The New York Herald Newspaper, September 11, 1848, Page 2

NEW YORK HERALD. THIS EVENING. PARE THEATRE. Masunrn Sionona Ci0eCA ANDSIGNOR Wen1—Box anp Cox, BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Desrauction or THm Bas- Tae—Cuaries XII. BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway—Jack Cave—Is He JraLovs? \FIONAL THEATRE, Chatham Street —Mvsren ieee ay New Yorx—Misraxxy STORY, AND Oaxixicn. ‘NIBLOS, ASTOR PLACE—L’Exisime D'Awone. BURTON'S THEATRE, Chambers Street—-Comvs—Poom Puuicoppy—Carrune oy Carrain Currie. €ASTLE GARDEN—Municat Ent en raremente, SOCIETY LIBRARY—Camracrs's Mrvernere, MINERVA ROOMS—Tavion’s Camparona, PANORAMA HALL—Banvann's Panoramas, MELODEON—Macic Mvericim awp Vinomta Senena- ‘DERS. . TABBRNACLE—Monavian Mrvetreis Concent. New York, Monday, September 11, 1848, IES AND Hia.ay ‘The publication of the Herald commenced yesterday at 15 minutes past 8 o'clock, and finished at 7 o'eloc Our Foreign Correspondence. The great press of localnews does not give us much space, this morning, for our foreign corres- | pondence. The Dreadful Fire in Brooklyn. One of the most terrible and destructive fires that has occurred in this quarter since the great fire of 1845, broke out on Saturday night in Brook- dyn, and has laid im ashes a considerable portion of that city. We have given as full and detailed an account of its origin, progress, and awful ravages as circumstances would permit; but in such an extensive and overwhelming a calamity, it is, as yet, impossible to speak with that accuracy and completeness which would be desirable. About two hundred and fifty houses, three churches, and the post office, were totally de- stroyed, and the ruins, which present a most me- lancholy and desolate appearance, extend over an area of ten or twelve acres. It is estimated that property amounting to over a million of dollars, has been destroyed, and that upwards of six hun- dred individuals have been burnt out of their homes. It is impossibie, however, to state, at present, the precise number. This 1s the third great fire that has occurred here during the last thirteen years. The first oc- curred mn 1835, when six hundred houses were burnt down, and property to the amount of twenty- five millions of dollars was destroyed. The se- cond occurred ten years afterwards, in 1845, when about two hundred houses were burnt, and pro- perty to the amount of six millions of dollars van. ished in the flames. It is rather singular, too, that the collection for the unfortunate sufferers by the late great fire at Albany, had scarcely closed in this city and Broooklyn, when this, the third great fire shed its lurid glare over the “city of the churches,” and blighted the prospects, and de- solated the homes, of hundreds of her industrious citizens. We understand that Brooklyn, with tha; liberality and sympathetic feeling which have al -ways characterised her in deeds of public charity and benevolence, contributed no less than five thousand dollars towards alleviating the sufferings of those who were burnt out in Albany. We are confident, therefore, now that distress has befallen her, that this will be remembered throughout the whole extent of this great country, and that every city inthe Union will come forward with promptitude and generosity, and extend to her af- flicted citizens, who have been burnt out of their homes and despoiled of their ell, that timely aid of which they stand so much in need. This is a work which calls for the sympathy and assistance of all classes of the community, of the ci. tizens of every State inthe Union, for no one knows when asimilar calamity may betall themselves; and we feel assured that we only echo the general feel- } ing of the couuntry, in calling upon the chief magis- trates of every city of the United States to con- vene a public meeting in their respective jurisdic- tions, that an opportunity may be given to the hu- mane and the benevolent to come to the rescue of their brothers in distress. InFivence or THE Free Som Movement on Tue Free Srares.—As we have already stated, the result of the Vermont election affords an index to the intentions of voters at the ensuing election, in the States north of ‘Mason and Dixon’s line.”’ ‘The Veimont election shows that while the whig party stands firm, and that the full vote of that party, with few exceptions, apparently trifling, will be given to General Taylor, the free soil move- ment has operated to distract and divide the de- mocratic party in the northern States. It beeomes important, therefore, to look at the numerical strength of the non-slaveholding States an the electoral colleges, and their political charae- ter at the Presidential election of 1844. The following table furnishes the information required : Democratic Free States is 1844. Electoral aed for Abolition vote Vote Potk. in 1844. Maine..... 9 11,841 3,835. New Hamprhire. 6 9,294 4,161 New York .. 26 5,106 15,812 6,333 8.138 2314 2,166 92 3,570 Michigan 466 3,632 New States Dem. maj., 1848 lowa «4 1,000 Ww: 4 5,008 ‘Total. 1 The abolitionists and free soil men are very strong in fowa and Wisconsin, and Van Buren will doubtless pole a heavy democratic vote in each of these States Wrie Fare States is 1844, Eliteral Majority for Abolition Votes Clay. Vote. 3.064 10,880 Connecticut . 1943 New Jerse 31 | Onto, eee is 5,940 8,050 | Total... Total electoral votes of the’ tree States, 169, results in the other free it we suppose simils States atthe Presidential eleeion in November, to those which we see have tak en place m Ver mont at the same clection, viz.: wat the free soil question affects only the democratic party—di- viding them between Cass and Van Buten—while the whig party is comparatively unarmed by that movement, we may conclude that General Taylor has a fair prospect of obtaining the ¢ oral votes of all the free States, except, perhaps, New h'amp- hire and Illinois, where the democratic plurality may be considered too large to be annihilated by the votes given to Van Buren The same, we think, cannot be said of Maine, as in 1846 the democratic plurality was only 4,919, on the vote for Governor, and the free soil party is very strong in that State. If, therefore, we deduct AMERICAN NEWSPAPER ENTERPRISE, THE NEW YORK HERALD ESTABLISHMENT, Description of the Premises. de. de. &e The inerease in the circulation of the New Yorx Herat, within the last year or two, has been so great, that we found ourselves obliged to make great alterations in our establishment to meet the increased demand. To do this required not only the purchase of new