The New York Herald Newspaper, February 4, 1849, Page 1

‘ “"should be brok a up, bac SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1849. The Debate In the New Vork Legisiature, fon Prize Fighting. In the Assembiy. on F ‘the 2d instant, the bill to prevent and punish ing came to « third Dr. Fisn moved to resommlt, and stated his objec- tlons to the bill. It punished. by imprisonment ia the Sete rehen, the mere sending or scceptanee of a chal- lenge to Sight, with or without eee whether there io ; was 0 with thle severity the more sendi and acceptance of a challenge toa fight. He ol ted also to the vision pi ing im the same manner the act of wing the State to elude the provisions of this act. ‘There was revolution going om in the public mind as tothe criminal code It was generally thought to be toe revere. He would not, under these ciroumstaaces, gotbelength of this dill. Having stated his reasons Secpposingribe billin the shape in which it was, he withar-w his motion. Mr. Rosz moved to recommit, with instructions to strike out the 3d ot, the leavin; in po for the purpose of engaging in or wit: ing & Mr. A Rosertson expressed the bellef that the bill ‘was destined to pew, and that it wasall time lost to ‘undertake to amend it; though it might no doubt be we ape that would give it more votes than it 001 now Smith moved to add instructions to in- sert tion, deciaring exhibitions of boxing or eperring matehes, &¢., for gain, unlawful; and to re- porth forthwith Mr Nosie suggest struck out, so must the 4th, which was only designed to carry out the 3d. Mr Roser sccepted that motion. M that are, did not get up ‘trike out the enacting clause, Everybody the jeot of these amendments. at is the object? a ‘e—T'o kill the bill. Mr Fish protested against such insinustion: was sorry to hear them. He cousciencious end ja bi objecsions to certain provisions of this bill. He dis- m., dained the eaptious ing imputed to his Mr Hare said hould no ago objects or the feelings of anybody. jamed that they wore oonreciencious in all th not consent ‘the bill, He esteemed its provisions too highly to be ing to see it lost by delay, or by any other course ion He esteemed it of more importance than to prevent duelling He who fought a duel, al- ways went with two or three friends to some by-piuce, and the fight wasreen by afew persons only. Bat a prize-fight was blazoned abroad through the press, aad thonsands were gathered at the scene of action. where all kinds ofimmorality were practiced. Tne evil was seen and known. The principle cf the bill was all right, and theideaof referring it to a committse of the. whole, where by some influence it might be defeat- ed, be protested against He should like to sve it parsed immediately We knew there were persons about to leave the State toengage in this monstrous practice. Ifany time was lost one object of the bill ‘would be up leaned He hoped the moral sense of this Pelican id be sufficient to guard against the loss of e bill. Mr Fisn said it was surprising to him that any gen- hould urge @ speedy passage of this bill as ceseary to prevent the fight that was coming off be- » Hyer and Sallivau. Was it possible that any ould believe that under the publicity given to Our proceedings, any person who intended to join in or witness this fight, would be green enough to wait until this bill paseed before leaving? If there were perrone green enough for that, they would be proper eubjecta for the Lunatic Bi nd could scurcely be reached by any” bill de to affect Terponsible persons. The ntieman last up seemed to assume taat every body wis was disposed to ve commit, was in favor of prise-fightiog. This was not 90; but thers were those wi? Wery opposed to pun- irhing @ mivor ‘offence with the hi beinous offence of prize fighting. The bill, in fact, punished the man rho sent or accepted a challemge to & prize fight, for not fighting, as severely as did the men whe sent or accepted # challenge and did fight. So of persons who might get into a street braw!, wich- outconcert, He should itke to know if a majority here ‘were against enacting such an absurdity, whether that majority should not ana would not control. Mr. W.S, Sorru corrected misapprehension of Mr. Hale. The motion was not to send the bill toa com- mittee of the whole again, but to a select committee, with inuetructions to amend and toreport it back forth- with. that was done. it would not delay the biti half an hour. Again,asto this amendment ef his not being made in. faith— Mr, ey expresely disclaimed any such imputation. Me, W.8. Suitn said the charge came from tho gi tieman from Kings. Mr. Fisxe disclaimed algo. He said the object was to Mill the bill. Mr W.S. Situ replied that the gentleman could scareely have made ore direct impatatio: bis own proposition, it was made im good faith. aes tly besieved that it wae the life out it, it would be s dead letter, uke tus sabbath breaking or pruisny swearing, On Ou statute Dook as w scare crow, never to be heard of in courts, except woen used to gratify personal slice or vindictiveavss, ‘The gentleman from S:eu- ben bad bimeelf given one of the strongest reasons for the adoption of his amendment, Toe gentiemsn’s Tema: k wae that this bill was more important thea the @Cueliing act, because a duel was private affair— whereas these prize fights were public, aud being dla- soned abroad. attracted thousanas from all parts of the Union—becunse steamboats were cha.tered, and armies of were drawn together at thu place of com: dat. gentle wan forgot that the prize fight iteelf tl ‘was e mere incident in point of demoraimation, com- pared with the preliminary combats, got up to make Wcuey, BMG Where che spirit that led te them was iai- tiaied. He alluded to these exhibitions of the * manty att of seif-defence,”’ which were so frequeatia New York acd Brookiyn. Nota week ago be saw plasarded inthis city @ notice ofoneof these exhibitioas. The fancy geniemen attended these exhibitions, and there it wae that they noticed the condition of the pagitet —tbe fiemness of his tloesh—hie training—waether he perspired er not—and all the incidents on which they calculated the chances of bis success, and the safety cfabetonhim. So with the combatant on tae orher side. He gave similar exhibitions in saticipation of acoming fight. Now hisamendment was voted down yesterdsy, Dut by ® very small majority, under ths ocy Lbat it would promibic scbuols for gymoastic exerci I not av. He proposed only to step ther jons for gain. posed e- cti Mr. W. S. Smith coutinued ~ Pena) laws were always eoustrued strictly, and, io framiog them, too much care could not be taken so toframetoem # that there suould be no Joop hole for esexpe, ner any room for technical criticisms. As to these exnibicions of the Manly art, they were often got up by these prize fiybters to raise the money to put up ase stake. ihe Jast exhibition of Heyer, ho was informed, netted him $1000 He should be giad to Know if such exhibitious 88 there, calling together sarge numbers of persons, Were not as demoreiizing as a prize ight? We had Low laws making billiard rooms nuisences—alro the keeping of teu-pia alleys misdemeanors But would apy body pretend that « gentleman