The New York Herald Newspaper, June 4, 1848, Page 2

of t fational Guard was acciden- in the midst of Assembly. The tally disel ire was dressed in his white robes—a Pere La C ministerial dress. The mob examined him closcly, and off ; but he sat quiet and defe' y & deputy and a mon- tagnard, the latter armed ; but he was not moive sted Flocon stood by the Assembly, ant re bition of all. ‘The Assembly and the execu’ d to make the criminals feel that there is a power in the law; amd that order shall be preserved, and criminals punished, at every hazard. The Minister of Foreign Affairs laid befors the Aswembly. extracts from a great number of despatches from the Charge d'Affatres of France at Bertin, in re- ference to Poland ; aod if his views are correct, there will be little sympathy felt for Poland in the present struggle He represents the great mass of the Poles as ot desiring the interference of France, but as ready fight for Russia; and in the war waging between the Poles and Prussians, the Polos are represented as gen- ally in the fault--and by th lies and errors, | have brought about the present state of things. sure, that this representation will take the major f the French by surprise ; and it accounts for t mission of the Polish flag, in the grand fire that is to | be, from the side of that of France, Italy, and Ge many—a fact to which the Poles in Paris have referred ina letter to the government. ‘This correspondence and this fact, and one or two remarks from Lamartine, clearly indicative of the views of the execu- o ast all interference, exeept that of md T think it xeeutiv pposed to in- terfering in the war between Italy and Austria, until | for aid; and that preparations have » respond instantly and powerfully and; that the national existence of Italy, fr: all foreign control. France has resolved to main- ‘This view of the case renders the prospect of war less threatening. than it would be by an attempt to assist Poland, for it is not certain that Italy will ask or need any assistance, She is ambitious to do all without France. if possibie, hitherto her efforts » danger is, that the ay disagree among themselves, when the pres- sure of the external danger shall have been removed ; but Italy is now well united in the pursuit of Austria. OBSERVER. Panis, May 18, 1848. The Prisoners—General Courtais—His Anguish—Inci- dents and Reflections upon the Great Insurrection in Paris, and Attack upon the National Assembly. and sequent Events—Lamartine, ris is full of troops from the surrounding country ; as the alarm spread, the guards from all parts hastened tosustain the National Assembly; and the unanimity of sentiment is.as great upon the present occasion, as upon that which deprived Louis Philippe of his throne, and established a republic, ‘The Assembly have made the most ample preparations against a second surprise, and they have manifested a firm resolution to punish t» a certain extent at least, for the past. Gen. Courtais’ © 1 Barbes, Blanqui, Albert, and two or three other prin- vipal leaders, are placed in the dungeon at Vincennes, sand Blanqui, regarded as the most desperate very high from the ground, ‘They were carried to prison yesterday, without any attempt at reseue; and, indeed, they seem to have received but very little sup- port from any considerable number after they assumed the robes of of tthe Hotel de Ville. Caussidiere, e, Was on Monday questioned with xreut severity in the Assembly; and seving that he was suspected. nearly unanimously, by that body. yesterday resigned that office, and also that of representative. quantities of arms and ammunition have been overed, in several instances, on the premises of those ; and in some cases decrees drawn up, reciting in'view of the revolutions of February and of y.” &e., &e, ‘The leaders had arranged all things in perfect form, and numerous despatches were in readi- ness to ent toevery department of France, to an- nounce the change of government—the declaration of war to aid Poland—the | of money upon the rich— the overthrow of the National Assembly, and the duty of the departments to take their orders from the new gove! nent: but the resolution of the Guards Mobile and National, who entered the Chamber with bayonets fixed and crossed. and expelled the intruders there, and then entered the Hotel de Ville, and arrested the new ,overnment, ‘rendered these despatches inappro- priate, and the decrees inapt in the recital of events. *Vhe plan to create a procession and gain admittance into the Chamb under the pretence of a demonstra- tion in favor of Poland. was well couceived ; and throug tho defection of General Courtais, most succesfully