presses, steam engines, and machinery, but various other additions, altera- tions, and improvements, requiring a vast outlay of money. ‘The new presses have been in operation for some time past, and the alterations and improvements in our establishment were undertaken with the de. termination to have them as complete and perfect asartcould make them. They are now nearly finished; and we venture to say that our premises are the ne plus ultra of newspaper establishments on this side of the Atlantic; and we doubt very much if they are excelled by any in Europe—not even excepting those of the London Times. We nave thought a description of our establish- ment would not be uninteresting; so we give one in to-day’s paper. It is annexed. We begin at the foundation—sixteen or seven- teen feet under ground : THE HERALD NEWSPAPER PRESS ROOM, —in which the Dairy, Weexty, Evnorean, and Extra editions of the Henaxp are printed, is alarge vault on Nassau street, twelve feet wide, eighty feet long, and fourteen feet from the floor to the crown of the arch, and rendered nearly as light asan upper room, by Hyatt’s patent crystal vault lights, nine of which are Placed in the sidewalk. At night, it is brilliantly and beautifully lighted with twenty gas burners. It is ven- tilated by apertures, two feet jsquare, cut horizontally from the apex of the arch, and communicating with the area. Through these apertures there is a continual current of fresh air, keeping the vaults both dry and wholesome. In this immense vault, which is entirely under the sidewalk and street, is a steam engine, boiler, and two of Hoe’s last fast or rotary presses, either of which presses is capable of throwing off 10,000 to 12,000 im- Pressions per hour. In the east end ef the vault is situated the large tubular, or locomotive, boiler. The coals used for generating the steam in this boiler, are taken through an opening in the sidewalk, down an inclined plane, into the counter-cellar of the main building. They are thence taken out through an opening three feet square, cut through the foundation wall et the building, and communicating directly with the front of the boiler. The occupied in the counter-cellar for coals is about one quarter of the whole, and capable of containing forty to fifty tons. Within three feet of the boiler, stands the engine, which is one of Hoe’s improved upright ten horse power machines—a most splendid specimen of the per- fection to whieh this description of machinery is | brought. Next to this,and over head, are the large shafting and pulleye, from which belts run to drive the presses on which the Heraty is printed, aswell as machinery in other parts of the building. Next isa doorway, cut through the foundation wall, communi. cating with the main building, and by a winding stair way, with the street, and through which the forms of type, as they come from the “ composing room,” in the fifth story above the street, or seventh from the press yault—a distance of seventy-five to eighty feet—are taken to the pres: ‘The press consists of a centre frame work, about five feet diameter, more or less, inside of which is a cylin- der four and a half feet diameter, which revolves upon itsownazle. Ona segment of this cylinder the formsof type, or beds in which the type are fastened, and which constitute both bed and chase, are placed’ and fastened with large bolts on the under side. At nearly equal distances around this large inner cylin- | der, four other smaller cylinders are placed—two on | either side—which also revolve upon theirown axles. Each one of these smaller cylinders receives from the hand ef its supplying attendant the sheet of white paper, with which, at every third revelution, it meets the form of type as it comes round, and, in passing gives the impression, and instantly throws it out be- tween guiding tapes, or bands made of gutta percha, into the receivers’ hands; two of the cylinders receiv- ing the sheet above and throwing it out below, and the opposite two receiving it below and throwing it out above. Around the large inner cylinder, and be- tween each of the smaller ones, are placed the inking rollers, which vibrate across all that part of the surface of the large cylinder not oc- cupied by the type, and which spread the ink upon the form of type, as it passes beneath them. Theman- | ner of supplying the rollers with ink is altogether dif- | ferent from that adopted in presses of the same kind previously built. 1m those, the ink is contained in a fountain under the press, and is carried by rollers to the surface of the large cylinder, from which the ink- | ing rollers are supplied. In ours, the ink is contained in a copper reservoir attached to the top frame of the press, and is thence conveyed, through a copper pipe, to the end of the axle of the large inner cylinder. Pass- ‘ng into the axle te near its centre, it is thence con- veyed through a pipe to @ small fountain, running across the distributing surface, and revolving with it— the roller of the fountain touching the inking rollers as it passes under them, and giving to each its pro- per quantity of ink, which is distributed by the vibra- tion of the inking rollers upon the large surface of the inner cylinder—the vibration ceasing while the form is pasting under them, and commencing again imme ediately after it has parsed, Over the centre of the press a large round iron bat parses across the vault, either end being securely fas- tened into the wall. A small iron roller, whose edge is grooved to fit this bar, rests upon it, to which is at tached a common tackle. With this the forms of type are hoisted up, run over to the centre of the press, and lowered down upon it. Next to this is another press, of precisely the same description. The room oceupied by each of these machines, paper boards, and all, included, isfabout sixteen feet in length and nine feet high, by about eight feet in width. To attend to these presses, the engine, boiler, &c., seven- teen persons are required, viz : a superintendent and arsistant at night, with four to feed sheets in, and four to receive them as they come out; and s fireman, & superintendent and fireman, inthe day time, with two to feed sheets in, and two to receive them as they come out—one-half of the night hands assisting one day, and the other half the next, alternately, Immediately connected with the vault on Nassau street, is one on Fulton street, twenty-five feet long fourteen feet wide, and fourteen fect high. In thi, vault all the paper is stored, wet, and prepared for the press. The paper is prepared in the following