits of the people of the old States of the Uaion, by Withdrawal from them of a half a million of re, who, in their new homes aod new pur- will give existence to a commerce almost equal in value to our forego trade. Let no one, he is not interested in the wel- tare oF Ganiornie. As oh | he beheve his cnterests wonld not be infue: by closing our ports and cu ting off imtercourse with ail the , distance round Cape Horn 1s 80 that her articles of food dete le in their the great variety of pursuits which are | Including freight and ineu- | in forming their channels, or break- | ing their way through the hills, have come im con- tact with the quartz containing the gold veins, and | by constant aitrition cut the gold iato fine flakes | and dust, and it is found among the and | | gravel of their bed: where the | swiftness of the ew in the dry | | season, to the narrowest ble limits, and where a wide tnargin onsequently, left on each side, over which the water rushes, during the Wet sea- son, with preat force. | As the velocity of some streams is greater thi | othere, #0 is the gold found in fine of coarse parti- cles, epparent by corresponding to the degree of attrition to which i: has been exposed. The water | from the hills and upper valleys, ia jog its way | to the rivers, has cut deep ravines, |, wherever it came in contact with the quartz, has dissolved or crumbled it in pieces. In the dry seavon these channels are mo: < without water, and Pe is fouad in the beds margins of many of them in large quantities, bi a much coarser state than in the rivers; owing, undoubtedly, te the moderate flow and te continuance of the current, which has reduced te #mooth shapes, not unhke pebbles, bat had not } ey = —_ - cut it into one dust. je dry ere places where quartz con- | tainin; Fold bet wropped ‘out, and beta dicince- | grated, crumbled to fragments, pebbles, and dust, j y the action of water and the atmosphere. The gold has been left as it wae made, in all imagio- all sizes, from one grain to several pounds in weight. The evidences that | able shapes ; in piece: | it was created in combination with quarts are too | nomerous and striking to admit of doubt or cavil. ‘They are found in combination in great quantities. | Avery large proportion of the pieces of gold found in these situations have more or less quartz odinsieg, to them. In many specimens they are | so combined they cannot be separated without reducing the whole mass to powder, and subject- ing it to the action of quicksilver. : ie gold, not having been exposed to the attri- | degree, its original conformation. | eve di a 1m some places, spread over val- | leys of considerable extent, which have the appear- ance of an alluvion, formed by washings from the adjoining hille, of decomposed quartz, and slae earth, and vegetable matter. In addition to these facts it 1s beyond doubt trac, that several vein- mines have been discovered in the be ony pout Bumeroas Site my a have poss taken, showing the minute connection between t gold and the rock, and indi @ value hitherto “at | have forced their wey, and consi tion of a strong current of water, retains, ina great } unknown \ ‘These veins do not it the ot ploces where gold may have beam lodged oy some violent eruetion. It is combined with the quartz, in all imeginable forms and degrees of richness. The rivers present very etriking, and, it would seem, conclusive evidence re! ‘ing the quantity of gold remaining andiseovered in the quartz veins. It ie not probable that the gold 19 the 1 dlggia on and that in the nvers—the former in lumps, tl latter in dust—was created by different processes, ‘That which is found in the rivers hai ee been cut or worn from the veins tn the rock, wi which their currents have come in contact. All of them appear to be equally rich. This ts shown by the fact that a laboring man may collect nearly as much in one river as he can in another. tersect and cut through the gold rei ) runt from erst to west, at irregular distances of fil to twenty, and pethaps some of them thirty, miles apart. Hence it appears that the gold veins are equally rich im all parts of that most remarkable section of | couptry ere it wanting, there are further proofs of this im the ravines and dry diueaings, whieh uni- formly confirm what nature 0 plainly shows im the rivers. Por the of forming some opinion respect the probable amount or value of treasure in the fravon, it will be to state the est) mates which been of the quanuty collected since 118 di . Gold