ex- sited; and had the people in any considerable num- been in sentiment with the insurgents, France id have been delugedin blood, But the entire mass the procession, being only a few hundred. aban- doned their leaders as soon as they discovered their purpose, and alowed them to be surrounded, arrested, and dragged to prison, without making any attempt to rescue them, and the spirit of the people was never more unanimous. upon any occasion, than in resisting all efforts to disturb the government, and in insisting upon some reasonable punishment for the offenders. Through the treachery of tho Prefect of Police, or for some other cause, several of those arrested have been allowed to escape—but not the leaders, { believe, in any instance; perhaps it is the mercy of the govern- t, 28 in the case of Louis Philippe and his mini y There is a great aversion to punishing or impri- ning any one, except in cases of absolute necessity. he Assembly have made searching inquiries inte this matter, and manifested considerable disapprobation.— Some of the members treated Lamartine with a good deal of severity when he expressed an opinion favora- bie to the innocence of Caussidiere; but he is a man of a noble soul, and | hope France will treat him as well us ho has France; he has been sustained by the accla- mations of the National Guard in all he has done, and generally by the Assembly; and itis not impossible that he has foreseen the gathering of this storm for weeks, and has adapted his policy to break its force. by am r the present, at least th detaching from it some of its principle members. Cer- tain it is, that Ledru Rollin acted vigorously, in the Chamber and out of it, to arrest the insurrection and the parties engaged in it, and exposed his person free- ly to danger. Lamartine was in danger several times; but his friends surrounded him and put themselves between him and his assailants, What a miracle that no blood was spilt in such a scene; and how strong the testimony in favor of the firmness, forbearance and magnanimity of the French people, and of their high qualifications for self-government, under the most try- ing circumstances ! General Courtais does not wish to survive his dis- grace; he declined, for some time, to take any food, and only wished todie. He is undergoing a distress and anguish that area terrible punishment—and well he may. The chosen General to command three hundred thousand as fine men and troops as the world affords— the pride and strength of Paris—to open the door to the conspirators to overthrow the Assembly. and to in- cur the Tisk of deluging France with the blood of her own citizens, and of seeing different bodies of his own command murdering each other—it was a crime, an aw- fal crime; and a remarkable fact is, that neither he nor Col. Barbés, could carry one man of the National Guard with them—the latter of whom had been chosen only a few weeks before to that high honor, by the suf frages, almost unanimous, of 28,000 men. How intelli- gent and resolute men must be, who can stand against such influences, and without any authority, step for- ward in the presence of the National Assembly. charge them with treason, and strip them of their uniform, as they did their commanding general. Only remarka- bie'men could firmly and successfully perform such remarkable deeds The Place de la Concorde is surrounded by troops daily. and none are permitted to pass. Every avenue to the Assembly is guarded by strong bodies of armed men, Some dragoons of the line have been introduced into Paris, and the city is one grand and imposing garri- y of the clubs are shut up—the Guard Re- dissolved, which was an appendage to the Pre- fect of Police. and was an organization of that body ‘The Executive have assured the Assembly that the most complete measures shall be taken for their future security; andthey have been ascured in turn, that they will be held responsible by the Assembly—that is 80 I think the people of Paris feel more and more se- cure. after each attempt to disturb the public peace They have not been accustomed to see a people govern: and when they see how much good sense and good faith the masses possess, and how promptly they call hoth into requisition, it ereates confidence in the doubting, of the ability of the people to maintain a government and preserve order. The masses will not disturb France—it is only the few unprincipled and ambitious leaders. taking advantage of circumstances, like the case of Poland, to operate upon the sympathies of the people Mail clones at 4, to-day OBSERVER Panis, May 18, 1848 Atlempt at Counter-Revolution—Its Failurs—4r- rest of the Instigators, $c Th there were the delegations from the different depart- ments. In the midst of these deputations, was seen in a ce- briolet driven by himself, a man still young, with a — biack beard, and who from time to time turned roun: to give orders to the platoon by which he was followed This way Hubert, coudemued in 1838, set at liberty by the revolution of February. ‘The number of this latter body may, without A 4 ration, be stated at seveniy or eighty thousand. ‘he head of this immease cortege had arrived at the Made- leine, whilst the end of it had not passed the Porte St. D At every instant, mse crowd made the air ring with shouts of * Vive la Pologne Vive Ja Republique!’ From time to time, and from some of the groups, issued, almost stealthily, the cry of “ Vive Louis Biane! but this vivat, we are bound to say, found few echoes, and was not welcomed but by asig- nificative silence. This immense assembly marched to the Palais Bour- bon. Some few battalions of the Guard Mobile were now posted on the Pont dela Revolution. The cortege defiled in good order in the m-ddle of the bridge, re- peating the cries of “ Vive la Pologne !”’ “ Vive la Re- publique !"” ‘There an incident occurred which became the subject of false statements. This we believe to ba the true version:—Some of the operatives said that the soldiers’ guns were loaded, when two or three young men who had done so without orders, discharged them, and this gave rise to the report that the soldiers ha fired on the people. ‘The head of the cortege having passed the Pont de la Revolution, proceeded down the Rue Bourgogne, and went tothe door of the National Assembly, which was opposite to the Place du Palais Bourbon. This door was closed, but this obstacle was not of a kind to stop the crowd, every instant growing more formidable by fresh accessions. The two railings which were on either side of the gates were sealed by some of the mob, who mounted on the shoulders of their com- panions, and the door was forced; the crowd then made an entry by this ingress, which was offered them it is said that General Courtais, the commandant of the National Guard, and who isa member of the Na- tional Assembly, came out to meet the mob, and went with them into the National Assembly. Whilst the Assembly was in full session, this body burst open the door behind the seat of the President. ‘The sentinels and huissiers were thrown down by the pressure of the crowd. They bore into the hall thelr anuners, and with one voice shouted “ Vive la Pologne !"? M. Barbes, followed by some twenty of the crowd, ascended the tribune, and attempted to address ther those who followed him likewise attempte but all were inaudible amidst the again re; of “Vive la Pologne !? ‘The President proposed to adjourn the Assambly, but this proposition tree met on all sides by cries of “no! no!” he relinquished the chair to one of the vice presidents, M. Corbon, The members remained seated. Several ladies who were in ‘the galleries attempted to fly, but were most of them restrained by the entreaties and gestures of the members The report of a mxsket was heard outside, and pro- duced general consternation. In the midst of this universal confusion, the members preserved their dig- nity and calmness. Up to this moment, the object of the crowd appeared to be all centred in their sympathy for an oppressed people On a sudden, Blanqui and Raspail ap scene, and from that moment th sumed another character. ‘The middle ofthe hall was completely filed by people, who shouted and gesticulated violently; banners were broken, fights ensued, and the uproar became perfectly fearful M. Ledru Rollin mounted the tribune, and attempted to speak, but in vain; and he quitted the tribune.— ‘The mob raised Blanqui in their arms, and carried him to the tribune; he, too, in attempted to obtain a hearing. At length Barbés succeeded in obtaining a moment’s calm, when he exclaimed, ‘Citizens, you have come to present a petition.” A ‘multitude of voices responded, “ Yes! yes!” and all again was chaos. Raspail again ascended the tribune, with a paper in his hands; and, on seeing him, there arose a universal shout of “ Silence!” Two new banners now entered the hall—one the “Club de la Montagne; the other, the “ Wounded of the barricade Saint Mery.” A man now in a voice of thunder, said: “ Ras- pailis about to speak!” Raspail at length obtained a waring. and said: “I will speak to you of the events of Rouen—the people demand a Minister of Labor.”* Again all was chaos! Barbés at last succeeded in saying, “ I declare that « tax of 1000 millions shall be levied on the rich—who- ever shall order the rappel” (for calling out the troops) “to be beat, shall be declared a traitor!’ And again confusion was in the ascendant. At 4o’clock, Hubert mounted on the shoulders of some of his comrades, and a comparative quiet ensued “Inthe name of the people,” said he— in the nam: of the people whose voice the National Acsembly would not hear, I declare the National Assembly dissolved.” (fremendous cheers and shouting by the inob.) Immediately, some twenty men of the mob forced the President from his cbair, whilst some others produced » list of @ provisional government, and read it to the mob. A shout arose, * To the Hotel de Ville.”” At this cry the whole mass left the Chamber, and proceeded to the Hotel de Ville, after having proclaim- ed a provisional government, consisting of Barbés, Le- dru Rollin, Louis Blanc, Albert, Thorée, Blanqui, Ca- bot, Raspail, Flocon, Leroux, Caussidiére. The whole of what we have recounted passed (strange as it may appear) without the least interruption by the National Guards or the troops; but this is explain- ed by Gen. Courtais, who is charged as having been a party in the conspiracy. and is now in custody as one of the conspirators, having either omitted to give or- ders for, or decidedly given orders to prevent their in tervention The victorious demonstration in their march to the Hotel de Ville made the air resound with unceasing shouts of “ Vive Barbés!” “Vive Blanqui!”” “ Vive Louis Blanc !”” After having passed the quays, in the midst of an astonished populace, they arrived, about five o'clock. at the Place de I'Hotel de Ville, which was oecupied by séveral battalions of the National Guard and Garde Republican. The windows of the Hotel were filled with thousands, who seemed to be wholly engrossed by the expectation of some great drama to be enacted. The were kept by the troops, who appeared dispos ed to. resist force by force; but in spite of them, Barbés, Blanqui Raspail and Hubert, with their followers, forced an en- trance. A member of one of the clubs mounted on one of the gates and read a proclamation of the pretended provisional government. At the Hotel de Ville, the benners of the clubs were substituted for the national colors, which were torn down by the mob, and the peo. ple stationed at the windows again shouted. “ Vive Barbés !” © Vive la republique demoeratique |” Barbis mounted on a table in one of the sales of the Hotel, read again and proclaimed the names of the new provisional government. Many objections were made to the names of Ledru Rollin and Flocon, which ended in the former being Accepted and the latter rejected The names of Sobrier, Thoré, and Proudbon, were add- ed. and the urovisional government duly inaugurated Acry now arose “ They are surrounding the Hotel and are about to kill our friends; make haste, Citizen Barbs?!” and a general panic, considerably increased by the report of a musket fired without. took possession of this assembly of some 3000 or 4000 men in blouses Tables and chairs were thrown down and each sought the means of escape. Barbés, after a moment’s hesita- tion, retired into an adjoining room for greater secuti- ty, where he was soon joined by several members of his government. They wrote the names of the new gover! iment on slips of paper. which the people threw to those in the space below trom the windows. By some the lists were torn. by others the names were proclaimed to thbee around them. The “ guerall * was now heard without, and the troops were forming into dense squares. The tumult became frightful. Barbies and his friends posted armed men at the door of their retreat. Barbies and his coadjutors wero busily engaged in forming a Ministry, when a body of the National Guards broke into their salle. “ Barbés? which is Bar- box?” was their first question. “He is our prisoner!” Nover ! to arme, my friends! “To arms !’ was the re- joinder by hisguard. “ You shall march over our dead bodies to capture him !"* A greater number of Nation- al Guards now presented themselves, but all were op- posed by # determined resistance of the guardians of the so-called provisioual government, A cry of * Vive Lamartine !’ was heard, and soon M. de Lamartine presented himeelf to aid and give au- thority to the troops. Barbis was now seized and led off to prison, Albert and Thor’ soon shared the same fate, and also some 70 of their new lieges, Reports of these various events spread throughout Paris, and all was alarm and consternation ; the rappel was beaten throughout Paris, and some 150,000 men were under arms Soon after the evabuation of the hall of the Assem- bly, the Assembly resumed its session, Amongst the members, a large number of National Guards, accom- panied by General Courtais, presented themselves. No sooner was he observed than one unanimous cry of ared on the ¢ muhifestation as- A great event has signalized this era since the date of my last letter—nothing less than a counter revo- lution, a new provisional government, a new adminis- tration, formed and crushed; the Chamber occupied by © new Assembly ; the guillotine and a committee of public safety voted ; the Hotel de Ville occupied ; pro- elamations prepared—and all this again crushed ; and the government deposed, and its chiefs sent to Vin- connes! Pray, don’t think [am joking ; truth is often more wonderful than fiction, But to my story. I begin with the memorable morning of Monday, the 15th May, in the year of our Lord 1848. ‘This morning, from 10 o'clock, groat agitation was observable in all quarters of Paris ; every one was ac- costing his neighbor, and asking the news; and the on on all aides betokened the anticipation rome coming events of more than ordinary impor. tance. The report most generally in circulation was. that an immense body of operatives had met in the ‘ace de ja Bastille, round the column of July, and in the Champ de Mare; and it was said the project of these persons was to present themselves at the Na tional Assembly, and make « manifestation in favor of ane was observed with surprise that no military pre- ceation had been taken. We went throughout the converaal whole length of the Boulevards and the Place de la Concorde. and we only saw, in all thie distance, a picket of some 15 or 20 men of the Garde Mobile, posted at he aagle of the Rue St h txeos the no of about the 1 Honore and the boui About erative ‘ard tion » good order, by plat having @ commander a bof these platoo ted a corporation or r ical soot y haer,on which was ribed the body. The banners t n- that of the moeratic Societ The Wounded of Ju- 1882,’ “ The Foiitheal Victims,” &. &e, Besides “a has Court resounded from all sides, An officer of the National Guard tore bis epaulettes from his shoulder, and another wrested from him his sword, whilst others expelled him from the chamber. M. Clement Thomas, who had been appointed command. ant ad interim, mounted the tribune and said—“The National Assembiy is now und?r the protection of the National Guard.” ‘This was weleomed on all sides by nts of * Bi vive la Garde Nationale !"' reeponded to by “Vive Udssembiée Nationale !” and tho whole assembled bod: persons united then in one unani- mous shout of “Vive la Republique! M. de Lamartine now entered the Chamber and ascended the tribune He then addressed the Assem- bly, and said—Our first duty in to express our grati- tude to the National Guard, the Guard Mobile and the army ; they have deserved well of their country! (Yea, yes '— Vive la Garde Nationale!” “Vive la Garde Mo- hile! © Vive la Ligne! burst from all sides.) M. de Lamartine added, “ Our next duty is to take imme- diately such steps as the urgency of the circumstances demands, and the Executive government shall not be found wanting in its duty.’’ The Minister of Justice declared that the majesty of the law should be vindi- cated. The executive government then retired, and the Assembly continued its session. General Courtais was arrested and givon into custo- dy of the National Guard; and in addition to those already named, Sobrier, Respail and several others, have since been arrested. The prisoners have since, with the exception of Ge- ueral Courtais, been sent to Vincennes, aud orders have been issued for their trial for the conspiracy to overthrow the government. The effect of this has, like every other plot, discover- ed and defeated, been'an accession of strength and stability tothe government. On its announcement at the Bourse, the funds suddenly rose, the Threes from 44 to 48, being equivalent to 10 per cont, and the Fives from 64 to 71 The spectacle presented by Parison the following day. Tuesday, the 16th was that of a city ina state of siege. Not less than 300000 men were under arms; borides the entire adult male population, under 60, which formed a National Guard, there was the entire body of regular troops of every arm. The palace of the National Anemibiy ed by a dense mass of surround. taken of the was , the seat cou; uard at each chief post. only, being on Meanwhile. Renives teens ve been pouring into Paris from the departments; and there is at present in the capital a force so enormous as to render all attempts at revolt, without the aid of the National Guard, absolute in- sanit, Assembly shows itself e moderate in its republican spirit. and no doubt re- mains that the predominant party in it, will be that of the left centre of the ex-Chamber ; indeed, many persons entitled