man- ner bundle of two reams of dry paper is placeg upon a table close by the “wetting trough.”” The person who wets it stands immediately in front of the trough, and takes one quire of dry paper from the bundle at bi side, and draws it quickly through the water, the back of the quire striking the water first, and lays it down smoothly ona table at the opposite side of th» trough. In this manner he proceeds until the whole js wet. After the paper has lain one day, it is then opened out to its full size, the “backs broken,” and Weight put upon it In twenty-four hours, more or less, it becomes evenly wet, pressed smoothly, and ready for the press, By the side of the stairway, or principal entrance to the vaulte, at the corner of Nassau and Fulton streets | \# an inclined plane, upon which the paper istaken in- the vault. ‘The paper is put into a box at the top of the plane, and is curried down. A rope running over # pulley at the top of the plane, with a balance weight attached, draws the box up, and it is again ready to be filled. All the doors communicating with the vaults are of iron, #0 that when ehut, the vaults are fire proof. THE COUNTERS’ OR SELLERS’ ROOM. Attached to the press-room is the office appropriated to counting, selling, and packing, the various editions of the New York Henaiv—a conveniently arranged room, furnished with counters, drawers, closets, &e., and from which speaking trumpets, or tubes, commu. nicate with the principal offices in the building. Jt is the business of the person in charge to keep from day t. dey, a full account of the papers printed the votes of New Hampshire and Illinois, there are till left 168 clectoral votes of the free States for Teyler—being a sajorty of 16 of the entire vates of the electoral colleges of the Union, say- ang nothing of the slave Stater the sales, &e , and enter the same in a large “ Publica. tion Book’’ pr.-vided for the purpose. Here are also a certais number of copies of every edition published, and whic. are, at proper interv: for future refere' ‘one for the carriers, anit phe other for the mewsboys: bound up | continuous apart . Adjoiming thisroom are two others | disti fitted with folding tables, &c.—the whole being well | latter by the chief editor and proprietor, as a sanctum Nghted with gas. Shortly after 3 o'clock in the morn- | senctorum. The ing. the regular carriers, numbering twenty-two men, | editors is thirtee: or two assistants.) arrive | amd various—often arduous. They are sub-divided (each of whom employs o: at the office for their papers. There are supplied through ber of reporters and assistant Their duties are multitudinous imto police reporters, law reporters, Court of Sessions openings made in the partition, and which, working on | reporters, city item reporters, writers of commercia) spring, can be opened or closed at pleasure. The carriers are served in regular order—those whose route® are far up-town get their papers first, and those near the offiee last, The following are the names of the carriers :— Wards 1. W. Marshall, Wards 12. Blackman, “2. B. England, “13. W. Farrin, “3. W. Marshall, “14 8. Terry, «4, Thos. Pritchard, « 15, J. MeGowan, “5. M. England, «16. J. MeNie, “ 6.3. Tyson, “ 17. A. Houseworth, “ 7d, Price, “18. —— MeNie, “8. M. England, Williamsburg—W. Powell, “ 9 — Horton, Brooklyn, —— Lusk, “ 10. J, Bush, “ H Green, “ 11,4. Day, Jersey City—D. Mehan. All papers must be paid for on delivery, either in casb,or by tickets purchased the day previous; and thus far it will appear that the carriers serve the papers on their own account. It should, however, be borne in mind that they are always subject to repremand or diemiseal, in case of neglect or misconduct, They are, however, generally speaking, steady, industrious men, who understand their business. The newsboys come next, The supply of papers is generally obtained by “ boys ofa larger growth,” who furnish them to the younger ones, at a small advance on the cost price. To # person unacquainted with this business, it would appear almost incredible how profitable it can be made. Altogether, we believe that this department of the Hrnaxo alone furnishes employ, ment for over 150 persons. From the counting room, also, are dally dispatched large packages of Hxnauys, to almost every city and town in the Union, also to Canada, Mexico, &. Of these, perhaps. it is sufficient to mention our Phila” delphia agent's bundle, numbering, daily, 1,250 copies ; and of {the Weexty no lees than two thousand four hundred copies are sent every week to our agents at Boston. Indeed, we believe we are justified in stating that several of these gentlemen date their first suc. cessful start in busines, from the time they became agents for the New Yorx Henatp. Annexed Isa list of our regular agent: aGenT’s &c. New Orleans, J. C. Morgan Boston, Redding, Charleston, ad, «? Hochkias, Augusta, M, “Wiley, Matamoras, J. A. Little, “ — W.R Davis, Galveston, W. Wilcox, “E,W, Parkman, Mobile, M. Boullemet, 4 = New Bedford, W.Robinson, Loui . W. Noble, Fall River, Pope & Chace, St Louis, E. K. Woodward Stonington, F. Williams, Cincinnati, H. Robinson, Albany, P. Cook, * 8. W. Pease, « Garrett & Gilbert, Baltimore, W. Taylor, | ‘Troy, L. Willard, Washington, W. Adam, ‘Troy, A. Smith, Philadelphia, Ziober & Co. Buffalo, ‘I. S. Hawkes, A. Burke, Richmond, J.W. Randolph Schenectady, G. Clare, Pittsburg, M. P. Morse, ‘M. Miner, Syracuse, W. L. Palmer, N.Brunewick, W. Solomon “ W. R. Canniff, Newark, W. Age Utica, G. N. Beeby, Elizabethtown, Caldwell, Rochester, D. M. Dewey, Rahway, J. Pa Hudson, C. B, Nash, Trenton, J. Raunsley, New Haven, M. Downs, . Archdeacon, Hartford, A’ Rose, Halifax, N.S.. T. Bolton, TM JOB PRESS ROOM. The press room of the job department is in the base- ment, one story above the vault. Two steam cylinder presses—one 56 by 38, and the other 22 by 19 inches-- are constantly working on small bills and “posters,”’ each striking off 2000 per hour; two hand presses, a mammoth and super-royal, are also in use, and one of Hoe’s patent card presses, working off 1200 per hour. ‘The cylinder presses are so constructed that tinted bills for menageries, circusses, &c., can be done, in four colors, at a very short notice, and at 25 per cent less than was heretofore churged for them. Four hands are permanently employed in this room, with additional help, when required. In the paper room, near the presses, is one of Hoe’s best hydraulic presses, to smooth the paper after it has been printed. THE PUBLICATION OFFICE. This department may well be designated as the in- termediate