The New York Herald Newspaper, July 30, 1849, Page 1

a NO. 6532. VERY LATE FROM MEXICO. ARRIVAL or THE STEAMSHIP GREAT WESTERN, AT MOBILE. HIGHLY INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE. Message of President Herrera. INTERNAL CONDITION OF THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC, The old favorite steamship Great Western, Capt. ‘Wolfe, arrived at Mobile on the 20th instant, trom ‘Vera Cruz, whence she sailed oa the 16th inst. Our special despatches from Mazatian, and the city of Mexico, with advices from San Francisco, Cali- fornia, of the 20:h of June, and the city of Mexi- co of the Mth of July, reached Vera Cruz on the 16th, and come to us by the Great Western to Mo, bile, thence by mail to this city. The news from California is of the same date as that brought by the Crescent City, but we give it in another coldmn, because we deem it of striking interest. The intelligence from the city of Mexico, 1# one month later than our previous advices. Our cor. respondence embraces all the news, to the latest ‘moment. The Great Western brought twenty-five passen, gers. Annexed are their numes:— Messrs. Dillon, Palacio, Bissell, Syfret, Day, the Mar- of Kodeport. Messrs Burias, Falconet, Rose, Ru- slog, Clairvas, Gulyon. Zages, Zelgla, West, Lisos, Sebults, Hapkel, Castro. Vonte, Kautz, Pons, Mix, Green, Lindsay, Busing, Syfrot. She has also brougpt $20,000 in specie for New Orleans, and has $1,250,000 on beard for England. The schooner Belle Francisco, was to sail frem Vera Cruz on the 18th inst. for New York. The bark Brazillero arrived there on the 16th, from New York. Our Mexican Correspon Crty oy Mexico, June 8, 1849, The Prospect of a Revolution—Ant-American Feeling— Arvrival of Mr. Iturbide from Washington, with Impor- tant Despatches— Offer from the American and French Government—The Mexican and American Press on Yucatan Affairs— Opinion of the Mexicans Relative to the Americans, §4., §c. ‘This beautiful country, the Paradise, par excellence, on earth, has been, since the termination of the war, inastate of extraordinary anomaly: there has been ‘no revolution (with the exception of what Mexicans call the Revolution of Sierra Madre, which, by-the-by, 1s nearly if not entirely quelled) ; there have been a few, very few pronunciamen with one word, there has been a comparative tranquillity such as it has very rarely enjoyed since the separation from Spain, But, if one locks narrowly at the present political complexion of Mexico, it is clearly visible, to even a su- perficial observer, that this calm is only apparent—s mere lull after @ tempert—the precursor of another peal of thunder and lightning—a short intermission between the acts of a comico-tragedy ; and I doubt whether there could be tound one single Mexican who would not accept a bet to any amount, nay, give even strong odds, that she will soon return toa normal state that of a quiet and comtortable little revolution. ‘There exists in the United States a wrong impression, although not quite universally diffused ; that is, that. the tranquillity of Mexico, since the war, is to be at- tributed to the American campaign, or rather to the Americans themselves Far from it; the war hasen tirely paralyzed the internal financial resources, 60 tha’ it is only the American indemaity, exieans are in the habit of calling the California purchase money, that keeps government afloat, although it affects a certain ludicrous generosity by offering to devote @ part of it to satiefy the claims of the foreign (English) creditors, ‘This indemnity will probably sooner be exhausted than the mines, whatever bad opinion Mexicans bave of ‘them ; and what will be the consequence? What is the consequence in any country,without the sinus belli, and pacis lik: ? Disorderand imminent revolution, And does there exist any innocent person who would not immediately say :—“ There must be a revolution in Mexico, too, preceded by ® baker's dozen of pronuncia- mentos”! Verily, it strongly appears as if govern it pays, or offers to pay, at the present moment, the fo- reign debt, for no other purpose than to gratify the wishes of the patriotas, each and all of whom shout— “ A kingdom for a revolution!" During the war, it was @ standing paragraph in Ame rican papers, that the Mexicuns will now havoa fair op- portunity of getting acquainted with the epirit of terprise, the perseverence and hardihood of the Amori- can character ; that they will be able to draw there- from their own inferences of the excellency of our in, stitutions, which cannot but materially contribute tom closer intimacy between the two people, even if the Mexican government should. from various reasons easily to be guessed, keep aloof. As much asi can seo for my- self, learn from many Mexican gentl of high standing and intelligence, the début of the Americans ‘in the citics, especially im the capital, was a failure. 1 have never eon ® more decided antipathy more clearly exprerred.than that which the town's people feel towards the Americans. If | am correctly informed. the prinei- pal reason of it is to be found in the off id manners of the Americans, which could not but jar with th d_ politeness ceremonial of the Mexican | Our soldiers appeared, moreover, strack novelty of the voluptuous style of Mexican | femalo beauty, and tried rather unceremoniously to | Deeome better acquainted with it To lose battles, coan- nd military glory was pretty bard, but te lose too, this was rather too much — flenee the try, ms thelr gir same hatred, which difference of political system and o . bas eppored as an insurmountable barrier be- ‘tween France and England, separates the Mexican from the American. uggested as it is from the total absence ¢ with the country peo- je; | have travelled on borse-back from Vera (rua to ‘uebla. stopping at nearly every rancho. They gi the Americans the best character, who have behaved well and spread much money throughout. the impres- sion they made is 0 favorable, that the whole State of | ‘Vera Crue with the exception of the city iterlf, is quite in favor of son the more so, aa the o1 monopoly of tol anda of govern would then cease, which is of the highest to the State, whose principle staple its cultivatare manufacture form ‘bere t¢ no dvabt that aam ‘tion will soon be a matter of agitation aod, hore Deneficial the end may be. it wili form a source of ind nite internal trouble and disorder, as the opposition it | will meet from the cities aod the other States, through | which the army has not wd and which look upon | he Americans # barbarians and beretios, will be tre | metdvur ‘ou see, that both the good and bed impressions | the Americans hate made here, will rather contribute | to the fomentation of the revelutionary spirit than otherwise, sod | am rather afr that the conse- quences both to the States themsvives. considering the expense aod lives lost and sexico will be