to credit, entertain the opinion alrea- dy, that a reaction will ensue, and that the country will relapse into s constitutional monarchy. INVESTIGATOR. Panis, May 18, 1848. The Paris Bourse and Money Market. The market was arising one to-day, but not so freely as yesterday. The speculators who were desirous to realize, were numerous; still the aniounts of small capi- tals remitted from theprovinces forming a somewhat considerable sum in the aggregate, kept up prices pret- ty well, which would have been still highter if somo fear in the want of energy in the Exécutive government had not prevented it. The sitting of yesterday of the Na- tional Assembly, and the explanation given by M. Caumiditre, gave rise to some dismal forebodings. It waseven said that the Prefect of Police had again found new panegyrists, However, as it was known that his resignation had been accepted, prices rose during the last half hour. A multitude of reports were spread about, which, however, found few persons to believe them. It was said that the “ rappel’? had beea beaten in the fau- bourg Montmartre, and that some disorders had taken place in the Faubourg St. Antoine, It was also said tho station of the North railway had been set on fire; ‘but this was soon contradicted by persons who cacie from the spot. ‘The reports hud, however. caused some troops of the line and National Guards to be sent there; but there was no necessity for such a step. ‘There was a meeting of ouvriers, at La Chapelle, and the workmen of the North railway still continued their strike. ‘This did not, howover, affect the North shares, in which there was a slight improvement. ‘The other railways were iu demand, and the greater number ef them roxe on yesterday’s quotations. It is said that M. Garnier Pages would have presented his project as to the railways before this, but for the disorders which have occurred. It was said to-day that he still retains the same plan as was previously known to have been determined on by him, viz: to re-purchase at the average price of che six months preceding the revolution of February, and giviug as indemnity 5 per cent stockg, at par; but it is believed that the Finance Committee will introduce important modifications in it, Bank shares appeared inclined to continue to rise, but as soon as they touched 1390, they suddenly fell to the quotation of yesterday. Much doubt was enter- tained as to the showing of the weekly account of F' day next. It would comprise the accounts of the local banks fused with the bank itself, and would also con- tain an item of a new advance to the treasury, ‘The more favorable accounts from the Italian army and Rome, caused a rise in Romanjand riedmont funds. Premium on gold 20 to 22 50. Exchange—nothing doing. Three Per Cents, 48 a 48 25; Fives, 71 60. INVESTIGATOR. Manseriues, (Fraxce,) May 1. 1848. Age of Revolutions—A Feiv Hints to the Present Con- gress. day more Mr Dear Bennett :— You have heard of the revolution in Rome, and the state of the Pope. * ‘ * * * It is sincerely and earnestly to be hoped that the present session of Congress will not adjourn without something having been done for the revision and ame- lioration 6f the so called consular system—heaven save the mark !—which, up to the present period, in all its ramifications, is an unpardonable disgrace to the, in other respects, liberal policy of the United States. It #8 a most remarkable fact, and strikes with amaze- menteven the most petty of Europeau powers, that so great a country as ours should persist in treating with such culpable neglect and indifference this large class of worthy public functionaries, the good organization of which is of such immense importance to the grand commercial interests of the Union in foreign lands. The urgent necessity of remodelling this disgraceful ~ystem and placing it upon a similar respectable foot- sng with that of England, France and Russia, has been repeatedly brought before Congress. particularly by that most able of statesmen. Mr. Buchanan, and as often has it been treated with lofty contempt, as a sub- ject totally unworthy of legislatién. But the time is fast approaching when, unless some active measures are taken for improving it, an. raising it to the digni- ty which the present position and importance of our foreign relations demand, American nation can never assume abroad that distinguished rank to which it is justly entitled, and which it is incumbent upon her foreign representatives to be able to maintain. In & few plain words, what is the present consular system? Nothing more or less than a shameful mock- ery. A large body of otherwise very worthy men are sent every four years