The New York Herald Newspaper, November 23, 1849, Page 2

NEW YORK HERALD. Slorthwest corner of Fulton and Nassau sts. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR AM WTALIAN OPERA HOUSE, Astor Place—Oreuto. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery—Twe Tunes Guanps- aN. SEMENTS THIS EVENING. proapway THEATRE, Broadway—-Norma—-Oun Mary Anne. BURTON'S THEATRE, Chambers strect~Romaner And Reavivy—MANWON AND Ga MMon, NIBLO’S GARDEN, Broadway—Gonexsk:—Divertise~ MENT—M. DecHALU MEAD, NATIONAL THEATR hatham square—Lany or Ly= oxs—Poon SOLDIER. OLYMPIC THEATRE, Broadway—Devrt ty Panrs—Ua- piss BEWARE-StPARATE MAINTENANCK—AMY LER, MECHANICS! HALI—Cunisry's Mixsrn es, AMERICAN MUSEUM—Avicsixo Pervronsances Evr- RY AFTERNOON AND Evening. SOCIETY LIBRARY ROOMS—Camrneta's M CIRCUS, Astor Place—Eq MANHATTAN CIRCUS, near Williamsburgh—Eques- TRIAN PERFORMANCES. STOPPANI HALL—E TRELS. STRIAN Penrornman New Yorw o. “New York, Friday, November 23, 184 The News. ‘The Caledonia has not yet arrived at Halifax, She is now in her thirteenth day. Tne Rights and Wrongs of American Authors. A few days ago, we said something about the | wholesale system of piracy practised by the pub- ishers of this country, on the authors of Europe. We had space hardly to glance at the extent of the robbery, much less to expose the enormity of the outrage. We shall,on some future occasion, how. ever, enter that field, and show in detail how foreign authors have been robbed of the fruits of their la- bors, and how many exasperating insults and in- dignities have been added, to inflame the outrage. ‘The means of doing thisare in our hands—we shall, at the proper time, publish not a few startling facts, and corroborate them by the testimony of the lite- rary men of England, whose declarations are en- titled to the most implicit belief. But our business to-day 1s with our own authors, of whose rights and wrongs the great journals have nothing to say, and about which the public know s0 little. The most fatal consequences of this book piracy are felt by American writers. On their heads the curse falls with a double weight; and, although it would require a huge volume to unfold the eubject in all its aspects, we shall begin | a | the very ground in this city which Washington once | the labor, aud continue it as me and space may allow; for we are persuaded, that although the great pirating book publishers of this country have hitherto crushed any and every attemptin | Congress to enact an international copy-right law, yet, so soon as the nation understands the subject» the people will call on their representatives to in- terpose their authority,Zand put an end to so out- rageous an atrocity. We have every reason for such a belief, for it cannot be supposed that the American people wish to discourage the growth and cultivation of a home literature, when they are willing to be taxed to make education universal and free; to crush and impoverish the authors and teachers of the country, on whom the nation is dependent for all the instruction thet is given in schools, colleges, and uatver- sities; to drive teachers from the school- house, professors from seats of learning, authors from their libraries, lecturers from their desks, and editors from their tables. No! we cannot be- lieve that a nation so filled with intelligence, which has done 80 much for learning, will allow its representatives to refuse to enact a law which will give our literary men the secure enjoyment of the fruits of their labors, It would be contrary to its history, a libel on its justice and intelligence, to suppose it. A few able and honest members of Congress, we are assured, will bring the matter of an international copyright law early before the national Legislature, and there can hardly bea doubt of its paszage. Meantime, we shall lay the matier before the nation, in all its principal bear- ings One of the most palpable evils of the present sys- tem eppeers in the fect, that while our publishers can make all the money they want or even covet, by robbing the popular authors of Europe, and printing their works without pay, they will not | take American books, unless our authors will write them for nothing. Thus, we have more eminent men in eny other department of life than in litera- ture. Fitz Greene Halleck tried to live by his pen, but we doubt if that pen ever gave him his bread, until he became a clerk. * Mareo Bozzarie,” the best thing of the kind in our language. He wrote a volume of po@try, and a famous house pu wager he never gota groat for his trouble. He found the mvses unprofitable. He could make more, page for page, by posting books, than by writing the neblest verses. Scourthe whole field of American anthorship, and we doubt if five lite- rary men of reputation can be found who live by their copyrights. Even Irving has depended on other resources thon those derived from his pen. | Cooper has to stereotype his own books, we are told, and the perpetual cepynights on all his works has been recently sold for less than one-tenth whet Sir Walter Scott got for a single romance not half as good as any of Cooper's; and we venture that not a publisher can be found in the United States who would give $1,000 for the cop book Cooper can write. Even Professor Sparks, the greatest of all our national historians, has never been able to rely upon his pen for the means of support; and yet he has edited all the works of Washington and Franklin, and written their lives end the lives of the most illustrious fathers of our republic. He hae shed more light on our history than any—we had almost said all our writers Bryant has been pronounced by Blackwood and the Edinburgh, to be our greatest poet. We wish Mr. Bryant would tell vs if bis poetry ever gave him the eelt he has eaten in his porridge ? Le was, in early life, driven from the field of-literature, where he had achieved a trivmph, to the filthy arena of party polities, to get his breed and butter. We hezard nothipg in saying that there isnot an Ame- ricen euthor that is meking as much money by his pen asa firet rate book-keeper in Wall street, or