The New York Herald Newspaper, June 11, 1848, Page 1

Whole Nu. 5121. NEW YORK, SUNDAY MORNING, JUNE 11, 1848. IMPORTANT EUROPEAN INTELLIGENCE, RECEIVED BY THE STEAMSHIP ACADIA, AT THis PORT. We published, in yesterday’s New York Herald, a telegraphic summary ef the important news re- ceived at Halifax by the steamship Acadia, and expressed to Boston by the steamer Buena Vista, Captain Jarvis, Since then, the Acadia, commanded by Captain Stone, has arrived at this port, in a passage of thirteen and three quarter days. Our advices from Liverpool and London are to the 27th ult. inclusive. The Latest News. BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. According to letters dated Prague, May 20, we are informed (says the European Times of the 27th ult.) that a message had been received from the Emperor of Austria, stating that he had re- tired from Vienna for a short time, for the benefit of his health. No further accounts had been re- ceived by the ministers. Advices from Berlin inform us that several ma- nufacturers in that city had suspended payment, and that if affairs did not take a favorable turn, the wool fair at Breslau would be removed. Hamburg letters state that mercantile aflairs are in a better position, We learn from Mayence that that city was in a state of great alarm consequent upon the aspect of political affairs. A deputation from Schleswig had gone to Rens- burg, to protest against the annexation of any part of Schleswig with Denmark. The Government Prosecutions 1 rial and Conviction of J {Krom the Liverpool Mail, May A fow minutes after ton o'clock on Friday morning, Baron Lefroy and Mr, Justice Moore took their seuts on the bench, and Mr. Mitchel was placed at the bar. He was cordially saluted by several of his friends, and whon his counsel, Mr. Holmes, took his seat, the learn- ed gentleman was greeted with a hearty cheer from the occupants of the gallery, among whom were several elegantly attired females. ‘The court was throngod in every part, and some of the most respectable and influential parties connected with the country and city endeavored, but ineffectual- ly, to obtain adinission, ‘The Jurors having answered to their names, The Arvouxsy Gexrrar stated the caso in along and able speech, and adduced evidence to prove the de- livery by the prisoner of the sentiments charged as felony. Mr. Hotmxs addressed the courton behalf of Mitch- ol. He denounced the law under which Mitchel had been arraigned, and denied the power of the English parliament to deprive Irishmen of free discussion. ‘The court repeatedly attempted to stop him, but he defied all interference with his client’s defence. Mr, Holmes then di-cussed the condition of Ireland—alleging that she was an enslaved country—that in '83 the Irish na- tion, with arms in its hands, asserted its freedom, and that’ England for ever renounced the claim to make laws to bind Ireland. The history of tho legislative union. the corruption which brought it about, and the right of Ireland to disobey, were then in rapid succes- sion discussed, Baron Lyrnoy here again interrupted Mr. Holmes, stating that the court would not permit him to pro- claim in its presence the doctrine that men might rise against the government. ‘Mr, Houses again insisted on his right, and added— Jinsist that what I affirm is good law, and you shall hear it from me. I contend not for the right of an in- dividual to rise in arms, but the right of a people. Mr. Holmes then went into the constitutional question of the people's right to redress their grievances, and liberate themselves by force of arms, the court sitting patiently all the while, and Mr. Holmes every now and then recpeating the obnoxious doctrine, and asking the court was it not law—was it not according to the con- stitution ? Statutably, according to thelaw made for his special punishment, his client might be guilty, but morally he was not guilty; he had performed the part of a good citizen, To him character was dearer than liberty, and he (Mr. H.) was there to de- fend his character, and demonstrate that no moral guilt was upon him—that England, and England alone, was guilty—guilty of the enslavement of Ireland— guilty of her peopie’s blood—the thrice guilty cause of this prosecution, I now stand, said the old man, on the verge of the grave. I plead not for my client alone, but for you and your children. He then appealed to the jury for a verdict in favor of Ireland and of liberty. Mr. Henn replied for the crown, and in the course of his observations, said he was free to admit that there were cases which would, probably, justify a people in resorting to force, when there were cases of defenco— when there was an aggression upon their liberties. Judge Moone charged the jury, who retired at a quarter past four, and had not returned when the mail left. Ireland,— hel. It was subsequently telegraphed from the Amphion frigate to the Princess steamer, after her departure from Dublin last night, that Mitchel had been found guilty. The report may be credited, as it had been sent to the government in London on the authority of the Admi- ralty agent, by electric telegraph. Terrible Massacre at Napics. On Saturday, the 13th, in the morning, at Naples, the deputies were assembled in the Salle de Monte Oli- vetto, in preparatory session, to modify the form of the oath to be tal t the opening of parliament. This oath was in these terms: “ I swear fidelity to the King and the constitution of 29th January.’’ The deputies wore opposed to this form, because it’ was not in conso- nance with the cencessions of 3d April. Saturday and Sunday passed in negotiations. Inthe evening, at ole- ven o'clock, it was announced that the King would not modify the forn The deputies, to the number of 80, met, declared themselves in permanence, and sent a deputation to the King to treat as to a modification. The King re- fused. The National Guard went in great numbers to Monte Olivetto to persuade the deputies to persevere. About midnight another deputation was sent to the palace, when the King demanded time. A modification of the oath waa then proposed, in which a reservation of the rights conferred by the decree of the 3d of April should be made. ‘The King pretended to accept this, but the chamber learned that the troops had, meanwhile, been ordered out, and force being thus resorted to, all conciliation ‘became impossible. Soon after midnight the National Guard commenced constructing barricades, At half- past one, the generale was beaten, and at two, the troops—infantry, cavalry, and artillery—iasued from their barracks and occupied the spaces around the palace, the castle, and the market. The King, being informed of the construction of the barricades, ordered the soldiers to withdraw, and con- sonted to the parliament being opened without any oath; this formality was to have taken place with ex- planations on the subject of the statute. The National Guard, however, refused to lower the barricades, except on the condition of the abolition of the Chamber of Peers, the surrender of the fortresses, and the removal of the troops from the capital. This being declined. the tro were again ordered out, and the squares of the palace and other places were covered with armed forces, including a great quantity of artil- lery. “Rt 9 o'clock, the Swiss troops were drawn out around the castle, At half-past 9 there was an apparent move- ment to retreat, but about 11 o'clock a musket was dis- eh «i by accident, when the National Guard, believ- ing eit etrayed. commenced firing. ‘The Swiss and the other troops then opened a mur- derous fire of musketry by battalions, and the artillery commeneed a tremendous discharge of grape ; the con- flict, in fact, became general. At the barricades of San Fernando and San Bridgida, the National Guards sustajmed a fire of musketry and artillery for three hours, without yielding an inch of ground. On the commencement, the lower orders seemed dis- sod to take the side of the National Guard; but being ffored by the King and the troops the privilege of pil- lage, they took the other side, Doors and gates of shopsand private houses were soon forced, and a general pillage and massacre commenced to cr te Rey!” T' Unheard of atrocities wore perpetrated by the lazza- roni and the troops. They rushed into the priv: houses, and massacred the inhabitants without dis- tinction of age or sex, flinging the bodies of their vie- tims from the windows. In one house were shot a father, mother, and four children, Other victims were “dragged alive through the streets, to be butchered, struck as they went slong, and insulted by the agents of the police and soldiers, who compelled them to cry Viva el Rey.’ When they refused, they were pricked in the face by the points of the bayoncts. The royal guard inurdered two sons of the Marquis Vassatori, in hifown palace ; the father went stark mad. ‘The palace was sacked, The einissaries of Del Caretto, and, ac- cortling to Kome accounts, Del Caretto himself, were employed in goading on the rabble to these acts of atrocity. Several persons known to entertain liberal opinions, wore dragged from their houses and shot. ‘The massacre continued for eight hours, The hos- pitals were filled with wounded, In one Swiss regi- ment alone there were 200 killed and wounded, of which 30 were officers, to disarm the National Guard, The aspect of the city was deplorable. It seemed to | », | bayoneted as they advanced, and hence carnage u be sonverted into one Vast tom! ‘The correspondents of the French journals say that the French admiral, Baudin, expressed the greatest indiggation at the conduct of the king, and announced that treaties and the Iaw of nations having been vio- lated by the Neapolitan government, he would givo one hour to’ stop the disorder, guaranteo the in- Government was proceeding | violability of persons and properties; that, otherwise, ould bring his fleet from the Castel Mare, and dis- embark 9,000 men to defend the rights of humanity und nations. Narurs, May 15, 1848. I was awoke this morning—a most brilliant one— about 5 o'clock, by the movement of troops past my house, including several pieoos of artillery. Hace-rast Srx o’Ciock—Evidently some disturbance is expected, from the preparations which are made. Eran o’CLock—I was just preparing to leave for the church, when intelligence was brought to me that with- in two hours barricades haye been thrown up across the Toledo, from San Ferdinando across a side strect, leading up by the French baker's, across a small street nearly opposite the theatre of San Carlo, and at this moment they are barricading the main street, which runs by San Carlo, The street of Santa Bridgida, is also barricaded. My informant saw stools, chairs, and every article of furniture being thrown out of the win- dows to form the barricade. Workmen are digging up the streets, and the military stand by, as also the Na- tional Guards. On the top of the barricade, near San Ferdinando. stand three National Guards, as sentinels. | Crowds are fast collecting in that direction. ‘The gar- dens and squares in frout of the palace are filled with soldiers, and some of the iron railings of the gardens have been removed in order to admit cannon. The vil- la is closed, and and in every direction. 1 have just been w king's palace, which is surrounded by troops, advanced to the barricade in the Toledo, the summit of which is crowdad by the National Guards; they have yot posse sion of the windows also, at which they are standing with arms in their hands. z Mip-pay.—A National Guard, by acciden!, has just fired off his musket. The artillery immediately fired twenty rounds What damage has beon done i know not as yet. There is immense excitement prevailing here. ‘his instant, as I am writing, the red flag (nig- nal for firing) has been hoisted, and four shots have been fired on the town. I hear the artillery now firing in the town, and musketry towards the Toledo. Two o’CLocx.—The troops have carried the barricade in the Toledo, and taken possession of some houses ; but the National Guard are firing from the windows, and have committed considerable slaughter. Many soldiers were taken off the ground, and one general officer fell wounded in the neck, apparently dead, whilst another was wounded in the leg. At this mo- ment, a body of people are coming down Santa Lucia bearing a white flag : they cheer, and are cheered by the dragoons. If the moball join with the troops, as is probable, adieu to the National Guard, [am in- formed that thirty Calabrese have sworn to take the life of the king. They laid in ambush for him the other day, but ho escaped by anticipating them by 10 minutes. A great many Calabrians are expected to-night. Information has just arrived, that the king’s party have possession of the city as far ax the Bridgedos, and the lazzaroni are rushing through the streets, pillaging, and cheering “Viva el Rey.” Parties of women amongst them, some looking like flends, exclaiming as they passed us, “ Viva Ferdinando nostro.” Many of the National Guard passed, pursued by tho troops and the lazzaroni, who all had long knives in their bo- soms. Orders were issued to arrest any one wearing the uniform of the National Guard, ao that there is a perfect crusade against them throughout the city. ‘The best intelligence appears to exist between the troops and the mob, whom I have seen eheering one another gloriously. Very many lives have been sacri- ficed, I hear. Two Swiss officers were borng past us; the one wounded, the other dead. The houses in To- ledo, as far as the troops have had the advantage, ha been completely riddled ; at least those where it pected that any members ot the National Guar concealed, I have this instant spoken with a soldier of the 4th ‘Swiss regiment, who told me that in his re- giment he had counted fifteen dead ; Colonel de Salis and two other officers amongst the number. Evrsixa.—All is for a time quiet. ‘Tho loss of life and the number of the wounded during the day must have been very considerable, from the number of wagons which have passed, laden with soldiers. ‘The loss on the side of the National Guards, though less, has been also very great. Tho wounded soldiers and the prisoners have all been taken to tho arsenal. It is said that full two regiments of national guards have been taken pri- soners. As they passed before the palace, the guards on the road to the arsenal struck them in the back and over the shoulders, wit the butt end of their mus- kets, to oblige them to cry out “ Viva cl Rey.” Several, though cruelly beaten, could not be induced to utter a word. Amongst the wounded, has been Genoral Flo- rentano Pepe, who was shot in the leg by a woman. ‘The troops on entering the house, immediately threw her out of the window. An English officer beionging to the Sidon, who was taking a French lesson in & house near the Toledo, received a bayonet thrust through his hand from the soldiers, as they entered. An English lady, who went out from curiosity to look on, received a musket shot in her foot. As the soldiers cleared the barricades, they took pos- session of the houses, climbing up by ladders to the balconies, and dashing in the windows with hatchets. All the houses which had been occupied by the Nation- al Guard were given up for plunder by the mob, who have been looking out for this for along time. Hence I have seen men, women, and boys, laden with chairs, tables, chandeliers, linen, silks ; and some brought me inthe streets books very splendidly bound, wanting to sell them. ‘The plunder has doubiless been very con- siderable. The soldiers are in the best possible dispo- sition. and full of rage against the National Guard, not only on account of to-day’s affair, but on account of the state of subserviency in which they have been kept for four months, The lazzaroni are also extreme- ly hostile to the National Guard,who have not been par- ticular in the means of keeping them in order, beating them and shooting them as occasion required. Of course the city is in a complete state of siege. The Frenelt and English steamers are taking on board such of the subjects of both countries as wish to withdraw. The city is in the possession of the military and lazza- roni, Mipxtaut—Firing still going on in the Mercatello ; two palazzos have been set on fire, and are lighting up the whole of the horizon, They were fired by the troops, Cavalry passed my window all night, and every ‘passenger was stopped ; immense quantities of plunder I have seen carried by. Tvvavay Morntxa, 16th.