into foreign lands, often without the slightest preparation for the task they assume—ig- norant of the language and customs of the people amongst whom they are to reside, and without one cent furnished them for the absolute and primary wants of their office. This latter fact is unknown to many in our country, and American travellers in Europe are often struck dumb with astonishment when, by their inter- course with the consular corps, they learn. for the first time. that they receive no remuneration for their ser- vices. Under such conditions, it 1s not at all astonish- ing that so few capable men can be found who are wil- ling to serve their country in such a capacity, obliged, asthey must be, to live upon their own income, and that without the most distant prospect of promotion. Ihe little book of * instructions” furnished in Wash- ington to this estimable class of functionaries, pre- vious to their departure for their respective posts, merits that [ should extract a line or two, which will give you some idea of the extreme liberality of our go- verninent towards them. Under the head of “ Ex- penses allowed to Consuls,” they are coolly and expli- citly informed that the paper upon which they are re- quired to write their despatches must be paid for out of their ewn pocket! They are to procure, the best way they can, thoir own ink, quills, sealing wax and sand; and all the government feels disposed to pay ix the postage upon the above-mentioned despatches (which, however, they must first pay in advance, both when received and sent), and then, if they choose, «end in their little bill to the Department of State for liquidation. Their office rent they must also shell out of their own gee purse, together with all other ex- penses to which, as consuls, arriving for the first time in a — land, they are necessarily subjected. These are shameful facts, which are now becoming ge- nerally known, and which call loudly for thorough reform In truth, for this reason, the consular system abroad omreag og A in Italy, is a horrible nuisance, and it would be infinitely better if our government, instead of sendi ersons under such circumstances, and on such conditions, would keep them at home. and have no consuls at all. Under the pretext of “ protecting” their fellow citizens. many of them are forced, in order to obtain the humble means of subsistence, toofferthem “that protection which wolves offer to lambs, covering and devouring them,” and it is for this simple reason that American Consulates, particularly in Italy, in stead of being at it were “oases in the desert,” are now much more willingly avoided than sought after, by the traveller. The Consuls are not at all to blame for this wretched state of things, but rather the legisla- tive body in Washington, who by their incessant ne- glect of the ameliorations required in this abominable system, foree them to lay on the heavy and unlawful tax of two dollars upon every American who arrives.in order to save themselves from bankruptcy and perhaps starvation. The lawful fees upon which Congress expects the Consular corps to live do not amount in many places toa ten dollar bill! To sustain themselves, then, recourse must be had to charges upon their fellow-citi- tens, the justice of which bas never been satisfactorily established. How humiliating and painful it must be, to find themselves forced, in order t ubsist, to gouge poor Jack out of his hard earned wages ! The poor sailor, on being discharged in port, is not only forced by Con- gress to pay two and « half per cent on his trifling wa- ges, to the Consul, bat the Captains compel him, in addition, to pay the fee for the ‘certificate of discharge,’ and all the expenses of consular stamps required for shipping another man, which amounts to several dol- lars. All this must come out of the poor weather- beaten marin ‘ket, and the 244 per cent, by order of Congress ! in, apassport is, for example, in every respect, a great nuisancto a traveller in Europe, Well, in additina to being en route obliged to take it out and show it at every little turnpike gate and feeing the officer for looking at it, tobe forced ov.r and above to pay an American consul two dollars for merely writing his name upon tt, is an unworthy aggravation of the nui- sance, which a prompt law of Congress should obviate. by according them a trifling pittance upon which to live decently, as American representatives ought to live, and thus prevent sorespectable a body from being obliged to have recourse to such undignified and un- popular means of gaining a subsistence, At this pre- sent moment the eyes of all Europe are directed towards our country, some for