The New York Herald Newspaper, January 14, 1849, Page 1

NO. 5337. SUNDAY MORNING, JANUARY 14, 1849. TWO CENTS. "SPECIAL FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. AFFAIRS IN HUROPH. The Effeet of the Gold News in England. die., Sic, dice Our London Correspondence. Lonpon, Friday evening, Dec. 29, 1848. Summary of Events in Europe—Installation of Louis Napoleon—The Ministerial Programme— The Review—The State of Partves--Germany— The Central Power—Austria and Prussia—Italy— The Pove—England— Cobden, §c., &c., &c. Ten days have elapsed since the Washington sailed from Southampton, and this letter, conse- quently, contains ell the important events that have occurred in Europe since her departure. My last letter announced the unprecedented triumph of Prince Louis Napoleon; but, doubtless, some fear- may have been entertained of a disturbance; nor would they have been unfounded, for a pro- jected disturbance was organized and given up. Paris 1s, at the present moment, superlatively quiet; whether the popularity of the Prince will last, whose only claim to the republic (it sounds odd, but it is true) 18 the prestige of monarchy and the relationship of an emperor, will depend greatly on his conduct. Should he attempt to seize on the imperial crown, I fear he runs a risk, and there are symptoms of his inclination to do so. The servants behind his carriage are dressed in green, with gilt buttons, black silk stockings and shorts, the livery of the Emperor; he wears a brilliant star on his breast, and assumes as much dignity as he can possibly demand. We can only hope for the best, for the quiet of France; the field of conjecture 1s too wide. I shall merely point out incidents and give facts. THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. The official proclamation of Lows Napoleon, the President of the French Republic, was announced for Thursday, 21st December. But fears of an out- break induced the National Assembly to do the thing suddenly, on the Wednesday, without pre- vious notice. The outbreak was to consist ina got up manifestation in favor of the empire, a mark for the red-republicans to get up an insurrection. On Wednesday evening, 20th, Gen. Changarnier ordered the Tuileries to be closed, and had al! the issues leading to the Hall of Assembly guard- ed by detatchments of National Guards. The de- bate in the Chamber was going on. M. Lerem- bourg was speaking, when a noise was heard out- side, and the moment after a number of represen- tatives entered, Gen. Lebreton, (in full uniterm) at their head, and followed by M. Veillard and others. M. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte took his place near M. O. Barrot. An immense agitation then ensued, and it was utterly impossible tor the discussion to go on. sivent : The tribune is to the reporter of \ttee appoimted to examine the returns for the election of the President of the Republic (marks of the utmost interest. } M. Watpeck Rot au then ascended the tribune. jiving an account of the pro- He described the labors of the National Assembly until it arrived at the polat ot roviding for the nomination of the President of the Repuniic, The whole of the oe of the Ni tional Arsembly tended to firmly establish the repul lican institutions, and it had received, ted, that the country had fall contidence in the constitution and the republican institutions which had been given to it. Tbe manner in which those operations had passed, clearly showed that the popular feoling is im favor of what the Assembly had done. The calm which had been evinced during the election was so remarkable as to be worthy of commendetion, and wasa strong proof of the intelligence and good sease of the Frencs ped- ple. Not less than 7,326,845 votes had been given as inuch tranquillity as could have be ton of aringle department. The whole demonstration was, in faot, in the highest degree grave. religious, and patriotic in its character, These 7,326,345 votes Were distributed as fellows :— ‘The question of his having lost his qualit; of French citizen by being naturalized in Switzerlan been brought forward, but the committee had nimously agreed to set the objection aside. In equence the committee had charged him to an- nounce to the National Assembly, that the citizen Louis Napoleon Bonaparte had been duly nominated President of the Repub'ic (marks of satisfaction.) The Paesipent: General Cavaignac demands to speak [deep silence ] General Cavacrac (in a firm voice) I come here to the collective re- also to state that [ now to remit into your hands, the office of the Fresi@ent of the Council, which you were pleased to entrust tome. The Assembly will be able to compre- hend better than [ am able to express, all the gratitude that I teel to it for the great kindness which it has been pleated to testify towards me all the time that [ exer- cised that power (loud cheers, which lasted some tim: The Hon. General then, on descending from the tribune, passed his former place and seated himself 1 the left, near the place where M. de La- I now shall put the report of the te. nd every member without exception stocd up in ite favor. ¢ PResipENt.in & loud voice, though somewhat broken with emotion, then ssid: In the name ofthe French people, before God, andin presence of the Na- tional Arsembly—seeing that Louis Napoleon Bons- parte has obtained the abolute majority required by Arte. 48 of the Constitation—I proclaim him te be lent of the French Republic Democratic, one Pr apd indivisible, from the present day to the second Sunday of May, 1452. I invite the new President to come forward and take the oath required by the Con- stitation. Ay Louis Napoleon then came forward and secended the tribune.) The following is the oath :— Before God, and in the presence of the French le, repre” sented by the National reat 1 swear to remain faithful to tke Republic, and that I shall always forward its interests, in all respects. I M. Louts Naroreon Bonaparte, in aloud vole voice responding with the ery of Vive la swear [the loudest cries of Vive la Républic! hi Conatitut The Paxsinxnt : The tribune is to the President of the Republic [marks of the greatest interest.) ‘The President of the republic (Prince Louis) then d.a good y's read the f lowing address, with a firm voice [The address we published in Satur: ‘The Fresident of the republic then left the tribu and going down to the centre of the house. proceed: tot the salutation of the Prince, though © had been proclaimed President of t! it explained that the whole proceeding 1d, that it was some time before Gen. what was meant. It appears that Louis Napoleon the proceeding ‘was quite spontaneous. This act was hailed with marks of unmitigated tinfac tio members of the Assembly, however, lauding as in a theatre, by a loud clapping of hands. The Presiwext—I have to state to the Assembly, bb! O. Barrot has been empowered to form a new nistry. The President of the Republic then left the Assem - bly, in company with M, O. Barrot, M. L. de Malleville, aud other reprerentati This memorable historical event was over before, the good