—The red flag is still flying, and the soundof musketry rings In myears. Towards the Mareatello a desperate struggle ix being carried on, especially in the Palazzo of the Prince Piombino, and of a Calabrese. Thoy have six pieces of cannon in these houses, and very many of the dragoons have fallen It appears that the National Guards have re- ceived reinforcements and fresh supplies during the night. ‘The firing is very active also in the upper part of the Toledo, I have this moment (haif-past ten) been told that a new ministry is formed. Troja, Bozzelli, ana Prince Ischtatella, are among them. Near my house lodges the hated General Nunjiante, who. in the name of the King, promised 20,000 ducats to the lower orders. Every house has # white sheot or handkerchief hung from every window to defend it from being sacked. ‘The mob are now going to “ Victoria” to sack it—a strong body of troops is there to defend it. I cannot sufficiently condemn the conduct of the National Guard, who have thus sacrificed pubile order for vain glory—an empty desire to imitate the French. The National Guards have many of them delivered up their muskets, As all is now quict, I shall take as extensive a survey of the city as circumstances will permit. Six o’crock, P. M.—Going up Santa Lucia, | found the streets covered with straw. and the soldiers bivou- acked there as in the open field, their muskets standing in piles beforo them. In front of the palace the square was crowded with soldiers, Most of the windows in the royal palace are broken, of course, from the concussion produ- ced by the cannon shot. It was not until our arrival at the church of San Ferdinand, that the extreme deso- lation was apparent. On the facade of the church, asif mockery, still hang the preparations for the illumi- ations which were to haye taken -pluce on last Mon- to the day. ‘Tive next house ts the palace of Prince Cirelli, which is shattered and burnt, and family ruined; their bro- thers prisoners; (one of them, says report, is dead.) saw the ladies of the family arrested, and taken away in two carriages, under a strong military escort. On the opposite side of the street is the Cate Europa, where commences the destrugtion on that side of the street, and so on either side continues the work of destruc- tion all the way up the city. Windows all battered in, balconies broken down by cannon shot, huge gates, guarded by the soldiers, presenting marks of the hatchets of pioncers by which they were broken in, the sheets of iron with which they were cased, and the heavy locks, hanging loosely down, whore they had been ta- ken off by the mob. The facades of houses are, of course, covered with the marks of musket and cannon balls, and long holes and vacancies in the mason-work show what must have been the horrors of the scene. On going down another street the destruction, I found, was till greater. Every house has suffered. ‘The guard-house of the National Gnard is dostroyed; tho house opposite burnt and gutted; doors burst open and in fragments. Returning, | went higher up the Toledo, and the same sad scene presented itself. Up the street of San Gioinechino the batteries of the Castella di Nuovo had struck an immense piece of mason-work, and carried it »way, whilst the fronts of the houses are battered terribly; the Cafe Dongelli being more parti- cularly ruined, Towards Monte Oliveto, the Palazzo Gravina, one of the finest in Naples, has suffered, « bomb having fallen upon it. The streets themselves prosont a sad aspect, being covered with burnt mate- rials, and I saw matiressos and other articles of furni- ture hanging from the balconies, and projecting off houses, having been thrust down in a hurry, as it is said, by the lazzaroni, who entered for robbery, or as others say, many of them to defend their houses against the shots. ‘The plunder has been general. Every house where the Nationals were dislodged was plundered, in some casos evon by the military, and always by the mob. One soldier was seen to throw away his car- tridges and fill his box with dollars. I have already told you of the mass of spoil I myself saw carried away. Somo of it was offered to me for rale, The heart-rending scenes which were of course wit- nossed, wero numerous and consequent on such acts. An officer of the King’s army raid to me, I never ima- gined that the Swiss were so ferocious.’ On breaking open a house they fired up the staircase on which it often happened the inhabitants were assembled for es- cape, and thus many men, women and children fell. On getting up stairs and breaking open the room, they carnage. It was in these circumstances that an officer of the Porcupine was placed, when holding up his hand to save himself, he received a slight wound from a bay- onet, In a house in Santa Bridgida. some of the Na- tional Guard concealed themselves till midnight, and then putting their muskets some holes, fired atrols of soldiers are at overy corner | | of France under the old monare | the republic. | day. what had resulted from the war of propagandism, upon the soldiers whom they exasperated. The royals then went round, got inand hacked them to pieces, Wepnespay, May 17—At eleven o'clock officers of ay- tillery passed my house, sentinels were placed at every twenty yards through the city, and the whole availa- ble force bivouacked in the streets. It was spread abroad that the French were about to land some 1500 men for the protection of French property. By many 1 have been informed that a deputation of residents waited on the French admiral, in the course of the day, requesting his intervention, alleging that they had been plundered to a ruinous extent. That the admi- ral replied that he had demanded satisfaction and compensation, and that he had sent for a portion’ of his fleet to Castel Mare. A sharp correspondence, it is affirmed, ensued between the admiral and the @o- vernment, and that a bombardment was threatened.— It is a fact, however, not to be passed by, that this morning, two French vessels sailed over for Castel Mare, and remained till this afternoon. As far as it this looks like a corroboration of one of the sto- send you. ‘he soldiers are still in occupation of the railways. A strong force of artillery had been sent down in that direction, to be ready for every occur- rence, should any of the provinciais come up, of whic there is great talk. I don’t expect them, however-—th king has struck too decisive a blow. Fresh troops cama in this morning from Nocerd ; and it is reported that the king has sent off to Lombardy for that portion of his troops—this wants confirmation. Our shops are still closed, but they are beginning torepair the streets and glaze somo of the windows. | saw his majesty this afternoon, accompanied by his two brothers and a ge= neral officer; they walked from the palace to Castel’ Nuovo, followed by a carriage. His visit was to the sick, and he reviewed the soldiers in the Largo. His reception was most enthusiastic on the part of the mi- litary and the lazzaroni, This morniog are gazetted the names of public fanctionaries who have renounced their salaries at present, in order, if possibie, to relieve the public bur- thens. ‘This may be regarded as a mark of adhesion to government. | have seen a list of killed and wounded, which, perhaps, approaches nearer to truth than any that has been as yet published. Soldiers, 400 killed (Swiss suffered principally, and particularly the offi- cers, who were aimed at); National Guard, 200 killed in fighting in the streets, sheltered, therefore, behind the windows); wounded on each side, 200; 500 prison- ers. The plunder seems to have been considerable. La Carta, who was nominated to the Neapolitan em- bassy in England, had his house sacked of everything theroin, and his brother being placed on his knees, sol- diors holding pistols at their heads, whilst others plun- dered; they were not, however, implicated in the affair. There aro many who think that the whole thing was urged on by the royalist party, to produce a reaction. On Saturday, a well informed man told me that there was something brewing to produce a counter-revolu- tion. I see no sufficient grounds, however, as yet, to subscribe to thisopinion. It is remarkable, certainly, that the troops looked on, whilst the barricades were being made; but then, said a soldier to me, we were so united with the National Guard to maintain the Constitution, that we did not believe they would pro- ceed to the extremity of firing upon us. The actual fighting continued fifteen hours, Genoa, May 20. We have beon for some days in great anxiety, owing to the non-arrival of the Neapolitan steamer, This morning, a courier from Leghorn arrived here, and brought. tho appalling news of the bombardment of Naples by the Neapolitan troops, More than 5,000 persons have lost their lives in this horrible outrage. Further partieulars aro expected with the arrival of the