anytniog Dut favorable, We cannot even fatter ourselves that the bravery of our gatlant aray has inspired the Mex- Jeans with some Fort of respect ms | hear it universally wed that the ruccess of the war ix merely to be ributed to the treachery of San’ Aom, aad the tactics of the ring the war to a speedy teri f th honor ef the country. to use it as pplng « power, nor do { believe both assertions to be entirely groundless 1 will gite you an example of the anti-American epirit thee reigne here :— «few days ago arrived here Mr. Iturbide son of the late emperor. at present the etary of the sexes legation ia accomplished & Washington, The arrival of thie gentiowan, who was &vown to bring important di-patebos from’ M. de ia ¥ set all the quid nunes agg. ured that the despare a refer . ean protocol, shich vr Kenton three ike @ rocket Detween the lege of the adimiute tation as an effect to the court martial before which bis iniaw kad Intely figured No 1 the Globo. the organ of the ecatrbme gauche, giving the alarm with all the strength of ite lunge. itis owing to (he eending of 4000 Ameri: caps on the Tie Brave wad ances It asm mot tated attack on the \ extern nat No the Sigis, the motrrads paper. Che Ate oF & military toe te nts ngainet the dewredatt " Chimes in tie Mow “t » government. Me ftavbide ore J an vile from the Washington gowrrwu owl ty that of Nese the equipment of our regulack, #h Be provided for on a bew mud eniirely dfecent a. Now thi afer may have been haiet with the greatest possible ry remarkable coincide: ing it to you to draw your own infer- eretvom. the French governinent has offered, through Mr, Levasseur aud its chargé d'affaires. to precure tile Mexican army ® complete oquipment, (identical with that used by the flower of the grande cimée), at cost price, by charging only the expenses of transport, paching. ec Here comes the “tug of war’? France, ber government and gized by the whoiw press, with @ warmth that strongly contrasts with the trigid reception of the American courtesy Another specimen of anti-American feeling, is pro- sented by the remarks made by the Globo. and repeated by the Moniior, on Yucatan adaira, Cuese remarks are suggested by two articles (published by the Deka amd ver) which contain # statement on Yueataa afluirs, made by several American officers, “which ad- Venturers,” says the Glow. “who only triumphed in Mexico, because they have never been fought with energy and decision, have now recourse to snaiefal calumpy, ass palliation for their cowardice” I send you the whole article, bat cannot forego to translate you the introduction, but | wdvise you to give the whole of it, as it will repay a perucal, “The articles, which we transl and Advertiser, will twll, i who labor under the fu tare which I merely 9 to-day from the Delt undeceive many of our fellow~ iilusion that they might expeot » bared on the astonishing Happiness which pihropival neighbors enjoy. Thoy will tend to show e bypoeriey aud bad faith of the Angie-Sexons. WW e remarks, that our tellow-citizens, and the whi ht jucge of the crooked policy of our North Ameri enemies, The © fellow-citizens,” and the “whole world,’ trongly reminds one of Dr, Dulcamar’s specific ia the “ bibar of Love,’ “whieh is known im the whole uni- verse, und every where else.” There is no doubt, that the close vicinity of the two countries. must bring them into close contact, and as wueb as | can see, there will grow out of it. either aa everiasting bond of friendship, or a collision, Timo only cap bring about the former, but a shght accident may cause the last. Phe best policy of the Uoited States, at the present moment, isa perfect abstinence of meddling with Mexican affeil perfect good, great moderation, nay even iudulgence, whenever they aro culled toray & word or two. Cassian priuciples of an- nexation d tout priz—a favorite theae with many of | our ultra-radieal sehool—must be earefally avoided, and the sentiments of Hemry Clay, as expressed on the Texas question, ought te be taken 4s the stand- | ard rule, else Mexico would be eompelled to throw herself into the bauds of the monarebists—who por- bape are more wumerous and powerful than may b supposed, or forma league with the other South Ame can St ready now begin te be afraid of enercacbments of the Northern heretics) and fight a war of extermination, with religion, race, and inde- pendence on their banner. Lefore conoluding this letter, I beg to voluntoor another advice, which you will porbaps think worthy of some slight remarks Ihave already toid you, that the country people be- tween Vera Cras, Orizabs, and Puebla, speak highly favorable of the Americans, ‘They generally concluded their encominms, by observing, tat not all mericans were heretics, but that there were many buenos Catholicos among them Would yeu not think it good policy, om the part of General Taylor, who certainly is competent authority, to send only catholio political agents, ambassadors, and charges, not only to Mexico, but to Central America, and the other South Amerien empires? and thus Prove to these countries, that religisus equality is not @ mere dead phrase in our constitution, but a dearly arned living privilege Or can there not be found holies who can uphold the hon: F of their country as well as protestants? FERDINAND CORTEZ. Crvv or Mexico, 9th of July, 1849. . Press— Coalition to Overthrow the Moderados— Elections, §e. $e. etter, [ stated te you that there was little pect of @ continuance of the tranguillity that Mex- bas enjoyed since the termination of the war. I now enter into @ closer examination ef the state of ical parties in this country, and the metamorpho- they have lately undergone. ‘The first party, and numerically stronger than each of the others separately, is the moderado, which, at pro- sent, is at the head of government. The moderadoe have been in power for more than year anda half, and, although they leave still much undone, it cannot be demied that they have given to the country the strengest government it has had for many y Thanks to the energy and moderation which charac. terise its political system, attempts at disorder have been quickly suppressed, which 1s the more to be wondered at, as the whole army is in favor of Santa Anva. Successful measures have been taken to stop Indian outrages, and if Yucatan is still suffering uuder that scourge, it is to be attributed to the mass of Indian natives far outnumbering th Political Poy my the great distance which presents so many difficulties to the transportation of troops Healtky reforms are going on throughout the country, under the immediate atropage of the central geverninent, whose better will $ yet parelyred from the financial penury. The duties bave been lowered; the mail regulations have been im- roved, 48, for iustance, on the important route to Rroreita; and strong attempts are being made to do jus tice to foreign creditors, which, if they do show the partial inability of gover at least. its good faith and willioguer visible head ff President Herrera; its mpporters form the majority of the commercial and industrial classes, somewhat like the bourgeosie of Louts thilippe ; its @r- gank are the Siglo (oficial) and the Monitor, which em- phatically denies the charge of receiving & moathiy subvention of five thourand dollars = Both possess able entlemanly editors; be, of the ay, is in bis office. and ta the o prebably at a short distaoce from the corcel (prison), to whieh the attoracy general has sent him pressing invitation, owing to the hasty republical of some tianderous article, which first appeared in rovinelal paper. His editorial chair ix. in the mean- ne, Mra. Torres, bis wite. as amiabl editor in petticoats as you ever saw in your life, ‘The second party is the muparchical, 80 galled jg it does not openly avow its disgust at the Fe; tienary, It speaks through the Universal, by the “ aristecrate.”