citizens of Paris were aware that their President was installed. Atsix in the evening Prince Louis sent the Poh ind meses e to M. Marrast, the President of the National Assem- bly :— THE NEW MINISTRY. “M. le President :—I request you to announce to the National Asrembly that, in conformity with Article 64 of the Constitution, I have, by ® dvoree of this day, name: Odillon Rarrot, reprerentative of tho reople, Minister of Mints‘ers Justice, cunrged with the Frosiderey of the Couueil of in the abrence of the Fremdent ot the Republic. ra ay Bg Lhuys, representative of tue people, Minister of “jy a, de Malleville, reprrentative of the pzoplo, Minister of 4, General of Divisic’s, reprocentative of the people, ‘ar. ¥ M. de Tyacy Sprecentative of the Nose, Minister of the Marie and coin ba cote M. Fallovx, re) ntative of the ‘Minister of Public In- struction and Worship. Ten ya wiZen Faucher, representative of the people, Minister of Pub- orks. M. Bixio, Vice President of the National Assembly, Minister of Agriculture, ne Passy (Hyppolite), Member of the Institut, Minister of the inances. Acoept Monsieur le President, the assurance of my bigh consideration * LOUIS NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, (Countersigned) — Ov1u0N Barro, i _. Minister of Justice.”” The following additional appointments have since been made :— Colonel Rebellot, of the Gendarmerie of the Seine, Prefect of olice, General Changarnier, Commandenin Chief of the Nat Guards of the Department ¢f the Seine. and the Garde Modile, also Commas der iu Chiet ef the Ist Military Division. Marchal Bugeaud, Commander in-Chiot of the army of the A MS Berger, representative of the people, Prefect of the Reine, On Sunday morning, the 24th, a grand review was held in the Champs Elysees of the National Guard. With the exception of the following in- cident, all passed off quietly :—One circumstance created a little agitation just as the troops were filing past the President. All of a sudden a huge kite, in the shape of an eagle, and very well exe- ‘THE REVIEW. cuted, was observed floating over the spot where the President and his staff were standing in the Place de la Concorde. The general impression at first was that the eagle was a portion of the regu- lar ceremonies of the day; but the mistake was speedily dispelled when one of General Changar- nier’s aides-de-camp was seen cutting the string, and at once bringing the bird to the ground. The Debats says that the projector of this notable scheme intended to ridicule the invasion at Bou- logne. It is, however, more likely that he was an enthusiasiic Bonapartist, who took this mode of recalling the empire to the recollection and affec- tion of the Parisians. But, whatever his real m- tentions may have been, the result, as far as he 18 concerned, was an unlucky one, for he was carried ofl by the Gardiens de Paris to the Prefecture of Police, where he 1s allowed time to ruminate over his folly in extemporizing an addition to the cere- monies of the review. ‘ The following account of the Review is from the correspondent of the Times. Panis, ember 24, 1848. The first military spectacle in honor of the new President of the republic took place this day—or rather is taking place at the moment I write, (half past 2 P. M.,) the armed force now defiling before him in the Place de Is Concorde. An invitation had been pre- viously addressed from the War office to the general officers in Paris, to the effect that those who desired to be present at the review, should attend at the Hotal de VEtat-Major.Rue St. Dominique,at 9 o'clock this morn- ing, at which hour the Minister-at-War would pr. oeed to the Palais del’Elyeé Nationale, the resi ot the President. At an early hour the fieu, and troops of the Line, to enter Paris, and s0 very early as half past 6 the r. pel was beating along the whole extent of the Bo vards. The morning was bitterly cold, yet this did not seem to diminish the enthusiasm always felt by the French people for military display; and crowds of both sexes were seen from 8 o'clock to gather, from all directions, and from all outlets, towards the grand point of attrac- tion in the Place de la Concorde; where, fromthe foot of the Obelisk, it was expected that the whole force would defile before the President. From 8 till nearly half past 9 o’clock the bands of the different corps were heard, as they proceeded slong Boulevards, and took their stations at the points lotted to them; and along the immense line which has fer its boundary the Madeleine, vast crowds con tinued to throng, and to augment at each moment, as the tributaries to the great tide of living beings poured in from the various both sides of this great thoroughfare. The step: Madeleine itself of- fered a resting place, id an excellent point to view the proceedings which were to take placo in front. At 10 o’olock the Presi left the Palais delEly- e¢e, attended by the Minister of War, and followed by ‘@ numerous and brilliant staff, amongst whom was Ge- neral Lamoricitre, but I was unable to recognize Ge- neral Cavaignac. In fact, the attention of ‘was 60 rivetted on one single object to the exclusion ofall others, and the President was so entirely the hero of the dey, that his companion: attendants almost escaped notice. Louis Napoleon wore the uniform ofa General of the National Guard, with the cordon and star of the Legion of Honor. A long white plume floated from his bat, which, howe he almost constantly heldin his hand, as he retu: she salutations from the armed force as well as fromthe people. He leoked well, not- withstanding the coldn of the morning. Slight flakes of halt-melted snow began to fall about halt-past look. He rode at a slow pace along the line, appeared to sit his horse well, and returned with grace and much dignity the acclamations with whieh his presence was greeted. He proceeded from the Place ‘de slowly and steadily by 8 detachment He then turned manner alon; to the right, and went in the sa1 the Boulevard, entered the Rue de la Paix, an Proceeded to the place Vendome, where the Fourth Le- gion was drawn upin a double line parallel to the Piace, Teady to receive him The acclamations which greeted his presence on the Place de la Concorde, the Rue de la i nd the Boulevard, been gratifying in the extreme to him and his friends; but they were little in comparison with the burst of enthusiasm which bail- ed his Appearance on the spot from which, at the sum- beautiful column, the Emperor Napoleon overlooks the vast extent of Paris. The cries of * Vive Napol ive Louis Napoleon!” were deafening ; but wi at the mement he came in front of the sta: ti opped—it was but for a seeond or two—rein- edup his horse for an instant, and gently and most gracefully inclined his head before the hero, not a man, woman, or ehild of the vast crowd that thronged the place, but joined in that immense shout of *‘ Vive Na- poleon!”” ‘The feeling was absolutely contagious, and you might have seen the tears start from the eyes of old looking men. As for the gentler sex—ex- asin hatred—were their votes alone to er, it is