was first on the south fork of the American river, at a plece called Sutter's mil, jate in ba early in Jane, 148. could be relied 09 announcing not received in this erty watil tome. No immigration into the mines could, therefore, have taken place from the old States, in that year Tle numberof miners was, conecqnei limited the of the territory—some five hua- red men from ‘Mexicuns and other for- eigners who happened to be iw the county, or come into it Curing the summer and autuma, end the Indtane who were employed by or sold their geld to the whites. Ttis su, d there were not far frem five thou- send men employed in collecting gold during that feuson. If we ew they obtained an average of eve thoveand {dollars eact —which is regarded by well informed persons a8 » low estumate—the ag- gtegate amount be _ Information of tors during the commencement of the ay 1849, people ceme into the territory from all quarters—from Chili, Peru, and other States on the Pacific const of Sodih America—from the weet coast of Mexico —the Sandwich Islande, Chit The emigration trem the U in Inet, if We except those who croesed the [sthmus of Panome, and went up the coast in steamers, and ao who cailed early on the voyage round Cape orn. The American emigration did not come in by sea, in much force, until July and August, and that overland did not begin to arrive until the last of pune und first of September The Chilinos and Mexicens were early in the country. In the month of July, it was supposed there were fitteen theusard foreigners in the min: At a place called Sonorsnian camp, it was belived there were at least ten thousand Mexicans, They hud quite a city of tents, booths, and log cabins ; hotels, taurants, stores, and shops of all descriptions, furnished whatever money could proeure. Ice was brought trom the Sierra, end ice-creams added to bumerous other luxuries. An enclosure made of the trunks and brenches of trees, aad lived with cotton cloth, served as a sort of sapnitheatre for bull-fights; other amusementr, characteristic of the Mexicans, were to be seen in all direcuons ‘The foreigners reeorted principally to the south- em mines, Which gave them a great superiority in bumerice! force over the Americans, and enabled them to teke possession of seme of the richest in thet part of the country. In the early part of the teeton the Americans were mostly employed on the forks ¢f the Americen, and on Bear, Uba, and Feether rivers. As their vumbers increased they spread themselves ever the southern mines, and colliiona were th ned between them aod the foreigners. The latter, however, for some cauce, either fear, or having satisfied their cupidity, or both, begen to leave the mines late in August, and by the end of September many of them were out of the country. It is not probable that durng the first part of the season there were more than five or six thousand Am: nicans nm the mines. This would swell the wilole number, including foreigners, to about twenty thousand the beginning of September This period embraced about half of the season during which gold may be successfully collected iu the nve _ Very particular and ¢ ing the daly exruings and acquisitions of the miners lead to the opimen that they averaged an ounce per day. This i» believed by many to be alow es- tmute ; but trom the best information | was able to procure, Lum of opinion it approaches very near eetvel results. The halt of the season, up to the Ist of September, would give sixty-tive working days, and to each laborer, at $16 per ounce, $1,040 If, theretore, we assume $1,000 as the average col- lected ty exch laborer, we shall probably not go bevond the mark. This fad oh an aggregate of $20,000,000 for the first half of the season —g15,000,000 of which Was prcbably collected by foreigners. During the lust balfot the season, the number of foreigners was very much dimimehed, and, perhaps, did not ex- ceed five thonsand. At this ume, the American in migretion had come in by land and sea, and the number of our fellow citizens ia the mines had, as imated, increased to between forty and fifty and. They were most of them inexpenenced m mining, end it is pro! the results of their ere not as great as has been estimated for part of the eeason, aud experienerd miners aseuming that the a’ of halt an ounce per doy ovght 10 be considered as reasonable, it would give an aggregate of about $20,000000. If trom this we deduct one-fourth, on account of the early commencement of the wet season, we hove an estimate