The New York Herald Newspaper, March 10, 1849, Page 2

NEW YORK HERALD. Slorthwent corner of Hulton and Nassau sts, JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR, AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. BOWE?) THEATRE. Bowery—Sw wernean: —Rions>y IT] — Tem axa — Raat. sans. BROADWAY THEATKE, Broadway—Weer Exv—Suasnen ‘ap Ce AsHeR. MaTiON ab THEATER, Chatham Loas ora Wire Tom any Jemmy—Mone—£1 sR AND Carter. BURTON'S THEATRE, Unambere How ro Pay Your Wa-nne wou on Wire v0 4 Vav—Luoy Div SuaM AMOUR MECHANIG® ASL, Urosdway, near Broome—Ounur’e Mixerneta SOCIETY LIGRARY, Brondway—Naw Onusane & oman $57 Groadway—Honsmuanenrr, Po- BROADWAY (IRIS, 581 Greet LENT @ UOe BY Keors, anv Dancine taovre a), BALL, Bowery—Vas Ausunom & Oo’s 200 Mawscrare OBINESE MUSEUM, 6 Brosdway—Onrwass OURIOererm. BTUYVFSANT INSTITUTE, Beosdway—-Mus, Buriun’s Buansresnoan READ MON, jew Vor ‘The News trom Europe. The news fiom Europe, received by telegraph from St. Jcho, New Brunswick, in anticipation of the arrival ot the steamship at Boston, has cre- ated a great sensation in this community, and will attract uttention in every commercial city in the Union. The recent events in England, and 10 Eu- rope generally, are more interesting in a commer cial pornt of view, as affectiug the United States, than in a political aspect. A complete change ha taken place, within a tew months, in the public mind Gf that region of the world—a change which mounts »lmost to a revolution, of a more econo- amical than political character, however. The advance in the price of American staples and stecks, with the return of commercial activity in Englund, and the appearance of stability in the French republic, as well aa the apparent quiet in Germany and Italy, will have a most important effect upon the commerce of this city and the United States. A period of commercial excite- ment apptare to be following rapidly on the heels of the late political upheavings. This excitement 48 tavored end strengthened by the discovery of the vast gold mines in Calitornia, and the effect which that has produced 1n this country aud England, by the emigration going to that quarter. In tact, the present age of the world, and the existing genera- tions ot beth shores of the Atlantic, seem to be going through a process similar to that which cha- ractized Europe after the Reformation of Luther and Calvin, and the first discovery of the wealth of Mexico and Peru. Political agitation appears 40 have been stopped in mid career by commercial discoveries aud commercial enterprise. The Mexican war in this country, and the acquisition of California, are having the effect of moderating ahe political excitement of Europe, by changing its character and decoying it into commercial en- terprise. Thus goes the moral and political world from one cycle to another, 1n the same way as the earth performs its gyrations around the centre of our system. We expect to see a most extraordinary commetcial activity and a wonderful increase of speculation during the next one, two, or three years, while General Taylor is our President.— New-York, es the commercial metropolis of the new world, will receive ita lion’s share of those @ vai tages; and those who are new ready, able, will ond capable to enter the field of enterprise, may, 1) they take care, come out with fortuaes or compe ence. be details of the news will be Teceived this morning from Boston, and will be publishe {iu av Exrka Heravp at 12 e’clock. It will, no. Et, produce a@ \resh sensation through- ut the commercial portion ot the community. Mr. Gaeriy’s ADDRESS TO HIS CoNSTITUENTS; —The honoreble Massa Greeley, as his colored riends ca/l him, has published a long address to his constituents, telling them how much he tried, but how little he effected, in Congress. This is no mews by telegraph. We all know that Mr. Gree- yey tried a great many things, in a small way, but accomplished very little. He talks about postage feform, slavery, retreachment, land refurm, and a variety of other matters; but the honorable Mussa Greelev will be principally remembered in the an- mals of history as the great mileage member, who wanted not only to cut down the travelling ex- penses of members of Congress, but was equ:l y gelicitous in endeavoring to take off a few extras which are generally paid, and justly, too, to the bard working attendants on members of Vongrese— such as porters, paper folders, lamp-lighters, door- keepers, errand.boys, and boot-blacks. Mr. Gree- fey made a terrible noise about the mileage, yet he took nearly two hundred dollare himself, for mileege between New York and Washington, when hie res! expenses in performing the journey did not amount totwenty. Was this honest, ac- cording to his own scale of honesty? As to his at- tempt to detraud the servants of Congress of their ditile extras, it was about about as liberal and ge- merous aa it would be in any person living at one of our hotels, and receiving the constant and daily attention of the waiters, boot-blacke, and chambere ‘maids; and yet when leaving the domicile would mot give thrm as much as a quaiter extra for the attention they received. Mr. Greeley’s yetrenchment and reform notions are the mean- est and smallest that ever filled any addle head, in any part of the world. We won- der he did not propose a committee for the purpose of collecting the stumps of the candles, ithe parings of the cheese, and the other wastage of both houses of Congrers, in order to eell those valuable materials for the purpose of paying off the national debt. This would have been areal move ment in favor of ret.enchmeat and retorm, accor- ony to Lie moguificent m leage and auti-extra prin- ciples. But while poor Greeley does not leave public life ‘without having acquired a notoriety asa statesman of a certain kind, he did not spend three months ia Warhington, a» a member of Congress, withou: eff cing eemeth ng He ruined the bill for estab- fishing # minut in thisery. Fer years past, Mr ‘Tol medge has been indefetigable in that matter, and was uimost succerstul in eff-eting that grea aapproven entforthiscity. During the receat session, swe nave no deubt that the mint would have beea | successful, but for the appearance of such » man as Greeley in Congress. His election by the pee ale of this city, entirely ruined the measure, ac- cording to our positive information from Washing- ton. The bill passed the House, but fell through an the Senate. Why? Several members of that body, from the South and elsewhere, opposed its pasenge, at the most critical moment, when the:r silence would have allowed it to pass. Why ded they doso? We are positively informed that one ©r two of those Senators stated, that if the people of New York would send such a miserable dema- @ogue and firebrand to Congress, to represeat them, they could expect nothing but opposition to what they waned, “The community of New Gork,” they ea, “are sensible people, but they made a terrible inistake in giving us such u repre- Geatative as Greeley, and we mean to let them know it.” Tour, therefore, ‘he Hon. Masa Greeley leaves public life with grr at éclat—euen in kind av never wulbe forgotten. ARRIVAL OF THE Packer Sure Se Ronunt Pe —This eplenoid packet ship, Capt. hadwick, ar. aived at this port Inst might, atter a fine run across the Adentic. She Irft Portamuuth on the 1th, ‘and the Lizard on the 16th nit. But for the re- moaikebie quick passage of the America, she would heve brought one or two days later news from Evgland. Naw Yorx Jouvrnace in Purtapecruta—Sinau- tam Lraa: Movements —A very singular move ment has been attempted in Philadelphia, for the purpose of preveuting the eale in that city of jour- nals printed and published 10 New York. It seems that certain persons who have been offended with the freedom end independence of New York jour- nalism, have undertaken to arrest the agents and neweboys, on charges of libel, with the view ot deternng them from selling and etrculating all ocher journals trom New York 1a that curious aud remarkable city. A lew weeks ago, the Mayor of thet city commenced this curious movemeat by interdietirg the distribution of those journals on the Sabbath day, basing his conduct principally on goed morals and Christian duty ; but it seems this was merely the entering wedge to a big bus ness, which has been followed up since, ag: ceveral journals sent from New York for circula tion in Philadelphia. In aid of this general movement, Judge Parsons, of thet city, a very amiable, worthy gentleman, we believe, hag taken the opportunity to deliver some curious legal opimions on the subject of circulatiog and selling newspapers. The judge undertakes to say that all agents and news venders are ‘equally liab'e for the contents of the journals which they circulate and dispose of, as the proprietor, publisher, or editor. Now we undertake, on the other hand, to say, that a more illogieal or illegal deeision never wus made by any one pretending to know the first principles of common or statute law. Such an opimion, at this day, 18 even hooted at by legal men in England. Nor does such law exist in any other State of this Union, where the common law, or common sense, prevails. Ousuch principles, the post office department and the pow Imasters, because they circulate and receive pos- tage for newepupers all over the country, would be equally able in law for their contents, with the proprietors or publishers. Judge Parsons, backed even py all the police in Pennsylvania, can no more restrain, on strict legal principles, or make an agent or news vender liable for the contents of the jou:na s which he sells, than he can make the pest office department, or the postmaster for distributing them through their several offices — The principle is revol.ng to common sense—an absurdity on its face. The act of arresting a par- cel ot newsboys for selling a paper, 18 precisely the same in principle as the practice of the Austrian and Russian governments in seizing a journal that diepleases them. It is an act of despotism. All those strange movements, which have re- cently been made in Philadelphia, against certain journals in New York, originated, as we leara, trom the searching and just exposures made by the Natronal Poliwe Gazette ef thiscity, and other like journals, of the terrible corruption of the police system whieh has prevailed in our netghdoriog city tor many years past. It seems that the polic* tystem of Philadelphia is the most wicked, unprin- cipled and corrupt that ever disgraced the muni- cipal authorities of any city. The corruption of the old United States Bank was venial in com. parison with the stories told and printed ia the Nu- tonal Poltce Gazette, of the shocking!y corrupt and profligate police system of Philadelphia. We trust that those New York journals who have con- tibuted to the exposure of that infamons system, and shown to the world the terrible league be- tween the police and thieves of all descriptioes, will not relax until they give as much purity to Philadelphia police and Philadelphia law, as Phila- deiphia can boast in its Schuylkill water, when well filtered, or its numerous clergy, when they are kept in order by the newspspers. Deposition or His Holiness, THs Porg.—So, the good old Pope 1s gone at last!