Neapolitan steamer the Caprio, which had arrived yorterday at Leghorn, and is expected here in the course of this day. The whole city of Genoa has been thrown into utter dismay at this horrid news. Large <) numbers of people proceeded at once to the hotel of the Neapolitan Consul, where they committed great ex- ceases, uttering the most awful cries of maledictions and threats, pulling down the consular arma, which, under the wildest shrieks and yells, they dragged through all the streets of the town. Any one wit- nessing the lawless conduct of these infuriated masses could not but consider the place in a perfeot state of anarchy, for neither the military, police, nor national guards interfered or attempted to re-establish order. Interesting Proceedings In the French Nation- al Assembly—The United States—The De. bate on the Polish and Italian Questions, SITTING OF May 23. The President took the chair at a quarter past one. The display of force round the Chamber was consi- derably greater than on the preceding days. A strong detachment of the troops of the line occupied the pe- ristyle and front of the palace ; on the quay, above and below the Pont de la Concorde, large bodles of the Na- tional Guard and the Garde Mobile were posted, their muskets being piled across the whole way, and vehicles being prevented from passing. Towards two o'clock, these were again very largely increased, and the mili- tary oceupied in force the whole of the bridge, and con- siderable part of the Place de la Concorde. It was said that not less than from 8,000 to 10,000 men were in the neighborhood of the Chamber. All, however, remain- ed quiet to the end of the sitting, The crowd was larger than usual, but not such as to exci Inside, the public tribunes were crowded. General Cavaignac and several other officers were present in full uniform. More bustle and movement was apparent than in ordi- nary sittings. The Ministen or Foneran Arrarns stated that the American Minister had just presented to the Execu- tive committee a resolution from the Congress of tho United States to recognise the French Republic, and to congratulate it on its existence. Up to the present time, the executive power had always acted of itself in such circumstances; but on this occasion, it was the whole Congress of the United States which had direct- ly addressed the representatives of the French repab- lic. Such being the case, it would be advisable, he thought, to respond to such a proceeding by one of a similar nature ; and, in consequence, he had to pro- pose, in the name of the executive committee, that the Assembly should nominate a committeo to draw up an address to the American Congress, which should ve forwarded with as little delay as possible. (Cries of “yea! yes !"” ‘The proposition was referred to the Standing Com- mittee on Foreign Affairs. The order of the day was the discussion on Poland and Italy. M. v’Aracon—The events at Vienna, of which in- telligence has just boen received, have determined me not to address any questions to the Government rela- tive to Italy, but ‘to leave to the executive power fall and entire liberty. (Approbation.) M. Worowsxi—The new revolution which has just taken place at Vienna cannot but be of advantage to cause of Poland, and, in consequence, I think it im- poses on me an additional obligation to ask some ex- planations relative te this latter country from the go- vernment. Beiore doing so, I have to express to the Assembly the indignation felt by the Polish refugees residing in Paris at the horrible outrage of May 15, particularly as the name of Poland was made the pre- text for that outbreak. ‘The hon. member then warm- ly eulogised the conduct of Poland, in all her attempts to recover her liberty, and declared that no matter how much the great powers might endeavor to blot her name from the map of Europe, she would still live in the hearts of her children. Alluding to the docu- ments presented to the House by the Minister of Fo- reign Affairs, he said the causo of Poland was in them represented as desperate, but where others saw a cause of ruin, he found a motive for hope. It was said that the Poles did not agree well together—that discord di- vided their councils ; but how could that be with truth erted, whon they all agreed in one point, to strike or liberty? Of what consequence, he enquired, were minor differences, when the great moving cause was the same for all? After dwelling for some time, though not in very clear language, on this point, he declared, that in tho duel between liberty and despotism there were three stages—the first being Poland, the second Germany, and the third France. How, he asked, was it possible for despotism to prevail. when it had to first clear such obstacles as these? He concluded by call- ing on the executive power to do something of a de- cided character—either to negotiate with energy in fa- vor of Poland, or to fight with determination. M. Vavin observed that as to Poland they were all agreed as to the end—the only question which could divide them was as to the means to be employed. As one of the means which would contribute to the tri- umph of the cause they all loved, he had the honor to propose to the Assembly the following declaration, ad- drested to Europe. and especially to Germany, and which would at the same time serve as the basis and rule of policy of the government of France ‘he Na- tional Assembly of France, considering that justice as well as the interest of European societies, demand the re-establishment of an independent Poland; that the German nations, who had taken part in the partition of Poland, have manifested a wish to repair this ini- quity; that Francecannot be wanting in the engage ments which have been contracted through hor old re lations with Poland, and the sympathies and manifesta- tions which she has not ceased to make for seventeen years; declares that France, in the limit of her influ- ence, will demand, as the basis of the opean balance of power, the re-establishment of independent Poland; that, happy to see the representatives of the German cople united as a sovereign assembly, and hailing with happiness the advent of Germany to liberty, she makes an appeal to all its sentiments of generosity, and calls on it to admit the re-establishment of in dent Poland, as the basis of the public European law of na- tions,’? opportunoness of that proceeding, at the moment at which the representatives of Germany were assembled at Frankfort; and it was with confidence that he called on the Assembly to adopt tho declaration he proposed. M. Sarrans—The advice which he had to address to the government would be summed up in one word, “ Forward!’ What he reproached it with was, its not having with sufficient boldness and firmness set forth the principles of the new polley of France, of having employed too many precautions and circumlocutions, in saying to Rurope that the will of France was to re- turn to the traditional system of her alliances, which wore those of oppressed nations, That was the policy y. the empire, and M. de Lamartine had asked the other made fifty years ago by the republic? potism, invasion. and the restoration. Sarrans) protested against such an observation with all his strength. Who had always defended oppressed nations—Christianity—tho frontiers of Europe phil: losophical liberty? France, always France. Let not his hearers deceive themselves —aristocracies still hoped to remove Furope from the civilising influence of France, Efforts should be made by tho Assembly to Imperial dea- They would, he continued, all understand the | consolidate that influence. The ambition of Fran as M, de Lamartine had eloquently said, was to have | by her side nations freed by her example. With re- spect to Poland, the hon. gentleman entered into long | details, and concluded by saying, that ho boldly de- | clared that, in his opinion, a revolution which had for | its object the regeneration of Europe, and which yet should loave Poland in its shroud, merited not altars, but the pillory. M. Guicwaxn opposed the proposition of M. Vavin | a4 dangerous, and argued that it was better to leave the German nations to follow the course they had now so happily commenced, Prince Naro.ron Bonarawrs—Citizens representa- tives, in my eyes, and in those of many others, the Po- lish question is one eminently French, eminently de- mosratic. The reconstitution of Poland is necessary to the republic; never, in fact, can we have any true al- lies