doubtful what height of dignity ba sete the admired of the land might not aspire to. “ Dieu! quel beau gargon ?” remarked s most eloquent not uninteresting young lady, who was leaning on the arm of a cavalier who might be her husband, but who looked old enough to be her father,—“ quel front ! quelle grdce! Les smbé ont dit qu'il est imbécile, celui-ld; maie s'il est imbécile, il a une figure bien spiri- tuelle. Le pawvre! au moins, il n’a jamais conspiré con- tre la France, ni aucun de le. Regardez ce pau- vre Jerome; di @ viécu; et avec tout cela, a-t-il jam Non! ‘Les Bonapar- tes sont nous—il ont Frangais de ceur et de corps. Bien, trés-bien; voild qu'il salue son oncle. Quit est gracieux, qwilest gentil! mais ca me fait pleu- rer de j Vive Napoléon! vive Louis Napoleon!” then cried one of the sweetest voices that ever spoke music to the ear. The enthusiasm of the young lady was communicated to all around who heard her, and never yet were 50 many gracious gifts attributed to s human being as there were to the ident at that mo- ment. It is difficult to say, and it would scarcely be generous to inquire, whether the gentle obeisance—if the slight inclination of the head could be so termed— was intentional or not. It had all the appearance of eae unpremeditated. At all events, it produced its effect. The President then proceeded to the gardens of the Tuileries, where the Fifth Legion was stationed ; he rode at the same slow pace along the line, while, as be- fore. he was received with the military honors due to his high rank. He then proceeded to the Champs | Elysées, and returned to the Place de Concorde about 1o’olock, where the entire force—troops of the line, Garde Mobile, and National Guard, of all arms—deflled slowly before him. He returned with marked courtesy the usual military salute rendered him by the officers of the — as ny Hg The bi of the Third Legion, as it marched from the Madeleine down the Rue Koyale, struck up the spirit stirring notes of the “ Marseillaise;”” it was beau- tifully performed, and no doubt con amore, and the ‘words were sung, & little out of tune, and somewhat, it must be said, to the detriment of the melody, by the two or three sections who followed immediately in the rear of the musicians. But Louis Napoleon did net exclusively enjoy the enthusiasm of the moment. A little before he appear- ed on the Place de la Concorde, black man, of very bigh stature, apparently about 70 years of age, and wearing the full uniform of the old Imperial Guard, appeared amongst the crowd in the Rue de Is Revolu- tion. He was greeted with eheers on all sides, and a poreage was made for him with ea much reepect as if e wae a Marshal of France | found, en inquiry, that he was an old trumpeter of the guard, who had’ that | day donned the uniform still dear to the memory of all Frencbmen, to do honor to the memory of his Emperor by showing rerpect to the nephew. ‘The early part of the morning was not only cold, but lowering and gloomy, and about 10 o’cloek some flakes of snow began to fall, But about 11 the gloom became less dente, the clouds thinner, the mist gradally roli- ing away,and at half past 12 o'clock the sum shone out, and the heavens became blue and transparent as ever. The cold was much less, « slight thaw set in, new life was added to the scene, and the good humor of the people was increaeed. A very reepectable traffic was carried on by the ven- dors of eau-de-vie, warm wine, and cigars, Medals of allrorte and sizes, attached to red ribbons, were sold at five sous apiece, commemorating the installation of the President; and prospectuses wore handed about, soli- citing subscriptions ew almanac, to be called L' Almanac Napoleo' Frem the wanner in which the armed force was sta- tioned in the streets, squares aud quays, and the im meneo length of ground they cecupied, it would be dif- fieult to give the exact number of those under arms — They could scarcely, | rhovid think. be wader 100,000 men ; reme fix them at 120,000, and o hers at only from 85,060 to 90,000, The eye accustomed to this rort of sights, and to mi- litery mancovres, might detect @ slignt want of orga- nigetion in the whole affatr, as if it had been got np oo arndden, without mach tine to make prepara'ions avdakind ef trregularity in the sllowing the crowds to get mingled in mauy places amongst the trorps Torre were posts ntutioned along the Boulevards, and at the corverr of the different streets through whish the cortege wae to onme; but the people freely passed, exept in the Place de la Conocrdy, Tiis liberty, agreeable and convenient to the merely cu- rious, detracts something from the military character of the spectacle. This remark, hypercritical as it may be, applies, however, only to the places where the Na tional Guards were stationed. But, on the whole, it was, without doubt, a very imposing spectacle. and passed off with ton meow’ pariees geod human, aud with out a tingle attempt, or even # disposition (so far as | could observe), to create disturbance. ‘With two or three exceptions—I speak, of course, of what came within my own observation —the cries were, “© Viwe Nepoleon!” “ Vive Louis Napoleon!’ only.— The exceptions alluded to consisted in two or 08 men en blouse in the Place Vendome, at the moment the President passed, adding te the cry, “ Vive la Ré- publique!” This reception of the new President must certainly have been gratifying to his feelings No doubt a good deal mi nt be attributed to old recollections; but mnch also to his own bearing, on this his first appearance be fore the army, and which was graceful, engaging, and dignified ‘ [la °—observed another fair critic (for with the softer sex, a8 probably with the ruder, per- sonal advantages weigh much)—“ un air dour comme une jeune fille, et, en méme temps, fier comme un guer- rier!” In @ word, Louis Napoleon has begun well; and it would be uncharitable to augur other than a prosperous career for him. The impression left on the public mind is certsinly iavourable if The Bonaparte family witnessed the review from, the windows of the residence ot the Minister of the Marine, on the Place de la Concorde. The ex- King of Westphalia, Jerome Bonaparte, was dress- ed in the uniform of lieutenant-general which he wore at the battle ot Waterloo. M. Napoleon Bonaparte, the son of Jerome, who 1s appointed Ambassador in London, attended the review as a common soldier in the Ist legion ef the Na- tional Guards of Paris. His comrades, on discov- ering who he was, placed him close to the stand- ard. M. de Tracy, the Colonel ot the 1st Legion, having been appointed Minister of the Marine, the command was taken by Lieutenant-Colonel M. Clary, who 1s a near relative of Prince Louis Na- poleon. Monday, being Christmas day, was kept asa holiday. THE PROGRAMME OF THE NEW MINISTRY, Tueeday (26th Dec.) was the first day’s sitting of the Assembly under the new Ministry. M. O. Barrot read the programme as follows:— The President of il: You heard a few days nee the epeech of the it of the Republic. ‘he ideas contained in that manifesto are also ours. We take the same