of $15,000,000; at least five of which was collected by foreiguers, who possessed meny edventeges from their experience ia mining end snowledge of the country. ‘These estimates give, as the result of the opera- tions in the mines for 1548 and 1849, the round sum of $40,000,000—one balf of which was pro- bably collected and carried out of the country by foreigners. : From the best information I could obtain, Lam led to believe that at least $20,000,000 240,100,000 were taken from the rivers, oad that their richness has not been sensibly dumimished, except in a few locations, which had e: tracted large bodies of miners. Tois amoui principally been taken trom the northero rivers, or these which empty into the Sacemento; the n rivers, or these which flow into the San having been, comparatively, but little rerorted to until near the close of the last sexson. ‘These rivers, are, however. believed, by those who have visited them, to be richer in the ious me- te] than thoee in the noithern part of the goldea re- yen. O There is one river which, from reported recent discoverie id pot included in the description of to the great plain west of the Sierra ich in gold as any of them. ‘That sinity, which 1 orth of the head- of the Sacramento, and discharges into the Pacific not far from the fortieth degree of north lannvde. There are, as nearly as my recollection serves me, twelve principal rivers in which gold bas beea found; but most of the twenty miilions in the ebove estumate wos tuken from six or seven of them, where it was first discovered and most ac- y@ that the gold tound in has been ent or worn tz Saree which they ering the fact that they ore all neh, end are said to be nearly lly productive, we may form some idea of the unt of treagure remaining undisturbed in which run through the masses of rock ta directions over « space of forty or fifty miles wide, end near five hundred miles loog. If we may be allowed to form a conjecture re- rpecting the nchness of these veins trom the quan- tity ot lump or coarse gold tound ia the dry dig- where B oven to occupy nearly the same frem the veins 1p the q Ily in the rock—1ts specific 7 to resist ordinary moving cevses—we shall be led to imate almost be- 4196 human caleulation and belief Yet, as far as cen perceive, there u plausible reasou why which remain e quartz may pot be as valoable as those which have become separated fre! e decor d rock. This matter can only be satifactorily decided by actual discoveries. The _ region of California having attracted a large +! of public ion, it was to be expect- ed that various suggestions and propositions would be made with respect to the proper mode of dispos- —e it. ‘be diffienlty in ging a euitable plan bas been the want of ac: information on a a 13 ppears, from the preceding part of this rt, thet it is sufficemly important te require d tothe condition and developement of its we ore necesrarily brovght to the conside- ion of the proper rules and regulations to be accyted for that purpose. ‘the irvey and sale of that eectien of country, uncer our present land system, or spy other which may be devised, would, undoubtedly, cause very serous discontent emong those who have Il who may desire to go,there to collect ‘8 moet unneeeseary and unavoidable ity in the distribution of wealth among the pure! tecror: pai inci avtorsot gold on the d treasure ron the daring, broved the norweof Cape Hei ° of @ journey actors the plai d, by the power con, bine tion of resources, would hem ea of the most valuable mines which have been mploy shiltol miners to examine th as much secrecy os possible, for king eneh diecoverira a8 would at degree, to monopolize the 6 of the country. Iti much easier to imagine than deveribe the disconten disorder, which would soring op — an hundred thousand freemen deprive the ilege of an equal enjoyment of, or partic’ what they bave been in the habit of re- ~ 4 commen property of the people of ion or the priv ® Tt is, perhaps, more than doubtful whether sich lowe ev uld be enforced. The employment of troops fer that purpose would not ealy be odious, but in + thew they wonld be more likely to set va ex- imple «f ineubordinanon by devertion, than to coms Lobedvence in others ‘The prople would unite with them ia producing arachy end confusie No system, therefore wheb is not in accordance with the interests of the people con be cerned into succerstal Operation. it te wl fortunate wheo laws are #0 framed ow to harmonize those interests Ih the poley aad doty cf