link that connects the routine of this ex- tensive establishment with the editorial, the composi- tion, and the job office bureaus. As the chief medium between the respective members of each, it is necessa- rily occupied by persons who are capable of receiv- ing the public advertisements, the subscriptions of foreign and domestic applicants, giving such informa- tion, as to general subjects, as may be required at the counter, and transmitting messages through a vocal telegraph with an expedition that in a few sec- onds draws the attention of the three principal agen- cies, to the requisite points. This portion of the department consists of a cashier and book-keeper, through whose hands all transactions are conveyed, receipts signed, and cash deposited, Three persons are specially deputed to attend to the counter, convey to the cashier and assistants the pro- ceeds, and make themselves generally useful in office details. ‘The publication office is open night and day; and after a reasonable hour, the whole establishment is placed under the superintendence of a faithful watch- man, whose personal attendance will insure the inser- tion of advertisements to the latest hour of going to press. He js also responsible for such mail and tele- graphic intelligence as may be transmitted, and for the general protection of the building from fire or any other incidental occurrence. ‘This portion of the building is, equally,with the subor- dinates, under the chief supervision of a gentleman whose duties embrace the business correspondence, the regular disposition of the mails, other details inseparably connected with an establishment that requires the most active and persevering energy, through sll its intricate departments, to sustain it, THE MAIL ROOM. Among the wonders of the establishment that can- Paterten, M. Sears. the amount of business done at the office, the mail room claims @ due share of attention. As many as ten per- sons are frequently engaged at a time, in directing and posting up our mailable papers, to our many thousand subscribers, in all parts of the world. Cave Johnson and the attaches of the Post Office Department, might Profit by witnessing the regularity, dispatch and in- dustry displayed by those in our employ. Their rapidity and despatch are only equalled by the correct_ ness of direction—few, if any, of the complaints that are received by us, being attributable to any neglect at our office. This room is very spacious; it is situated on the first floor, adjoining the publication office, and is very convenient for subscribere, when inquiring how their subscription stands for the year; it is 25 feet in length and 20in breadth. It embraces everything suitable for a department of this kind,’such as books, pens, ink, &c. &c. It also contains four large desks, for the use of writing, and two large folding tables, for packing mails to be sent to all parts of the world. It is well lighted, and has five or six gas bur: in different parts of the room. It also contains a large closet, in which are deposited papers daily, commencing from the first, and #0 until the end, of each month. These files of papers { are kept on hand exclusively for the usc. of captains sailing from this harbor to other ports, ‘There are employed in this room, four mail clerks and five packers, who thoroughly understand the business of writing and transmitting mails to all part® of the Union, and likewise to foreign parts, Each one has his respective mails to attend, without inter- fering with the other. They are all provided with four large books, in which to enter subscribers’ names, from any part of the world; they are entitled North, South; East and West mail books, These books have regu- larly transcribed on them the names of subscribers of each day, from the subscription book, amounting to from 76 to 80 per day, and frequently over that number. The business of this room is divided into seve- ral departments, viz: Daily, Weekly amd Foreign, The first is the Daily department, which is under the control of two young men; the second, the Weekly department, under the management of one ; the third, the Foreign department, under the con- trol of another ; and the fourth, the Mailing depart- ment, The subscribers’ names are regularly written every day, on what are termed slips and singles; and having been written, they are laid out in rotation, one after another, according to the hour of the depar- ture of the mails from the Post Office; so that the boy” not but astonish those unacquainted with thepressand | and financial articles, market reporters, ship-news reporters, short-hand reporters, and miscellaneous re- porters. One gentleman is employed exclusively in arranging election matters, posting up, from day to day, returns from the States in which elections are held, comparing them with the results of former years, and keeping the readers of the Henan informed of the varied changes in the political world around them. ‘The ship-news department, (which is one of the most important of the paper) is under the management of one gentleman, who devotes the whole of his time and attention to it ; and who, by long service and assi- duity, bas so systematized it, that no arrival or de- parture of a vessel, great or small,in any part of the world, ean take place without his knowledge In our editorial corps, we have constantly in our service three literary men as translators, whoge duties are to translate the numerous files of foreign papers that we regularly receive from South America, the West Indies, Spain, France, Germany, Italy, and other countries. Papers printed in every language are translated for our columns, by these gentlemen, as soon after their receipt as possible. ‘The commercial and financial department occupies the attention of one gentleman, whose duties are con- fined tothis branch of the paper. The articles which appear on these subjects, from day to day, form notthe least interesting feature of the literary labor bestew- ed on this journal, and are extensively quoted through- out the commercial world. This feature to a news- paper was originated in the United States by the pro- prietor of the Hxna.v. Within a few years, many other newspapers in the Atlantic cities have followed the example set before them by the Henan, toa greater or less extent, and with varied ability. In the rooms occupied by the proprietor are a num- ber of telegraphic tubes communicating with the pub- ishing office, the prees room, the printing rooms, and the apartments occupied by the assistant editors and reporters. Thet mable him to