—deposed by his people, banished from Rome, and a republic erect- ed inthe place of the Papal government, on the site of the old Roman republic! Can this great change last? Will the despotic sovereigns of Austria, Sardima, and other countries, stand qui- etly by, and see such a revolution as the deposition of the Pope, taxe place in the Christian world ? Froin the events that have taken place in Tus- cany, it seems that all Italy 18 verging in the same way towards republicanism. In this aspect of , every thing will depend on the action to be taken by the French republic, and the policy of the President, Louis Bonaparte. As yet, nothing suf- ficiently authentic or positive has emanated frem that quarter in the matter of the Pope’s difficulties. Some indications have been made, which look as af France meant to oppose the republic, and take sides with his Holiness. But how can one republic question the propriety and rights of another? The authenticity of the new Roman republic, and the right of the Roman people to have sueh a govern- ment, are jist as strongas those of the French people who placed Louis Napoleon in the Presi- dency of their republic. Inthe meantime, the news of the Pope’s depo- sition will create a great sensation among Catholics and Protestants in this couotry. Some will deplore the circumstence, while others will rejoice at it. The poor Pope seems to be in great trouble. We would advise him, as we have heretofore done, to jeave Italy, cross the Atlantic, come to New York, put the tiara and St. Peter’s church in his pocket, and we will endeavor to get up something like a Vatican for him on the banks of the Hudson, and make thia great metropolis the head of the whole Catholic world. What a grand idea! Letus have a publie meeting on the subject—engage a ship, and send her to Gaeta, to see if he willcome over. Do. Tux Sramish GovERNMENT AND THE ISLAND oF Cusa.—By the last accounts frem Spain, it seems thatthe Spanish government, during a session of their Congress, has taken the opportunity to de- clare that no proposition was ever made te them for the annexation of Cuba to the United States, and that the rumors of amnexation were enurely untounded; nor was it believed that any S;anish ministry would listen to a proposal of that kind. These declarations are all very well in their way. Whoever said, er any public print, that a preposition had been made to Spain by the United States, to purchase the island of Cubat All that wasever published om the subject appeared in the forvign correspondence of the London Times, London Morning Chronicle, and New York Herald; and the whole amount of that correspondence was ‘ained in one general statement, viz.: that the American goveroment had instructed their minister at the court of Madrid, to make an indirect inquiry of the Spanish ministry, as to their sentiments on the subject of parting with Cuba. No assertion was ever made that negotiations had taken place, or were pending, on the subject No assertion was Made that the Spanish gevernment wanted to cede Suba; end the declaration now made by Geaeral Narvaez in the Senace, and by the Minister in the House of Representatives in Madrid, are merely idle words, denying what was never asserted in any quarter, But a full account of this affair, from am authen- tic eource, will soon be published in this country. 1; will come from a Southern State; and when it does come, Mr. Botts, of Virginia, wilt look milly enough. We know what we say. Marine Affairs. Tre Srivmpin Launcnes,— Che magnificent stean- ship Empire City is to be launehed betwoem 10 and 11 o'clock this morning, from the yard of Wm H Brown, foot of Twelfth street, East River. She fs of 1809 tons, carpenter's measurement, has four deoks, aad is to bo commanded by Captain Wilson. ip Constella tion is to be laum bed at 10 o'oloek, from tho foot of Severth etreet. She isthe largest merohent ship yot bullt in the United States. being 1602 tons register, or All who wish (o be pleased with suoh «aight, would do weil to be present, as they may never pertauity ogain, ve ach AD Mp TELEGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCK Summary ef the Latest Nows, We lay betore the readers ot the New York Herald, this morning, very copious despatches, re- ceived over the various telegraph wires, from East, Weet, North and Seuth. Our commercial advices from Europe, per steumer America, received in advance of the mail, will be tound highly interesting ; and the news re- loting to Ireland will also be found to possess some importance, The southern line brings us the expected letter of Mr. Clay to Mr. Pingell, on tne subject of the emancipatien of slavery in the State of Keatucky. [t is «document of considerable length, and gives a pretty tull developement of the opimions of Mr, Clay on the engroesing topic treated of; there appears to be no dodging of the question; and, from the tenor of the letter, we feel juautied in saying thet the “Suge ot Ashland” has fully commuted himeelt in favor of the affirmative aide of the question. In addition to the above, we give the proceedings m the New-York Legielature; highly importaut intelligence fiom the seat of the general govern ment ; 1oteresting news from all points of this glorious republic ; market reports ; shipping news, &c, &e., which crowd the limit devoted to our lighting department to its utmost tersion, ADDITIONAL INTELLIGENCE BY THE STEAMSHIP AMERICA. Ireland, The affairs of Ireland have occupied, as usual, a large portion of the time of Parliament since the session commenced. The necessity for the coati- nuance of the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act has been admitted by overwhelming majorities, and even the ultra Irish members have made but a feeble resistance to its passing the Commons. The bill will pase the House of Lords with littie or no opposition. The additional grant ot £50,000 tor the relief of the Irish poor, has also been sanction ed, but has given rive to a variety of debater,a! hinging upen the question ot “what is to be done with Leland?’ Whilst, however, the slew pro- cess of legislation is aiming at giving partial relief 10 the starving people, the state of the country in many districts continues deplorable; indeed, apparently worse than at any former period. The prisons and workhouses are filled to repletion—reports of deaths from starvation are to be found recorded in all the local papers. The clearance of the peasantry and of emigration ar® as active as ever. The stocks of provisions are plundered in all quarters. Catholic chapels are being closed, and the destitution ot the Roman Catholic clergy 18 very great; indeed, apathy and misery seem universal in that unhappy couatry, the condiuon of which is without parallel in the history of the world. Mr. Dufly’s trial, after innumerable delays, has at length commenced. During its progress, ene of the jurors very obstreperously exhibited bis party feeling, by clapping his hands at some of the sentiments of counsel. Mr. Meagher appeared in court by habeas corpus, to give evidence, and was loudly applauded. After the senior Judge, Ball, had charged the jury, they retired to their room to consider their verdict; but although locked up on the night of the 2lst, they could not agree, and were discharged on the following moraing--Mr. Duffy, meantime, being sent back to prison, until the 7th of April, when he will again be tried. Baring Brothers’ Utrcular, Lonvon, Friday. Feb. 23, 1849. Since our last advicer, of 9th ins'sut, we have had ) reat briskness in our market for nearly every desorip- fon of colonial and fore; produce, as well as for all our Jeading staple articles, and great activity oon- tinues te prevail throughout the manufacturing dis- triote, Prices of breadstuffe, on the other hand, have given way under the pressure of large foreign supplies, and provisions, frem the same cause, are also again rather lower. Aan with moderate stocks. firmly maintain their pric The Br. dency upwards the quay. Cocninra, —We notice sales of about 490 bags. ebiefly Honduras silver, from 8¢ 9d. a4s 6d., with black from 4s. a 5s. 3d. We quote Mexican silver 80. 7d. w 8s. 9d. Cocoa in limited request. 268 6d. to 278. 6d. Corrxn bas advanced. Tough oake £84 10s., tile £€3, sheathing 9}¢d., yellow metal 8d per lb. Correx.—The demand frem the home trade has sub sided for the moment, but prices are firmly maiatalaed by holders. Native Ceylon has again been dealt in largely, and about 6C00 bags have been taken from 34s 6d. to 36s 6d. Export kinds attract more attention We notice tates of a cargo of Brazil (Aoating) at 28%, 64, Jor a near port; 1500 bags fine ord. 303; 2,000 bags Jave at 328, and about 4,600 bags Padang fron 27s. 6d to 28s, In all the near ports of the continent prices are well-supported, and the Trading Company’s March sale is expected to go off briskly. Cotton — The immense business last week at Liver pool Jed to more demand b re, and 8,000 bales Eest Indie changed hands at id adv: This week we have been quieter, and not more than 3,500 ba'es have been sold. imoludiag 1,600 at public sale yertarday, when 11,700 bales were offered, and the remainder in. Surate 3d. to 45d. Madras 34. to 44. oan trade continues depressed, and prices of market continues very firm, with a ten- Cognac, 1848, best brands, 38. 4d on 200 bags Para sold from The wheat are 2a. to 3s. lower, with constant supplies fom the Continent pressing om the market. Fi Js offering from 864. to 378 per sack of 280 Ib: that proportion Americen would net be worth more them 24s, 64. to 260, per barrel. Indian cern also ne- gleoted, prices coming lower frem Ireland. Davas, ko —180 ceroons yellow bark, yesterday res!- ized 4s 74.863 10d for sound, baing steady rates, Tarkey opium firmerat 6s. 64.; Camphor, 55s. 0 67s 61.; Quicksilver, 3. 64. per Ib. C 2t 0 2%. Gum Animiscarce, and £7 17s 64.0 £958. paid for good boid scraped. Lac dye hes advanced; J. MoR. brings 1s.0 1s. 34 ; D. T. le 74. 0 1s. 8d. per Ib. Heme .—St. Petersburg olean, £30 6s.; Manills £38 0 £35; Jute, £14 0 £18 108. Hiv In fair demand at eteady prices; well asserted East India in goed condition, are much wanted. Ino1 30,—Te quarterly sales have gone off satisfac- torily. They closed this afternoos. Of 12,206 chests in the various catalogues, 000 chests have been sotu- ally di-pored of at prices compared with October show. per Ib. om the general run of from 34, to 6d: 0d Karpab, Me Oude, We estimate one half the above quantity han been tabem for expart, and the remain- der fir cor ptio oh flour the mekers are firm at £6 for £6 for rails, free on board taffurdebire, prices ha: advanced 10s. per ton, Sooteb pig, on the Ciyds, been dealt in largely, from 22s, to 234. per ton for mized number: Garteberrie is held at 56a. Lanp is 1s. lower. We quote U. 3. 36s. = 37s. per owt. Lixerep Canes contiae to decline, and stocks acen- mulate, The best New York obloag thin, in berrels, are not worth over £7 10s.; Boston, New Orleans, &>. £60 £6 68.; Lemion madr, £7 70. Oi.e—Sperm, £80 8 £50 108 A parcel at auction this afternoon, sold from £79 16s te £81. Common feb cis are very scarce and Southern has been rod from £27 to £30, Pale Seal, £90 108.; Cod £25 101, 9 £26; Palm, 818 0 324 ; coeoenat. 