? ‘The third, is the party of Santa Anna with the mot- to, “principles, pot « mam with two legs, but aman with one leg? Itis composed of military m id rporting characters As the whole army —who a prevent. compelled to enjoy olium cum indignate the man, to a man, th ‘tropgest party and ingeniously wields the pen," mightier than th as Richelieu says ‘Tbe fourth, and fortunately Jast. is the good an joily radieal party— the eulightemed dvaceracy; which finds fault with everything that proposed by it, aud still greater fi ts politionl opponents ; Chat prew the greatest poosble intolerance. aad generally dies of jaundice. Its rank and file are composed of what the working democracy jution, by every body at thi any Atierican baby—barnuin's gisut baby inel it could be had for love or mon: y, and tender, but, notwithstaading, as amiable as any | know of, At the present moment, the Globo is the “tor took the whole town by surprire, by inseribi other day, on its banner, the philautrieal wor “Union "Do you belie or that it offe lier says? N peace, to be signed and eal of ehampacne frappe by the three parties out of power againet the one revelling in the fleshpota of Egypt — With one word, the Union is nothing more nor less than a coalition of the monarchists, Saute Annaists aod ra- dicals, against the moderades, Union manstrusa.” cried the siglo and Monitor, wich » cootemptuous b ; n petriotica "' retorted the three bags of Macbet! wit abolical ence, and each published every mor ing an equally long list of unionist and “opinions ot the press.” when. lo! t Tight to the Gioto and suggested to the Siglo mirable lenders, on the apathy shown by tl in going to the polis ‘tive gravity ot ciroumstances hardly justify my ban- tering style. for it is clearly perceptible that the coall- tion will materially shorten the tevury of life of the mederodes, abd without siding with one or other party, 1 do not but fear that any chauge of government w! throw Mexico on her beam ends for many month: FERDINAND CORTEZ. Orty or Mexico, July 10, 1840, Opening of the Chambers—Message of the President, Herrera Congress opened on the Ist of July, and the session will be @ very busy one, ae matters of the highest im- portance will be browght forward, The speech of the President was received with approbation, and is a high. ly interesting document, which will be attentively read and commented upon. Its principal features are :— nd its two editors are nd J 1. It holds out @ hope (a fal-e one according to the cpposition) that the reven he expenses ‘The reducti n of 40 peret on duties to be paid at che port and frontier custom bouser has ivereaed the revenue, in spite of several unfavorable crream=tances, He eu. Jogizes the ryetem of iow duties aud states the net revenne, received in the ports and frontiers, to be $5. m Ist of July. 1845, till May 81, '49 (eleven eexpence of the army will at the fartheat. not exoved that of Inst year ned may, perhaps be redne: Swinriee will be tedvced, and many costly ofitees »bolished 3 It estimates the probable expenses at $8,000,000, ia whieh the th onthe public debt ia nos inoinded it fe still iy poesersion of tne todernity pald last vay 4 Kecommends differential duties on forciga ve fcis, WO imerense tho importance of the natioual mee. delight by tho Mexican army, which looks as if it not ouly wanted clothing, but boarding and washing too; but it is certain that this expianation, although it al- layed public suspicion, was only coldly received by exery body, and met with very little If amy acknow- jedginent, wr. Levasseur are eulo- | charges between Mexican and foreign vessels of those nations with whom no treaty of reciprocity has been entered into, 5. Although the public external and internal debt has been reduced by $65,000,000, it still will be $100,000.- 060. and. perhaps, more; but. as a notable part of it ' does not bear any interest. the country has not to fear any embarrassment. as the interest to be paid will uot exceed one-third of the revenue, another creditor will submit to another reduction. 6. It especially recommends those creditors whose property has been violently seized or voluntarily given up to defray the expenses of the war. 7, It devotes a paragraph to foreign relations, which are sutisfactory, Several States have recommended treaties to be entered into with our northern and | southern neighbors. Government will try to overcowe the difficuities which they present. 8. No census bas been made since 1839. From that made by several States, it calculates the increase of the population to be 25 per cent, which gives a miaimam of eightand a half millions for the whole coautry. 9. Encouragement ef emigration is strougly recom- mended. but of # kind to improve the race, so that the unhappy war of casts might cease. It hopos this important question will be studied by that part of the country which is opposed to it. 10, Harmony reigns between the Centra! Government and the States, although there exists some serious difficulties. The firstis, that several individual States Were not able to pay their part towards the suppert of thd Central Government. ‘The second, that they have not furnished their contingent of men, which has forced government to call out some regiments of the National Guard. It recommends the substitation of a direct tax on every eitizen for the contingent in money, and of the contingent of soldiers government should be authorised to enlist. chant navy. It dwells upon the entire equality of | 11. It ealis upon Congress to settle the pending ques- | of the tobacco trade, whether it iv to remain in the ds of government, or whether the monopoly is to be done away. 12, It treats of the definitive organization of the Na- tional Guard 13 It deplores that the amnesty conceded to the in- surgents of Sierra Leone has bad no favororablaresults, Anew revolt has broken out, which government will try to subdue, 