Jim Grant, the barber, of Ann street, (his foreman 1s still there shaving as ueuel,) even before he quit cutting hear for a living, and went to California to moeke a fortune. Sooner or later, almos literary man in this country makes the dive that his pen will not give him his bread—that he is not sure of his living from the sale of his books Occasionally, we know, an author rises on a@ tran- sient wave of popularity; but the good fortune is a wave that soon pasees. We boldly make the statement, that if the literary men of this ceuntry, as a clase, had no other means to rely on for their support than their books, they could not keep their bodies and souls together, exc and these are accidents. The reason is obvious. Will the Ilarpers pay Cooper $5,000 for a mss. novel, whe subscribing for a copy of Blackwood’s May get Bulwer's Caxton’s for five dollars? Will they pay $10,000 for a great American history, when they can rob Hallam of his magnificent Introduc- tion to the Literature of the Middle Agee, by buy- ing the Englich copy for forty shillings? Think, for a moment, of the double cruelty of this system. A robbery is perpetrated upon the English author, which 1s fatal to his American brother. One crime paves the wey for another. Lamartine has his birthplace and home altar sold at auction, in Franee, when sixpence # copy on his “Cirondists” in New York, would eave it, and ascore of pub- lishers can keep themselves bey in printing their they can, by pireted edition; and when Mr. Irving, or Mr. Any- | bcdy, calls-in, seme fine morning, with a as copy of a new (and, for aught they know, as good, o: better) book, he is saluted by a “Halloa, Colonel, how do ye flourish 2. How does literature go, this morning ? Glad to see you lookin’ so well, General. How do the sisters thrive? Has Mr. Seob an idea of cutting into our Macaulay? We've laid aside $25,000 to break him down, and we'll do it;” and the American retires half saturated with the tobac- co juice of the pirates. Whatif this house could | not reprint Lamartine’s work without paying the | author, and, forsooth, the translator, too? Would | the American author be driven with contempt from the doors of men who would go on their knees to | beg his books, if they could not steal works with- | out paying for them, or even reading them ? Who | is the American author who has not been compelled to submit to more than one scene of humiliation of this kind, before he could get even his mss- examined? Give us the name of the man! Is this the way to have a national literature? Is this the way to develope the national genius of our authors? Is this the way to make up libraries for our towns, and villages, and school districts, | where our young men receive their first impres- | sions of men and government? Will you, eiti- zens of America, educate your sons in the school of Europeat politics, rather than imbue them with | the thoughts, and feelings, and principles of such { men as Washington, Jefierson, Adama, and Frank- lint And yet you are compelled to do it, by the | American publisher, because he will priat only foreign books, these being the only books he ean print without paying for them. In this manner our rising generation is educated in foreign ideas, and we have nota national character or a national literature. We are not inclined to favor party spirit or sectarianism, i any form or shape. We And yet, this man wrote | ished it; but we will Jay a | ght of any | ina few cases— | have never done it. But we are inclined to Ame- | ricanism, in its noble and lofty sense. We believe, | and we know, that with Washington and his great | colleagues in the field and the Senate, arose a | have impressed themselves on the hearts of our | people ; that while we should have been deve- oping the national genius of the nation, we have | rope—and this means its political, social, and in- | tellectual principles. We have not followed the | councils of our fathers. We have lost the severe | honesty, the stern integrity of the men of the re- ‘ volution. Our children are readmg the vile trash of Paul de Kock, George Sands, and Eugene | Sue, instead of the pure and exalted works of | American writers, who were born in houses which | have been riddled with the bullets of hired Hessian | soldiers. The patriotic and self denying spirit of 1776 is giving place to French sentimentalities, and stood on, is no longer sacred. And why is this? Will any American publisher step forward and say, it 1s because we have no men | of genius in this country, who can write good | books for the education of the nation? They dare not say it. They know it is not so. But they know that in no country can authors work without pay, any better than other men. They can cram and glut our book market with filthy, | obscene, * yellow cover literature,” or if they wish | to set up avery high standard for them, they ean | give us 200,000 copies of the last novel of James or | Bulwer, and advertise and puff the work in five | thousand newspapers, and the whole country is deluged with the book; and in railway cars, and on steamboats, and in drawing rooms, this over- | pufiea novel becomes the topic of conversation, and the foreign author becomes the lion in Ame- | rica, and Europeans laugh at us for the folly. | Nobody disputes what the paid pufis of the news- | papers say—and the book is in everybody’s hand, | and the poison (may be) is distilled around every fireside in America ; and the American author is jostled aside and crowded off the stage. Repulsed by pirating publishers, unnoticed by the prees, and consequently uaknown to the people, he finds | himself starving, and he goes to selling pork and | flour, to get hus bread? Such isa brief and hasty | sketch of some of the evils of the present system— but their name is legion, and nothing can pat an | end to them and rescue the nation, but an later- national Copyright Law. Keduction of Poetage—The Postmaster ) General's Report, | From information which we have received from Washington, as well as from the givings out of the newspaper organs of the cabinet thronghout the country, there seems to