4s 64. a 374, Lin reed searce and not to be had under 264 per owt Rice continues depressed. Bengal White 0s, 64 to argo 7s a 80; Arracan Te # 8s 3d; Carolin 15+ C4 w 1 bd. Sait reren-We notice sales te the extent of 41H) begs from 260 tcl to 278 64 for a Raw Six--Very little doing ta any desorption Anee our last, bat bolders ars im mo way dirposed 'o ‘corde im price with the oonfrwation of w large do- flolency So the pupply from China, Srevten— £16 lis, sheet sive, £2010 8to £21 Srices without material change, We motios Soe Lage Cacavia Peppet, wt 2!54, 200 bags Pim aien o at 334d to Bd; 70 casks and cates putmeg Svaae hes beem in great request, aod very large Jee bave boem made. We estimate the transsetions 12 home trade sorte darivg the fortnight at fully 3000 bbdi 4 65 000 bags, and prices of the lower grades have improved about 1s. per cwt. The demand fer export bas also been active, and eluht cargoes of Brasil, im git about 2.500 toms, have found buyers, from 19s. to 208 for brown, and 92s. 6d, to 24s for white, being about 1s. dearer. 700 toms Java have brovght 24s, to 241 and 10,000 boxes yellow Havana from 20s, 64, to 248. Tne contieental a1- vices continue favorable, and their stooks are mo derate. Tva.— 80,648 packages bave been effered at auction. of which 6300 bave found buyers. There was ao snimation 1m the biddiogs, but im most imstanoes previcun market rates were eupported ‘Tarrow.—The large stook keeps the market de pressed, and 898 Gd. on the epot. 395. to wad in March and 41s, for new St Petersburg Y.C,, deliverable the leet three months of the year, are the exact quotations of to-day. Tin bas further joed. English block is worth 02s. bar ¥3s, 6d., banca 9br., and straits 3s, Tosacco.—The trade demand has been moderate, but about 840 bhda Kentuoky leaf have been taken for export at very fall prices ough is worth 7. 9d.,for good epirite English 348,, Ameriosn im oaske 368. Wuarenone is scarce at the moment, and helders ask £165 for both North West and South Sea. ‘Wool.—The sales of colonial, comprising 25,000 bales, are drawing toa close. These have gone off withcoa- siderable animatio: nd at a general improvement of 24 per lb. Money in more demand at 2 per cent for short pe- tiods, There is no alteration in the bank rate of dis count, Amenican Stoces,—There bas beens steady bu ners in U.S. six per cents sinee our last, at 106 to 1u6}¢; end there is stilia difference of half per cent in favor of bonds with coupons of $1,000 each. Massschusetts ayers at 108, but there is nome for sale. long dated N. Y. State stock, 95—and both very soarce. Pennsylvania in demand at 76. A good deal of business has been done in Maryland ster- ing bonds, with @ rise in prices up to 83, Alabama sterling, 60 to #2; dollar, 54to56, Kentucky, 90 to 92. Louisispa Union Bunk, 87. ex. div. Mississippi Plan- tere, 60—buyers; do, Union, 25, Miohigan, 25 to 36, N. ¥. City, 46 to 90. There ie very little Stock of any kind forsale; but the revival of confidence in continental affairs, tends to check the demand for United States securities. lioge, Eustis, J Lamb . J Kc bamterisin, Gustave Madal, Comaci, + & Ovcks, Me’ 4B Dufour, as, NG Logan, Gunver, 8 6 Blo, Bruce, Keith, 7, Kirkwood, Kromati, Ul man, Keenaar Mobride, Wordeide, Morets and sor, Bowes Shaw, Ovcks, Wil t, W Abrahams, M Dermott, Cl ni, Portagal, ifax—McDonnell and lady, Messrs Starr, Swette, Cropan, Shew, Cochran, Fielding, Pare. brown, Wooahouse, Balt, M Bowell, Murray, Taylor, Rev 4 Mol. HENRY CLAY'S LETTAR oN EMANCIPATION, Bice Sic. Hee Pirtsnunan, March 8, 1849, {Brom the Lexington Observer and Reporter.) New Oxteans, Feb. 17, 1849. To Ricnaro Pinpett, Esq.: Dear Sir:—Prior to my departure trom home in De cember Jeet, in behalf of yourself and other friends, you obtai: from me promise to make @ public exposition of my views and opinions upon a grave and important question, which it was then antloipated would be much debated and considered by the pesple ofKentacky during thin year, in consequence of the approaching convention summoned to amend the presen: consti- tution. | was not entirely well wi I left home, and owing to that cause, and my confinement several weeks during my sojourn in this city, from the effects of an accident which befel me, | have delayed been in the fulfiment of my promise, whieh | now propose to execute, 1. The question to whichji allude is whether African slavery, as it now exists in Kentuoky, Ul be left to ‘8 perpetual or indefinite continuance, that or some ovision aball be made in the new constitution for ite gredual apd ultimete ex'inetion? % A few goueral observations will sumfoe my present purpore. without emtering on the whole sunject of sle- vory. under all its bearings and in TY Bepest of it. 1am aware that there are reepecteble persons who be Neve that savery is a biessing. that che fasticutioa ought to exist im every weil orgunized society, aad it is even favorable to the preservation of liberty, Happtiy, the number who entertain these extravagant opinions 1s pot very great. and the time would be use- lessly ccovpied ip en elaborate refutation of them = [ would, bowever, remark that, if slavery be fraught with these alleged bevefits, the principle oa whisn it is maintained would require that ene portion of the wh ce should be reduced to boadage to aervs ance ther portion of the same race, when black subjects of ry could mot be obteined and that ia Africa, where they may entertain on great @ preference for their colcr 9s we do for ours, they dhe justified ip reducing the white raoe to ali the blersinge which ¢ 3 Anasrgument i race to slavery, inrelleot pte ent be founded in fact, (as it not now exsmine.) it would p' entirely too It would prove that every white nation whioh bed made greater ad fu otsilization, ka: 82d witdom then ano! be izbt to redo jattor toe Atal ag: further, if the principle of subjugation found: tual superiority be true, and be applic pd to nations, what is to pre is? And then the Tight to make y be, but which 1d, we possess this intelleotusl superiority, profoundly grateful and thankfol to Him who has be: it, we ought to fulfil all the duties aad eplige hich it imposes, bjugat leee prove.s 5 A vast mejoric believe, njustiy by our re, but to Li to enlighten