the goveroment. It is believed that may be_scermplished in this case While every Amer zen in the mines aware that he is on government property, and would consider any attempt to drive him away as an act of oppression, be at the same time teele that comething is from him for the privileges he en- joys, and ld willingly pay a reasonable sum to have those privileges defined, and to be pro- tected im the epjoyment of them. The guld in the rivers, the dry diggings, and the ravines, is accessible to any man who has the snength to use @ pan or washer, a spade and pick- exe. Th employment of machinery may, perhaps, feerlitate its collection, but it 18 not essential Every man is master of bis own movements. case will be very different with the vein mines, which yet remain in the rock. To work them succetétully will require machinery, with horse or steem power, involving an expenditure of capital 1p proportion ‘0 the extent of the operations. Ne eta: men will make such investments upul his rights and privileges shall have been clearly defined by law. — In the absence of all legal regulation, if @ man were to discovera vein mine, snd ieur the expense of erecting machinery to work at, any other person, citizen, or foreigner, might construct an establishment alongside of bim, deprive him of his discovery, and destroy the value of bis property. Hence ceived that any law preecribing the privileges and duties of miners should be eo framed as to secure the rights of all. 4 There is some fertile soil in the gold region— beautiful valleys and rich hill-sides, which, under circumstances rable to agriculture, would un- doubtedly be valuable for that purpose ; but at pre- sept, end as long as the collection of gold shall continue to reward i 80 uch more abundantly then the cultivation of the soul, the important mat- ter to be considered is, the proper mode of dis- posing of the metallic wealth of the country. ‘The first step, in my opinion, should be to re- serve the entire region, where gold 1s found, from the operation of the pre-emption laws, and from | sale, so that it may now be regarded as the com- mon treasure of the Amencan people, and here- | after esa rich inheritance to their posterity, Then provide for the apoointment of a commissioner of | the nines, and a sufficien' number ot missioners to carry the law into effect. Let the office of the commirtioner be at some point convenient to the mine: mento city, and the offices of his assistants oa U principal rivers, and in the most productive triets. Provide that any and every American ci 2eD,on pi yeep men office of the commissioner, or any o! ind by paying ounce, or $16, or euch sui may be considered just end preper, shall be entitled to receive a license | joywhere in the territory for one | veur. iso, that any one who shull dis over, cr purchase of the discoverer, a vein mine, shell be enutlea to work it, to a certain extent, under proper regulations,on paying to the commis- sioner evch percent on the proceeds of the mine nay be a suitable tax on the privileges granted. | It will be necessary also to allow the miner to cut | e such timber and other buldiag materials busmess requires; and, alvo, to allow those wok under permits the privilege of erecting cabins for shelter throvgh the winter. Autherize | the commissioner to lay out sites for towns in convenient situations to the mines, and offer the | lots for eale, reserving the metals and minerals, so that those whe make mining @ permanent, pursuit may accumulate eround them the comforts aod erjovn ents ot civilized life. Let those who desire | to cultivate gardens or farm lots be accommodated, | It will be necessary also to authorize the sale of umber and other materials, for building and other | purpeses. There may be other suggestions which Corot now ceuur to me, but no doubt will to these who may be charged with the preparation of | wny meacure which may be brought forward on this eubject. I have suggested one ounce, or $16, as the price | of a permit or license to dig or collect gold for one | year. This I regard as about the average.value of one day’s labor inthe mines This tax, on fifty | thousard miners, the probable number next sum- mer, will give a revenue of $800,000. On one pindred thor obable number of 1851—it will give $1,600,000, besides the per cent vm onthe vein mines, and the sam reerived tor town lots, timber, &e., &e., which wonld proba- bly swell the amount to at t $2.000,000, Any vanation in tax imposed, will, of course, in- crease