be no doubt that a great portion ef General Taylor's fortheoming message will be devoted to the subject of postage, and that he will recommend a reduced and uniform rate, in | | lieu of those now in operation. It also appears | that the report of the Postmaster General is on the | high read to completion, and that it will show that department of the government to be ina very sound and prosperous condition, with a surplus to its | This fact | credit of over half a million of dollars. carries with it the best argument that could be ad- duced in favor of cheap postage. It disposes at once of all the objections which Cave Johnson and the opponents of cheap postage generally made, when the combined voice of the people reached the halls of Congres, a few years ago, and de- mended a reduced rate. a million of dollars and over, at the end of the pre- | cent fiecal year, would be increased sixty thousand dollars, but for the abuse of the franking privelege by certain members of Congress, that sum having | been paid by the department for the delivery of matter forwarded under the franking privi- We are p'cased to hear of the admirable working of the new postage law, and we have no doubt that the information which will be laid before Congress, he ensuing session, by the Message of the Pre- sident, and the Postmaster General's Report, will justify a still farther decrease in the rate of post- age. It was argued, before the passage of the pre+ vent reduced rate, that the Post-office department would be a burden on the treasery—that it could not support itself if the reduction w made ; but | the result shows the same state of things, in this country, as followed a similar measure in Eng- land. So far from the Post-office department in either country being a dray on the people, it has become in both a sour standing that in England there is a woiform rate of only two cents, of onmpenny sterling. Dut we | must not be satisfied with stopping at this port. Ye must go farther, and Congress oaght at the next session to reduce the rate still lewer. The experience which we have gained in the working of the new law, will justify the step; and we hope Congress will make a still greater reduction, whether it be recommended or not by the Presi- dent or the Postmaster General. The rate should be uniform on both letters and newspapers, and fixed at as low a point as possible. People may differ in opinion es to what this lowest point should be, but we are satisfied that a uniform rate of three cents on letters, for any distance, would amply pey, eng. w-imburee the department for all its expenses. On newspapers, we should eay, one | cent would be quite sufficient, for any distance | over one hundred miles, and half that sum for dis- tences under one hundred miles. Ja both eases, the payment of the postage should invariably be This would m ransportation in advance. of the mails a cash business, ond would enable the | department to dispense with half the number of cletks and assistants which are now employed, besides renderisg the accounts easy of adjust ment, and settlement free from doubt and in- | triesey, | These are our views on the changes and res | forms that should be made im the rates of postage, | at the ensuing session of Congress. They may coincide with those of the President and of the | Postmaster General, and may be recommended to | Congress, for their adoption. But whether they | are or not, or whether they will be so recommended | OF not, We are certain that they embrace the views of the great bulk of the people, who will demand new set of principles, which ought, long ago, to | been slavishly copying the literature of old Eu- | And this surplus of half | that they shall be carriedout, And we would be willing to go even still furthér, and say chat anniform rate of two cents on letters would cover all the ex. penses of the transportation of the mails, but for the present we will be content with TuRgEe CeENrs— to which point, we think, Congress will be obliged to reduce it during the next session. We think it would be advisable for public meetings to be held on this subject, in the large commercial cities, and memorials prepared, calling upon the members of the next Congress to act promptly in this matier; as our readers know too well, that body moves very slowly in legislation, and a few expressions of public opinion might quicken their pace, and bring about this retorm, and the benefits that would cer- tainly flow from it, atan earlier day than if Con- gress were left to itself, and not jogged on or hur- ried in the matter. ‘ There is another branch of this subject, to which we wish to call the attention of the President, the Postmaster General, the public, and members of Congress. We allude to the rate of postage on letters between the United States and Europe. By the treaty recently entered into between the United States and England, the rate is fixed at twenty-four cents, independently of internal postage. This 1s enurely too much. It is a serious tax on the mercantile community on each side of the At- lantic, and is a positive grievance to hundreds and thousands, and, we might say, millions of people in each country. The emigration to the United States from the old world has been so great within the last few years, that there is scarcely a family in Europe that has not one or more members or rela- tives in the United States. As a general thing, this class of people are poor—in many instances, exceedingly poor—to whom a rate of twenty-four cents, with the internal postage of each country | added, 1s a barrier to all communication by letter. | Let the rate be reduced to a free trade point—say | ten cents, or even five cents, instead of twenty-four, and the post-offices of each country, as well as the | contractors for carrying the mails across the | ocean, will be just as much benefitted as the people will be. For every letter that now passes between the two countries under the present system, there would be twenty, if the rate were reduced. The United States, es pecially, ought to lose no*ume in taking this mat- ter in hand. We are the freest people