woo had a billisrd tabie im bis dwelling, fur private amusement, or a teacher who had a ten-pin alley connected with bis echool, for the purpose of exercising bis papils, would be hable nnder thee laws? So witn nis ameadment. It would reach only pubiic exhibitions of pugitiem for gain- not the mere jy masstic schools which had been ailuded to. Mr. Nosxe moved further instructions to amend the first section, 60 as to obriate the objections of Mr. Fish, im regard to punishing the rending of & challenge, where there was no fight, &c , [pbussubseq avntly waived bis proposition. ) ‘a® Oxven was anxious to have the bill amend- to prevent pugilistic exbivitions. {¢ was im- pres on of Lhe morals of the com- ¢ prize fights were generally witnessed, y debused, thesv exhibitions are wit- ons, who thus oecams inocuinted ia of pubdtic fights. The other amendmen’ cated nothing about, but he was sox. Fors to wi is proposition carried out. He moved a ‘division cf the question, 80 a1 to get a vote on this amendment olone. Mr. Wittany proposed to nmend, so as to exempt cases Wherw @ cbullenge was withdrawa. Mr A Gicnexy moved the previous question, [and it having beeo ordered, aud the question divided, The proporiticn to strike out the 3d and 4th sections ‘was lost, 29 to 72, Phe question then recurred on Mr. Wessel 8, Smith’s seotion, providing that it shell vot bu iawiul to give public exhibitions, for with the pain, Of vexing, oF sparring, er pugiliaic matetenr, foally termed ‘exurb.cicas of tae manly are of reit Gefenee,’ or to adv r give uotios of wach ex- Libitions~ or for the owner of aay grounds or premises to let either jor euek purposes—on pain of flae aad tmprisopment ” ja wnw wdopted, 67 to 48. Mx, Fiske moved to reconsiger—aayiag that he voted forit to euable him to dono He anew nothing of these boxing matehes, wich which the gentleman from Queons appeated to be so iwmiliar—bus the ciiy of New York fad ample power to prevent them without the aid of eny such enactment as thus, Aud he must ray Usatit the yentiewan really desired such a law, Fe could brye introduced his ove bill, wvd taken ihe rerpousibility of it, Bat the geatleman pre. fited Lo stiach it to # bil which be (Me Fieke had the responsiblity of{ntroducing. Cnat he did aot ike, ‘The awendwent would break Up su9k eatadiieh- nite as Fuller sand others, for gymnastic exeretags, Hie knew nothing about Sniiiven's and Hyer's exhibi- tivns Perhaps euch things extsted in Now York But mort of there thiogs took piace fa Queens [ Sone t one”) as well ss horse racing fe porded the amendment oo intended to omourrass the bil Mr. W 8. Swrrm replied —1f tueee boxing schools Jed to there prize Hghis Lie KoOuNE they were broken up the better Baric was notes, Was iy pretended tbat ‘#sehool was a place of public exnibition of Axlvg watches for gan! If so, those exniditions tehool for thy mere purpore of teach pg boxing in privace, would ia no way be afleoted by (his ausndment As to Qaeeny county, de conld teil the geutlewen from Kings that no exht- bition of the “art of seif-detence’’ ever took place in Queens. True, we had a race course there; bat who supported it? Not the of the county, bat there who lived in the City of arohes, as it was called. and who owned their trotting horees—their Gypsies Lady near fet me mere too, living juston the line of Kings. All the miscbie that grew out of herse- racing, came from those in Kings who loved thet kind of a And the room that Sullivan oocu- }, whilst training, wae rin Kit or within a few feet of the line, (Mr. Fister: * No part of the house is in Kings.”) No, but the house is on the roaa, and the county line runs throngh the middle of the road. fae) ‘This section, he repeated, was the life and soul of the bill. It struck st the root of all these prize fights—at their starting points. He read in the Police Guzette—for he did not see the gentleman Spirit of the Times—that at one of these exhibition: one of the pugilists got ro excited that he challunged the world to fight him for $5000. At another, one of them stripped off his gloves hallenged his eppo- nent to go out and have a figh' din earnest These were the hin loftions that otleman — mies had taken ore epectal charge. Ir. Pau bere mo’ 101 Bono v : previous question, but 2. Mr. Fisxe stated that he had not { y way orshape advocated these exhibitions w nothing of them or of the racecourse. He had been three or four times in his life at the race course—nothing more. Mr. something further, which was not distinctly Fisk id shi .) Mr.8. replied that he went with the gentle- men to see them last winter. The House refused to reconsider — 35 to 61. The Srraxxn svnounced the committee, as follows : Mesers Ror S Smith, Fieke, Nob!e and Hale. The committee immediately reported the bill with the additional section, prohibiting pugilistic exhibitions for gain or profit, Mr Fi then moved to recommit the bill, with in- structions to strike out the section justinserted, under int tions The Srxaner deoided this motion out of order, as the House bad already refared to reconsider the vote giving the inrtructions to insert the section to which ths gen- Ueman objected. Mr. Bush moved to lay the bill on the table to be printed. Lost. The bill was then read a third time end passed—ayes 104, noes 6. Mesenge of the Mexican President, at the Opening offthe Congress on the Ist of Janu- ary. GantiemEn :— Favored by the hopes of the country, by a general feeling of the necessity of public order, and by o ‘tranquillity which ourrevolutions had long forbidden you ure once more sbout to begin the constitutional period of your labore. A happy change in the state of Ubings te reatizing itself, such as assures, under these suspices of Jaw and of concord which we hi efar- ther and regulaz meliorstion. | congratal ou, gentlemen, mort sincerely, that this assembly of the people’s ves begins under circumstance: favorable to the success- lative du Thave nothing y . The Government, although fstab athe incersant obstacles, has go forward in @ course both steady and entirely constitu. tional In the several States the name spirit prevails, ‘aud much {s doing toward the reorganization of the different public business and private pursuits, which were destroyed or paraly: Faithful to its principles, the Government will labor unwearied)y to carry forward those which it proolaimed im Queretaro, reduced to this single point—good ad- ministration.” The papers which eball be laid before ou by the Secretaries of the several Departments will jet you see what progress has been made toward accom- plishing that great object. Much is yot to be done; and to you it belongs to establish, by wise and just laws, the foundations o! administrative system that ball not permit change and corruption, frequent and tal. To morrow the Treasury Department will submit to the Congress the estimates of tho public expenditures tor the,coming yeat ; and i may,in advance. felicitate you upon the performance of a duty, about to be per: fected by you, which has never been executed, except onee, in the long period of twenty-seven years. Tue ent tes once settled by your vote. tl aerume s clear and regular orderliness, will be id without repugnance, because