en- gegement before the National Assembly and before France. You will not expect from us an exposé of th situation of the republic—an expo3’ which must neces. sarily be incomplete frem the short time that has elapsed since we came into office. What we owe you isan planation as to the principles which have presided over the formation of the cabinet, and as to the line of con duct which it proposes to follow. Ai aware, our political origins are various. At the pre- it time, ministries can nolonger grow out solelyfrom struggle of opinions or from the exclusive triumph of y. The election of December 10 has just manifested in society an accord, « spirit of union, to which the government must respond. all men who love their country unite in sucha sentiment, there would be neither patriotism nor wisdom in a gover: ment that should resist such a great and salutary i: pulse, The state of things which we now point out Tules our policy. What the country wishes for is order—moral and materia! order; order in the streets, in the workshops, in the administration andin the ette mind, 6 republic overnment will not be lefinitively strengthened unti y when revo- Tutionary ‘agitations will be pot to—[eries of “hear,” “hear,” hear.) In energetically consti- tuting the eee force, the Government wished to put material order out of danger. We considered that energy in such a case was os j_we wished to ourageevenar idea of disorder. We propose to ourselver are the country those terrible neoessi- ties of repression before which, when the moment ar- rives, the Government cannot draw back, bnt which are always a painful sacrifice for humanity and for the country, the agitations which re just gon through, and which have shaken society to ite foundation, security 1s eetnean wish of all. It is necessary that calm should be restored to the publi mind, that soolety should have confidence in the fu- ture, and that one should think of the morrow. This confidence increase labor, and with labor the real sources of riches will be re-opened. rorable symptoms assure us that our provisions on this subject are already more than vain hopes, and begin to be rea- lized. riculture, industry, and commerce have se- d, the fortune of the State not jous erage In pedininys aes, power, which alone remained standing, to onme to the assistance of individual ne, and supply the vacancy left by the want ‘he force of circumstances has perhaps car- tied the State out of its natural path ; and in all cases that intervention has already imposed the heaviest burdens on the Treasury. The public finances are at this time deeply engaged The National Assembly bas comprehended that it was time to return into the ao of enlightened foresight and strict economy. ‘he Cabinet devotes itself to that great and difficult task, without exaggerated fears and without dangerous illusions, Assuredly we do not think that the hand of the State can be withdrawn from every pase to which it has held out its assistance ; but we beli must only undertake in proportion to it that it must not do evesything, and, for reason, not all at the same time. We rit of association and individual strength. Ws think it that the impulse of the State should, wherever possible, be substituted for direct execution by the State. Our society has contracted the deplor- able habit of relying on the Government for the cures which, in other ns, proceed from indivi- dual activity. Hence ti eking after places and grants which corrupted and eventually ruined the monarchy (hear. id from which it is necessary to eserve the government of the republic, by simpiify- Ing the machinery of the administration, and b; ituting rules for arbitrary acts in the disposal of We shall not forget, citizen reprerentatives, to give precepts with any degree of authority, the ernment must before-all set good amples (bear, A 2 the relations of France with foreign av ita present complications. We find negotia- tions opened on all points, That state of things im- ones On us.B reserve which tha Assembly will compre- end ; for we are fally deci which we believe we are not eure to be able to reali: [hear, be: nd mot to lightly or rashly engage word of France. shall seek, wherever they possible, to obtain pacific solutions, because they are for the interest of France as well as for that of rope ; there is no necestity for us to ray that the ni tional honor will hold first place in the attention Citizen representa- ove all to raise up and France, Bat it be weil we do not intend to make the necessity of order an absolute obstacle against the tendencies of modern society. Order is not for us the end—itis only the means (hear, hear). in it the essen- tial condition of all liberty and of all progress. The complete re-establishment of recurity ean, we are deeply convinced, alone permit the republic to give the rein to grand prosperity and of political manners, We do not with to fail in any one of these interests. The election of December 10 has placed imm strength in the hands of the government. Our task, citizen representett' is to prevent that streogth from proving abortive, er from being led astray, (hear, hear); andte accomplish it we rely on your patriotic co-operation [approbation } 3 The almost unlimited powers given to General Changarnier, gave rise to some interpellations by Ledru Rollin, but the Minister’s explanations were regarded as satisfactory, and it 18 generally sup- rer Prince Louis starts fair—time must show the rei The Debats speaks highly of the Ministerial programme. It says:— to the programme, we declare it to be irreproach- ur opivion is of some weight in this matter. We ajudge of programmes- we have heard so ma ny! We long, we admit, to pass to something more po- sitive, and to be able to form our judgment ot the Cabinet by its acts, We must, however, declare that, after the eccentricities of the Inst ten months, the somewhat level style of M. O. Barrot gave us pleasure. That clastic and official style of all governments agreeably fellon ourears Here, at least, isa Minis- try which frankly replaces itself at the head of socie- ty, which does not conceive itself obliged to turn more or less against us the power which it holds ef us ~a Ministry which will not govern backwards. The circumstance is almost piquant; it possesses the fresh- nese and merit of being @ novelty. Order! Did we hear right? What! the Ministry proposes to itself to re- store not only material but moral order! We warn M O. Barrot and hie coliesgues that the taek will be as difficult as it is great and noble. So many ruin been made! So many false ideas bave been acor by word and example! Something more than # pro- gtamme will be required for such a case. Let us take what is offered us, and let us, whilet waiting for some- thing better, enregister the good intentions of the Mieeey. To-day, speeches; to-morrow, business. The following are the remarks of the National on the Ministerial programme:— The new Cabinet insists much on the necessity of strengthening ord it appears more particularly to asrign to iteelf jesion of fortifying the govern- ment, and