14 1 urges the necostity of the organization of the territories, Lower California, especiliy, wants pecu- Liar laws, for reasons which wisdou wit! appreetate. FERDINAND COREEZ, Crrv oF Mexico, July 11, 1849." Financial Measures—Afiairs at Sierva Leone—Terrible News from Yucatan—Henri Herz—Madame Bishop— The Monpluisire—sAsior Place Opera—Native Artiste, e. $e., Fe. At w preparatary meeting, held by the Secretary of the Treasury and Financial Committee of the two ousee, several important resolutions have been agreed to. tion bh 1 give you the most important ones: — 1. The whole of the foreign and home debts do not to exceed 100 millions 2 The interest is fixed at 3 per cent the first tom years; #t 3}¢ per cent from the 1)th till the léth; at4 per cent trom the 16th to the 20th; at 4) pe: cent from the Zlst to the 26th; at 5 per cent from the 26th to the BOth; at 534 per cent from the Sst to the doth, and then always at © per cent. 3. Fight millions from the \merican indemnity may be applied towards settling claims of creditors, 4. ‘Phe reduction of 40 per cent on customs in the ports and frontiers is to crave The resident attributes the increase of revenue to that very same reduction, How is this? 6. Government bas to reduce ali expenses till they reach not more than eight million. 6. The public revenue may be let out by coutract to | one or several societies 7. The societies must place in the hands of gover ment $666,606 at the end of every month, and $3.00, | St the end of every year During the duration of the contract no new laws, changing the nature of the reve nue, can be made, i © Rio societies have the right of choosing their own employees. No foreigner (not naturalized) can belong to the ocietion. | 10. If no eontract can be made, a committee of public credit is to be Dominated, who will furnish to the go- vernment eight millions in monthly instalment’ 11, The excess of revenue (fixed at eigkt millions) is to be applied to the paying of the national debt. ‘The pronunciamento of Zamudio has had its day, All is quiet in that part of the country ‘The insurgents of Sierra Leone are entirely demora- lized. ‘They have lately met with disasters. A quick end of the rebellion may be relied upon. ‘The latert news (7th of July) are frightful. ‘The war of races is still raging with Uhe greatest possibly fury Colonel Pasos bas been defeated. and has retreated from ‘Titue to Saban, where he bas been again attacked by the Indians, and compictely routed. Herz is expected here to day. The artists of the city, about 60, have gous to meet him at a distance of eight miles ‘They have organized # diner and a sero- nade, to celebrate his arrival Madame Bishop is in trouble with the manager; she has offered $3. 000 for the use of the bare wails of the theatre But the director has entered into an eugage- ment with a first rate Spanish dramatic (roupe, which Plays five time ud | bardiy believe tuat Mad. Bishop will do # good businers, even if suo should « cred In coming to An understanding ‘The Monplaisirs bave written that they should like to come, but | doubt whether they will be able to get the theatre, as it 1s engaged till Raster Benedetti and Trufi are on the point of being en- paged te open a new opera house, whieh will by built t is expected to be ready im six months, Last week a concert was given by Messrs, Aguilar and Delgado Ax they intend visiting the United States. | give you rome account of them Mr. Aguila although of (omg extraction, is considered & mex can, owing to bis long residence in this country. He ism first rate pisuist, who will satisfy you, even after De Meyer and Hers. He possesses uncommon execu- tion, much taste, and his playing and compositions bear the stamp of a true artist Mr. Delgado is & Mexican mulatto, who shows an ex- ry talent on the violin. If itis taken into vor heard anybody nor re- not but be struck with ost diMoult com positions of Fag De Bortot, ‘end | am quite certain. that after a short stay in by rope, be will rank amongst the Ole Bulls and Siroriés of the day. Greeley and the abolitionists will bu mad with bim Alexsider, the magician, who is # great favorite with the Mexie ns, | for Lima. lie has made a fort) re. The proprietor of the Wild Man of the Woods, which you could see in New York for shilling, gave inst bight an exbibi atthe theatre, at $1 admission. The police pronounced it an imposition, seized the money and put the nondescript proprietor in prison. FERDINAND COR TEZ, Crry oF Mexico, July 10, 1840. Merico—The Public Debt—Separation of Sierra Madre, I gave you, in my fourth lette: account of the pre- paratory meeting of the financial committes, in which it was resolved to reduce the interest of the toreign debt te three per cent for the next ten years, and to increase it one- balf per cent each followin; years, till it reaches six per cent. This arrangement has not been adopted, but the whole matter has been sntisfae- torily settled between the Secretary of the Treasury and the Commissioner of the Euglish creditors, on the following system. The interest, which has been fixed at five per cent, since the last convention of 1846 till 1859, is reduced to 3h per eent. The creditors have to — ‘up with this ng the lors of fourteen millions © without bavi ht,” ae H ie tht a @od rather tors have as much chance of getting nothing at all, as © per cemt, As a compensation for the loss of foarteen millions, the official paper rays — Jet, Government offers 45 millions, to be taken in three equal parts from the American indemnity, whiea Will be npplied to the payment of fature dividends and thove due since 1s46. 2d Instead of the income from tebacco, which has given little or nothing to the creditors, gove $ not only th ‘on prec from the faeitic. but likewise on those y part of the republic. itiew om gold aud silver circulating in the whole country, ‘This project is of course approved by the minister, but it meets with po less favor from the association, Fven the Gite highly compliments gorernment. In relation to the attempted separation of Sierra J transiate foliowing from Sige ot the Tam: raed to the governor of t having be on orre h of June was tired upon as the day for toe execution of this oavageous treason, They intended sei the Matamoras aud the house of Ge ™ ut the Avslor jon of the author! » wap Ported by an armed force, frustrated the Notwithstanding this, General Avalos appeals to the FRRUINAND CORTEZ. Crry oF Mattoo, July 13, 1849, The Latest Intelligence. The news ot Mr Potk’s death has boom recoived, ‘They are not poritively glad of it, but they hare not | forgotten the injury Mexico has suffered wader his ad- | ministration. The high tribunal of war bas jast decided that Gen, rista is to clear bimeelf of government for assistance. la ihe Mower calle upon governinent to establish « ational manvfactory of fire arms, OF LO Reoept tie of. fer of the Freneh goeeroment, but