it will be known they are spent in conformity to law. Icaa assure yor itlemen,that it is not only not impossible, but quite practi able and even easy, to eq) public expenditures with our receipts, aud the public Gebt will be paid with punctuality, and must become a fountain of credit a: fide ed of establishing financial operations of the that confusion im which we adered, without anybody’s beizg able to tell what revenues belonged to the treasury and what to its creditors, Free from any such serious difficulty as might in- terrupt the friendly relations in which we stand with foreign nations; our administration of justice waking success efforts to render seoure all the nd of propert; our public expenditures met by our receipts; tbe vicious organi- ration of our army reformed, aud 4 muitla raised ; you can, gentlemen, perceive that our present condition is sar {cm that which, all probabilities considered, was to be expected from us. Let us, then, not lament our past Gisorders, (desordenes ; but he mans more—cslamities.) unless that we may guard against them henceforth. If they recur, it will not be the people's fault ; the people desire nothing but rest snd tranquillity, — Let us do all tbat we canto accomplish that popular vow; let the efforts andthe frelings of Congress and of government be the same, fer the principles of mode- rauon and of justice, for a sincere unitedness among the citizens, and for the preservation of that peace within aud without, which we owe to the bounty of Divine Providence. ernment, shall banish hitherto we: Army Lnieliigenc: [Gunenar Onpuns. No. ‘Wan Derantnent, ADutANt Gensnat’s Orrice, ? Wasuinaton, January 24, 1549. “ An Act making provision for an addit! ber of general officers, and fur other purposes, March 8, 1847. ‘* Seotion 17, And be it farther enacted, That when any non-commissioned officer shall have distinguished himeelt or may have distinguished himselfin the President of the Uniied States shal hereby authorized, on the recommendation of th commanding officer of the regiment to which said no: commissioned officer belongs, to attach bim by brevet the lowest grade to any corpa of the Army. Provid- ed, That there shall mot te ore thai tacued to any one company at the aay private soldier so distinguish himself, the Presi- dent mey in like manner grant hime certificate of merit, which sbailentitie him to additional pay at the rate of two dollars per month ” It having been represented to the Secretary of War that the distributien of certificates of merit under the Act of March 3, 1847, has heretofore fallen uaequaily upon the companies of the army; and several com muuications having been received trom time to time tipce the publication of “General Urdere”’ Nos, 82 and 6Y, of 1648, urging an additional icsus of certificates. it is bereby announced, thatin all cases where the re- commendations reorived at the War Department from Tegimental or battalion commanders in the field, have tcular battles or affairs with the oldiers were distinguished, certifi- upen “private soldiers,” In muny cases hole companies, inciuding even nou-commis- siored officers, have been recommended in general terms—“aa entitied in the opinion of their co: manders to the beneficial provisions of the “ acs, without the mention either of date, place, battle, or apy particular act or feat of bravery, which ovuld entitle them to the distinguishing reward. In such cases the recommendations have not been en- tertained, becaure where all, or # large majority of the Army performed their daty with untliuchiug brave- Ty, whole platoons could not id to “have distia- guished themselves above others Phe pubjeot having Deen again brought to the notice of the Secretary of War, he bas decided that the spirit and intention of the law would reem to be liberal and generat not par tial—but clearly designed to hold out a reward to the entire clans of enlisted men :~ tothe non-commissioned cftice rs, brevets of the lowest commission ; to all under the grade of non-commirsioned officer, oertificates of merit ; and that the technical term, “ private suidier,”’ in common justice could only be ured to reprerent the mere numerous class of soldiers ja contradistinction to non commissioned grades ; and hence, that artifi- cers farrters, blacksmiths, and musician’, who do daty in the ranks aud in battle may receive the “ certificate of merit’ when their conduct entities them to suca mark of distinetion. With this view of the case, aad to sechre as far as possible to meritorious soldier from vo tault of their own, have bitherco not rei the certificate of merit, commauders of Regimeate will forward, with a# little delay as practionble, recommen: dations for eucb enlisted mu commissioned efliver, a# m: 1 Heular act or acts of andy ravery. fur whien they bave pot already received a certificate of merit, taking care to specity date, place sud battle, or aitaic = The sobse quent death, Gitcharge or promotion ot the sot dier will vot prevent bis being recommended. After Use publication of the mext list, no further resommen- dations will be acted upon. Commenders wil xeknowledge tho receipt of this Or- der. and forward the recommendations whyoh they may make, with the acknowledgment By Onve R. JONES. , Adj't Gon’), A house waa robbed a few pights sinoe in Philadel- phia, and in the morning the gas lights were tound burning. and a table in the parlor eootaiming empty wine bottler nud glasses. In the centreof tne tably was placed the family Bible, opened at the LVI. Obap, Iseiab, with @ mark attached tw these verses :—Verse 10. “His waccumen are blind, they are all igaoraat, seepin wo ther own quarter.” 12. und we will fill our morrow shall be as this day, dap.” selon with strong drink ; and to abun. D-oomber inst, He belonged to the Onvida and Onondege Indians, [From the Wenerm Tema e Rovrs to Cncataatat Wer bars conversed with a gentleman who accompanied Hays on his late expedition to the Rio Grande, to dis- cover a new route to Chihuahua, and we are gra- tified to find that he positively asserts that the route from Houston to Chihuahua is far superior to any,that can be opened trom oe int on the coast west of the Brazos. He isso fully satisfied of this fact, that he intends to return in a few weeks, with a aan of goods, to Chihuahua. He will r to the head of the San Sab: direct line to the point on the Pecos where the Chihuahua expedition croseed 1t in 1840; and thence by the route followed Coan Hays to the Presidio del Norte. From the latter town to Chibuehua there 18 a good wagon road leading by San Pablo. The distance from the Presidio to Chibuahuas only 10 miles, by a road practicable at all times for wegons. Taere other road which can be traversed only bs mules and horses, which 18 only 150 miles. The distance from Hous- ton to the head of the San Saba 1s estimated at 280 miles. Thence tothe Pecos 90 miles, and trom the Pecos, at the point where the San Saba trail crosses it, to the Presidio, 18 130 miles. The dis- tance then from Houzton to Chihuahua by this route 18 680 miles; aod the whole route is practi- able for wagons. The distance from Indepen- dence, in Missouri, by the route now travelled by caravans, 18 1,350 miles. The