or diminish this estimate. A suitable amount of the money thus collected should be expended in constructing roads and bridges, to facilitate communication to and through the mining drstricts. M These facilities will so reduce the cost of living in the mines, thet the miners will gain instead of loee by paving the These are accommoda- tions which the mine mselves will never pro- vide, because of the want of concert of action among them tuflicient to accomplish such objects, bot for which they will willingly pey any moderate contribution. A liberal per centum should be al- lowed out of this sum, ae a school fund, and for the estebhebment of an university to educate the yeuth of California. Let it not be considered that this will be doing injustice to the older States of the Union. They will reap a harvest sufficiently rich in their Intercourse with their younger sister on the Paeifie, to justify the most liberal course of policy towards her. Ihave given peme es the probable revenue for J€51, under the proposed system. This would diecharge the interest on the emount stipulated in the treaty to be paid to Mexico for Calitornia and New Mexico, provide $300,000 per annum fora echool fund, and the necessary improvemeats in the mining districts, and create a sinkiog fund of balf a million per annum, to pay the principal of the indemnity to Mexico. An increase of the number of miners, or of the price of permits, would of course increase the reve If the vern-mines shall be found as ex- nd productive as the best informed per ose, the nght to work them, properly se- and the opportunity thus offered to advantoge, will justify the col- larger per centoge on their gross : y veing machinery lection of a much product than it is proposed to ey. from those who labor with their own hands in the nse of the mite means pow employed in the collection of 1d. The amount, therefore, collected from this source may ulumetely be as large, perhaps larger, then that for If revenue is an object, there can be little doubt that, by the adoption of this system, the amount | collected in a few years will be larger than the en- tire district w ready money, if offered for sale: ad privileges of ed 1m the mines will be secured from and monopolizing efirit of individaal proprieters; California and the whole Un , served from scenes of anarchy and coat not bloodshed, which must result from a eale the mining region to epeculators, and an attempt | to protect them in the enjoyment of their pur- of the commissioner and his avsist- ceived, im fixed sums, or in the form of a per | cenitm. Thave proposed to exclude eeipeess from the privilege of purchasing permits, and trom working as discoverers or purchasers in the vein mines. My reesons for recommending this policy are, that these manes belong to, and in my judgment thould be preserved for, the use and benefit of the Ameri I mean, of course, all citizens, han fif- nd During ¢ ning eeason of 1819, mo: teen thousand foreigners, mostly Me or, came, in armed bands, into ¢ jet, bidaing definnce to all opposition, an ly eonying ‘out of the country some twenty mil- lions of dollars’ worth of gold duet, which belonged by purchase to the ‘of the United States. if not excluded by law, they will return and recom- mence the work of plunder. They may, with as much right, gather the harvest in the valley of the Connecticut, the Ohio, or Missivsippt. No other netion, having the er to protect it, would per- mit ite eesure to be thus carried away. I would not sliow them to purchase permits, or work vein mines, because the contributions proposed to be re- quired are so moderate thet they will not cause the thigbtert inconvenience to the miners, and are not designed as an equivalent for these privileges | coast asily be paid out of the amount re | * bene returned with te market in California forthe epee oud jaanetan” tures of the other States of the Union will eahance noose pnp eli the gold oe pat Novae weulth and comfort hitherto Daknane eeoeg them. The quicksilver mines of California are believed to be numerous, extensive, and very valuable. There is one near San Jose, which bck to, or ia claimed by, Mr Forbes, of Tepic, in Mexico. ‘The ci: ore, which produces the quicksilver, lies n he surface, is easily procured, and be- lieved to be remarkably productive Discoveries of other mines are reported, but no certain intormation Weepection them has beeo made public. It 18, undoubtedly, a fortunate cir | cumstance that nature. in wing on Ci fornia such vast