them, of the people of the y of the Sta 1 to both races, and would rejoice in ti just ard prac a trom em Tory pian has been on the occasion of the formation of the present comatitution of Ke: tuoky, in 1799, the question of the gradual emancipa- tion cf slay ry im the State was agitated. ite friends bad to epcownter # great obstacle. in the fast thet there then exis'ed no established colony to which they ecw d be transported. Now, by the succes fal establishment of flourishing colonies up the Weetero const of Africa that diMsulty has been: bvisted. And | confers tha: without in duiging in any undue ferling of superstition. it does eer m ti t jt may have been among the dispen sations of Providenoe to permit the wionge under wich Africa has cuffered, to be fofilcted, that her cbildres might be returned 'o their origiasi home. cl- Vilized. ana imbued with the benign spirit of obris. tenity, ang yoo ultimately to redeem that great continent frem barbarirm and idolatry 6. Without undertaking to jadge for any other State, it was my opinion jp 17+¥, that Kestucky was Jm 8 condition to admit of the gradual emsncipation of her sh ‘and bow deeply do [ lament that » system, with that object, was not then estabitned! If it bad bees. the Stat« would now be rid of all alaves My opinion ben never changed, and | have frequeatly pud- Holy expreseed it. | should be most happy if what was impracticable at that epoch, oonld m be sccom- plished. 1. After foll and de iberate consideration ofthe Jeet, It appearsto me three privotples whi ‘the estabiiebment «f = system of gradu on The firetia, t ould be slow tion, cautious and ta ul ould be defras+d by a to be ratsed from hor of each freed siav 4 = Notbing coud be more unwire than the imme- dinte liberation of all the slaves ia the State, 0 ending bot wxee anv all ogea, from that of ry to extreme oid agn, It would lead to th id fatal connequenoen he covaition of roolety and ct i rom only be effected afer the lapse is not 80 Important 'y fixed, from which 10. Whatever may be the dey Axed, whether 1996 or it. f cee but be iiabie | erity of the | bree years, 10 order toeir oy to tims. it 1« mant off pring ot those wna ald be free from their it they ehoald be ap= y-one. and be alk» for @ period not ex- 1g three years, for the purpose of raising moary to weet the expenses ef the cou aod their te. tenor for the fret siz months. 1y, The Penmrylvacin act of emanoipation @xe4 the period of twenty-eight for the liberstion of th and provided or her courte ince faturpre’e tyetem to mean, that the tesue of all who ware to be free at the limited ge were from their births free The Peoneyiven ry vision fur ovlom aa tion. 13. Untilthe commencement of thi wring torketoh | think ali the tegal rights of in their fullest extext, ougrt J unrestricted. Comseqieatiy thay would b: ght to well, devise, or remove them from the State, avd in the latter case, wisnout their odepring being pation, tur which M4, 2d. rom year to to freedom. | consider Without it I should be utterly pored to any ech One haodeed and pinety odd thousand of blacks. compuring about one-fourth of the population of the State, with chetr dercendante. could never live io harmo! Staten (1 une the semre derogatory from one clase, or ti any aupe- riority in the other, but for the rake of brevity) thet is their present covdition [nsome of thore fre the pepal legisiation againet the if not barsber. then it isto States. As no where in the Uaited States are amaig: warion and equality between the two races possible, it is botier that there should be s seperation, and that the African dercerdants should be returned te the mative lands of their fetbers. 15 It will have been seon that the plan I hava sug- geoted preporer the annusi tranepertation of all borm efter a specified day, upon their arrt al at the pre- soribed age. to the ocolovy which may be selected for tbeir destination, a.d that this proocss of treasporte- tion ie to be coptinued until the separation «f the two races in con pleted. If the emanotpated slaves were to remain in Kentucky until they attained the age of 28, it would be sveut 34 years before the Gret auoual trai portation would be begun, if the eyetem commence in 1065, and about 39 years if ite operation began iu 18dU 16 What the number thus to be sonually trans ported weuld be, cannot be precisely accertained | observe it stated by the Auditor, that tte tacresse of elaver in Kentucky last year wan betweeo three sad fowr tbourand. But, as that statement was made upon & comparison of the sggregate number of all tae % of the State, without regard to births, it does not, | prenume, exbibit truy the natural inorease, which waa robabiy Jurger. ‘Ike syaregate wan affected by the nrroduction, apd still wore by the exportation of slaves | cuppore that there would not be lees probi- bly more, than five thousand, to be transporte tae first year of the cperation of the system ; but after it war ip pregreen some yeare, there would bes constant diminution of the pumbder. 