route by Houston, therefore, 18 about one halt as long as that from Miseourn, and caravans can start from Heuston as early as the Ist of January, while they can seldom start by the Missouri route, until the Ist of May. Col. Hays mentions that the best route trom Bex- ar, or any of the western porta, must necessarily pass by the head of the San Saba, owing to the Vast ranges of mountains that extend below the Pecos to the Presidio de Rio Grande. The vast range of the Bolson de Mapimi also extends in an irregular semicircle on the west side of the Rio Grande, curving upwerds, neatly, to the mouth of the Conchos, and shutting out all communication me the valley of the Rio Grande below San ‘ablo. Jan. 5.) The only practicable route, therefore, from Corpus Chniet. or Bexar, below the Bolson de Mapima, is that leading by the Presidio de Rio Grande and Montclova, to Parras. This 18 the route that Gen. Wool took from Bexar. The dis- tance trom Bexar to Parras 1s about 550 miles, and thence to Chihuahua 38 360; making the whole distance from Bexar to Chhuahua 910 miles; and the distance from Corpus Christi, Aransas, Mata- pcs or uny other pointon the Gulf west of the razos, cannot be less than 1000 miles. It, how- ever, it were possible to cross the Bolson de Mapimi, and travel in a direct line to Chihuahua, the distance would not exceed 600 miles. Houston has this advantage; that it is situated in the same latitude as the point on the Rio Grande where the most practicable route from the Gult to Chihuahua crosees that river. This is the moutn of the Conchos, near the Presidio del Norte. This point and Houston are both situated on the parrallel of 30 degrees north latitude. The route from Hous ton to Presidio del Norte leads due west from Houston, and all the portsen the Gulf are eo tar south of this parallel, that the route from Hous- ton is thé nearest. This gentleman also intorms us that the route to the Presidio del Norte extends through @ beautiful and fertile country, affording an abundance of pasturage and good water. Col. P. H. Bell arrived in town last evening, from Austin. He intormsus that the Indians (sup- posed to be the Kickpoos and Wichitas) on the northern frontier, have recently manifested symp- toms of hostility. : Tke ranging companies of She McCulloch and Highsmith have lately been paid off at Austin, and the other companies, with the exception of the company under the command of Capt Fitzhugh, have probably teen also paid off and mustered out of service. e have been informed by Capt. Gil- lett that the company of Capt. Fitzhugh, according to the orders of the War Department, had aban- doned its station on the Trinity, and taken up its line of march to Austin, to be mustered out of ser- vice; but after it had proceeded about seventy miles runners arrived with the startling intelli- ence that the Indians had made a foray upon the ‘nmty sett ts, and that the settlers were fly- ing in all directions. The rangers nictnegiately returned to the station, and we understand that they have been ordered by Col. Johnson to remain there until they were relieved by the troops in the regular service. [From the Houston oaarsrie, Jan. 18.) Paintep Rocks or THE Commancnes.—At the head of the south fork of the Llano, there is a high limestone cliff which 18 covered with rade paint- ings, representing indian chiefs in their war cos- tume, horses, mules and other animals, also a variety of mise eed! figures. These paintings are made che ‘ls vermillion and charcoal, but are co well sheltered irom the rains, by a pro- jecting ledge of the cliff above, that very few of them are defaced, although they have been ex- posed for years to the weather. An old Mexican who accompanied Col. aes on his his late expedition to the Rio rande, stated that these paintings appeared as fresh and perfect forty years ago as they appcar at this day. Theee are often ted by the Com- mancher, and are held in great veneration oy them. They seem to be regarded as the historical record of the nation, and the various groups of figures probably represent the victories they have achieved, or the defeats they have sustained in their wars with the neighboring tribes, or with the whites. One of the froure 18 probably intend- ed to represent the dreadful massacre of the Mex- icans when the neighboring fort ofthe San Saba was captured by these indians. Near the cliff'a large Indian trail winds through the valley and over the table Jands above it towards the sources of the Co- lorado. The Commanche war parties often visit this cliff; and it issupposed that they pertorm certain religious ceremonies betore it before they start on any dangerous expedition, and when they return from any succeesiul foray the come here to record the deeds of their distinguished chiefs. A broad and beautiful grassy plain extends southwest from the chff, and 1s walled in_at the sonth-west and north by steep precipices. This plain has probably tor many centuries, like the Olympian plains, been the theatre of festive games, in which the Com- manche youths of successive generations have dis- Played their gymnastic teats, _ Gov. Wood passed through Houston on the 10th inst., on his way te Austin. Mj. Thomas Bates, Cierk of the U. S. District Court at Galveston, died a few days since onthe Brazos, from the eflcet of an appoplectic ft with which he was attacked a few days previous. ‘The weather at Houston has been intensely cold. Ice half an inch thick was tormed. The practicability of navigating the Brazos by steam, to Washington and above, which was clearly and completely demonstrated some years since, 18 a fact which at length begins to yield its er results. The new steamers Brazos and ashington, built expressly for this trade, have ascended the river to Washington, and returned to the mouth ; the Washington with 524 bales of cot- ton, the Brazos with 357, making 911 at one trip, of both boats. The tnp was made with much cau- tion, in order to obviate any accidentirom the want of familiarity im the pilots with the snags or or other obstructions in the river. Domestic Miscellany. Dr. Orgood, pastor of the first church of Springfield, Conn, prearbed hin 40th aniversary mrmon on Sundey last. He hae, during his ministry in that Jace, preached 2600 ‘sermons, married 000 couple, uried 1,446 persons, and baytized 1,002. There were 41 deaths in the city of Brooklyn, for the week ending the 27th ult. At Monominee, in Joe Daviess County, Ill, on the 7th inatanr, John Sparks attacked bis wife, aged 56 Sears, with » knife. and cut her bowels out, John Combs. ® soldier of the re’ yearr, died at Philemont, Va, on the 16th i A buffalo was killed near Erie, Pa,on the 15th, the Only one seen in that part of the country. A young man named Donnelly was very seriously hurt, on « {rain of cars passing over Cayuga bridge. a few days since. by his head coming in contect with bd the eross pieces, He was removed to Auburn, A son of William Ren: of Albany, ten wee drowned on Friday by falling into an al the river, while skating. At the recent fire in Donelsonville, Conn, the law library of Judge Backus was destroy, thé probate records of the district. for ‘The whole damage by the fire was $1 The Presbyterian