allie treasure, has provided, almoet in ite immediate meigpaerbons, inexhansti- ich is 80 who went out last Smople reward for their! ble stores of quicksilver, w! essential in geld mining. ss The y of government with respect to these mines of cinnabar should, in my opinion, be quite different from that which I have felt it my duty to svggent for the management of the gold regioa. As soon he pecesssry explorations can be made, and proper information obtained, it will be well to offer these mines for sale, and commit their developement to the hands of private enterprise. It ia beheved that there are extensive beds of silver, iron, and copper ores, in the territory ; but there is po information sufficiently accurate re- specting them, to justify any statement of their ex- istence or value. I have alrendy alluded to the propriety of estab- lishing a mint in California. ‘This 1s important in mavy reepects. At this time thei not coin ia the country to supply a currency. Much difficulty is experienced in procuring enough to pay the du- ties on imported goods. The common circulating medium is, therefore, gold dust, which is sold at $15 50 to $16 per ounce. In the mines it is fre- quently sold much lower. The miners, the lahor- ing men, are the sufferers from this state of things, Theee who purchase and ship gold to the At- Januc States muke large profits; but those who dig lose what others make. . Lhave estimated that there will be $50,000,000 collected during the current year. At $16 per ounce. that sum will weigh 3,125,000 ounces. Gold, at the United States mint, is worth $18 per cunce, making a difference in value, on this ty, between San Freneisco and New York, 0, whch would be saved to the miners ha nt ot » mint gested its importance asa means d gz ovr trade with the of promoting west coast of It is not dow woy werosa the Isthmus of Panama, Sout merica. the censtruction of a ratl- nd perhaps The Garine Hospital at Staten Lsiand, As the season for the inorease of emigration te this port is pow commenced. the Marine Hospital ot States Ielacd becomes an object of interest. Our reporter visited the institution a few days ago, and has preseat- 04 us with the following results, which we lay before our readers. ‘The Quarantine Hospital. for the reception of siete emigrants, et Staten Island, is a very extensive esteb- Urbment, consisting of three brick buildings, four tees, one etore room, one cook house, two kitek_ one warh houre, office of physician, office of apothe- eward's office, gate house, physi 1d health officer's residence, Be- . the ersistant physicians and the | health offleer’s boatmen ere accommodeted im houses onthe island. The hospital contains 34 wards, and le ‘ire control of the resident physician. Fer- under the joint contro! of the health effi- owmissioner of health, and the resident phy- sielan of the city. About two years ago it was placed under the control of the Health Officer and the Com- misrioner of Emigration. This co-ordinate authority and divided responsibility were found not to work very barmonious! a change was made by the Legislature, in April lest. The health off oer attends to the visiting of vessels, and the resident physician to the treatment of bis pe tients Im this be is aided by four assistants, but be alone is responsible for the health of the ewigraate.— It wes found, ort experivnce, that the powers by the act of the Legtelature. be could only treat the paticnts—he had no power to admit. or reject. or dis- cbarge, or to maintain the quaranti It was necesrary, therefoe, cither to have a superintendent, or to invest the phynici ith that office. The latte, cource was adopted as the mort expedient, and thus the eomplete contro! of the establishment is placed ia the bards of Dr. F. Campbell Stewart. No patieat is permiited to leave the hospital, uoder any oir cumetences, until discbary end no persom, met even the assistant physicians, can visit the city without his special permirsion; avd no person is permitted to virit the Sorpital without authority cply given under very peculiar The yello «Micer to thore efrcted with it is necessary to give it @ libe determine their charsoter. aad it ts wafer, he admission of many perrons ooly laboring wa- der cold, or acute inflame the ¢stublishment of ether lines of be ween the two oceans, will give to the prodace and manufactures of the older States of the Union command ef the marke aliforma, tothe ex- clusion, in a great deg f those of the west | A mint will therefore become