convey his instruc- tions to every part of the building at any moment; and without leaving his room places him in constant communication with reporters, printers, pressmen, &c , &e.,&e, These rooms to the Heratp Estastisument are like the ‘wheel houses” toaship. The helm isthere which guides and directs the whole. These rooms con. tain s valuable library, embraces several thousand volumes of books in every department of literature. ancient and modern, atlases,and everything else of usein the conducting ofa great newspaper establish- ment. These rooma being the sanctum, are sacred, and no intruders, or outsiders, can, under any pre- tence, be admitted into them. In the rooms comprising the remainder of those de. voted to the accommodation of the gentlemen con- nected with the editorial department, there is a library of useful works of reference, such as public documents, Presidents’ messages, reports of both houses of Con- grees, maps, charts, histories, dictionaries of different languages, &c. &, The internal police of these rooms is arranged in a systematic and complete manner, Each one has a desk to himself, with a gas light, abun- dance of pens, paper and ink, and every convenience for preserving his memoranda, papers, &c. &c. Attached to this, as well as to every other depart- ment of the Heraup, are a complete set of water closets, on the most,improved principle, a set of tele- graphic tubes leading to every part of the establish- ment, and the Croton water pipes are connected with it, to which hose can be attached at a moment's notice, in the event of a fire breaking out. ‘THE HERALD JOB PRINTING OFFICE. The composing room of this department is on the third and fourth floors of the building. In this establishment, the work done for six regular theatres, and eight other places of amusement, amounts to $500 per week. Six permanent hands are employed in the composing room, anda number of ad- ditional ones often required. On the third floor, is a good assortment of book, cir- cular and neat job type; also, a collection of about a thousand wood cuts. Books and pamphlets, in Latin, English, French, Italian and Spanish, can be printed at short notice. The.fourth floor, measuring 40 by 18 feet, is the principal job office. In it are 21 stands for composi- tors, four large stones for the making up of forms, and all chases and furniture necessary to such an establish- ment. One side and one end of the room are occu- Pied by shelving, on which is arranged an extensive assortment of wooden type, measuring from one to twenty-two inches indepth. Inthe cases are metal types, from nonpareil to six line pica. Attached to this room is aslide and machinery to lower down the forms to the pressroom, THE PROOF READING ROOM. ‘To the right of the stairway, and immediately oppo- site the jobbing room, on the fourth story, is situated the reading room, on the windows of which is legibly painted “ Night Office,”’ where the proof readers cor- rect the errors committed by the compositors in the work of composition, This department engages the labor of four persons, who are employed at desks run- ning the entire length of the room, lighted brilliantly at night by jets of gas. To the right of the door, in this room, are large closets, with shelves and pigeon- holes, for the reception of the copy of all matter which has appeared in the Hrrav, and which is preserved carefully, for future reference. Inanother part of this room are “racks,” for the reception of spare “cases,”” capable of holding thirty-six pair or seventy-two single“ cases.” Opposite the entrance, and to the left on entering, is a bed room, with com- fortable accommodations for the assistant foreman, who is at all times in readiness for whatever news may arrive after the paper has gone to pre: THE HERALD COMPOSING ROOM. We now ascend, from the reading room, a flight of stairs at the northwest of the building, into the com- posingroom. ‘his room extends the whole length and breadth of the building, and is considered by those well versed in such matters, one of the handsomest and most convenient in the United States, or in the world, It is in this room that all the types for the newspaper are set; and, to render it suitable for the purpose to which it is adapted, no expense has been spared to Procure every facility that genius could invent, ‘The visiter is astonished, on arriving here, to behold such great number of men engaged in, apparently, s0small a compass, when compared with other branches of industry; but the exceeding nicety in the arrange- ment and disposition of every body and every thing, explains the mystery. Commencing at the northwest extremity of the room, at the head of the stairs, we find a single stand or skeleton desk, on which the cases containing type are placed; on the left of this stand, and partially projecting over the stair-way, is a “stand- ing galley,” on which the perron filling this stand places his type, or, technically speaking, “ his matter;”” this is for the accommodation of the person who at- tends to the composition of the ship news, Along the two sides of the room fronting on Nassau and Fulton streets, there are twenty-one double stands, at any of which two compositors can work without in- commoding each other. These stands are arranged back to back, and, holding two pair of cases each, have somewhat the appearance of miniature houses, or tents, pitched in @ line, with streets passing between them. Over each stand is a quarto- pronged gas pipe, thus affording a light directly of this desk is what is called = standing galley, upon ‘an entirely new and novel plan. It is composed brass, and isof a crescented shape, being six tiers in height and twelve in length, each strip holding over » column of the New Youx Henaxd, and the whole gal- ley being capable of holding over seventy-two columns, Over this immense galley is a long shelf, on which stands the clock. Beneath tl shelf, and just above the galley, are a variety of pigeon-holes, in which leads, rules, fluge, and the various other small imple- ments of the profession, are deposited. Ia the frame- work of this galley are a number of racks, similar to thoee in the compositors’ stands, in which cases con- taining the fancy, or display, type are placed, as also portable wooden galleys, containing what is techni cally termed “ dead matter,” or types which have been already printed upon, and are now for distribution ; in addition, there are also three mastodon or “font cases,” (ho'ding about eight times as much as a pair of common eases,) in which the superfiuous type is