Church at Ridley, P troyed by fire on Sundsy morning last. Margsret Evans, destitute young woman, froze to death ina garden near the railroad im the city of Wash- ton on Friday night. ‘he ice jm the Surquebanne broke up on Saturday Inet, a Wilkeabarre, and an ice dam form- ing toon after, a few miler bel twenty feet, ro that the dist and Kingston was pare 8 old, hole in the water rose about betweem Wiikesbarre ‘There were 24 firen im Boston during the month of January, the estimated amount of loss from whi $21,420; the whole of which was covered with evrence, ‘There sre now at the Western Reserve College, Ohio, 480 etude nta. ‘The Legislature of North Carolin on the 2vch ult., after djourned sine die session of 69 days, Our German Correspondence. Sroreazp, Jan. 8, 1849. The Result of the Revolution in Germany—The Effect of the California Gold News—The Im- mense Increase in Emigration, $e., $c. We have entered upon a new year in the reckoning of time, and a new epoch has com- menced in the history ot our revolution; or, rather, we are again in the same stage of political history in which the commencement of the revo- lution found us. Nota trace is left, to remind us of the glorious March-days, save the ruins, and heaps of dust and ashes in the streets of Vienna. Not one of the glorious liberties, 80 much boasted ot, remains to console us for the loss of blood and property—for the death of our most noble and brave champions of freedom—for the devastation of'trade and commerce, oc2asioned by the struggle of last spring. The future lies before us, dark, cold, and unpromising, The beautiful vision of freedom that disturbed the slumber of the German nation is past, and the stern reality of the young eur 1849 succeeds the phantoms—the beautitul, jascinating, but, alas! illusory vie.ons of the leap year 1848. With the last stroke of the bell that | tolled the tuneral knell of the dying peat, the last faint gleam of hope that yet remained in the bosom of sanguine patriots died within them. The silence | of the grave-yard reigns all around, and fills the mind with dark and gloomy forebodings. | The, leap year 1848 is over. What an eventful | year it has been? Jn nine short months (ae history | ot the last thity-two years has repeated itself. | The events came rushing past us in bewildering rapidity, and left us where we were before. The | same unanimous struggle for liberty on the part of the people, as in 1815 and 1832; the same golden promises from princes and kinga—the same mea- sures employed to defeat the revolutions—the same treacherous means resorted to, and the same result obtained. How strange it 1s that the Germaa ople ehould not have profited by the example ot rance and of the United States? How strange that 1t should not have Jearned anything by ite own bitter experience ?_ Where is the unanimity of the German nation? where its grandeur and power, when Pruagia and Austria may arbitraril treat the decrees of the National Parliament wit open and undisguised disregard? Where is the sovereignty of the nation and its representatives, when Austria may declare the constitution, tramed by the German Parliament, null and void, when this same Parliement dares not utter a syllable of reproach against the King of Prussia, for usurping a RvErO TRANS TBR ever pelastey to him, tor forcing upon his subjects a so-called constitution ? This umon of Germany 18 but the union of the princes and their Pompe to subjugate the people and keep them in vile subjection. The German Parhament 18 but the servile tool, by means of which the peoplé have been defrauded of the fruits of their revolution, | It has ceased to be of any 1m- portance, even in this respect, tor the object of the princes is gained, and there 18 no further use for it Weenver the present year in a state differing from that of lastyear in no respect whatever. We have gained nothing. No hope remains for a brighter future, save that which remains to every ngor and deserted nation—the release to be gained yy anew revolution. The preseut year, and, per- haps, many more, will fon away, ere a new at- tempt will be made. ‘The reaction has been so complete and successful, that we are, if possible, still more deeply steeped in ignorance, and more impotent for an energetic struggle, than before. But the Genius of Lrberty is unconquerable—the principles of trath must ever be victorious, though tyranny and despotiem reigo for a while, and carry terror and despondency to the heart of the timo- rous, cowardly people who submit to it. 4 The news of the immense gold districts in Cali- fornia has created no little sensation here. Ame- rica has long been considered, by the destitute and indgent working classes of erry asa desirable place of refyge, and all who could by any means scrape together a sufficient sum of money to pay their passage across, flocked thither, in the hope ot finding in she land of dibetty-e peaceful, quiet home, and the means of procuring a decent liveli- hocd. But, since the fabled £1 Dorado of old has tuined out to be a mere desert to the glittering plains of California, the mania of emigration his arrived at an alarming height. Whole colonies, form themselves, and intend to cross to the land | ot promiee, in the hope of receiving a share of the rich booty. It 18 no longer the needv and poor that seek an asylum, but the more wealthy. Even the rich claeses are sacrificing their property tor hide or nothing, and leave their homes for the Jand that is painted in rich, dazzling colors. It may easily be conjectured what a ruimous in- fluence euch a state of affairs must exert upon the price of everything; 80 much the more, as com- merce and trade is already at 80 low an ebb. Though our harvests have yielded rich returns to the husbandman, and previsions of all descriptions are plenty, it is probable that the present year will bear much harder upon the working clasees, in con- sequence of the decline in the price of everytning, than even the years of famine 1817 and 1846. It 1s amusing to hear the speculations of our beer-house govsips in relation to the newly dis- covered treasures. Some shake their heads knowingly, and proclaim, in an authoritative manner, that the whole aflair is a mere Yankee | trick or the cunning Americans, to induce emi- | grauion from Europe. Others believe that a general and thorough revolution will take place in the com- mercial world, seeing that gold must cease to be used as a circulating medium because of its pro- fusion. A third class believe the whole matter to be a humbug, which mnst end in the destruction of all those who are credulous enough to believe the story; but much the, greater proportion sigh and \ fa for an opportunity to get at the hs metal. . {Our Paris Correspondences Panis, January 8, 1849. | The Isthmus Route. Your last paper is very fully quoted by the French journala, especially im reference to to your ac- | couats of the gold region in California. The fact begins to gain believers, even among those who are unwilling to believe. Iam glad to see your di- rections, in reference to a passage across the Isth- aleo arourd Cape Horn, my advice to all is to go | reund Cape Horn, unless they can make them | selves suie of a