of the utmost im- ortance, to give such marketable value to silver polion ps to enable the merchants of those coune tres to keep up ond increase their intercourse with ovr principal ports on the Pacific. The silver bullion shipped to Europe from the west coast of Mexico, amounts to more than ten millions of dollars per ayoum. Frem the countries cn the west coast of South Ameries, probably an equal quantity. That frem Mexico goes to pay for Evrepenn importations into her ports on the At- leanne side. i A market at San Francisco for this bullion, wii be the means of substmting American and C nese fabrics for those of European manufacture ia al] those countri ‘This will greatly increase the trade between C d Cahforma J have the honor to be, with great respect, your most obedient servant, ‘ | (Sipned) T. BUTLER KING. | To the Hon Jonun M. Crayton, Secretary of State. BEDFORD, WKSTCNKSiKK COUNTY. Before Justice Robertson, testime py the foll « ip May last the priecter. who was pos'mester of the place. made en assignment of all bis property, to se. cure a debt due bis tarber-in lew ; hat at the time of judgment to bis Jodebted | jue by for the purpore, as is slleged, of giving priority to the arsigement It appeared in evidence that the assiga- Wept was rece? d: the judgment was withheld thil the prisoner did not make up the 1. The teatt- ting as to dates, it wae scomed up on the part of the defence by ° the part of the United States by Mr. Sumi Judge will gi 13 Coolsjon im the course of «few days delpbia led at No the 224 yesr of bis celved from ably encden as none jed it. A letter etates that the mou forts it made to dlagor I was abont to some p' hen the grotto begem to open as if under the in- fluence of an earthquake. and aa | fed | found that my clothes were burped upon my back Hed | not qalck- life would have been seort ‘iced, for it there issued forth wp Up bombe« and Highton! minutes the lave extended to the foot of ing & mest wonderful aod beautiful rcone.’ » THe Henore y Piedaiog her word that forcible meaus to get por child The guardian of the cbildren war notat eo when the application was mate at his reridenee, bat under this sleme his indy come the convent, perior. by re- the mother, dw belt of Team hill otbers if | opposed’ The latices, etrack ‘with orpsternation mede wo resistance and goon after, Howard with ber child, entered @ sacri arted. to the how in Kentuony. a the guardianebip of his onidren. The wards cbtained them by rtratagem, but Gnelly re- Hoquirbed the to, to bis fatber by tne pay ment of #200. The girl wee more recently ob'sined from her ine elniler manner it. is (Me ) Union, March 19, ware at Arebuee taken up for oonsideratiem, together with the profs and documents connected therewith. the beard came to an opinion that the claim aforersia te ot valid agatr et the republic of Mexico, according |y mot allowed. emorial of J 0. Levy, claiming for Foreigners, therefore, would willingly pay these +mall seme for permission to collect aad carry awey milhons of dollars in value. The object is not only a evitable revenne, but to preserve, for the we of our own fellow-citizene, the wealth of that region. “i jie system of permits will meke all whe por chare them police officers, to aid in exclading from the mines all who are not en:itied to, or who do not procure them. This will prevent deserters frem the army and navy from bring harbored and proteeted im the mines. Not being allowed to vorchose permits, the assistant commissioners, sided by the miners, would soon detect and arrest therm. “Sarlore belonging to the mercantile marine similar manner, thus y. try would be pro tected from the disastrovs consequences resoling by their crews, a heavy tax on con- asa measure of self- ction, must charge euch heavy loeses on their cee, ond consequently they fall on thore who hove. army and navy woald be « tem demoralization, and prepared for service ia cope of necessity. aon of the emigrants to r ifornia, eapecially shore from the western Stetes, will remain and ‘orm a resident population ; but there will be thoa- sends and tens ch ocean of young aod middile- “rd werkingmen, from all parts of the Union, «he will revert to the mines for the purpose of ob- eitorg the means to purchase a ferm, or establish hemerlves Income favorite pursuit, and as soon + they bave cceured # suffc.ent amount, will re- orn, end their pee iN be supplied by others she will go and do ready commenced. Many The pace corrupt Jedtetal decietome, &o , in 1843, nd