on po # count to | buy the “ord? Aw Jean honet canast | euher that they rf have | reeted agninet the hives ‘* It is probable that | i | th | | er * From | But the porernm SAGE OF THR PRESIDENT OF THE & THE OPENING OF THE EXTRA SESSION OF C ux Isr suLY, 1849, Derutins axp Senarei with pleasure | see you assembled in these halls, to commence the extra session of Congress which hns been called ther; and | am confident that you are about to aid the government with your support, and 60-1 ite with your wisdom and legal power for the of the vation. Although the subjects which are about to occupy = attention are, by the rules of cur constitution, limited at this session their extent ard importance are such, that they will nevertheless tax your powers of labor, and will Fequire the exercise of all your wis- dom and patriotism, They will require all’ this tho more. as the government. by calling on you for the Peapod ression. has transferred to you a great part of hat responsibility whieh custom, public opinion, and the Supreme Ruler of nations, places on tho chief ma gistrates of communaties. Among the affairs which you are about to have set before you tor consideration. you will find, in the first place, the arrangement of the hacienda, and with that the public credit, In the present condition of human civilisation, riches form an instrument which, from its ready conversion into the many other articles of value, may be said to represent them all, as with riches they ct be obtained ; the object is pot merely to acer mulate gold in our coffers, but so te arrange our finan- ces us to have @ regular supply forthcoming, with which to sustain oder and regularity in all our do- partinents—tranquillity, and public peace and quiet, and all that long list of national blessings whieh are sure to be wanting when coonomy is not practised, and insufficient provision is made for expenditures, During the short but varied period of your political existence, although this branch of public affairs has at diferent tiwes been brought under the cousideration of the legislative and executive authorities, uufortu- nately, it has never been so systematised that the ox- penditures and réceipts bore the due proportion to a@vother; and, although such & condition of affair: ears to be an essential one, not only for Congress, but pe our existevce—indeed, one which would make us despair of the future prospects of the country, how- ever difleult it may seem, however arduous may be ite | realization—it 1s the arrangement of such a condition | that the government asks of Congress, aud which tho republic requires from both, he Seeretary of State showed you, at the commence- ment of the pow year, what was the amount of ex- penditure, what that of the rvesipts, and how far it was possible toequalizethetwo. I have now the satisfaction toinform you. that the preseut condition of the affairs of the republic, (unless some new disturbing influence shall arise) is such as to much facilitate the views of the Seereiary. I am pleased to say that the liberal theory of political economists, that a suitable reduction in tho tariff has ® tendeucy to increase the receipts, has. dur- ing the present year, been fully confirmed in our inari- time custom houses. The maritime aud trontier cus- tom Louses heve produced net, from the 1st July, 1848, to the 3ist March, 1649, (the first mentioned month was almost bare of receipts,) the sum of $6,239,725. On the other bend, retreachments have been more feasible than at other tomes; the same perpetual state of convulsion in which we have been, has had this effect, viz: although the public officers execed agreat deal the number that the nation ought to pay, the army is not uite filed up end let the governwent have been what they may previously. it will not be necessary to increase them from their present condition, at least during the prevent year, From now, henceforward, wa have an pportunity to economise in this particular, ax the reasury will not be called onto pay the salaries of those unoccupied situations, and in many instances there will be am opportunity of suppressing offices m1 diminishing ealaries, which, under the circumstances, especially of those offices which are vacant.can be done without giving room for agcusations of injustice, or the violation of personal rights, by the government 1 be- liove, then, thatgt wilt be proper to avail ourselves of the present opportunity for retrengiment, and | have no doubt, by earrying it out, there is @ possibility of equalising our receipts and expenditures, In the opin- ion of the government, the latter, (without counting mount required by our public debt,) cau this year ited to $8,000,000, the pleasure to inform you.that although you placed what remained of thef indemnification fund, (which wes paid last May.) at the disposal of the go- vernment, it has not beea required for uso, but the amount remains almost entire. ‘The laws regarding contributions, although their priveipal object is to increase tbe fands in the treasury, lxo have an indirect effect in affording protection to 4 aiding national industry and euergy. Some laws have already been given for the protection of various branches of our manufactures aud trade; but | now ‘tion to one, which up to the pro- in @ most depressed condition. I utile marine of the republic + Prosiday y oes On to say that the x57" acted onby other nations in this nuatter,bas been the im- poring of differential duties on traffic carried on im their own or foreign vessels ; he points out that the Mexican Republic bas mapeesee to do this, and aliow- ed the most perfect equality to oxist in the dues on all vessels, whether national or foreign, without any dis- criminating dues, even with those nations with whom or not, He recommends Congress te ration when arranging tariff; whatever differences they do make, to be contiaed — ferupulously to ether nations with whom treaties of prace, &e exist Hie next draws the attention of Congress to the con- dition of her public credit, ineluding il that is due on the foreign as well as the home debt; he thinks that the sum total of the indebtedness will not mach, if at wil, exceed one hundred willions, Although this sum way be deemed large, the report of the Secretary of the ‘Treasury will show that he has consolidated more th. 76,000.00, which will be readily understood, when it is eroembered that in the greater part of the contracts normour amount of credit has been given. lhe: is bething ip this sum of debt that cught to startle Congress, nor ought it to be viewed ass dead weight ondbe nation. A large part of this debt pays no in- terest, 50 Uhateven if no discount is made, (aud the overnment conddently trust there will be) these a Dts will not amount to one third part of the public income; and viewed in this light, our situation is more advanteg than that of many nations who are looked on as shining