under the canopy of heaven. We are a self-governed peo- ple, and we preach self-government to the rest of the world. But self-government can never be ob- tained in Europe, until the despotisms which exist \ there are undermined and thrown down. The most effectual way of accomplishing such a work, | is to promote the interchange of views between the two hemispheres. an emigrant in this country writes to his family or friends in Europe, isa revolutionary document— | an attack on despotism. It is our duty, then, apart from other considerations, to increase and multi- | ply the number of those missives. But without this, we are. satisfied it is for the interest of both England and the United States to make the reduc- tfon, in a pecuniary point of view. We hope Congress will act on this subject at an early day. Now is the Spm time for agitat- ing it. Let the friends of cheap postage through- out the country bestir themselves, and if the pro- per exertions be made, the letter postage will be reduced to three cents before six months, the rate for newspapers toa cent and half a cent, and our government will propose to Great Britaia to reduce the rate of ocean postage to a much lower point than it was fixed at by the treaty now in force be- tween the two countries. Important Discovery 1N Tus TreasuRY— Twenty on Twenty-rive Muutions Wantev.— In order to prepare the public mind for the disclo- sure on the meeting of Congress, the cabinet letter | | writers have beea hinting, im their letters to the | | outside organs, the probability of a deficiency in | the treasury of a lerge amount. This has waked | up the sleepy organs at Washington, and they — forthwith repair to the Treasury department, to ex- | amine the books. The result must be very grati- | fying to the stock-jobbers. The Intelligencer and Republic, afer a careful examination, report that there must be a deficiency in the treasury, oa the 30th of June, 1851, of between fifteen and twenty millions of dollars. This is the official estimate, but the probability is, the real deficiency for the next fiscal year will rise to twenty or twenty-five millions. The discovery is very important; but if the drowsy organs of the cabinet, and their letter writers, had read the New York Herald, they would have been saved a great deal of trouble. Oa the 22d day of August last, we published, ia the meney article of the Herald, some remarks on the state of the finances, which we republish, with other offi- cial tables, in the same department to-day. From theee tables it will appear, that at the close of the fiveal year, ending the 30th of June last, there was Jeficiency, arising from the ordinary expenses of the government, of upwards of eight millions, or exceeding twelve millions, including the Mexican indemnity. The receipts for the same year, from customs alone, exceeded twenty-eight millions; | and from all sources together, they amounted to thirty-three millions—an aggregate which cannot probebly be exceeded by the receipts of the cur- Tentyear. | Whatis to be done? With all the ingenuity of Secretary Walker as a financier, there was some bungling in the eettlement of his accounts, and the tinkering cabinet which has succeeded him, will doubtless make it the pretext for their own ext | vegances and bad management. Their policy ine volves a liberal squandering of the public money, for it includes an increase of office holders, an imerease of salaries, an increase of speca~ lating contractors, a general system of internal | improvement, the payment of the five or ten mil lions of French spoliations, and everything upon a splendid and liberal seale. With « standing defi- | ciency of twelve millions, and a probable decrease in the receipts, how ean we reconcile such a system to anything short of a deficiency, for the next year, | of trom twenty to twenty-five millions? The list of official expeditions to California, Santa Fé, and | the Salt Lake, and the expenses of the military go- verpment of the new territories, mast also be taken into the account, and these may swell the deficiency to nearly thirty millions. But, instead of economizing and retrenching their extravagances, the receipts must be aug- mented. The cabinet propose to do this by raising | the tariff to the etandard of *42, or something like it. Mr. Meredith, it is given out, is making out his argument to preeent to Congress, in support of the echeme. Our experience, however, shows, that, under the act of 1846, the receipts from cus tome have been greater than under the bill of °42, or eny other bill. From our present improved sys+ | tem ot manufa | home market, any material increase of duty apon foreign goods must, to a greater or less extent, di- | minish importations, and diminish the revenue. The benefits of an exorbitant tariff would be con- fined to the home manufactures, to the exact emount of the decrease of importations. A tax of one hundred per cent upon cold iron would be ex- cellent for home protection, but would probably not bring adol'er into the treasury. The danger is that Mr. Meredith will ran into eome sneh ex- tremes, increase of expenses. The only plan to make both ends meet, 1 to retrench expenses, and cut off all | exereseenees. Nothing else will insure the trea” sury from bankraptey. Loans oaly postpone the final dey of settlement, and no sort of tinkering with the tariff will meet a deficiency of twenty mile A believe that Mr. Meredith regularly receives | the Mevald in his department. Had he read it caretully, he might have discovered hw existing enibarrusemenis some months ego, and gained time to make his preparations to meet tiem. We would ndvice him to study the Merald for the fatare ; and if Mr. Clayton intends to continwe in the State de- | partment, let him replace the Mernld upon the files | of his office, and read it thoughtfully. Medicines which are sometimes bitter to the taste, are good | for the stomach ree, and the competition in the | Movements of Henry Clay—Visit to the Office of the New York Herald, Yesterday forenoon Henry Clay received visits from both sexes, and a host of invitation he was reluctantly