down to 1540, was submitted. examined, ta to be received. The memorlal of Ander claiming fer demurtege of drigautine Ade tor lers of @ chain cabie, was submitted, exam! Tejeoted a8 not copforming to tbe ruler of the Board The idder, claiming for s foroed lean U , was eud- semined end On to | dered, That leave be given to withdraw the merial and papers of Wilitac S Mosservey, fm order | it they may be made to conform to the rales of the | . Ordered, That when the Board this dey ed. Dall rtend adjourned until the hoor of nom June next Ordered, That the compen: jeu of the 17 | clothing, for the destitute si + | Am od man. fon. with ship fever ty ireare aud death. Wi | pect. euch caves co velope tbemeei vs af! York. Hence tt ts th: ou Ward's Isinnd, wh re the destitute | who are suppored to be free from eny contagious dis care Some idea may be formed of Lae great raap nd bility devolving on the health officer, aud the dificaity Glog the divcharg uties, when it is steed iu May tart there were lying together at the Oro es Mery eventy hty versely tu & | einule day. ‘The tees of the health officer, ebarged up | each verrel Le bourds, average from $20,000 to $0 0 Per appum, The (torprtal ie eupported hy $1 50 com~ mutation movey, paid by Che owaere of captain of mace for every emigrant they laud, wh eviously out of 9 probably be ra Institution is deeply taken into acccunt that !and has ber | buildings erected—ap expense it wit! not De mearnaney to incur sgeip. Stores end medicines at» provided by tne requisl of the phyrte the offles of the Cowmisstower of Emi: net only to provide 100d aud mea quired to deliver up what: tering the Bospltal; it is co belied. and rent to the office of the Conmmintonsre of | Emigration If they conceal their y and should | afterwards | without red: | there poor peo, | wdwicted tuto the boepital 8 he hed eny cy he denied it most rerolutely, lathe progeeas of ne of the Burces huppened to sve a belt hich wae takea from him and fowad co ons ench etitebed in separately Coe beeqaentiy died. A purty ix not permitted He must report it to the ‘The reporter ¥ (fee copnected greited wih t of the ap comfort of tbe pationts, Order and rd toa very remarkable degree aod wos tadtiontive of ement of ruler, in such am evtabtobe 2 disorder het wit! regularity aud pre the pamer ef all whi the t from the oliferent tleier, by which be makes ou’ th tb bospiti pk ere were 2469 discharged and £00 died tour wirg about 700 in horpital et the begtmuteg of the there were S13 | La | to bie acrival, by the rolling of a water cask agsiost > O vo; end thoogd it rematord alt that time heated and the maa in excelent wart giver the bighes® tan’, De. D ‘The present cemetery te about a mile aed a ball from | the borptrat, lately there was the aioet viol-nt projwtiee ee 1° dead to be mm yo tn the how ea0g the only withta all fer of e« | im consequence ) the Ceners of ptopercy oa the Nitulton remowed ty) Sandy Hook, repristion ut Tuttaings Bandy Hook, for eouvenient wmd im proper tal; and if It continues to be ed pe toattered over the efty with the wetect end contegious disenre in their vitals Vet thar fe rmeall om yd tote the 22d of April till the ead of grants arrived in tite port , oF about 3 pee awmt, Wore admitted into the Thar it ts that the comm on money ef the bealthy em'grants goes te the euppors of the dretitate rick. % If any trostee of any eavines iO) fail to sitend the peeulae meetin: ew form the dutt: sdevoleime > Dersepcer of this Hoard be at the rate of | for the © LAN more enty 9 mowthe, if envum, to count from the artery to heard, he may be re dew! puch being the usual « A much te . ploasore of the tation for eimilar terviecs in the bureaus of the 5 susp Departanens. Bees 5. Tie net aball cade ef es immediately, Torn. & tee. Meurorn or LT bave compared t!¢ proce? ing with am etoat ete Teepectabli Veatoiar a) m cle in thin ofies sad 4 rep denom + trans spt theretrom, avd oily morce vifeon f . aud while mr. P. Hiete de blow Dpom the temple with a hatenet feet Pewee could not be the binds of which entered voed death some twent vite ct Mr. P. wae e end celled tober brother, sina rem and erked bim it he heard « noise " Totqdeag ‘that be heard burband é. Ti ; : 332 + is it = #2: i : ze Fi 2. i F bet he prow muroer, nine i : ! : 4 lof Lal Be ra Pes tery an onwaon, D > feveetacy Mabe New Tar Law. The fellow bas bith : et the Legtetatere, pg By premulg banuhee awe eed Statetes As Ace to amend tha ron) “a pao a resa te the angons- NewYork, evonted to hag