examples ot prosperity, If, as [ hope, Congress will lend fal aid to arrange th pees with which this debt has been regarded will be Giepelled, and that whieh has hitherto been looked on ass heavy buraen, will by placing largo sun in ole. enlation, Be at once cobverten intowa element of Fictes | Jor individuals, and new enterpaines, aud credit for the | treapury. The sresident noxt notices the public creditor Some of bese deserve especial considvration from Con- exe; Tor instauer, thoae whore property was yolun- tarily, or by force, taken to supply the demands which mtalied on the country. Some of theae claime are held by citizens. others by for ners bab they all are eutitied ) speedy attention. Some initia- tory etepa towards settling thers claims b to the mercai general union are concerned, 1 bound to recognize the eneral government. leaving 3 © management of their State authoritie: would be no impropriety or violation of the constitution in the general government directin; wards the citizens themselves, instead of the provincial governments. Tho President goes on thon to recom- mend the abolishment of the “ coutingent papas by the States, substituting for them individual taxes to be collected directly trom the citizens; he likewi recommends the abolishment of the contingent supply of troops from the States, and the substitution for it of @ireet enlistment. under the erders of persons ap- pointed by the general goverament Thus, when % Were necessary to resort to compulsory enlistment, thore who felt themselves aggrieved would have their remedy in the open courts of lay, and the numerous instances on record offer all the known guarantees that Justice cnn be obtained; whilst, as long as the States are to furnish their quotas of men, jenever it be- comes necessary to take legal steps against a State to enforoa this, there is always danger of disagreements between the general government und the State autho- ritles. and, a8 # natural consequence, civil war may at produced. He then goes on to speak of ho institution of the estanco, or governmeut monopoly Of tobacce, in particular, aud he begs of Congress to devise some plan to do away with this, He looks on the questions of the State payments and State contri- butions of men to the army, 4s also the institution of the estance, as the most pregnant causes of ingtability aud weakness of the general confederation, Hie next calls their atteation to the National Guard, and laments that, notwithstanding various plans of organization have been tried, it has nover been fully carried out, and has only been serviceable in times of general enthusiasm and excitement; he thinks this arises from the fact that the State, as well as general governwnents, have been obliged, in pressing times, to deward the services of this guard where they were not constitutionally obliged to act, which would not be the care, if the regular army and police foroe were augmented. One great evil is that all do not enlist whe ought to. To remedy this the clearest lines ought to be drawn as to who is liable and who is not, and the enlietiment of those ble ought to be most strictly en- forced, and moreover a system of rewards and punish- ments, For instance, those whe do their duty ought to enjoy certain immunities, He further recommends that certain precautions ought to be taken in distri. buting arms indifferently to all who offer for the Na- tional Guard, as in the present condition of society in Mexico, such # distribution would be perilous in the extreme. and he suggests the State authorities as the most svitable ones to arrange such supervision, “At the elose of the regular session where | manifest- ed,” says the Prosident., * the good effects produced by the surnesty law granted to those engaged iuthe attempt- ed revolution at Sierra Gorda. There were hopes enter- tained then t the leaders would have laid down their arms—these hopes have been frustrated; but for sll that. the efeets of that law have been none the good, As # multitude of persons, who had been decoi and inistak have returned to the side of la order and taken advantage of that law, which has #0 far reduced the forces of the rebels as to place it out of their power to do any harm on a large scale. ‘This day orders have been given to treat kindly those who re- turn to their allegianse whilst the obstinate recusan are to be vigorously pursved. The latest contests have all resulted io favor of the government. If any far- ther legislative action fs required in these matters, due requests will be made to ¢ sa, ‘Lhe organization of the territories and districts, lastly engages bis attention. He directs the attention of Cong towards this matter, which has been pend- ing ever he publication of the federal constitution, and urges that whatever action ts had should come di- rect from the legislative autHority of Congress, He re- commends New California to their ospecial attention, as most urgently requiring & dy action. Many other affairs require special attention. but as the assemblage of this day is limited to certain subjects, they will be for the consideration of future jislative am lies. The government, for its part, will not neglect to ai and support your measures by an eficacious co-opera- tion. ‘The following item of intelligence, appeared in the Mobile Herald of the 22d inst. :— Tho diligence from Vera Crus on the road to Mex- jeo, was attacked by bandits on the 22d June, and the passengers robbed of everythin, The cholera continues at Saltillo, making rapid strides towards the State of Durango, on the frontior of which it has already made its appearance Doctors Mears and Saima are particularly mentioned for their curative system. Of 142 of their patients, fromthe 4th to the Sth June, only 4 died for California, under the command of Major Barry, was tttacked on its route by a strong party of lodiand, and ail massacred except one or two, who escaped. Particu- lars not given. A young man had committed suicide at Vera Cra: where suicides are very rare, {tereated a great oe: ration among the people. INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM CALIFORNIA, RECEIVED BY THE STEAMSHIP GREAT WESTERN FROM VERA CRUZ, Mexican Accounts of Misery in the Mines. | THE RETUBN OF DISAPPOINTED BMIGRANTS. Reported Shipwrecks in the Pacific, Ge. de. de, Our special correspondents in Mexico despatch- ed the following intelligence from California, by the Great Western from Vera Cruz to Mobile» where she arrived on the 20th inst. The news isto the 20th ult. It is no later than our advices by the Crescent City; but it gives the Mexican view of California, and miseries of gola digging. According tu these accounts, California is a very uncomfortable El Dorado to be in. Crtr ov Mexico, July 8, 1849. of Misery from California——Reporied and Sup- (Coeee— Amount of Advice posed Shipwrecks on the Western been made by the legislative mere bli the