amongst the European ‘The proposition ofM, Vavin pr:ceeds from a noble and generous heart—from that of a friend of that glorious cause; but in order to support that proposition, it will be nec: ry to decree immediately a levy of 560,000 me clare war against Prussia, Austria and Rusi not think, however, under existing circumstances, that | such an act of rashness could be thought of, Neither do I accept the proposition for an address to the dict of Frankfort. Oneassembly cannot address itself directly to another assembly. [Approbation.] ‘The following is the solution of the Polish question as I understand it, [Movement of attention. at ought we todo? In order to save Poland wi demand from Germany and from Prussia that should fulfil tho promises they have so many times made; and from Prussia, a Polish national reconstitution of the Duchy of Posen. [Appecuation | Let the onvoys of the republic say to he cabinets of Vienna and of Berlin, “Fulfil your pro- misos, for it will bo for your honor and for that of the whole of Western Europe to do so.” But you will, per- ape, ask, how will yousot Af Prussia or Austria docs not obey. Well, then, citizens, there will bo at tho bot- tom of that questson, as with all questions of foreign Polley, a possibilty of # war. Such, in my opinion, is he only plan that ean be pursued; such the only path that can lead to the desired ond. ‘Todo less would cowardico; todo more would be imprudonce. (Ap- probation.) ‘The Hon. deputy concluded by reading a project for a decree, in which he demanded that the fulfilment of the promises made to the Poles by the Prussian and Austrian governments should be insisted on, andalzo the formation of a legion composed of all the Polish refugees. M. Vavin declared that he had never ontertained any idea of war; he hoped, on the contrary, that hi declaration, which contained nothing of an aggressive character, but which was, in fact, purely moral, might actively promote the pacific triumph of the Polish cause, M. pe Lamantive— Whatever may bo the measure, the reason, and the perfect intelligence of the diplo- matic character of the discussion, which have been dis- played by the hon. members who havo preceded me in this tribuno, it is for me a most painful thing to have to touch the still bloeding wounds of a friendly people, without having the power to heal them, or to alleviate them in any immediate manner. That is one of the misfortunes which, for many long years, has weighed on our country; this sad feeling has afflicted every tribune—thut of Great Britain, as well as our own. ‘Tho French republic could not escape this misfortune, al- though, by the very force of its government, it possesses more will and more resources than any other to over- como the difficulties which these questions present. ‘The government has not waited for the interpellations brought, in my opinion, prematurely into this tribune, to occupy itself with the great question of Poland. We were yet at the Hotel de Ville, under the emotions of the events of February, when we decreed the creation of a Polish legion. It is not my wish to distress this Assembly; I will not say why that decree was not car- riod into execution; there shall nothing fall from my lips which might afiliet a great people, or look like an insult to its misfortune. A few days after, scarcely had we entered on the path of regular government, scarcely had I myself entered the hotel of Foreign Affairs, than our attention was directed to defining our foreign poli- cy, and clearly pointing out the line which we consid- cred it our duty to pursue, in order to remain faithful to what the interests and the dignity of France com- manded. Several questions presented themselves tu us; the first was that of our general attitude towards Europe. We resolved that in a few words, Animated by tho true spirit of French nationality, we declared that if the republic could establish itself In peace, we should show the most lively solicitude for the repose of the world, Allow me to remind you of the language which we used on that subject; the Assembly will thero see the clear indication of the principle which guided us on the great questions of Poland and Italy. We were, moreover, happy to be able, before engaging on the future, to wait your presence here. We wished to place in your hands intact the foreign policy of France; we were happy to proserve to the National Assembly full liberty of action, and to give it the choice of peace or war. (The hon. member then read a part of the ma- nifesto addressed in the beginning of March to the agents of the Republic, and continued :) Does the As- sembly recognise its ideas in the words have just read? (Marks of adhesion ) Ifany momber of this Assembly, or any-one out of it, does riot find in it sufficient digni- ty. or sves in it too much prudence and too little republi- can patriotism, I will beg him to carry back his thoughts to two or three vvents which, in spite of us, falsified for a moment the republican ‘principle; I will remind him of the two or three invasions which were made in spite of the Provisional Government, to whom war os- caped as it wero through the fingers, from the want of military force in the parts in which they took place. I will remind him of the disastrous attempt of the Belgians to revolutionize their country, and of the expedition of some natives of Savoy against Chambery. I will also remind him ofthat fatal fact which has led to an unfortunate misunderstanding between Germany and us; I allude to the invasion of the German refugees, mbled in spite of us at Strasburg. although we several times dispersed thein for implicating the land in whick they had received hospitality. You witnessed the astonishment and the indignation of the German people, at first drawn so strongly towards us by our sympathies, bu® afterwards repulsed by tho appearance of our bayonets. This is what has embar- rassed the progress of our foreign policy, and caused the greatest difficulties, particularly on the Polish question, With respect to the interpellations of M, d’Aragon, I shall not avail myself of the resorvo to which he has appeared to invite me. There are doubt- less some points which require circumspection ; for those things I shall allow ovents to speak. But what [ can now declare is, that it is not true there has ever existed the least understanding, the least concert, be- tween the poticy of France and that of Austria. ‘This is one of those calumnies which you will see fall to the ground with a great many others. ‘The former govern- ment, compelled by ties of which you are aware, to flatter despotic governments, had abandoned the pee- le of Italy, and nipped Italian independence in the Dua’; but scarcely had power come into the hands of the Republic than the policy of France in Italy under- wonta change. Thus Naples had but an imperfect constitutional government ; but soon after the decla- ration of the support of France, what did wesee? Wo saw that kingdom enter each day more and more into the path of democracy ; we saw Rome, alroady moved by the Holy Word of its sovereign, reach the plenitude of its liberty ; we saw Tuscany enter on the same movement ; we beheld Parma, Placentia, and Modena, give themselves a provisional government, and hold out the hand to Italian unity. And have we placed a seal on our lips? Have we concealed our sentiments ? Have we disavowed our principles of liberty, and our wish for her independence? Certainly not ; but if we haye wished for the independence of the people of Italy, we have considered that it would be for their glory, for their honor, and for their safety, that they should achieve it themselves, but that, should their rights be attacked, or should they be too weak to make them respocted, France will be there, She declared aloud to her friends and enemies, that let a cry for assistance cross the Alps, and we will fly to the succour of the people who struggle for li- berty. For the satisfaction of those who doubt, let me | be permitted to prove, by reading some extracts from | dispatches, that we have not hidden timid acts under doubtful words. You will seo if we have not always had the intention to intervene on the first appeal, It was on account of that intention that. on the first day, | we assembled near the Alpsa body of 30,000 men, which | could have been increased to 60.000; and, if an apperl | had been heard on the Alps, we should not have waited tor your consent, but should have sent the