compelled to decline. The great object of Mr Clay’s visit, was to see New York as it is— to see its arts and manufactares, its architecture, and progress in the higher hes of education. Among other invitations he |, Was one from @ society of ladies, to be lionized at one of the! eetings. The Hon. gentleman, accompanied by Alderman Bevson, in answer to an invitation of Mr. Bennett: visited the office of the New Fork Herald, at two o'clook, P.M. The special object of his visit was to witoess the practical working of the famous fast presses, capa- ble, cach ef running off ten thousand sheets per hour, invented by R. M, Hoe, of this city. Mr. Clay and Mr. Benson were ushered into the edi- torial sanctum, and when the latter introdaced his distinguished guest to the editor, Mr. Bennett cordial- ly welcomed him to his establishment, and expressed himself highly gratified at the visit. After the inter- change of the usual courtesies, Mr. Bennett inquired if Mr. Clay desired now to see one of the Herald fast presses in operation. “ Yes, sir, and we will wait ugon you now. I have a desire to see the machinery by which so much mischief and destruction is effected among us politicians; perhaps we may tind out some plan to resist it’? Conducted by Mr. Bennett, the party began to descend, when Mr. Clay exclaimed jo- cosely, “ Ab, this isan underground conspiracy—there is some design here upon Mr. Benson and myself? Arrived at the first floor below the level of the street, Mr. Bennett began to descend another flight of steps. when Mr. Clay, in a tone of alarm, ioquired, “ Still down? Ah! yes, we shall find out, Mr. Benson, the laboratory of the subterrancans, sure enough!” On reaching the press-room, Mr. Clay exclaimed, “ This is where you forge your thunder-bolts, Mr. Bennett.— (Laughter.) ‘This is the region of Pluto.” The honorable gentleman and his friend were then showa the two immense presses upon which the Herald is worked off, to meet the demands of its world- wide circulation. While waiting for the presemen to arrange the forms upon the cylinder of one of these presses, for the illustration of its speed and capacity, some further conversation occurred, in inquiries and explanations of the machinery. Mr. CLav—Well, now, Mr. Bennett, will you tell ug something about these prodigious engines? Were they manufactured in this city—what did they costs ‘and what can they do? Mr, Bexnert—They were invented and constructed by Robert M. Hoe & Co., of this city. The cost of these two was twenty-five thousand dollars. Mr. Hoe has re- cently been in Paris, avd made one of the same patent for the proprietors of Le Patric, of Paris, as superior to anything to be procured in France or England, Mr. Crsy—Has the London Times one of them? Mr. Bexnert—No, sir; they have @ press of their own, of a different construction from this, Here, you will observe, the forms revolve upon a cylinder.covering As it is, every letter which | one-fourth of its circumference, ad that with each re- volution, four copies are printed, and are put in and thrown out, two at each end, which requires four men at eech end to attend to the wants of the machine; for you will see that it is fed and discharges itself on both sides. Mr. Crav—What force have you, sir, upon this paper? Mr. Eexsetr—About one hundred men. We have rome forty carriers employed in the city besides. Out of the city, aud scattered over the world, we have nu- merous writers and correspondents, all of whom have to be paid from the receipts of the office. Mr. CLay—Well, you eertainly can’t afford to pay them very liberally, though your paper circulates everywhere. Mr Bexnetr—We pay them what is admitted a fair compensation. For instance, our Paris correspon- dence, im 1548, cost over @ thousand dollars. Besides this, Mr. Clay, our telegraphic expenses average some two hundred dollars per week. During the sittings of Congrens they are much greater, We bave sometimes paid two hundred dollars for a single speech, Mr. Cray—I can’t o all, how that pays,or what difference there is between reading a speech to-day or to morrow, As comprehend it,a speech isan inflic- tion at any time, A Voiwe—Present company always excepted. (Ha! ba!) Mr. Ciay—What subterrancan voice is that? ‘The foreman having everything in readiness, the press was cet im motion, and Mr. Clay was placed upon the raised plettorm bebind it, to see its mode of doing Duriness, Having satisfied himself of its astonishing capacity, Mr. Clay was reconducted to the upper world, expretsing himself highly pleased and edided with his | visit, ‘The writer of this notice not hi seen Mr. Clay tince bis visit to sojourn in Washington, in the rpring of 48, is gratified to bear witness to the general | impression, that, in spirits, health, and activity, be | seems not only to held his own, but appears to bave wonderfully improved since that time. Several years deyond King Da limit of three score years and t and after a lifetime of the most distinguished and eventful labors in the public service, thore ts not, per haps, at this period, a more vigorous man of his aye, to all outward wppearanees, than Henry Clay, Ho re- turns to the Senate of tho United States, to find, ox- copting Messrs, Calhoun, Benton, and Webster, en alimort total change in the body, since the delivery of | bis farewell addce.s, a few years ago. His return will | be welcomed by all parties, for the imperative necessity of another compromise demands the weight of his in- telligence and eagacity, We shall look to Mr. Clay to Delp the country and Old Zack out of their present | difioulties, He will remain yet » few days tu the city, | but he desires come repoce, and it is to be hoped that his iriends will permit it. After seeing the Herald presses, Me. Clay visited the xchange; and baving made come visit rele, than the loud temult aad excite. ment of popular appla ed, for yesterday the movements of the great Henry Clay ‘We understand that this eveni: at 10 o'clock, the “Clay boys’? intend to cerenade tleman, at the place of his sojoura, in Warren street, Tar PLaiwrreny Financrers—A New Sercucas | t1on.