passage immediately atter their arrival at Panama, by an arrangement with the steamboat agent in New York ; for a passage from Panama to California could no more be procured in Panama ther in Canada; and a person might as well go to Canada to obtain a vessel to California, asto Panama, except under a positive arrangement, providing for one, before he leaves the United States. The expense ot living in Panama ie ex- orbitant; the climate 1s very bad—very dangerous indeed, though less so than at Chagres; but the dysentery will be likely to attack at least one man in two; and it is terribly fatal—no assistance of any kind—nurses, medical aid, or other means ; beyond, possibly some medicine to be obtained in Panama, Only blacks can | be hired, and at an enormous price, speaking | only the Spanish lanruage, who will care no more for a man than a dog—and the climate 18 80 pros- trating thatit is almost impossible for the strong- est constitution to bear up against it, when once attacked. I say to all citizens of the United States —Keep away jrom Chegres and Panama, as you would from an hospital filled with the small pox, where there was no one to care tor you, funless you can muke sure of your passage direct from the latter place, before you leave the United States; taking guarantees therefor from the agents of the boats. Whether you Iend st Gorgona or Cruces is a matter of po importance. I landed at Gorgona, and went from there to Panama; because the river was there high, and the water between Cruces and G gona rapid, so that I saved one day by landing at Gorgona—tor one day is ample to ride, or to walk, with a guide, from either Gorgona or Cruces to Panama--and when the river 18 rapid, it will take nearly a day for the negroes to pole a large boat, heavily laden, from Gorgona to Cruces. It 18 only two or three miles further from Gorgona than from Crvcesto Panema. At Chegre, men ought not to leave the vessel till the boats on shore are entirely ready to start up the river. The only articles of food that I could procure, in a sage of two days, upon the Cha- ure river, were some eggs. To walk from Gor- gona, or Cruces, to Panama, will greatly increase the probebility of an attack of the dysentery. Dysentery in Panama, 1s more fatal generally than the #mall Res im the Unitea States. Ihave been induced to make these suggestions in the hope that they will be read, listened to, and udopted; and if so, they Will save many lives, much sickness, and a great deal ot expense; tor our people have no more idea of the condition of the climate, the people, and of thi in Chagre or Panama, than they have of the unknown world. Viator. U. 8. Sure Exim, Oct. 26, Founonan Roaps, } 1948. View of Payal. ‘We did not anticipate touching at Fayal when we left the United took us out of our in distress, States. An errand of humanity course to escort a French vessel ‘When discovered from the sea, Payalhas a very invitieg appearance. A bold roek-bound coast swells into a lofty and irregular line of highlands. On near approach, the cliffs and soil assume the characters of volcanic formations. Thehill-sides, geometrically divided by hedges of cane into vine- yards or farm plots, present a great variety ot pro- ductions, andare clothed in various colors by the diflerent crops. Y. otlendseape from ‘ou may see a similar diversity the top of Holyoke, as if the fave of the country were tatooed, or divided into sections, and colored like a map. The passege between the islands of Fayal and Pico 18 about fifteen miles wide. A curved bay, flanked by high promontories, forms the harbor, which being completely open to the northeast, anc from the southeast to southwest, 18 but little better then an open roadstead. Gales ot great violence set into the harbor trom these 0} requisite to watch lance, and to be pr nm points, and it ia the weather with great vigi epared to slip on a change of wind into the exposed quarter. ‘The bill-shaped which greets the one side of the har! e eye of the mariner, 1 peak of Pico, the firat object tl seen on bor, springing trom the boaom of the sea, and attaining the elevation ot Mt. Washington. Extinct as a volcano,it till smoulders and emus clouds o f steam from its caverns or its summit, sometimes capped with snow. The tra- veller who crosses its creter, quickens his foot- steps over the heated soil, or tend t springs at ita base. are esteemed the subterranean noises are followed by earthquakes, bathe im hot These vents ot the central fire safety-valve of Fayal, where the shocks ot The town, Villa Orta, built upon the border of the bay, torms a beautiful amphitheatre, extending from one promontory to the other. You are re- mided of the Roads and city of Macao, by the same semi-cicular bay, flanked by cultivated heights. and girt by a sea wall ; by the same salient fort anc landing in the centre; by the same commanding herghts in the rear, and with narrow ascending Streets without foot-walks; by the same bizarre public edifices, and that uniform style of private dwellings, which mark the Portuguese allover the world. Betg built upon a declivity, the town, as seen from the harbor, has the appearance of con- siderable Taagnitaae, and even of «architectural pretension. ut the illusion is fone the moment the foot touches the shore. The low, dark houses, the parrow streets, irregularly paved, the dilapi- dated forts without armaments, the colleges and religious edifices, falling from neglect or converted into eecular offices and speak of degen leges and religious or hospitals, all offend the eye eracy and decay. These col- institutions are the only me- morals of that enterprise and devotion to [etters which, 300 years ago, planted the colonies with seats of learning and noble charities, unless we may diecover the worst eflects of mental culture in the ecft and indolent character of the present impotent race. Our visit here introduced us to the hospitalities of the numerous and charming family of our con- eul. Their houses, somewhat insulated from the town, are among the most charming spots I have ever visited. In their cultivated circle one seems to be surrounded with everythin lite agreeable. The hospitalits this mansion have which can make 8 and charms of long ago distinguished it, and invited notice from abler pens than mine, whose success in making done justice to the an interesting picture has not subject. To fail in describing is only to meet with the same defect which has overtaken others. ‘A climate of perpetual summer, a diversity of grand and picturesque scenery, and a prolific soil, teeming with and heantifal plan hke the “ gardens tle declivity is div: myrtle, and neatly with rare vines. sometimes succeed in rearin, noble trees and a profusion of rare ta, combine to make this spot on the slopes of Eden.” A gen- ded by hedges of geranium aod terraced by low walls, clothed Eqfatorial plants, which we in conservatories with foad and zealous culture, here spring up in the open air, The alo e, the camelia, and others the most delicate, thrive more laxuriantly than in their tropic home. even the aromatic spices—the nutmeg, The coffee, banana, and orange, and cinna- mon-—ge1ow upon the same soil with the most hardy ot onr forest