society itself, against the action of disor. ganizing dcotrines, or against the attacks of violen Im that it will bm | foliow the hen! iy the presedi: administration It appears to us that the men whom it succeeds have known how to conduct with a firm hend the dertinies of the country, and that in more dificult clroumstances, it isto hoped, th those in whieh M. O. Barrot and his friends will be placed. It did not enter, probsbiy, into the thought of the Presi- dent of the Council, when speaking of mission of oraer, to oriticise the former Cabin However, his langusge could be so interpreted But decided to guard, with respect to the present Ministry. neutrality, and not to ores for it diffoules it might point to hereafter to attenuate ite faults, we shall not seize o1 me words whioh an indisect attack on men wi policy. before it was question of candidates for the presidentehip, f upd admirers on the bench where M. Odulon Barrot not to promise that = ard wo do not wish to behoid anything but an in- ttence. where we should be authorised, perhaps, to | » an unmerited act of ill feeling. The Republican | sehool, besides, iy the sehvol of order par eweeilence; it | ia ite principle which, in giving an equal representation to all intereeta and all ‘rights, conelliates them ina common action, which, in establishing unity in the Government, substitutes harmony and ment for antagonism. Let it not be forgotten that Monarchical order is established by violent compression, and ends in revolution; Republican order is established by liber- ty, and by the fraternal extension of all rights; and, far from peslabing by @ necessary catastrophe—as the future will show—is consolidated by universal co- operation, and is perpetuated in an incessant p On Thursday, M. Louis Bonaparte returned the visit of the President of the National Assembly. He called, at eleven o’clock, at the hotel of the Presidency; the officer on duty ordered out the guard, who presented arms. M. Armand M: rrast came down the stairs to meet the head of the go- vernment. They remained in conversation for the space of three quarters of an hour. M. Louis jonaparte was dressed in a suit of black, with the decoration he usually wears; he was accompanied by M. Ney. chef d’escadron. Cavaignac left a card for the Prince. GERMANY. 3 The breach between Austria and Prussia 1s be- coming daily wider. German unity was a dream from which Germany 18 beginning to awake. The position of parties at present 19 as follows: Austrig has thrown the Central Power over board, which eadeayours to swim, aided by Pruseia. The latter finds the Central Power rather heavy, and is half inclined to let it go and sink—but the promise ot the Imperial Crown of Germany is held out to Pruseia and makes it doubt. Should the king not have common sense to reject it, Germany will eplit in twain at once, and we may have ano- the: thirty years’ war. Austria refuses, and ever will refuse, to acknowledge Prussia above her; and Bavaria and Saxony will join Austria. Pras- sia is concentrating an army of 120,000 men onthe Rhine. This, without further comment, will suffice to tell you all that has occurred, and the exact posi- tion of Allemania. The campaign against Hungary has commenced. Presburg, Tyrnau, Wieselburg, Kaschau . Cemorn Grau and Baal, have been successively taken from the Hungarians by the Imperial troops, com- manded by Windischgratz and Jellachich in one direction, Count Webna in another, and Field Marshal Dahlen in another. The Magyars mai make a stand at Pesth, butit is problemdiicele Pesth, however, may be bombarded. Kossuth de- fends it. At Wieselburg the Hungarians fought well. Some sixty Austrians were slain, amongst whom are 2 Generals. No details of the battle have been received. The other towns surren- dered without a blow. , _ ITALY. The Pope 1s still at Gaeta. The rumours that Naples, France and Italy are to reinstate him on the throne, is false. I enclose you extracts from the Italian papers. 2 2 ENGLAND. But little stirring but roast beef and plumb pud- ding, and Christmas‘tales. Cobden has published & financial programme—see papers of Friday last Lonpon, Dec. 29, 1848. Abolition of the Corn Laws— Government Reform —Newspaper Changes—New Printing Press-- East Indian Matters—The Lahore Dvamond— British West Indies--Trade—French Intelligence —Communism in England— The gCaltforma Gold Mines, in England. In another month the corn laws of England will cease to exist. Adam Smith has recorded his opinion that “‘ Taxes on the necessities of life are acurse equal to the barrenness of the earth and the inclemency of the heavens.” To celebrate the eve of the annihilation of this unjust and cruel impost, which the landed interest have maintained for so many years, a public dinner will be given by the free traders, in Manchester, on the 31st of January, the day previous to their extinction and the meeting of Parliament. The letter of Mr. Cobden to the chairman of the Liverpool Financial Reform Association has pro- duced a powerful movement in favor of a radical change and eeonomy in the national expenditure. The letter will no doubt be given at length in the columns of the Herald, and it is therefore unneces- sary to go into any detail on the subject, further than to say that he proposes a reduction in the ex- penditure of the army and navy to the amount of ten millions per annum, and to apply such surplus to the repeal of the taxes that now press most heavily on the public. In this portion of his letter he has displayed a profound skill, in proposing those imposts for repeal which are likely to invite the energy of every class of politicians. The boon of having malt, duty free, will rouse the farmers into activity to agitate for State economy. The abolition of the window tax will move the shop- keepers. The release of paper and soap from the fangs of the exciseman, will secure the co-operation of the Scotch excise reformers; whilst the shipping interest will be won by the total repeal ot the duties on timber. The most satisfactory thing, next to this relief, 18 the tax Mr. Cobden proposes to impose on the landed aristocracy. This is the probate and legacy duty on landed property, which they have hitnerte eecaped by means of the partial Jaws they have themselves enacted. This will produce about a million and a half a year. As may be naturally supposed, they are in a terrible roge at this letter. ‘The liberal editor of the Morning Advertiser says he knows positively that Mr. Cobden’s letter, and its certain consequences, has produced perfect consternation among the ministry. ‘They are bewildered, and know not how to counteract its eflects or meet the difficulty. The Chancellor ot the Exchequer, who has pro- bably the weakest head in the ‘family govern- ment,” will be quite unable to cope with the storm that will rage in parliament for retrenchment. The enthusiasm manitested on the subject throughout the country, as expressed by the provincial papers, is almost universal. The tew objectors are found in certain of the daily metropolitan press, who are adverse to any change that