17. Would it be practicable aunually to transport 6000 persons from Kentucky? There cannot be a doubt ef it, or even amuoh larger number. We re o+ive from Europe anuually emigrants to an smount exoveding 250000, ut ® coat for the passege of about $0 per bead, and they embark at Kuropean ports mere distant from the United Stetes than the west ern coast of Africa. It is true that the commercial merine employed between Europe and the United dtates affords facilities in the tran+por-ation of emi- grepte at that low rate, which that engaged ia the commerce between Liberia aud thie country does not Bow supply, But that commerce is tncressing. aad by me the propored eystem, if adop'ed, would go into operation, it will have greatly augmented. if there were wc-rtafaty of the angual transportation of m five thousand nereons t@ africa, 1t would porte, and the apirit of com doubt, greatly dimtaish the Toat cost has been stated, % prevent $50 per head id eix months’ ourit af er the Aftics, Whatever may be r the number to ve transported, ube taud to be rawed by the hire of the liberated for = period eediog thre t om their pa heir children; but B encouragement that the are transferred from «land uf bondage aad degredation for them. tos land of 1iberty and equs ity 19, and 3d—Te expente of cranrporting the linerated slave to the colony. of matptetaing dim there for six months, | thisk, ought to be prov! for by # fund a trem be labor, 1D $86 maourr siready ludi- He ie the party most benefitied by Ic would mot be rigbt to subject the bolder to any part oftha expense; and ¢ will beve made rufficient escrifices. without being ox- clusively burdened with taxes to raise that fuad. [oe emancrpated es could be hired out for the time propored. by the sherff or other public ageat. 1m each county, who should b- subject to strict acceuntadincy And it would be requisite tnat there should be kept register of all the births of all obildrem of eowr, aft rte Oey Oxed for (be commrneement of the syswm, va- vorced by appropriate sanctions It would be # very bie regulaion of law to have births, deaths, sad marriages of the whole population of the State regis tnidee end preserved, as is done in most well goverued rates. 20 Among other considerations which unite .n re commending to the State ot Kuntucky a ry-tem for the gimdua! abvitening of slavery, 1s inat ari-iog out of bs rexpored condition, afford ng great iaoilities to the ercepe of her slaves into the fre# Siaces aad 1ato Cas Beds, She does not enj»y the secarl y waiea sone Of the sluve S’ates buve. by being covered ta dptn oy two or three slave States lutervening between them and free States She Res egreaier length of border on Ineo States than Buy ether siave State 1m the Uar ‘That border ts the Onio River, extendiag (rom t mouth of big Sandy tothe meath of lapee of near 60 miles, reparatiog be: Tracy powerfal and growing St ot Oaio. ged tuipois = Vast numbers of baeve Od from mst of the counties in Kentucky from toe moun of Big Sandy tothe mouth of Miawi, wad the evil beg increased and is incressi Attempts to recover ¢. fay)tives Bi y ars. of » civil war breaking out. dueful event of a lution of she of slavery, Kentucay bear the brunt of the orand galiantry; but the su, ity of ths tok be | Seald bo oppor wala lay her fair delde sister slave that we ought not, by the gra- ry. to separate ourselves f.om Staten, tinue to share with . power of cach over the institu jon of slavery, ie abeviute, supreme, and exolusive—exo urive of that of Congress or that of any other state. The goverument of each slave state is bound by the bghen. amd most eolemn obligations to a te qu t4i a4 slavery, 00 as ‘est to Promete t e. bappines:, aud prorperit, Tae poole of lity tubes, Reptackd battig tacentiots'e arming State. riave labor is less profica most of the other riave States, they fad that labor ‘More proti‘abie Im the culture of the siap'es of cotton Snd +ugar. they may perceive a reason in that freiin; should con!roi the Jadgmeut of Kentueky as to w may be fitting © for her interesta, ebou.d abeliab ery, it would be ker duty, trust that abe wouid he as ready as she now ts, to de- fend the slave Stacesim the enjvymont of all their law- fuland constirutional righte, Her power, political amd p sical, woul Increared; for theone hundred aad wi d by an equsi number of waite Totabita who would be estiaated. per capita, Jederai rvie of three fifths, prevcribea for the col: the United states, freely expreneed my proe The foterrating suo- jJoat or wnioh I would have adantted of mveb enlargement, but hare desired to coma t bre- vity But the plan whien | heve prepored will h-rdiy be noone d of belag too carly in i'@ cOmwencement, -r Worepid fu too ere tom Ie will be mure Rely © with contrary reproachee if adopted It ts to th rty tour or “hirty yeare from the time of re eriod or the ite commenor mn sll the culored raoe fi ‘suepertation of each years % be exactly ascertained opinien stadiwidusie d Ghote trans. + A Deter on im ng the bad way, horm after the fir jay, 186, should be tree at the age of iw EEE EE EE ————————— YOO re ough to be 1 probanle that thsy would their mejerity. 26 Moat cf the evils, losses and mlafartunes of ha- m P hfe beve some oomprnrati°n or alleviation The savebolder dhoider, aad | C ted id it I will not, nor is it necessary m themextensively They may be summe. tency fideiity, and the v shall crvate the charact -r of whi rate the tocial condition of the white laborer; augment the velue of our le: impreve the agriouiture of the State, attract capital fro road to all the pursuits manufacturer and agriculture; redrassed, any wrongs jast an we prudently could -condants of Africs hi hens, aud we eboald demoustra’s mbioh we pay 'ndieorim! ized world ; hn bas tothe esteem 10 deeds of ber former gio1 end grendeur that of beiag from ber soll every trace of a lavery. and io ertablishing the dence: Africs within ber jurisdiction, in the nutive their forefathers. would equal sl the pioneer ta bi 00 as te wound the aly b+ pe thet the qu a may be conridered and derided wirbout the influence of party or passion. | should be mat bappy to have the good fortune of coinciding in opinion with a majority of the peoule of Keatucky; but, if there be & majority oppored to all schemas of yradvel emancipation however mush | may regret ft, my daty will be to bow in eubjrction to thelr will, If it be perfectly certain and manifeat that such a majority exiré { should thiok it better not to agitate the question at all, since im thet os it would be usele ad might exercises per- bicious collateral inflaence upon the fair eoasidesation of otber smenoments which may be proposed to our constitution. If there be s majority of the people of Kertueby. at this time, adverse to touching the inst!