and fruit trees, and our common wild and garden flowers distinguished amid jects around them, y notice was especial! Our choicest plants, hardly the protusion ot beautiful ob- attain a most remarkable size directed to a magnificent camelia, with a trunk a foot in diameter, rising ten or twelve feet, and expanding with pertect symme- ty. buds and blossom: the culture, you ma femily of fortune a ight rear in a life time. : ec hile you see around you nothing but plant Its enumelled leaves were gemme with With so many facilities for imagine what a paradise a devoted to the pursuit, nd ind taste, bloescme, and breathe only fragrance and delight, vista’e, opening as it were by accident, lead the charmed eye to the harber and shipping, and the majestic form of distant. by the variety of it Pico, not more than filtzen miles IT am told that no artist has ever made a faithful aketch of Pico, though many have attemt- ed it. The eye 1s constantly pleased, but baffled, s changes. Its nearness and out- line, sharply defined to its very summut, render it difficult to preserve the proper relation of di nce between the naked upper regton and the eultivated slopes of the foreground. A water color painting by moonlight, was pronounced the most faithful The changing clouds are ever shifting the scene, and producing picture alter picture, each different from ita predecessor, but each perfect and beauti- y shroude ful. Ne din its misty mantle, the whole mountain is obscured, or the gleam of its pointed summit, springing like a sugar loaf from the bosom of the crater, may be seen piercing the blue sky. Now it discloses only its barren and furrowed up- | er regions, in all their natural wildness and sub- imity, where the hand of man has written no change. oti nels of lava; nor vegetation conceals the petrified chan- now girdled by a zone of rosy clouds, the lower districts, luxuriant with vineyards and pastures, embroidered with aromatic gardens, and dotted with the white cottages of the peasantry, are seen in striking mus; butas ] have crossed the Isthmus, and sailed | eternity of the summt. contrast with the nakedness and There is in the grandeur of the mountain top, unclothed with verdure, ridged and seamed with the congealed streams of former eruptions, now unalterably fixed, but still preserv- ing the appearance of flusdity and motion, a close reremblance to that valley of barrenness and ruin described by Lamartine in his journey through Le- banon, which by @ petrified waves of rocks,” and a when all shall have been The mountain is too near, | fined, on a clear day, shadowiness and highest sublime, giounds, such as I bold figure he compares to * the agranite flood,” ‘a cataract of “vision ot the last hours of the world, consumed by fire.” and too sharply d - not to wantiag in that mystery which belomg to the Bat standing in cultivated have described, and catching a view of its. surf-fringed base, its vine clad slopes and ite eneral picture, everchanging into ne inatione-—and you can! relation to the Without being oflended cessive contrast, Ki poragesh bt and the calmnens of its repose ; and | pleasure derived from a profusion ing con. monious sive majesty, the mere sensva of plents and blossoms, ed top, and 118 graceful outline—the wand charm- not but feel ite har- garden scene around you. by any inharmonious or you are subdued by its unobtru- 8 refined into more correct vated perceptions of the beautiful, associa- ee CAs ‘he’ thoughts of the Great [rumer of worlds, who lifted commanded the by the same the voleano from the sea, and fiery flood to stand tast, and who, agency, ean overturn it by the roote, ond in whoze presence it will again be melted as w ax. “ Pico 18 the summer resort of the people of Fayal, at least of so many of them as are considerable enough to be able te observe the fashion. As with oureelves, the time of July and terminates in O that any advantage is gained, or an avoided, by the change of residence. migration commences in October. {have not learned inconvenience But. of course fashion is omnipotent; and to call in _ques- tion her useges, would be in as bad taste here as elsewhere : an here have any employment summer or winter, I not know that there is any reason learn that the La do hould T cannot why the: not enjoy their indolence in one place as w Hae another. Drath oy Mrs. the recent death of Mra. Nile ‘American Chargé @Aflaires at Turin, ‘was born in France, Nires.—The Paris papers an- wife of the This lady and married tor her first hus- hand Doctor Sue, formerly physician to King Lous XVIIT, and father The funeral of th with every mark corps and others. about 14 years old, p ue te said to have of the crebrated ugene Sue is lady was attended at Turin, of respect trom the dipioma ie She has lett twin danghters on the model of whom Eugene formed the characters ot Rose and Blanche, im one of he most crlebrated roe munces. COMMUNISM AMONG THE INDIANS, ETC. * . . . * ‘* INDIAN scnooLs. Schools for the instruc! of | BOW established upen the St Cattaraugus and Allegany, servatio: bee: t Di ing rage emer ccuce Stee Rarer pI jate: support: sehoel, paid to the late faces, Francis Corr $7470 to the present teaoRer A, C. Waterman ; $3 for incidental expenres ; $10 in hiring » teacher and Yieiting the school ; seinen) leaving $66 95 unexpended in the 8 some additional particulars, and the schol. The books used in the school ‘are Sanders? First, Se- eond and Third Readers. Webster's Elementary Spelli Book, Mitchell’s Primary School Geogra burnie Mental Ariibmeti, eT @ number of children learning to read and inthe Spelling Book wae 24; in toe first book org dere’ series 10; in the seeond book 6 ; and in the third 10; in Geography 6 ; in Mental Arithmetic 10; learn ing to write 15 ; Jearning to count 24. At the time of writing, the average daily attendance was 36, and the numbor present that dey was 60. The diMeulties which the teacher ut first encountered, had been overcome, and there was a prospeot of more scho- lare than could Ml tea cared for without assistance. A want of school books. maps, apparatus and eritiag materials. is severely falt. Still, under all disadvan- tages, the obiidren were making commendable progress, and seem to acquire knowledge with the same facility es the whites, ‘The record kept by the clerk of the tribe shows. that Amerior there were living on oo Cal two hundred and fifty chil ; of whieh between eighty and ninety are between the be: ages of 6 and 16, As an evidence of the rapidity with which they learn to read and write, the teacher enclosed « list of the names of 46 children, th writ. fair and legible haud. by alad who took his first lesson in writing in July last. Tearnestly recommend the coutinuanse of the ap- ‘ally to this Reservation, Reservation a school was kept le teacher for five mouths previous to the first 1848, and for the ensuing six mouths bys male teacher with a female assistant. The sum of $: was expended for teac! The whole number ef scholars, who had attended, at the date of the Agent’s report, was 61; of whom 46 had been quite regular, and twenty-five had been ab- rent but afew days during the year The whole number of children on the Reservation, between the ages