— Much has been said of lete in the city press, | on the subject of the decrease of the value of the pereonal property of this city; and it is accounted | for by the removal of a large amount to the coun- try residences of our citizens up the river, up the | Sound, over in Jersey, and dowa the bay. The | advantages of this system of avoiding the expenses of a residence in the city, appear to have suggested 1o Plainfield and Jacksonville financiers a new | field of speculation, end they are in for a venture. | They have bovght up a tract of two hundred acres | of land, more or less, forty miles out on the Long Island Railroad, and probably et a cost of some wo or three dollars an acre, which they propose to re- | tail at $25 per acre, for the benefit of the working classes of New York. Now, we wish it tobe d tinetly understood that there is no echeme of spe- culation im this: and 1f four or five thonsand dol- ars are pocketed from the working people, it will be to their advantage. The Plainfield bills were no great advantage to the working classes; and it was their misfortane that they did not look out for a | ewindle before it was too late. Strange fellows, i thus add a reduction of receipts to an | these Plainfield financiers. From Beamrna.—By the arrival of the clipper brig Feleon, from Bermuda, we are under obliga. tions to Capt. Pitt for files of papers to the 1th instant, inclusive. ‘They contain no news. Marine Affairs. Breasenie Bupora.—Jensey Orry Prany,—The stew. ard and seven of the crew of the steamship Fadora, recently wreeked off Ludiam’s Beach, Cape May, ar- rived at Jersey City, in a rehooner, on Tuesday last From them we learn that about sixty men were en- geged in dicoharging her cargo 4 it on the beach, @ large amount of which has been saved in a damaged stato, There is ne hope of saving her hull ‘The echooner having reached Jersey City. the steward and crew being without money. and destrous of reach- ing thi were three times inhumanly refused a parenge in the ferry boat from that city, though the ferry toaster was informed of their condition, and was shown & letier directed to. house in Wail street. On a crowd gathering, he became ashamed of his conduct. and allowed them to pate. Such an act. on tho part of the ferry master. tovards shipwrecRed mariaers, will meet with universal condemoation. | day, The trial is necessotily protrec' | cluded at the rising of the court TELEGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE More Indian Troubles anticipated tn Flo= rida, Battimore, November 22—9 P. M. The Southern mail, to night, has brought us New Orleans papers of the 15th, which contain late advices from Tampa Bay. They represent that the Indians had refused to leave the country, and thet Gen. Twiggs was preparing to hunt them out with all possible despatch. A Witness in the Drury Case. Bosron, Nov. 22, 1849. An attempt was mado to-day, by Mr. Warner, of New York, to bail Margaret O'Connor, Bristol woman, on the ground that her evidence is want Drury’s trial. The Court reduced the bail to $1,000, but refused to take Mr. Warner, Loulslana Election. New Orueans, November 21, 1849. The majority fer Walker, for Governor, is not far short of 1,000, Appointment of Charge to Naples, ‘Wasninaton, Nov, 22—A. M, It is announced that Mr. James M. Power, of Penn- sylvania, has received the appointment of U. $. Charge | to Naples, vice Thomas W. Chian, resigned. Markets. New Oncrans, November The cotton market contivnes hi previously noticed, though factors ascept any lower prices. Yesterday, about 2, anged hands, including middling, at le, and good e do. at 10%fc. Bavtimone, Nov, 22-12 M. There is no change to notice in the market for any description of produce. Operators are hoidiug off for the steamer. Bartimonnr, November 22-6 P.M. The demand for flour is but moderate, aud the sales do not exeved 700 barrels, principally Howard street, at $4 94. Grain and provisions remain without change. Tobacco firm, and in fair request. Bureato, Nov. 22—6 P. M. ‘The following are the receipts of produce since yes- terday :—Flour, 10,000 barrels; wheat, 40,000 bashels; corn, none, Flour was in moderate demand, and the market a shade in favor of the buyers Sales were made of 2,000 barrels of Michigan, at $418 to $4 31. "The market for wheat was firm, with a good inquiry for milling; 5.000 bushels rold at 85e. for Ohio. Corn was without change; mixed Western was nominal, at 46c, In freights, flour was taken at 650 Axuavy, Now 22, 1849, The following are the receipts of produce since y: terday :—Flour, 10.000 barrels; wheat, 90CO buthels; corn, 12,000 bushels; barley. "700 bushels. im flour there was a goo business doing, with sales of 8,000 ba: including common State aad mixed Western, at $4 621; to $4 75; straight State and Western at $475 to $487; and pure Genesee at $506), Wheat was firm, with a good inquiry for milling, and sales of 5.000 bushels Genesee at $1 19 to $120 Rye—2.000 bushels sold at 57e. Of barley 15.000 bushels sold at 59e, for two rowed, and 59};c. for four rowed. Shipping Jnteitigence, New On Arrived—Ship John N Henry, Philade! phi Nov ld. Atrived=Bark Caroline, NYork; brig Win Dugia, G rrived= Bark Caroline, NYork; bri " sehr Geo 6 Gil'bs, do. . amen Portiann, Nov 2. Cleared—Barks Ranger, and Mary Lowell, Matanzas; brig Plate, San Francisco. Sanem, Nov 21 Cleared—-Bark Espelet, California; brig Jacob Story, C. enne, New Beoronn, Nov2l. Arrived—-Sehrs Ellen Rodman, and Notus, NYork; sloop Victory, Albany. Bailod—Ship Arab, Indian Ocean. Provinexce, Nov 21. Arrived—Schr Oxford. Baltimore, v NBeaford; sloope Lady Washington, Albany; Achorn, Hai t, Radiant, and Jd Lappheer, N York. Sailed~Bark Khoades, San Francisco; brig Casilda, NOr- leans; solr Mary Eddy, Matanzas. Baussror, Nov 21. ‘Sloop Harriet, NYork. ‘2Wth—Sloops Gazelle, and Arion, NYork. sron, Nov 22, 1869, eur 13th ultimo, Bo: Arrived, ehip Chicora, Cronstait. 