placed after the cases have been filled. At the end of this standing galley is another galley, or rather flight of shelves, upon which the small galleys, containing the matter which has been proved, are placed, also those galleys containing matter awaiting an oppor_ tunity to be put into the paper. ‘We next come to the trap, or fall, through which the pages of the newspaper are lowere d into the press room, six stories, a distance of full 80 feet, which is done by simply running over a wheel a rope, at one end of which isa balance weight, which renders the hoisting and lowering of the forms comparatively easy, Connected with this fall, we find another bell, anda tube, or trumpet, through which communication is carried on with those in the press-room: The next article which strikes the eye, isa proof press, of the latest invention. The way of taking proofs on this press, is:—the galley beinglaid upon the bed, and the type inked with a small hand roller, » sheet of paper is placed upon the face of the type, and a heavy iron cylinder, or roller, is turned over the gal- ley, and the proof is taken without any further trou. ble; beneath the bed, or place whereon the galley reste, is a box containing the paper and inking apparatus, and underneath this box is another, containing the quoins and side-sticks, the whole ocoupying about three feet by eighteen inches of room. At the end of this press is a standing galley, constructed for the convenience of compositors, in emptying their matter upon the small or proof galleys. This galley has three sides, and three tiers of shelves on each side. In the corner isa small closet,in which wrenches, files, chisels, oil, &c., are kept; and on the right is an- other dumb-waiter, with a couple of travelling boxes connecting with the reading room below. In these boxes all copy is placed after having been set up in type, and sent down to the readers, in order that they may compare the printed proofs with the original copy,and see that they correspond. We now pass into a small room partitioned off in the north western corner of the building, where we find every conve. nience necessary te the cleanliness and com- fort of the persons engaged in this story. In addition to hydrants, wash- bowls, and water-closets, there is a large tub, lined with zinc, and filled with strong ley, ymwhich the ink and oil are washed frem the types, after they have been jtaken out of the form. Above this tub isa trough, in which the galleys containinS the metal are placed, after having been thoroughly washed with the ley, and all the ley and dirt that may remain, rinsed with fresh water from the Croton.— Another great convenience is a large reservoir, or tank, containing some ten hogsheads of water, for when there is not sufficient force upon the Croton to bring the water up so high; for the fame purpose, there is also arotary pump, with a power sufficient to force up water from the street when necessary. By means of this libersl supply of water, the closets are always washed perfectly clean, the office is kept thoroughly sweet and healthy, and all the gar- bage, dirty water, &c., is carried off through leading pipes into the sewer in Fulton street. In the centre of the composing room, there is equi- distant between the large brass standing galley and the compositors’ stands, twelve small tables, resting ‘upon castors or rollers, for the convenience of moviag them from one end of che room to another. Each one of these tables is furnished with a fly-leaf galley, upon which the small galleys are placed for the convenience of the foreman who makes up the forms. Upon each of these tables is placed the bed, or ‘‘turtle,”* into which the types for a page of the Heraup are placed, after having been set up, read, corrected, and made ready for the press. There is as much difference between this style of making up a form, as there is between writing and engraving. Instead of the types being placed upon 8 level stone, column by the side of column, and then “Jocked up,” or tightened, as formerly, the column rules are how stationary at the top, centre, and bottom of the page, andare fastened by means of grooves, into the bottom of the bed ; the types are placed between the rules as before, but they rest upon a cylindrical surface, or in plain words, upon @ portion of a cylin- der, which revolves with the type in it when upon the Press. A strip of iron passes along the outer side of the page, and is pressed against the outside column by means of six ecrews, which run through the outer shell or edge of the box; but, at the bottom, each column is locked up separately, by a screw which presses against an iron “slug,” thereby giving to each column a distinct and separate lock-up, instead of locking them all up together, as formerly. It is contended by some who do not even fully comprehend the theory of this invention, that it will take a person twice as long to impose a form in this as in the old way; but from ex- perience, we are confident that it will not, upon an average, make @ difference of many minutes in the imposition of the Hrraxp, Instead of the lubberly and inky-looking stones, we now have something neat and handy. Mallets, shooting-sticks, and quoins have been discarded, and their places have been filled by wrenches and screws. Instead of having to drag and carry heavy forms about, the table containing a page ready for the press is wheeled up to the fall, the rope is hooked on, and the form lowered, without any diMoulty or straining on the part of the printer. We formerly had seven unwieldy stones in this room, upon which the forms of the Dairy, Werxty, HeraLp ror Evrorr, &c., were imposed—we now have but one stone left, and that is merely used as @ receptacle for matter for distribution. To show the great increase of the business in this de- partment alone, we will remark, that four years ago there were employed here fourteen regular compositors; one foreman, who read all the proof sheets, with aman to hold the copy for him; one assistant foreman, who im- posed the forms, under the superintendence of the foreman, andone boy. There are now twenty-seven regular compositors; two proof readers, with copy hold- ers; two assistant foremen, and a lad—the whole being under the supervision of @ principal foreman. In addition to this number, there are some thirty men who depend altogether upon the extra work, and the work during the absence of the regular hands, in this room, ‘© majority of them making from ten to twelve dollars a week, and often not working over three or four days out of the seven, at