atteution of the present Cougress for the comple- | tion of these steps | The President next treats on the f made with northern and southern neighbors of the republic, he rays that many difficulties preswut themeclves, These diheulties the govermment vill endeavor to overcome, ed ti they should be successful in arranging treaties, due notice wiil be given tu Congress, aod the documents subrritted to their approbation, previous to ratities- accordin, rules of the Mexican comstitu- next speaks of the frequent claims made,on the part of foreigners, through the diplomatic representa- of there 4 tive countries, and acknowled; that the vert majority of these claims are correct, » the payment of them entirely legal He begs of Con- gress to include the manner of paying these cixims, in | their arrangements, when they are comulting a# to plan of fettiing their entire debt, as he believes that not only moratiy, but politically, exact justice is the most derirabie policy for every vation ‘The increase of i Republic as shown »; census wh: in cercain States, bat the popuia- tion of Mexico has increased by 25 percent dariag the part ten years, Me gece on to recommend tae fom tering of immigration; at the same time be does not Wieh to infringe on certain points on which public opinjon is not as yet fully decided; for instance the 6'ving alarm to the conscientious serupics of some aad ordiDg prevexts for popeiar commotions in othurs t believes that by shaping th eCouragement to Of the prine:ples of the eon ty and protection to p foreigners, if they ar of callings and purruits compatibie wit if the fruits of such industry i# guaranteed to them, | the government will have olforcd 1aducewent enough | for immigration. ‘TLe relations among the Nexican States are harmo- niows enough; the Fresident, however, confesses that we Lemporiving on ene | whil.qin the majori- ty of the Siates filled, in # few the ’ ntingent fund. one of the taxes which the federal CULE to pay. bas been left unpaid by several. cause of this no in some has boon the searetty of their ow Veney. or rather beeanse during the Inst two years they were from theexigency of the times called on ty pay mote than the fieenl 18s would reqatre from thom, they now preter not owe aoything, or do not ngree to the & ‘There has also been aif per proport are bound to furnish the Repubtio men whieh tacy nd this the Prest- Nn. the reinforcement of the aray is now of some eight months standing. LOO men have been raise ‘bux the law bas proved uselers; it is neither fuitiiled, nor has it proved puihetent for the public security. ‘The result will bu mort eerrous, as, im order to carry on id be Beeeesary to use por. business for that corps, tion of the ermy ¢ we kept v As a relict for the evils just mentioned, the general goverbinent proposes te reinedy them by piac ful> iment of the federai dues in the hands of the of tho States themselves, nut to their State yg ments ‘these views are grounded on the theory unat in ® federal woiom (aceurding to the latest and best on the eusioms of those nme ) lymgest enjoyed this form of ment) every citizem, as far as matters relating to the | con: Gold Obtained, §e., He. It will net eurprise you to learn, that California is ered by the Mexicans as a “ thing better know than trusted,” amd hence, hardly a day passes that ot find in one or the other paper some long or what is more telling, a short pithy paragraph, inducing everybody to believe that California, far from being a kind of El Dorado, is rather place nothing short ofa substitute for the bottomless pit, where you leave health, strength, money, and hope. It cannot be denied that many hardships are, and must be encoun- tered, both during the journey, on the t diate ar- rival, and even at the period, when one has become as familiar with the “diggings,” as a man about tow knows Broadway, or a“ bboy" the Bowery, © grants, moreover. besides a little money, seldom take more with them than a Bowie knife, s revolver, and « good denl of expectation, their principal stock in trode; which a lively imagination buoyant spirite consider as a very small capital with a whole wilderness of Interert en perspective But the press, l publie opinion, whieh, by-the-by, are im this country not aa identienl ac in America, look here on everything Cali- forvian with the other end ef the telescope, and prob- ably misjudge the real state, aa everybody is Hable of doing who docs not look on it with the © naked eye.”” ‘The principal cause of this morbidity undoubtedly, ia Che celebrity which Cailtornia has acquired. sinoe she has become part and parcel of the Union. Mexico te afraid of beceming the laughing-stock of the whole ‘world, for having sold for fifteen millions, # tract of thirty thowrand square miles, paved with gold, wort! one cannot tell how many times, the purchase money, They maintain that the existence of the mines was known to many of the missionaries, eepecially Padre —., who kept this knowledge profound mystery: for fear of corrupting the inhabitants. Nay, they go as far as to maintain, that government was fully aware of what it was doing, and ceded the mines with a ven- geance, asa means vf undermining th: health and morale of the United States, using gold instead of powder, But it fs veelens to go to any length in giving or refatiog their atements; for even when San Francisco shail have another New York or London, and the shores ramento ae fertile hove of the Mis nel will aiways wait, like the Millerites, for the end of the world. There give you the Intest intelligence from Califor- nia, translated from the Moniior of the 2d of Joly Mazarias, Jume 1X 18H Te appears thas the placers, are at present in a state of the greater: mirery, if we believe t have left for Cal Aceor than D000 pe », and number es of obtarming & A revolt hes brokes Aa fow days aro, iaatl~ ated by reveral pastencers, who had hired it, and retused to Poinnded, when they learned the end mews We copy the following from a letter. dated May 224, written by Mr. N., extensively and favorably know! here out ina Py 1 did not writet eiling entitle to ty make the most out of wlal tet to the p f them, ae long as bh , ‘A company of American emigrants by the laud route | | left, which disa) their orders to- | Py | as exaggerated accounts as los Vaukees. | ene hat $680. ‘They int.nd rom pele of Sonor urea), they mest with tho gres:eab misery. ‘The timos, whon you bad only to stoop to tind gold, are gone. You can reach the interior only, with great dithentty, and ats great outlay of money, 3 x ls have falien heavily, there being an immens« ssook rything at San Francis failures are expected, Buti coast of California, | There i San Blas, has fallen in with a wi twelve dead bodies. and a great many havelreon a brig ontirely under water, « Maria del Rosario, which left Macatian on the 26h of Fob TURE, is probably lost too, siace nothing has been sinos