7th, Bill’s | Experienced a severe gale on the 2th, during which shipped a sea, which stove main and monkey rail wept off house, long boat, ¢: I aeks, Ro. Sehr T P Perkins, Richmond, via Salem. bi ¢ Patten, Apalaehi barks Sarah B N ns: Eagle Phila ‘ort nu Prince; Irvitg, N ri ricksburg: Ocean Q Al liza. Merrithow, and Philadelphia; Kekoea, Frankfort, to lod for Shakespeare, Cala: sobre Mary Bliza Aux ayes; Rapid, Richmond for Frank/ort, to load tor Pensagola. MISCRI LANROUS. Bostow, Nov 22, 1849, ‘Tho new ship Narragansett, from Warren’ for Providence, in tow of steamer Masaasoit, yesterday morning, one mile be= Jow Connectient Point, not having sufficient sail, capsized, and fa going mbont, carrying away her pe ai sage to the boat is about $100. The ship I er Doaw ends, full of water, in abut five fathoms. A brig and sloop along side of her, ‘Sho will be towed into shoal water to-day, where she will be righted. ano fruit veesel ashore near Plymouth, as reported morning Sporting Intelligence, Counse, L. I Cen rarer damaging the wheel house, | | ada | party now in power, COMMERCIAL AFFAIRS. MONKY MARKE®. Thursday, Nov, 22—6 P.M. Stock speculators of Wall street have very little te do- now-a-days. The operations are confined to the bulls and bears, and the outsiders who are fortunate enough not.to be holders, look on with the most perfeet indif- ference. Outsiders who are holders of the fancies sym- pathize with the bulls, and are exceedingly anxious that they should vaoquieh their oppoftents. At the first board, to-day, Farmers’ Loan fell of 3¢ percent; Erie Railroad, }¢; Reading Railroad, 14; Erie 7s, new,, 34, At the second board, the transactions were toa | limited extent, at prices currentin the morning. The , market closed heavy. ‘The receipts of our railroads will not be so large this month as last, and not near co large as anticipated, ‘The earnings of the Erie road will not vary much froma $80,000. The Harlem road will carn considerably less. than $40,000, and the Lowg island will not vary materially from last month It iv admitted by the or- gan of the Erie Railroad Compavy, that more than $10,000 0f the Income of that road for October was from freight on its own railroad iron. We stated that. fact at the time, The Harien Company have already reduced thé fare on that road, to enable them to com- pete better with the Hudson River road; but the redue» . tion made thus far is nothing. compared with what ~ will have to be ma ‘the Hadson River company charge one cent per mile, and the Harlem company twoy andthe speed en the former iy about double that of the latter, Jt is very cay to tell what will be the re- sult of # contest carried on upoa such unequal terms, ‘The Hudson River read is. without exception, the best managed road in the United States—everything moves. like cloek-work. In the report of the New York and New Haven Rall- rood Company, presented et the late mecting of stock- holders, aud accepted, it is stated that the building im Canal street, known as the National Hall, had boen pur- chased by the company, at cost of $25,607 80, on which a mortgage of $12,600 existed. making the payment by the company in cash $15 067 89. ‘The inference drawn | from this statement in the property account is, that the company had become the sole proprietors of that property, whereas they have only purchased the baild- ing and leased the lots on which it stands, The land belongs to Wm, vay, to whom the company pays an an- nual rent, ‘The organs of the adiujnistration have just made the discovery, that there will be, at the close of the present flecal year, a deficiency in the finanees of the govern- ment. We made that discovery more than three months since, and what is more, we showed that there was a deficiency in the ordiuucy revenue at the close of the last fiscal year— that ending June 30, 1849—of more than eight and a balf miilions of dollars, as will be seen by the awnexed extract from the Herald, of the 22d of August last. Government securities have been inactive fot some time past, in consequence ef the European demand having fomewhat sub-ided. The probability of there soon being a deficieucy in ti large te make aaother loan necessary, bad a tendency to depress the ‘ket pric stroy ail disposition to make mts. For the purpore of showrng how the ordini penditures of tho treasury compa: ast year, We aonex a statement of the iter mary in- ‘and expentes for each of the (uarters of the past ® AND Exrenpiteres, Srates Tarasuny—Rev Revenu Lands. Miscellaneous. Tolal. 471,000 101,000 9,581.01 Tou ake 6,187 441 3,280,219 33,264,722 Total. tol by 82 107.8 Bed 3 17 223 7,217,807 93/390 2,181,250 63/500 It appears by this, that there was a ding June 30, 1849, of $8,629, d the Mexican indemnity paid the last quarter, the deficiency would have been $12,020,112. Of thie deficiency, $9 677,231 were paid Mexico, leaving an actual deficiency in the revenue from ordinary sour: 3 oe expenditures, for the year, ef Here is « foreshadowing of the future, of what wear® to expect from the financial skill of the Treasury de- partment—of the extravagant policy pursued by the When Mr. Walker left the office of Secretary of the Treasury, he left a legacy to his succes: or,in the shape of unsettled accounts, which was sure to embarrass the new administration, and bring upon it the odium of making new loans ia the time of ‘Trotrixc.—Tnwnsvay, | peace, Such were our predictions long before the close Noy. 22—A match for $1,000, mile heats, best three in | of the Polk administrotion, and we now find, in lese ju harness, between Mr. Johnron’s bay colt and | than six months after the present administration came the rorrel colt Reindecr, came off over the above track, | into power, they are verifed. The deficiency on the the details of which, for want of room, defer till another dey. The following i James Whelpley entered s c Reindeer, 2 2 2 1 1) Fk. Jobneon entered b. 0. —— . 