that. This room is lit up inthe day time by fourteen large ‘windows, fronting on Nassau and Fulton streets, (each window containing twelve pains of glass,) and a gigan- tic cupola in the centre of the roof, containing ninety- six lights; in the small room, or wash cupboard and water clorets, there are also two windows, one looking west and the other north. At night, the whole of this immense room is magnificently illuminated by fifty. three gas-burners, giving it a most beautiful appear” ance. over each one of the four pair of cases, In the lower part of these stands are racks, or slider, in which the compositor can place his cases when he wishes to change from one font, or size, of type to another, a thing which is often rendered necessary, as there are three different sizes used in the composition of the paper, viz: minion, the largest; nonpareil, the next; and agate, the smallest. Each man, therefore, has six cases (three pairs) to take care of. Along the back, or wall, side of the room, beginning at Fulton street, and proceeding in the direction of Ann, about five feet from the window on Fulton, we find, against the wall, @ box or dumb waiter, which ex- tends from the counting-room through five stories, a distance of sixty feet, and through which communi- cation is had with all the rooms bei h, It contains of the department who fold the papers, understand when the mails are to he deposited in the Post Office. We challenge any mailing department to beat us, fot correctness, rapidity and dispatch. in writing or mail- ing papers, to be sent to any part of the world. THE KDITORIAL DEPARTMENT. The editorial rooms of this establishment occupy the second story of this building, and consist of six rooms—four leading into each other, and forming & nt, and two oth re, separate and by themselves. The former are oceupied by & number of assistant editors and reporters ; and the ‘two tin boxes, into which copy for the composing room is placed, and hoisted up, one box descending while the other ascends—thus saving the trouble and annoy- ance of having to go up and down stairs so often. By the side of this dumb waiter are tin tubes, or speaking trumpets, through which conversation may be carried on with persons either in the editorial or counting 100) nd over the trumpet is placed a small bell: with a wire connecting with the Sditorial room, the ringing of which attracts attention when anything Is required, By the side of this box or dumb waiter is the desk of the foreman, sosituated that he can com, mand 6 view of thy whole establishment. At the end The above is a complete view of the Herat Burvines. It will give the public some idea of the inside of our establishment. Since our return from Europe, we have expended upwards of forty thousand dollars in the construction of vaults, machinery, type, additions to the w; per part of the building, &c., He., $c. ; and we have yet much to do. We consider the Herald as the most complete newspaper cs- teblishment now in existence ; but the world is advancing with rapid strides, and we must move along with equal rapidity, Indeed, we must be a little in advance of the age. Our cirenlation 18 daily on the increase, and when our present supe- TELEGRAPH:C INTELLIGENCE. Important from Yucatan, &e. New Organs, Sept. 9, 1848, We have received advices from Campeachy (Yucatan) to the 27th ult, The whites have been everywhere successful throughout the penimsula, and Yuoatan has been: re-united to Mexico. Mexico has offered a full 'pardon to the Indians, on condition of their ceasing hostilities. Mexico. is to pay Yucatan $140,000. Our markets are dull. Frightful Accident and Loss of Life. There was a dreadful accident, yesterday afternoon’ on the corner of Eighth street and Avenue B. It had been announced that the Right Rev. Bishop Hughes would perform the services of the laying of the corner stone ef @ new Catholic Church, to be erected at the corner of those streets, and this drew a large crowd together to witness the ceremony. The walls of the basement had been built, and the floor laid over the timbers. About 4 o’clock, from eight hundred to one thousand persons collected on this floor, when one ef the walls, about eight inches thick and not very strongly built, gave way, and was pressed out by the great weight upon it, precipitating the mars of human beings into the basement below, a distance of twelve feet, and against the front wa'l amidst the falling brick and timber. The scene of confusion and despair that followed can more eusily be imagined than desoribed. About fifty persons were taken out more or less hurt. Some were very seriously injured. Two were taken immediately to the City Hospital. One man, named Patrick Kelly, was se much crush- ed that what he had eaten for dinner was forced out of his mouth. Although there were no outward bruises, yet he died soon after, probably from some internal injuri One boy had both legs broken, and there is very lit- tle reason to believe that he will recover. Jane Burns had her right leg badly fractured. Hector McDougall also had his right leg badly frac- tured. ‘Another man was injured in the spine Tue British West Invra IsLanps.—ARRIVAL oP vue Man, Streamer Severn.—The West India British mail steamer Severn, Capt. Vincent, arrived yesterday morning, three days from Bermuda. On the 23d of August a severe hurricane visited Antigua, which destroyed the entire place, up- rooting trees, blowing down the houses, &e. It was also felt at St. Thomas, but with little damage; and at Nassau, N. P., it was felt with considerable severity, and, itis supposed, passed through all the West India Islands; but no ac- counts from any, except those already mentioned, had been received up to the departure of the Severn. The Severn’s accounts from Jamaica are some- thing later, extending to about the Ist inst. Things: were quiet, but an allusion is made to an insur- rection among the blacks, which had been sup- Pressed. This is probably an error. ‘Theatrical and Musical. Parx Tuxatrx.