heard of her. (From the Tevie paper, Ta Gaviota, June 15.) We have received newsfroi California, (‘Pho Moxican papoe t mention the date, but we suppose it is the Labor Jane seabout ave been drowned, on tho river 9 mentioned, eacept that ot Mr, Valdes, tle gold hu boon extracted, owing to the rise of tho river. ‘Thore are many persons in San Fr busily employed im busing gold, At $19 an ounce. Goods are plentiful, with the exception of saddles, apurs, harness, ‘The greatest plage of Calitorul of society. We wish her a "Ts gambling, that scourge ond ‘Facon, ws Governor. ‘The Neightor. au English paper, published at Valpa- raiso. says: * That, from the 12h of September, 1548, till the 2th of March, 1849, there have left that port sixty vessels, of differemt nations. with 1,860 paswsengers and ‘601 soldiers, Avglo-Americanos, It gives, wt the same time. a list of passengers, whe have left the Sandwich Islauds. with passports: 118 Americans, 61 British, 14 French, 25 natives of the island, 2 Prussians; Austria, Cuili, Hamburg, Italy Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, one from vach; China, Portugal, and Denmark, four from each; three Mexie cans, aud three Dutchmen, Tais makes 239 persons, of whom. 220 were for California Many bave left without passports, who a cluded in this list. [From the Globo (City of Mes ic We have re red letters: ton, Sacramento, and San Fr We do pot find any thing of i cian hos arrived at i the Letter for the Caril Californta the shame of not im- }, June 29.) Middlofork, Stanislaus,Stoek= An Italian phywt= Sun Franciseo 59 mach itivians, who tional Union The rest of the Mextes of this ebullition of the [From the Siglo, July 8.) recoived further Intelligence. from Californin, ris esa do not take any notice 0. ‘The news ig ns bad as that we havegiven before. The Gavista {a Meaican paver, from Tepic), iv'the only one that differs rom the goweral Opinion, aud still lovks om California as @ ' arty, hae on, who left Tepic, with a larg: lly, from hunger and thirst, between Rie Angelos, ‘Senor Hilarion, who headed has suffered sill more, The Gaviora, of Tepie, gives an account of several travellers, who have returned from Calitor hoy bring unfavorable news. beth of the mines and the state of trade, It doubts their correctness, and publishes, at the same time. several extracts of private lotters, re- ceived at Tepic. Annexed are extracts (Fi A man writes fr that bas wor v ned nos ty asolossiy 1 aferings. Ue haw loft Middlefork placer, ton days azo, as the river had rivom ten fect, in four weeks, to the disappoiutinent of all the dig~ gore. This will last threo months wt least, ‘The natives do not reoelleer of evar hy ath. are bow as Jullum from Now York, go to Middlefork; they a food with thom. On wy arrival at Culluma, ft the ihabitants in the excitement. Tho diggers at Middlefork had boom 4 have bean Killed, have aged Inthe outrage. On th 1, but knowing the fate ome to tl Te requires immenre lab: Feats at to woparave here trom the earth. Crvy ov Mexico, July 10, 1849. Accounts from the Gold Region—The Profite of Gold Diggers—Opinion of the Emigrant the following California news from the of Jane 3 Gav ‘The atenmer from Sa Francircohas not arrived at San Blas, We publih, in the meantime, the substance of @ iotter from SBeror Don Altino Pulido to 8 friend of ours, Uo writes trom Stanislaus placer en the I7ch of May, that the reports of rob- arise weve fa 0 it a. twenty persons, who ha Fold — Prem Apel the Ler r te, he 1 cil the pebbles (iw ous ne, at 515 or $172 35. duy, whirh place ma ads The Garioia is universally taunted with publishing Iu an anawor to the Consrrvademdt denies it, and throws the fault om those persons who epeak {ll of California, in their dis- appointment at not picking gold in such enormous quantities as they expected. This time it will escape the taunts, for $6 90 a day, for such heavy work as gol@ digging, is eertainly not prodigious, and that, too, with the high cost of living. [bad the ploasure of meeting to-day with Mr, Boa- York, son of the former proprictor of Woodworth's, in Broadway. He fully endorss the Mexican accounts, and says that words cannot desoribe the rufferings at the placers and before getting there. He tolls mo that the “Deseription of California,’ pab- | lished in the drmonia Social, which | send you, is the truest account he has yet seen, and gives me full por- mission to use bie name | personally am fully inclined to place the utmost confidence in Mr Boufanti's atate- ment He i#a mort ami od intelligent gentle: who bas visited nearly every country of Europe. aa went to California to see the Conn Sd cannot, ERDINAND CORTEZ, Mexico, July 1, 1849. The Latest from California, The Universal of July the 13th says -— No ¢4 oro todo to que re ah ™ ormis, have exsited the cupiaity of the whole w the disappvint= ' (7) reporte ear. ¥ roma far the cathuciaem with whieh they were listen : copy som: es of & letter written by 8 frien: ed From Plocer Stanislaus, June the eh — Dean Sin— ail myself of the kindness of a friend to write you this 1 ‘and to inform you that I arrived here, after a journey of fifteom days, which dis a deceived we have been with nse different ele bare left. () every @. in mrany of 8. Paequesot, of Teple. consieting of thirty- hay found re en ounce of gold on aa I have just seen the original of this letter, and from what I hear from all sides, lam certain that it speak the troth. Mr Bonfanti paid whieh I jotted down as they fell from his lips — 1. When the last steamer arrived at San Franciseo, it bad 250 parsengers— lv of t returned imimodiate- ly, on reeing the true state of 4. «2. He met, on his return from (atifornia, on the read from Magatian to \iexico, large numbers of Americana, who were in the greatest misery. before getting to Ma- vation. as their money was exbausted before they got baif way. 8 Several Americans bave joined Mexican robbers, and committed many outrages and even atrrcition 4 He bas travelled from San jeeo to Stani-laag, jot with eight mules. seeompaniod by t ta cost Of 1,000; but. in spite of thathe had to endure nearly the same sufferings asthe poor emi- grants, & ‘The greatest plece of gold he has seen, weighed | twelve ounces, although be was shown lumps weiguing twenty pounds; but they were joined logether from smal ones “6 The average profit of digging ls $5 a day; expenses fin cay 7. Moet of the emigrants are compelled to sell thete things, om their acrival tm San # raucives, as their}means De come oul nu-ted cn (a peper im Tepte), te paid from mor. sto yive glowing accounts ts published im papers eceny Mesioan | ports. are exaggerated, being in pay of speeulators | tier) 10 He wares everybody why cau earn $28 day not to goto California n chant of Mexico, bowght Im Onadal fo ouenud serapee (Woolies Claws for thy sage prow OF FLO pivew, Herod two thc wand in Sam | rancises al p40 the reapinger wore