can benefit the great body of the people. They, however, speak de- spondingly, aud fear the ministry will have to give way to popular clamor, as they term the demand. With regard, to the London journals, a consider- able change is shortly to take place with regard \o some of them. ‘The Morning Herald, which has had a very protracted existence, is about to disap- pear from the stage, and its connexion and interest 1s to merge into that of the Chronwle, which, in the beginning of the present year, was purchased by Rothschild and the Peel party. The former, to this hour, fights hard for protection and the re- impesition of the corn laws, and 1s notorious for oe more harm than good to its party, the Rich- mond and Bentinck rump. its approaching disso- lution is # practical pioof that its doctrines are not sufficiently bafta to make their organ pay. The Daily News, that has fought a noble battle against four powertul rivals, 1s about to become the pro- perty of the free trade and financial retorm par- ties; and, under the influence ot their capital and connection, will have a far wider range of utility m the cause of good eee ard popular nights. Hitherto, four of its cotemporaries, eepe- cially the Times, has tried every means to put it down. They have gone se tar as to lay out twenty thousand pounds, in a steamer, and the establishment ef expresses on the Continent, to anticipate its intelligence, but 1n vain; as no mat- ter what happens, or where, it 18 sure to appear in the low-priced Daily News, as soon, if not sooner, than it does in the pages of the combined mono- polists. No interest, direct or indirect, prompts these remarks, which are strictly due to a love of fair play towards a journal remarkable for its early intelligence, its talent, its liberal sentiments. and ita attempt to furnish the public with a go summary of passing events, at a reasonable price. The new printing press of the Times 18 fully de- scribed in the number of the present dav. [t has been in operation since the month of October. Al- though much 1s said in praise of its increased po w- ers of producing the required be es, a the truth must be told, that the hour of publication is precisely what it was before its adoption, which does not say much in its favor. The old machine produced 6,000 impressions in an hour, the new one 8,000, and hopes are expressed that it will ulti- mately reach 12,000 Though the description may be copied into the Herald, a few particulars may not be out of place. Colonel Hoe’s plan of building the types round a cylinder hes been adopted. His cylinder revolves horizontally on its axis, whilst that of the Zimes revolves vertically, and is of coa- siderable diameter. A gallery of some 25 feet dia- meter surrounds it, end also § other cylinders, that impinge on the type or centre cylinder, and produce the impression in its revolution. In this gallery are 8 corresponding feeding or * putting on” tables. ‘The grand difficulty, which was at last overcome, wee lo change the horizontal position of the paper, as luid on the table, to the verucal one required to meet the face of the types. Tis is aceomp ished by anarrangement of tayes, The centre or type cy hnder han 38 devoted to the inking apparatus, which imparts ink to rollers placed on the external frame, which they in their turn transfer to the face of the types. The vertical cylinder was adopted that vity might not aggravate the effects of centri eftoree. The torm weighs three-quartersof aton. Af e- ments are made on the cylinder by which ihevaled or column brasses, which are levelled, are screwed to 1ts face to secure the adhesion of the form. The speed seems small in comparison with that of Col- onel Hoe’s presses, though nothing can exceed the beauty and evenness of the impression. From the account given, the idea seems to be conveyed that no hopes need be entertained, of more than 12,000 copies an hour being produced. The machine is the work of Mr. Augustus Applegath, who made the old one, which has been in use for the last twenty years in Printing House Square. It would be a matter of some service to the proprietors of English journals, if a really well authenticated a count of the performances of Colonel Hoe’s press would be furnished to the trade. , Recent news from India shows the position of the Indian army as unchanged, since the previous mail. Gen. Whish is to be superseded, as the Governor General considers him to have shown a want of energy im his operations against the Shiks. There is no doubt but the English will eventually suc- ceed in conquering the warlike tribes opposed to them, but it is certain its accomplishment will cost an immense amount of treasure and blood. The present disposition of the mother country 18 not to squander money, especially in foreign ware of oppression ; and it 1s, theretore, doubtful it ‘unds will be forthcoming to prosecute the war with vigor. The Delht Gazette exults over the capture of the tamous Lahore diamond, which, it says, is the most valuable in the world, and will soon be transmitted to England, as an appendage to the English crown. The pretext for this sei- zure is an alleged act of treachery on the part of the sovereign ot Lahore towards the English go- vernment. This, treachery reminds one very much of the wolf in the table, which sought a pre- text to quarrel with a poor lamb, that he refi ht have the pleasure of killing and eating it. The pretext was a bad one; but having force on its side, injustice was perpetrated. And so it 1s in the present case. Splendid as it may be, it will never add lustre to the English crown, or splendor to the barbaric pomp of its court, when the world knows by what foul means it was stolen from a defenceless Indiaa, From the Cape of Geod Hope, news of tran- quillity has arrived. The butcheries of Sir Henry Smith have terrified the Boors into the most abject Cee i The West India colonists seem fully alive to the tactics of my Lord Grey, andare adroitly meet- ing his moves at all points It now becomes evi- a considerable space uncovered, which aptain is every inch a sailor. Without charts, { more seductive El id with a sea so heavy that no pilot would ven- ture to his relief, and with his vessel an almost sinking wreck, he came in with his flag flying, and sately anchored in quarantine. Much muisehief has unquestionably been done to shipping in this quarter o| the globe, and the insu- France companies may husband their resources, for the day of reckouing 1s at hand. The Reception of the Caiifornia Gold News in England, one the London Standerd, Deo. 20 } The Britannia steamer arrived at Live. pool ee terday, with news trom N. York of Dec. 12, The Great topte of interest in this city was the California gold mines. All other matters were deemed insignificant and worthless. Even the election of Gen. Taylor had ceased to excite the smallest at- tention. Every body was talking of the immense. if not boundless, wealth of this glittering regio! but how to get there to participate in its advanta- ges,was the puzzling question. All sorts of schemes were set afloat by ingenious