- tulicn of slavery as it now exints, we, who had thought and wiebed otherwise, can only indulge the hops that, at rome future time, under better auspiors. and witn the biesring of Providence, the cause which we 20 much at heart, may be attended eith better succvss. 28, [n sny event. | rhall bave the ratisfaction of having performed a duty to the State, to the subject, | nnd 00 ve Wa by placing my sentiments permaneatiy ; upon recor 29. With great regard, 1 am your friend and ohedi. * ent servant. ‘H. CLAY. To Ricnasp Pinpewt, Eq. Highly Impostant frem Washington. ‘Wasamaton, Meroh 9, 1849. ‘The Executive nominations were sent to day to the | Senate. There was some difficulty in arranging th ) The Senate has adjourned over to Monday, in order te give the President and his cabinet time to oonsult. They are overwhelmed with s citement exists between the old whig: Taylor men, bat the old whigs are thus far victorious. It is eald that General Diller. original Taylorite, will be made Collector of Philadelphia Fifty app'ioa- tions have already been made from New York City; For the Post Office the following =5 named :—Johu C. Clarke, James W. Hale, Erastus Brooks, Philip Hone, | and Jobn L. Graham. Col. Webb hes been superacd: | ed by Mr Hannegan for Berlia; and itis also said is superreded s eecond time by Mr. Barringer, M.C.,° from N, Carolina, for Madrid. It isseld that his doings under the Bankrupt Law luid out the unbappy Colonel, ; Mr Young, of the Treasury, will be retsined; and good whigs are noliciting the President to keep Colonel Medill in the Indien bureau. ‘The President hes ordered that applicants for office | must firet apply tothe proper heads of the departments , where offices belong. The New York oliques are trying to reconoile matters, Even Webb. Brooks, Faller, and Greeley. are om good terms, under look and key. ! Mr Gallagher, of the Richmond Republican, wanta > he ofies of Second Assistant Postmaster General | Mr. Webster is om terms of confidence with General Teylor. They have had frequent conversations te: themselves Probably Mr Webster may go to Engiand, | instead of Abbott Lawrence. j Mr Hannegan. after trying to get = parsage in the i act er, is again in Washington j The committee in the case of General Shislds are ending for persons and papers. Peter G@ Wasbingtom, tbe Sixth Auditor, they say, murt goout. He ie known as Peter the Great, which | ws utter ruin. He should change his to George, and all would be right. At least three thousand office seekers are in Wash- ington.and more coming every day. You may rely: upon it, there isthe very deuce to psy among the wh Old Zack, they fear. tn going to attend to his pledge: Called Session of the Senate. 1 Wasninaton, Maroh 9, 1849, The Senate assembled at 11 o'clock. The Vice Pre- eidemt, Mr. Fillmore, took his seat, and called members to order. Mr. Firimone laid before the Senate the resignation | ¢f the How Reverdy Jobpnon, of Maryland, On motion of Mr. Prancs, of Maryland, the pre- widii ficer was requested to inform the Governor of Maryland thereof. Afier the transaction of some other unimportant motion was made that the Senate adjoure at, which was lost, by yeas 14, nays 18. The Semste then, on motion, adjourn Monday sext. , Maroh 9, 1849. Jasper E. Brady, late member of Congress fcom the Sixteenth distriet of Pennnylvanis (residence at Cham | Derrburg), it is said, bes been appointed Second Audi- + tor of the Treasury Department, in the place of Gen. Jchn M. MoCalis, of Kentucky. Appolatment of Assistant Postmaster ‘Wasminaton, Maroh 9, 18: It ie reported that Fits Henry Warton, of lows, ‘was ove of the Taylor Presidential electors, has been appointed recond Arsistant Postmarter General, The Hon. John Blanchard, representative from the UTth district. of Pennsylvania, died to-day at Harris- berg, at his residen it. Gerritt Smith—The Canal, de: Atsany, Maroh 0, 1649, Gerritt Smith, of Peterboro’, addresses a selvet com mit'ec om the subject of probibiting the sale of spirita- ous liquors, im the Assembly Chamber this evening. ‘The canal commiesioners say, that notwithstanding the excessive frost, the work on the canal has so far progrereed, that nothing can hinder the camal’s opea- ing at the usual time, if the weather permits, SMW YORK LEGISLATURE, SENATE. Avaany, March 9, 1849, Sets cp Passeruens, A Oe ag Fepealing the law regulaté the landing of emigrant jenonicats, arriving at peer morth of Albany, was presented and referred, Canal TOLLS JON saLT, A petition from citizens of Genesee eounty, thet foreign calt may be transported on canals at the snes tod as Onondaga salt. It now costs more to take Turks Island salt to Leke Erie, then the enlt itesif costes, Referred to the Committes om Camals, RAILROAD APrains, A Dill was reported authorising the Whitehall and Platteburgh Ratiroad Company to provides reliway communication om the wert side of L, to compete wit the Vermont toed, N* Champlain, APPROPRIATION POR GOLLEons, ‘The Literature Committee made a favorable Topert b om the Arrombly bit! appropriating money for the vereny ww York (eneva College, ge, Hamilton and Madison Cow wy ued lartitavon PY MOLT OW THE CANAL, ¥ K, from the retect co: i resoiutton. that bereafier no cellostor of vould oa tas ouvals of this State ball neve cinaranoes o@ the Grab oy of the week (Sunday). nor shalt sprotor, +r look tenéer be required duster op eid Cay, Lald om tho tabi eeeonGan RW YORK cltT Mr, Jonson report-@ favorabl suuising tLe Alms House ond Pemitenuery deprtmsas