French troeps to the assistance of Italian independence, cer- | tain as we were to anticipate your wishes, and to obey in advance the genorosity of your sentiments. (Great applause) I now present you with extracts from the correspondence with the insurgent populations, which wiil prove to you that no appeal has been made to us, and that the beet patriots of Italy, before whom you | | would bow with respect, addressed to us the counsel- | what do I say? the supplication—not to go to Italy be- | fore the time. (Here M. Lamartine read several letters | , | between us and the Northern powers, it would ronder and good harmony impossible all relations of dignity ublic. M.de Lamartine then between them and the rej read the directions sent oe provisional government to the chargé d’affaires of France at Vienna, in which it was formally declared that the independence of Poland is a cause which the French government would never abandon. He then continued—The same language was held to Prussia. Before the revolution of Berlin, the king of Prussia took some of the ¢' ments to which he has since subscribed for the reconstitution of the Grand Duchy of Posen. A few days al that revolution, the king, faithful to his preceding @ - ment, declared to our envoy that he would fulfil his promises. He did more—the Grand Duchy of Posen was declared free, and a free constitution was it. Immediately after the reconstitution of that pro- vince, the hatred, the confusion, the hostility ot fami- lies and of races, disturbed the country. The king of Prussia has sent an army to intervene between the Germans and the Poles, and that proceeding has caused struggles and massacres which have drenched the | dawning liberty of Posen in blood. ‘The king of Prussia has declared that his army only intervened forthe re-es- tablishment of order, and that, as soon as he can, he will duchy. (M. Lamartine here read a despatch on this subject addressed to the chargé d'affaires of France, together with the reply of Baron d’Arnim, the Minis- ter of Prussia, from which it appeared that France had protested against the oruelties exercised towards the Poles of the duchy of Posen ; that she desired to retain @ cordial understanding with Prussia; al other hand, that if war were to break out botween Russia and Prussia on the subject of Poland, Poland would be the first victim ; that the Prussian govern- ment had exercised no rigorous measures towards the Poles, and that it had authorised the Polish prisoners to proceed to Franco, giving them assistance to do so.) You sew (continued M. Lamartine) that nothing has been neglected to guaranty the interests of Poland. And I willadd, that the reproachos addressed to foreign governments relative to the reconstruction of Polish nationality, are ill founded. ‘Those governments havo commenced the execution of tho promises which they made; bat the events which have occurred have pro- vented the full realisation of them At present new events are succeeding with rapidity. The example of Bohe- iia, the example of Ttaly, must bring about the accom- plishment of those promises, within perhaps a fow months. It is suffcient at present to know how to wait with patience. Events are stronger than men, and always end in being realised. We have been reproached with weakness; but were wo to forget our own fellow citizens? | Wero we to forget the millions of workmen who, from the want of work, were left a prey to the horrors of hunger, to go and reconstitute the independence of Poland? Ah! do you not know that when we were called on to send froin 100,000 to 200,000 men to Germany—and here I appeal to the testimony of our colleagues, of those brave generals who shared with us the fatiguos and perils of government—do you not know how many soldiers we had on the banks of the Rhine ?— We had only 138,000 men (marks of dissent), where- as now, throughout the whole of France, we have 500,- 000 infantry, and 80,000 cavalry, The resources which we now possess we owe to the solicitude of our ho- norablo colleague, who was charged at the same time with the double department of war and the marine. Return thanks to the indofatigable vigilance of the whole government, which had the courage to resist the enthusiasm which led it to testify its sympathies for Poland. And besides, when we should have sent 100,000. or 150,000 men into Germany; when we should have had the weakness to yield to the genius of conquests—are you aware what would have happened? We should have met with 150,000 men in Germany be- fore reaching Poland ; and once arrived in that coun- try, .we should have found 250,000 Russians to have opposed us; that is to say, without being of any ad- vantage to Poland, we should have sent our brave soldiers to certain butchery. (Sensation,) That is a responsibility we never could have accepted. (Ap- probation.) ‘Thanks to the admirable political instinct which now prevails amongst us, political genius is now commonplace ; there is not now one of the orators whom you listen to, who would not have proposed to you a means of arriving at the reconstitution of Poland, All have understood that it could only be attained by war; but if that fecling were yielded to, unanimous cry ‘of reprobation would arise from ‘c the country against a government that - could al- low itself to beled into such a war. Throw, then, yor eyes on the map of Europe—measure the distance which separates the Vistula from the Rhino. The only means which can have any chance of success is to in- terfere by kind representations in favor of Poland. As ministers, we are far from throwing obstacles in the way of the manifestations demanded in favor of Poland; the Chamber has the right to proclaim ita sovereignty, its sympathy; but that pr:clamation must not be useful to Poland alone—it must be so also to France herself; and it is for that reason that we sup- port whatever may attain that two-fold object. Ihave deplored more than any one the scenes of violence and disorder which took plase in this Assembly on Monday last, and I regret that the glorious name of Poland should have beon made the pretext for sedition. (Ap- probation.) These spontaneous demonstrations in favor of Poland are not and never will be « source of embarrassment for us—it will certainly never be us that will repulse the warm appeals to justice and to reason, No, citizens, it is the force of our diplomacy, as it is the honor, the eternal honor, of the people of Franco, in the midst of the gravest crisis, forgetting its own concerns and its own hunger, to think only of its brethren of the North, which it knows only by name. Calumnies have been heaped upon us, but the thoughts of government and its feelings have been to keep France at peace with the world. (Loud agitation.) We have pursued the realization of that idea in the inte- rest of that people, by whom and for whom the revolu- tion was achieved. But that interest, and all the great questions connected with it, cannot be made available and usefal unless by the continuance of peace. (Hear, hear.) General peace was formerly a Utopian idea, but now there is an absolute necessity that, Utopian as it is, it must become a reality for na- tions and governments, Formerly it was said that the victory remained to the great battalions; but in the modern day, in our times, vietory must be on the side of right, of justice, and of truth. (Great applause fol- lowed this discourse.) M Sannans, after praising the cloquent speech which had just been delivered, said that he wished to remind the Assembly that, eighteen years back, a minister of the fallen government, M. Sebastiani, had used exactly the eame language as M. de Lamartine did now, and that his promises ended only in these words : “ Order reigns in Warsaw !"" M. Vavin—Since M de Lamartine has declared that he accepted the declaration which I presented, except on the score of form, I shail submit to you an order of the day motivé to tho same effect. (This the hon. deputy then did.) M. Mannrast—The discussion ought ow to be brought to some conclusion. The question which is before us is a European one, but still more is it a French one, and [am convinced that the government will not consent to continue in this grave matter former errors. Poland stretches out to us her suppliant and blood-stained arms, and we will unite, I am cer- tain, all our efforts to again raise up her glorious flag. The hon. deputy then r ead an address to the German people, calling on them, Ist, to enter into