speculators to extract money from these ardent gold seekers, devising means by which they should reach the spot ot their proudest hopes in safety and in comfort; and most eager were these hunters after the valuable metal, to seize upon any plan, howeve’ impracticable and absurd, so that they could but leave the shores of New York tor this land of treasure. The jour- nals of that city announce upwards of twenty ships ready to sail for California; and 20,000 individuals, it is said, were preparing for the voyage. A most intereiting document, written by Col. Mason, the military commandant of California, and forward- ed to the American Secretary of War, which re- ports, officially, every fact of importance connect- ed with this important discovery, will be feund in another column. [From the London Sun, Deo, 29. Whatever the Americans may think of the riches to be derived from the mines of (Re and quick- silver discovered in California, they would act more wisely in observing the admirable results flowing from the approximation of their commer- cial system to the principles of tree trade, than in pursuing the VG) speculations of a new and \ Jorado. The recent explo- sion ot the philosophic bubble of M. Cabet should act asa timely retin to the dreamers of the United States. Icaria has melted away from the prairies of Texas as the mirage melts from the aridity of the wilderness. ‘Lhose who, like the cre- dulous son of Monsieur F*****, have relied upon the truthfulness of the Parisian philanthropist have found ashes in their mouths instead of apples, and have discovered the reputed Paradise to be nothing better than a pestilential swamp, like the Eden vi- sited by Martin Chuzzlewit. According to M. Cabet, Icaria flowed with cream and honey, with the fruit of the olive and the juice of the grape, dent that the present state of things, as regaras them, cannot continue much longer. The colo- nial office must either relax its undue and usurped authority and dictation, or the colonists will first stop the supplies, and ultimately declare their in- Core nasace, : . In Manchester, trade is said to be somewhat improved. Itis not, however, that general kind of improvement which would justily a belief in ite permanence. A variety of causes have given rise to a momentary impulse to particular branches of the staple trade of the town, which journalists are glad to avail themselves of for publication, to lend a helping hand to what they term, in the phrase of the day, “the return of confidence.” This happy realization, itis feared, is yet distant. Some ot our papers are Beciahing te speculate, that though Teactionary movements have lately been in the as- cendant in Europe, still our troubles are not end- ed, and that what has already taken place is the mere overture to the revalloaaty opere that 18 about to be enacted. Austria has boldly declared that the treaty of 1815 still survives, and the truth of this assertion is now pay proved by the new bond of alliance between Kussia, Austria, and Prussia. Of thisalliance, the English government must know something, and, indirectly, it may be aparty toit. How Louis Napoleon will act, re- mains to be seen. His predilections are entirely in tavor of war; but his views in this respect may be modified from his connectien with the Empe- peror of Russia. His cousin, Eugene Beauharnais, married the daughter of the Czar, and itis probable that he will be placed on the throne of Lombardy. The French President 1s said to be in favor of this arrangement. So far all goes on quietly in France, ‘none the ministry of Odilon Barrot will not last long. Iu all probability he will be succeded te Thiers. The new ambassador trom the French Republic 1s to be the cousin of the President, Na- poleon Bonaparte, who 1s an ultra republican, and one not much to the taste of the creatures of the court. The communists in Paris are again begin- ning to cause considerable uneasiness, Oa Christ- mas eve, an assemblage of 450 persons, among whom were 560 women, had a grand repast, after which very extreme views and opinions were ex- ressed. Next day, 500 women had a similar anquet, which was attended by a ate BiEny pular orators of their school, who held forth after the most approved fashion. in London, the brother and sisterhood of this order of persons propose to come out very strong on Sunday next. They are going to meet and deliberate as to the best means of extending the pamabies of communism in Eng- land. It is said that they propese reprinting the whole of the works of the French communist writers, in numbers, ata cent each, so as to ensure them a large circulation. Some of the old tory pepers are almost trantic at the notion of such an outrage being perpetrated on society, Ea aan | in the meantime, that their opposition is only making their existence better known. {In such cases, it better to allow principles of this kind to test their own merits, and if worthless, to sink quietly into oblivion. Mr. Macaulay’s new fines f ot England has had an extraqrdinary sale. The first edition was ab- sorbed in acouple of days. It isadelightful work. Instead of the dry and formal history, we have now the fascinating and instructive. Every page 1s @ picture of the past, and a lesson for the future. Its beauty and accuracy has disarmed the criti they are universal in their praise of the author’ powers, as a historian, and a writer who has’sum- moned courage and resolution to break through obsolete prejudices, and to clothe historian narra- tive in a garb befitting the advanced intelligence | ef the age. His liberal opinions, especially as ey ing the course pursued towards Charles the First, is very satisfactory in these days, whea di- vine ee are being poked into light for party pur- poses, by a set of corrupt and plundering aristocra- tic tamihies. If published, in America, it is certain it would have an immense sale, which its intrinsic | merits fully justify. i _E 7 one in London is talking about the gold | in California, and many are wis! ing they were there. If itisfound in large quantities, the cer- tainty is that the influx of this precious metal into | the States and Europe will knock Peel’s monetary | billon the head. The national debt, though most | of it was contracted in paper, must, aceording to our wise government, be paid in gold. Peel’s bill | defines the weight and value of the sovereign; and by it the claims of the national creditors are mea- | sured and paid. Such being the case, it is evident | that should gold be reduced one-half in value, by | the ae products of California and Russia, the | debt will be liquidated at half its original cost. It | was the fundholders who prompted Peel to make this shange, and to define his claim by a certain weight of gold, and if any loss arise it ishe who must bear it. peoyst The proper Nhdl eat ey have been adopted tor the purpose of applying to Parliament for power to divert the greater portion of the river Thames from its course at Henley, about fifteen miles from Lon- don, and to conduct it by canal and pipes to the metropelis, for domestic and sanatory