11222 Time, 2:44—2:2 2:44 - 247-247 4. BY TELEGRAPH. Boston, November 22, 1849. The race between Lady Suffolk and Trustee, two mil straight beats, Time, 5:57-5:45. Track heavy, Trosice cast a shoe in the first mile, Tin New Yous hole oMeial returns from thie State bave been received, The vote of the State was 411 248, of which the highest democrat, Da- rius Clark, received 204,017, and the highest whig Washington Hunt, received 205,447, showing « whig mojority between the highest votes of 600, and of the highest whig over the lowest democrat of 6,001. The Highest demoezat over the lowest whig, Joshua A. Spencer, was 8035, showing a majority on the popular | Ordinary expenditures... .. vote of 2094 in fayor of the democrats. Of the votes cast in Tioge county, 1,623 for Henry Welch, invtead of Benjamin Welch, jr, Supreme Court—Cireatt Court. Before Jadge Havibat. Nov, 22—Nichiern vs. Nichtern.—The cross cause husband against wife, in this case of application for di- voree, on the grounds of adultery, w n nation of the witnesses being con medium of @ German interpreter, and had not con- Court Celendar—This Day. os. 82, 51, 67, 662, $4, 88, 609, 87, of, 04, 99, 100, Nos. 61, 89, 65, 91, 97, 99, 113, 115, 117, 119. Part 2—Nos. 1/8; 160, 182,88, 198, To the Pablic.—Nov. 21, 1849.—To the 1h nin several of the pub= be written by L. Gaylord hs he 663, —If you have resotved to do. neglect to secure one 1, oF Fur Coats, answering admis bly the parpose of the woollen blnaket, to whieh they are mueh superior, being perfectly impoor they will be found & most useful and California, Price very low, © Matver, 128 Fulton street, can beteen. by Dy en: a from 4 ai by & ch ic of oh be will cell very low. a. be National Daguerrean Gallery, nm outany dificnity, when y You will find many of them there. If you want a good Peddie, No 2Joun strest, corner of Broadway, up of h Goid Pen, cali on 4 peetfally invited Deess Combs at the sab Sher pate ‘very attiote UNDERS rand White sereets, Wine ca. The public are inzited to inapect. ie new atylo, for setory, No. 4 assortment in ELOR'S celebrate s the largest and Jed to street, where Pecimens 8, C, McIntyre Respectfalty invites Public | od velorem. in to his new Miniature Doguerrese Gallery, No. Broadway. are obliged to | 20th of June last, summary :— | }j:bed on the 22d of August, was eight and a half mil- ate, in harnoss, was won by Lady Suffolk, in two | according to the statement we pub lions of dollars, This was independent of extraordinary revenue and expenditures, such as instalments due on loans and sums due on account of the Mexican in- dempity; but as there items about off-set each other the result remains the rame. For the purpose of show | ing the condition of the treasury, at the close of the quarter ending September South, 1849, we annex returne Jor that quarter, of revenue and expenditures, in con- with those for the year ending June 30th, TatE® Financns—O1 Pen vite ue, from or any Revenue ano Ex« $28,264 722 41784 884 “peoaona gd Aggregate ordivary Deficiency, June 20, 1849. Revenue from ordinary sources quarter ending Sept. 0 1849. . $11 905.000 + 8,008,009 = 8,926,991 Defeiency Sept. 90, 1840. .... cee oof 608,191 it must be borne in mind, in ¢: ining this table, that th») urplus of revenue over expenditures for the quar- ter ending Sept. 90, 1849, was produced by an extra- ordinary and eno: mous income from customs for that | quarter, and that the reveaue from customs for the | quarters ending December Sist, 1449, ond Mareh Sist, 1860, will be comparatively small, while the expendi- tures will be comparatively large. Our faanclal af- faire, connected with the Mexican war, the Mextoan in- demnity and the Mexican claims, are in the greatest contusion, and it willbe «long time before we shall find out what the actual aggregate cost of that war and all its contingencies will be. It has already ex- ceeded the caloulations of all parties, and there are stacks of claims unsettled. It is already pretty satis. factorily cettled that at the close of the present fiscal year, the deficiency will amount to abo: millions of dollars, and @pplication the Congress about eonvening for the passage of an ect, lther authorising a new loan large eaough to | meet all present and pro:peetive deticienctes, or an i.oue of treasury notes for the amount required. The revenue for customs for the past two years has been immense—iarger than in any previous year, with one exception—1836; Im the face of which, we fad a | Ie deficierey, and the existence of immense loans. | For the quarter ending September 90, 1849, the revenue ustoms amounted to $11 450,000, being about two the corresponding quarter io 1849 At this rate, the ro. Jue 1.0m custome for the prereat fircal year should be At least $55,000,000; notwithstanding whicb the orzans of (be administration admit that there will bea de- fictenoy, at the close of the next fiseal yenr, of fiteen to twenty millions of dollars. It seems that the greater the revenve of the goverament, the greater the expen- diture; that ample resources beget extravags: The present administration has either squandered immense io allowing claims repudiated by Mr old administration made wrong cal- anu underestimated the expenses of the campaign and its contingencies. it is our impression that both parties will come in for a share of the finan- cial blunders, but the prevent administration have the task of working out of the difficulties sarrounding it. There are two ways of doing this, and only two—one io. the reduction of expenditures - retrenchment and re- form in every department of the government. This i the first aod most important move to make, in restor- ing the treaeury to @ proper eo the increase of ineome by tariff as will Mneure adie This cannot be accomplished by any facrease in the average rate of duty, as it bas not only been clearly and Ratiefactorily demonstrated that low duties yield the greatest revenne, but that the tariff act of 1846 has produced a greater average income from custome, singe it has been in operation, than any previous tariff #ith- in the history of the country, Still there is room for improvement, There are defects ia the tariif of 1846, culations warded in tavor of | but they will not be removed by any increase in the aver- age rate of duty. Certain modifications are mecesanty, cach as the enforerment of specific duties, in place of vertain cases where «greater revenue would be devived without any actual Increase fa the per cent duty, and those that are required, to insure