—We perceive, by the advertise- ments and bills, that the old standard prices of this theatre are reduced. This change has taken place at the request of the friends and patrons of the drama, and in accordance with the demands and spirit of the age. As the lamented Simpson is dead, it is proper his old prices should die with him. Accordingly, it ia done, and the Park, now in its new guise, we may say, truly, one of the most superb and elegant the- atresin the world§is open to all the world on the cheap{system. Until this change, the pit here was never below. fifty cents ; it is now reduced to three bits. “Macbeth” is sclected as the play far this evening, in which Mr. Hamblin himself appears as the hero. “ Box and Cex,” with other attractive entertainments, follow, such as cannot fail to attract and gratify the ublic. We had nearly forgotten the grand “ Pas de euse,”” by Signora Ciocca and Signor Neri, whose peautiful dancing, every evening, draws down the loudest applause. They will also execute a Spanish dance, “ El Bolero de Cadiz,” which will conclude the entertainments. Tne Bowery Tueatre is in full tide of prosperity and success. This evening promises to be a grand gala night at this favorite establishment. A new drama of thrilling interest is to be produced, entitled the “Destruction of the Bustile.”’ Rumor, with ite hundred tongues, speaks much in favor of this piece’ anda run is anticipated for it, such as seldom has been known in the annals of New York theatricals, It has been no less than two months in preparation, and the cast of characters is such as to guarantee the highest success. No expense has been spared, andthe public may be prepared for witnessing, at this theatre to-night, something great, *plendid, gorgeous and un- common. : Broapway Tueatre.—The success of this theatre? since the engagement of Mr. Forrest, is unparalleled. Every night the house is filled to its utmost capacity, to see the great American tragedian in his round of char- acters. The entertainments, thisevening, commenc® with the tragedy of ‘‘Jack Cade, or the Kentish Rebel- lion,”* in which Mr. Forrest will sustain the character of Jack Cade. The ether prominent parts will be filled by Mies F. Wallack, Mrs. Abbott, Messrs, Dyott, Fre- dericks, Vache, Andrews, and the rest of an exeel- lent stock Wietead After the M’lle, Celeste and Mons. Wiethoff, will dance a grand pas de deuz: and the amusements will close with thi tite comedy of fe Jealous?”’ in which Dyott ‘iss J. Diek- inson, Mra. Abbott and Mrs, Watts, will appear. This is an attractive bill, and will, no doubt, draw another full house. Persons should go early to secure seats, for it is very li during the e: mnt of Mr. For- is an ental rest, who blished favorite, that the assem- blages will be very large. tior presees willnot answer the demands made upon them, we must obtain faster and better, and still more peitect, machinery, Onwarp, 1s the woru, Ixcemiovs FRavp.—An ingenious mode of de- frauding the revenue was detected on board the steamer Senator yesterday, by the officers of the provineial revenue. ‘Two tierces, apparently filled with onions, and three barrels with beans and three with flour, were opened, and. inside of each wasfound a caek containing American rum, which fitted so tightly as to only room fur a small quantity of the articles mentioned. The fraud was most skilfully planned, and aptly illustrates the we of old smugglers,—St. Brune wicker. National Tuxatre.—The crowded state of this theatre every evening since the production of the new local drama is proof positive of the hold this kind of drama has taken on publio favor. Mose and Sykesey are the great favorites of the day, and their appearance omthe stage is always the algnal for applause; in this Piece, however, the other scenes and characters are all 80 amusing, and ¢o well acted, that the excitement is kept up throughout, and we may truly say that the “Mysteries and Miseries”’ are as popular as the famour “Tom and Jerry”? was in years yone by; indeed more popular, as the local character of the scenes enables every one to fully appreciate their correctness. In addi+ tion to the great feature of the evening, Chanfrau eacl? night produces two or three other most amusing pieces, farces or dramas. To-night, for instance, he brings or & new farce called the “Mistaken Story,” and the ver, interesting drama of “Ilelen Oakleigh,” which ‘will serve most admirably to finish up the tainments. The National not only ite Ean, but goes ahead in the theatrical race of , and as long as Chanfra own the Bunton’s Tueatny.—This elegant house has beew. doing a first rate business during the last week, crowded houses having been the rule every night. The novel of“ Dombey and Son’? has proved a perfect mine of wealth to Burton, and the two pieces which Mr. Brougham has so cleverly adapted from it, have beem hitherto the cards of the season. The farce of poor * Piilicoddy,” also, with Burton as tplexed seeds- man and florist, has been received with roars of lnugh- Theee pieces will, doubtiess, continue to be at- tractive for & long time to come. To night, however, @ most elegant and beautiful entertainmnt will be roduced, and that is the magnificent ‘ Masque of, Comus”, that splendid production of Milion. This “ Masque” has never as yet been in Amei we believe, and we are confident that the incelligent and refined public will pronounce it to bo the most beautiful dramatic piece ever got up, combining, as it does, the attractions of the most dignified and classical language of the immortal Milton, music, dances, ings, ke. It has been several weeks in preparation; and as itis got up under the immediate supervision of Burton and Brougham, we may, Mages hesttation, Say that it will be put on the at in feet . ner. The denutifal muric of the plece i Lt vr the dl. ad rection of Mr. Lod id Mr. Lynne takes t! rt of Comus, ‘The farce Pillicoddy,” and the « Capture of jain Cuttle,” will form the rest of the encertain- ments, Ninto’s Treatne.—This being the last night but two of the opera, and the last appearance of Signor Beneventano, we would advise tho musical dilleant: te take advantage of the eccasion, The entertain, ments will commence with the comic opera of “ L’Bli- sir Amore,” in which Madame Laborde will sustain. the character of Adina, Those who have hoard thie charming vocalist pronounce her one of the most finiched singers of the day — Her voice is n delicate soprano, but of the swectest and most cuphonions character; and her execution is rendered with such brilligncy and finish, that she may be said to have no rival inthis necessary oppendage to the delightful accomplishment of pity 8 Monsieur Laborde, too, possesses wreat vooal ability. Beneventano's supe riority in his profession demands little culogy, as his rich round toner have often delighted his hearers, old favori quirico, Will also appear, If the lovers of music resist such attract as these, Pere, at aloes to find out what will please them. ing his govern: a Uliana eyecare Li ui ) cater well for their dvusehdech tan vactve, ie eiorals Casvin Gaapew—To-night. there doingent the darden "Eton intemtine bn net y