of 5 and 16, is about 94, Only about three-fifths of the children belonging to the tribe have attended school at all ; and the average daily attendance is less than one-third of the whele. When we consider the extreme poverty and destitu- tion of many, the discord between the Pagan aod Christian families. and novelty of subjecting to sohool discipline the roving instinots of the Indian, our won- der Will be that #0 many con be persuaded to attend at all, ‘The branches of study taught are, reading. spelling, writing, orthography. geogrephy, arithmetic, drawing, and yocal music. ‘The same want of books, maps. ap- Paratus, and other applicances for teaching, ie feit as at the St. Regisschool. The lack of needful olothing: and food, also, prevents the attendance of many ehil- ren. Specimens of drawing, executed by several of the sebolare, hi said creditable to them, have been pre- sented to this Department. The Indian Reeervations in Alleghany Erie, Catta- Onondaga. and other counties, oomorise iy she finest sgriculcural laod ta the ‘The question naturally saggeste itself how, can the Indians be so miserably peor and desti- Agriculture, the mechanio arts, and the habits of oi- ‘vilized life, are to be jearped by them; but the chief caure may be found in the fact, that this lend, being a ual incentives to toil gain. and the acquisi- trom of exclumve property, are wanting Ie it not ob- 8 that the practical communiam. imposed by our upen the Indians, obstructs their advance in knowledge and civilization, and deprives them of the chief stimulus to indurt: d frugality? ‘The cession and alienation of their land cannot be made without the eonsent of the State. Could they not be allowed to divide the land equitably among themeelves, giving to each an estate of inheritance, but not permitting the lard to be dispored of by devise, deed, nor to be encumbered by mortgage or ja gment It is now held in common andinalienabie; it would then beld in partition, not devirable, not alienable, nor subject to any lien or ipcumbrance. ‘The right of pre-emption belonging to the Holland, the Ogden, and other laud companies. if the Indians chcore to remain, is worthless, and their removal must be voluntary The State is not bound to shape ite legielation, 60 ax to cause the expulsion or extermina- ticn of the Indians. If they desire to occupy the small remnent of their once ample posseasionr, and are wil- ling to become an agricultural people, the State should permit their porression to be such as is proven to be mort conducive to the individual and social weil-belng of mankind. It the Indian is to be otvilized and educated, he must cease to be a ravage, Woe mnst altow him to partition and cultivate his land. if we would not have al) our efforts to ed e and enlighten him prove illy- sive and futile. By the liberelity of @ philanthropist of our State, inducemente have been held out to the colored peo- ple, by the generous grant of land, to improve their phyrical condition, and to elevate their character. ‘The grant was pot made as the common property of all who might choore to occupy it, but was wisely par- celled out to individuals in small tracts, thus faroish- ing the strongest encouragement to individual enter- prise and frugality. ‘Why should not the same policy be adopted in re- ference to the Indian: ‘The red man has been deprived of his inheritance. The advance of civilization has usually done hat littie for the improvement of his condition. He has generally been found apt to adopt all the vices, while he ditcarded the virtues, of the white man. OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE COMMON SHOOLS ‘The number of School Districts in the State, aecord- ing to the last reports, is 10621. The namber reported. last year was 11.052. The tormation of uaion districta, and the dirroluticn of districts. cannot have caused this decreate Some error has bean committed, and yet it eeems highly improbuble that any Town Supsr- intendent should be ignorant of the number of dis- tricte or rehcol-heures in bis town. The school money is apportioned to the several counties and towns in proportion to their population If we divide the amount of public money by the nut ber of the districts. we have $58).000 (the sam distri- buted the coming yt 60 to each district, State reeviving then $100. ‘The distribution among the districts of the several towne is made jn proportion to the number of children in each, between 5 and 16 years of age ‘The distribution of the school money according to population gives the cities an advantage over tho rural districts. New York har 80 600 children between the pes of 5 and 6. and the portion of school money is $40.621 58, or 50 cents tor each cbild Madison county has 10705 children between 5 and 16 yearn of age, and bar $4,485 05 school money. or about 42 cents foreach child ‘Ihe difference in favor of New York js 8 cente for each child. Dividing the number of acres of improved land in the Niate, 11.757 276, by the number of districts, 10,621, we bave 1107 acres to each district, The acaregate valuation of the whole State in 1847 waa $632,699,903, er $60 000 to each 3) or excladiog the valuation ot New York, ($247,152 308.) about $36 000, SCHOOL DISTINCT LIBRARIES, The pumber of volumesin the xchool District li- yraviee in J544 wan 1.145.250; im 1845, 1,208,189; in 1846, 1 810,6¢6; and In 1847. 1.938 848 In the connties of Alleghany, Cayuga, Chenango, Clinton, Columbia. Greene, Hamilton, Moaroe, Mont- gomery, New York, Oranges, Orleans. Oswego, Pat- nem, Wayne. and Wyoming, the number of volumes. reported 18 lers than last year, Yet the library money nd yet there are 25 towns the n that sum, and 79 receiving less: has been apportioned to them all Selections for the district libraries. are made Mn the whole range of literature and selenoe, with tho 1 books: polttioal of religious; ry exception of controve history, biography, poetry, philosopy. wd natural fiction—inderd every departs an knowledge contrinutes itn share to the district school library, The object of this great charity was not merely to furwish booke for children, but to este. blieh in ail the sebool distrio janeous Iibra- ty. snited to the taates and capacities of every age. manne of this diffusive benevolence. the light of kao ledge penetrate t t tons of our farmer ere, have daily secess to of vhich, byt for this ra policy of our State, a ma- jority of them would have never beard, After a Jong discussion upon the question of the necessity of the office of County Superintendent, the report passes 6n to discuss the present system, and ehows the plan to be bad of collecting the teacher's sa- lary by @ rate, he having to wait for his money till ali the suits are ended. ‘The question of Free Schools is then ably disenssed. That part of the report coneerning Indian sehools, dererves attention and is particularly interesting. It. is not, perhaps, generally kn: that the Foatierite, or sooial system, is in practical operation in this State, and that ite natural fraits and consequences are beg- gary, sloth, idleness, indolence, destitution, wretehed- ness, and miser, A negro named Gilbert hes been taken ino custody ‘at Peoria, 1i!., for the murder of his wi