fraternal compact with France; 2a, to grant a free and inde- pendent constitution for Poland M. Dr Lamantine—tI have no objection to make to the two propositions which have just been submitted to you, Nevertheless, as former minister of foreign af fairs. may be allowed to make a few observations ; whother it be a proclamation or an address that may be decided on, it is to be presented to the Diet at Frankfort. If that is to be done by diplomatic agents, it will be irregular, and if any other mode is adopted the most serious inconveniences may be the, result. Look at what may happen, for instance, if by the caprice of a minister of the German States a passport should be refused to the person whom you may charge to carry your address, and it should not therefore reach its destination. You must fully understand the consequences of such an outrage ‘There is only. in my opinion, one plan to which the Assembly should direct its attention ; the National Assembly is sove- ign ; it may manifest its will as it chooses ; but for that very reason | think it should adept the order of the day mofivé, as proposed by M. Vavin. (Hear, hear.) ‘A Member proposed the following order of the day : “Tho National Assembly, after having heard the ex- planations of the executive committee, approves the | conduct pursued by the provisional government, and, convinced that the executive government will perse- vere in sentiments of justice, firmness and moderation, and will neglect no means of attaining the reconstitu- tion of Poland, passes to the order of the day, (Hear, hear. Yes, yes.) M. Deceonce proposed another order of the day. M. Wotowskt brought forward another. written by the ambasadors and ministers of Sardinia, setting forth that no French intervention ought to | take place, as it would put an end fora long time to | tho Influsnce of France in. Italy, and supplicatin | the French government to keep the troops at a dis- tance feom the frontier; M. Lamartine then con- tinued :—I received this very morning two new lettes to the same effect, One from the government of Milan, implores our neutrality until an appeal be made to us ; the other, from the envoy of Lombardy, praying me to | declare publicly, what is true, that he and tho repre- | sentative of Venice have always been opposed, from | national sentiment, to the intervention of France, so long as Italy shall be strong enough to achieve her in- dependence, If such a circumstance should arrise to Il for intervention, be assured that France will act at the proper dayand hour, In no case shal! Italy again fall under the yoke she has just thrown off so gloriously. | (Applause.) Never will wo fail in brotherhood towards | these 26,000,000 men, in fraternity, which is our law for | the past, and which will be our duty for the future. | (Applause) I will not enter into further explanations | on this subject. I will only add one sentence, which | will not be denied by any one—it is, that although France has not intervened, Italy is free, and the seou- rity of the French frontior is assured. (Cheers) I now arrive at the principal question which has been | discussed in this tribune—that of Poland. If there be any which appears one of delicacy to timid diploma- tists, it is without contradiction that of Poland. Vor my part I disdain, and am convinced that the repub- diplomacy which have been employed to this day. It is to the frankness of our language that we owe the fortunate maintenance of the good relations of which I this day assure you, As to Poland, we did not enter | | on the question as an easy one, butas the greatest dim. | | culty which now weighs om Europe. But we knew that | | if we did not touch it, that if it remained undecided M. Tascurneav—Thece are at this moment five hun- dred different orders of the day prepared. (Laughter.) | demand that they be all referred to the committee on foreign affairs. (Cries of “ Yes, yes.”’) The Parsipent, in spite of this proposition, suggest- ed that a number of them should be read, ‘This was re- ceived by cries from all parts of the chamber in favor of the proposition of M. Taschereau, which was adopted accordingly. The Mixister or Fixaxce demanded a credit of 180,- 893f 95e for the expense attendant on the carrying out of a decree issued in February, by the provisional go- vyernment, ordering the Monte de Picte to release cer- tain pledges without repayment of the sums lent on them. Referred to the committee on finance. ‘Tho reporter of the committee on commercial and departmental administration presented the report on the decree authorising certain departments to contract loans for the establishment of workshops. Adopted. The chamber rose at half-past six. sirtixe oF May 25, ‘The Pxxsipext took the chair at one o'clock Tho minutes of the previous sitting were read and adopted The order of the day was the inquiry into the state of the laboring classes throughout the whole of the ropublic. The bill was presented to the Chamber, which, without entering into any goneral discussion, passed | immediately to the consideration of the articles, and But he (M, | lican government onght to disdain, the dark ways of | after some very short remarks, the bill was adopted in it ensembie, An inquiry will consequently take place throughout the whole of France, through the medium of the Prefects and the swb-Profects, as to the state of labor, and the condition of the working classes, necessary to be known before any definite organisa- tion of the quostion can be come to, General Le Buxton proposed the following amend. | iven to | rigorously keep his promises for the reconstition of the | part of ment to the decree for preventing the ex-royal family from returning to France “T demand that ia no case can the decree relative to Louis Philippe and his family be applicable to the mombers of that family, who, being absent from Paris in Febraney last, wore no- toriously strangers to all the acts which led to the expulsion uf the family from tho throne.” The amendment was ordered for discussion to- morrow. with the decree to which it relates. M. Daouys pe L'Huvs read the address proposed by the Committee on Foreign Affairs, in reply to that from the American Congress. It was couched in the most fraternal terms, and was voted unaaimously. ‘The other business brought forward up to post hour Presonted nothing of general interest. Affairs in the French Republic, The American Minister communicated a resolution to the Provisional Governmont, tendering the congra- tulations of the United States to the people of France on the recent revolution. ‘The resolution was accom- panied by the expression of the President's hope that France would be able to establish internal order, and to avoid foreign war, M. de Lamartine returned the following reply:— “The resolution which you present to us on the part of the Senate, the legislative body, and tho Peasident, of the American Republic, happy confirmation of the recognition of the French Republic which you were the first to proclaim. The new government of the republic | would view with o just susceptibility foreign govern- ments mixing up counsel with the expression of their good wishes; but in the intimate relations which exist between the French republic and that of America, ev- ery word which the latter may address to us will be re- ceived on the acore of perpetual friendship. The Seuater tho legislative body, and the executive T of the United States may. be convinced that their wise cow sols serve in advance as a law to the French republic; not only will it follow in their path, but it will follow the examples which they give of the order of regular institutions, of attention to its neighbors, of solicitude for labor, instruction, and the prosperity of the people. ‘The names of Washington, Jefferson, and Jackson are inseribed on the banner of the new republic; and if France is fortunate onough to find in its future annals names worthy of these. liberty will assume its real cha- racter on the old continent, as it has done on the other side of the Atlantic.”’ New Constitution or France —It is stated that the new constitution of France will consist of one cham- ber, elected triennially by universal suffrage, a pr dent, also triennially elected, and a couneil of ‘Stat judges and magistrates are also to be elected every three years on the same day. ‘The following are the names of the men to whom, a8 a committee, appointed by the assembly, have been en- trusted the composition of the future constitution of France:—-President, M. de Cormenin, ex-deputy, presi- dent of the council of state; Secretary, Mi. Gorbon (operative), editor of the Atelier, vice president of the national assembly. Members, MM. Armand Marrast, mayor of Paris; the Abbe do Lamennais; Vivian, ex- deputy, ex-minister of justice, ex-vice- president of the council of state; Alexis de Tocqueville, ox-deputy, member of the institute, author of * Democracy in Ame- rica;’? Dufaure, ex-deputy. ex-minister of public works; Martin (de Strasbourg), ex-deputy, advecate at tho court of appeal; Woirhaye, attorney general of the court of appeal at Metz; Coquerel, protestant minister; Tourret (de |’ Allior), ex-deputy, agriculturist; Dupin, ox-deputy, attorney general at the court of appeal; Gustave de Beaumont, ex-deputy, member of the Insti- tute, author of“ ’Irlande, Sociale et Politique;’? Odil- lon Barrot, ex-deputy; Pages (de l’Arriego), ex-deputy; Dornes, editor of the National; Considerant, chief ed- itor of the Democratic Pacifique. 1s was stated that the decree for dispens! ith the attendance of the executive government in the sittings of the Assembly. having been rejected, the executive government would resign, ‘The rumor is abroad that the present executive government is about being super- sedod by a directory of three—MM. Marrast and Arago, and Gen, Cavaignac. In the sitting of the National Assembly, on Wedne: day, M. Buchez, the president (who has not resigned), shortly afterwards communicated to the Assembly two letters, signed by Francois and Henry d’Orleans, dated Claremont, the 19th instant, (Prince de Joinville and the Duke d’Aumaule,) and a third letter of Louia dOrleans, dated the 20th, protesting against the de- cree pronouncing the banishment of their family. They thought that their resignation, on quitting Al- giera, when an appeal was mado to their patriotism, had been appreciated, and they nover imagined that they could be rejected from a country they had loyally served—one of them as man, and the other as a soldier. The Duke de Nemours, absent from Claremont on the 19th, declared that he fully concurred in the sentiment expressed by his brothers, and in their pro- test against the bill. M. Leon Faucher laid on the table the following pro- position :—“An extraordinary credit of ten millions of francs shall be opened in the Ministry of Public Works, for the execution of the ground works of the following railroads :—Paris and Strasbourg, Orleans and Bor- deaux, the Centre and Chartres and Rennes. The operatives of the national ateliers of Paris shall be em- loyed on those lines, and such of them, not nativer of he capital, who should refuse to proceed thither, shall receive passports to return forthwith to their respective departments.”—The assembly afterwards voted, with out any discussion, different projects of law, to the ef- fect of authorizing a number of towns to levy extra- ordinary taxes to procure labor for their suffering po- pulation. The assembly afterwards voted, on the re- port of M. Ducos, various sums, amounting altogether to 7,000,000 of francs for public works, and adjourne ‘Who is at the Head of the French Govern. ment ? (From the Paris Union, May 22.] In the English revolution there was Cromwell. Be- fore making himself Protector of the republic, he was in the Parliament, and in civil war, the personification of the revolution, In Cromwell authority wholly re- sided. Cromwell knew how to put each thing in its ace. When he got on herseback he did not speak— ¢ drew his sword; and he kept the tribune for his speeches, Ho was a great man in great circumstancet In America there was Washington—another man w! directed all the forces of the revolution. He spoke without doubt, and he spoke well; but he acted, and acted with promptitude. He had especially an admi- rable quality—he was one, if we may 80 express our- selves, and it was known what he desired and where he would go. One might be with him or against him. Those who followed him had confidence—those who combatted esteemed him. In council his opinion was adopted, because his opinions were never ambiguous—in the assemblies he was listened to, because his character gave power to his speeches. Thus history unregesters agreat man the more. In France, during our first re- public, we had, also, not a great man, but a man who had at least the advantage of not being a living hyero- glyphic. He was perbaps too clear in his conduct and opinions—he was a visible flag, much more visible to the eyes of the multitude than to its intelligence. Even his horse has taken his place in history. But this time, in your second republic, where is the man who directs it? Where is Cromwell, Washington, even Lafayette? Nowhere. Consequently there is no au- thority, no guide, no direction, and that causes every- body to say, “* Whither do we go?” And this necossit: of a man in a revolution is ro well indicated that al France in the first moment turned towards M. de La martine. A man was wanted, and France believed that he was there. She consecrated him by acclama tions first, by votes afterwards. M. de Lamartine had no need to choose his place—it was given to him. Te be at the head of the movement ; he had only to lais: ser faire. Never was there an easier part. Was iton that account that he disdained it? He perhaps sought what was difficult without doubting that he would only meet with the impossible. He alone was desired, but letermined to be two. He divided—fractioned him. ‘if—abandoning the first rank, he placed himself on the lower step by the side of M. Ledru Rollin, In our opinion, it is not only the constitution which is neces- sary to us; it is a man who previously should have presided at the drawing of it up, and who afterwards should aid in establishing it Let the committee la- bor then, but with more care, activity, prudence, and wisdom, from the fact that, iu order to give order, it must derive all its strength from itself. And when the work shall be accomplished. let the committee not im- agine that it is at the end of its task. It would do well to descend to the public street with a lanthorn in the hand to seek a man. The Prince of Joinville’s Letters. {From the Paris Presse. ] The National is in error in accrediting the rumor, oid of all foundation, that the Prince de Joinville is at Paris, where he was said to have arrived accompanied by General de Rumigny. An officer of the navy, for- merly an aid-de-camp of the Prince, begs us to contra- dict this statement, It is to this officer that we are in- debted for the communication of the following extracts from a correspondence which is indirectly the best con- tradiction to the statement, and the most energetic protest against the decree of banishment, presented to the National Assembly by the commission of execative government; “ Mustaria, 25th Feb, 1848. The mail from France comes periodically to trouble my happiness, by inspiring me with fears for those who are dear to me, for it ts not certainly for myself that { am agitated by the idea of a revolution in France. All my ambition is dead since I have profoundly learned the means which must be employed to shine in this world, I would go to live on the banks of the Llinois | with as much tranquillity of mind as at Neuilly or St, Cloud,” | “© Cranemonrt, 25th March, I saw yesterday by the newspaper the arrival of the Solon at Havre, Another strong affliction (déchirement) | for me to think that I shall never again put my feot in France. But let us leave that and all the sadness with which my heart is filled. “Sth April.—I walk enormously. A grand fete yes- terday. We took our wives on the Thames; fresh east wind, and foggy. Arrival of a prodigious fc know how much this spectacle has al nie, [saw innumerable vessels with screw propellers, and among others a frigate in fron, with battery from end toend. | had at one moment the idea of going to Brest at the time of meeting of the Assembly, and to establish myself there with my wife and children. What do you think of this idea? | think that at Brest, living as a simple citizen, my presence would give offence to no one, “11th April—I think more than ever of spoing to Rome to wait until our lot shall be decided hould be freer there,and we should live economically, But pre- viously | wish to accomplish my duties to the country to the end. If lean re-enter France. under ® government strong enough to permit me, it is what I desire the most. If the Assembly be oppressed, and placed undeg