purposes. ‘The fall 1s about one hundred feet, which wiil reach nearly the highest partof London. The maximum price 1s to be one cent the thousand gallons—the one being eight, and in some cases ten cents. At the present moment in England and Scotland, every one is buckling on his armor for a vigorous onelavght at misrule and monopoly, no matter whether in the high offices of the state, or the counting houses ot the joint stock companies, be they gas, water, or railway. Lisson, December 22, 1848. Interesting Marine Intelligence. ‘The United States steamer Alleghany, eomman- der Hunter, put in here some days ago trom Rio de Janeiro, for supplies, and proceeded two days ego forthe Meditteranean. All well. The American vessel Rowena, Capt. Howard, bound from New York to Madeira, has been driv- en in here by the late gales, in a damaged condi- tion. The passengers and crew all saved, after hav ng made the most Providential escape. Great credit 1s due to the captain for the skill and perse- verance which brovght this vessel safe into har- bor. i The American bark Undine, bound from Got- tenburg to Savannah, has ulso been happily brought mito port. Nothing but the indomitable energy of his Yankee captain could have saved her. while according to those who have adventured in search of this beautiful ‘land of promise,” the whole account has proved to be in every particular the phantom of a gorgeous hallucination, The “rubies thick as gravel” are mere pebbles, the diamonds mere flint, the harvests mere crops of poigonous weeds, the vintages stagnant pools reek- ing with stale exhalations. Such is the reality weich has risen like a ghastly spectre out of the roseate romance of the politician. Icaria 1s hence- forth to be numbered with the island of Atalantis, with Utopia, with Arcadia, with El Dorado, with the realms ot Prester John, withthe cave of bul- lon penetrated by Alli Baba, with the valley o brilants explored by Sinbad the Sailor, with the garden of precious stones traversed by Aladdin, with the verdent solitudes of Robinson Crusoe, and the fruitful seclusion of Calypso. And it is after the perusal of the exposure recently published respecting the delights of Icaria, that we can re- peat, with fresh ex thusiasm, that noble ejaculation of Alfred Tennyson— “Better Atty years of Europe ‘Than a cycle of Cathay!’ With this revealed extravagance confronting them amidst the torests ot Texas, will the people of the United States abandon themselves blindly to the fascinating allvrements of the wealth said to be stored 1n the soil of California? From the bold and legible statistics given by President Polk, in his farewell message, it 18 clear that the emoluments arising to the State, and the comforts simultaneously enjoyed by the population, in consequence of the adoption of a reduced ant amended tarifl, have exceeded even the most san- guine anticipations. Here, then, is a solid bottom upon which to build up the financial hopes of the Union. But with California, it is impoasible not to perceive that everything as yet is merely vision- ary. Even the most moderate estimates of the mi- neral riches buried in those newly acquired territo- nies bear the stamp of the most preposterous exag- eration. Among these, not the least remarkable is the official despatch forwarded to Washington by Colonel Mason, the officer in command at Monte- rey—a difpatch which has reached this country with the last intelligence received from the United States, and which is published in extenso by our- selves in another portion of this evening’s impres- sion. Were we to believe the accounts given and evidently credited by this very sunguine gentleman, we should certainly be compelled to regard the boyish blunder of Sir Richard Whittington, in imagining the possibility of the streets of Loadon being paved with gold, as being not by any means as ridiculous as may have been hitherto conceived. The document signed by the commanding officer at Monterey oad have made the mouth of Elwes water. He talks of the most precious products of the earth as abounding like dirt. His delineation of the two hundred men washing for gold in the American Fork, called the Mormon Digging, re- minds one of the magnificent accounts furnished by Orme of the treasuries in the palace of Moor- ahedabad. Every circumstance in the precess of pu- Tification 18 lingered over with the intensest relish; the men working in the broiling heat of the tropics —sitting the alluvial deposites ofthe stream in per- forated tn pans, in the willow baskets woven by the hands of the Red Indians, or in rude rocking machines known among the initiated as cradies— straining off the mingled gold and dust through the augur holes into a receptable below, and then blowing away the sand as the husks are blown away by the breath of the winnow. sto the pro- ducts of such strange labor, it 1s estimated by Col. Mason, that a party of four men employed in this manner in the lower mines, average one hundred dollars per diem. Even the gold mines in the in- terior of Russia pale in_ their splendour before the glittering eartn of California. Employing the undoubted productiveness of the country qe, forfeited by Mexico, and employing that productiveness rationally, the United States may ultimately derive extraordinary. ld ow from the acquisition. But plunging into who! sale speculation, like the dupes of the South Sea Delusion, they can only reap, the miseries of beg- gary and embarrassament. ‘e are the more dis- posed to insist upon this from a sense that the in- creasing enthusiasm which 1s already manifested throughout the United States in regard to the mines of California is an angury of the expansion of abubble. formerly the progress of such an ex- pansion would have been watched with a kind of Jealous satisfaction ; but now that the interests of difierent powers are becoming every day more and more blended together, it can only be observed with pain and anxiety. ‘The Corn Trade of Europe. ¥rom the London Mercantile Gazette, Dec. 29.] ‘he Christmas holiday: re, a8 usual, interfered a ith the regalar course of business ; and jood deal w! this jn commercial phraseology, is | im Mii nothing os be 7 was _ neq ly, but spare materi: gard to business operations, asd devote @ portion of our space to the con- we ma sideration of the probable future fluctuations in the value of corn. The experience we have hitherto had trad t been looked upoi lat of February, 1849, all grain imported would be admitted free. Such being the case, it may be pearance of Up to the present time, the id and wet to be altogether far tit report does wot p0 potty, sf the otwithstanding the diMouities which farm- toencounter, th owing hes been, on the whole, managed tolerably Should the fields, bout Mareb and April, preseata favorable aspeat, should probably have « further fallin quotations, but the interval we expect prevent rates to be about mai taiued The tupplies of home growa wheat into This veseel will, probably, be condemned. Th Londen bave been very small throughout the week; ner bay (he quantity extibited, at Mark lane, by