the purpose of studying and ad- miring the principles of our organization, but many others, and much the larger class, with the sole view of searching out its faults and exposing its weak points. with the hope of thus being able to depreciate our in- fluence and operate against the progress of republican ae throughout this Continent. How necessary is it, then, by improving what is really unworthy of us as a nation, by introducing proper amelioratiens in our bp of foreign intercourse, to ueprive our enemies of the pleasure of finding fault and continually tagowing bs the insinuation in our faces, of the close-fistedners of our Grand Republic. A country is often, and with reason, judged of by its representatives abroad. How all important fs {*, then, particularly at this present mo- ment, to havea refined, polished. well educated, well paid, independent set of men at the head of the various consulates, capable of well and efficiently Teprosenting their country as it really is, and sustaining themselves face to face with John Bull, who now towers over us with his usual supercilius pride, because Her British Majesty's Government sends abroad picked men and remunerates them well, while ours sends the first who beg for it and forces them to pay their own expenses When a.. American arrives in Europe, and sees that the English, Russian and F pay their co from three to five thousand dollars a year. besides con- tributing a contingent fund for office expenses.postaze, &e. it is no longer any wonder to him that those coun. tries are everywhere so ably represented. and that their consuls are capable of taking and occupying such respectable positions, avd thus do honor to their res- pective governments, For the honor of the American republic, Congress ought seriously and in earnest to take this question from under the table, and that im- mediately. and place the consular system beyond the teach of the chuckling smirk of ridicule and inferiority avenues to } with which it is viewed by European pationy NEW YORK HERALD. torth-West Corner of Fulton and Hassan sts. JAMES GORDON BESSBETT, Mg PROPRIETOR, SuUERMENTS ‘TO-MORROW EVENING. ay 5S \TRE—Cuances L—Hasty ComoLtsion—Brmr. son BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery—Eunesreix—Desrnten— Horen. CHATHAM THEA’ Chattam street—Cuaos in Come Prony ey Oax Genenion Yous as It lo—Lamp Suanxe AND ULL. NIBLO’S, Astor Place—Viewwowe Cunpaxs—Man Wirn- our A Hrav—RoLanp vor AN Oxiven. CASTLE GARDEN—Tux Two B'n0vs—Mavamx AvavsTa— Macio MinRor. PANORAMA PANORAMA OF THE Gunurys PR ae Baul, ing “Aga Broome- Broadway, near Houstoa—Banvany’s MELODEON, Bowery—Vinowra Miverncss. ho. TONE ur CASTLE GARDEN—Sacrep Concer, New York, Sunday, June 4, 1648. Actual Circulation of the Herald. June 3, Sati Daily ..... 4.46. 20,280 copies. send Weekly... 10,704 The publication of she Herald commenced yorterday st 24 minutes before 4, and finished at 15 minutes be- fore 8 o’siock. ‘The Sunday Herald We desire to inform that portion of our subscribers who take the Herald at their stores and places of busi- ness during the week, that if they desire it, the Sunday Herald will bo left at their residences every Sunday morning, at two cents per copy, payable to the carrier. We desire, alse, to inform the public at large, that the Sunday Herald can be subscribed for separately, and will be left by our carriers at their residences, by leav- ing directions to that effect at the publishing office, North-west corner of Fulton and Nassau streets. We wish it to be distinctly understood by all, that our re- gular carriers are not authorized, in any case, to charge more than two centa for the Sunday Herald, and we will be obliged to any person who hears of a violation of this rule, to report it to us. We learn that the com- munity have been very much imposed upon in regard to the Sunday Herald, and we are determined to apply a remedy. The Foreign News—Our Foreign Private Cor- respondence, We give in our columns to-day, nearly the whole of our pnvate foreign correspondence, which we received yesterday from Boston, and which was brought to that port by the steamer Niagara, from Liverpool. We have drawn the attention of the publi, frequently,to the high character which marks the private foreign correspondonce of the New York Herald. In amore especial manner, we now invite our readers to peruse attentively the letters from Paris, which we furnish in to-day’s paper, giving a full and exceedingly graphic account of the recent insurrection of the socialists against the National Assembly, which was fortunately put down by the good sense and general union of all parties in that great metropolis. A perusal of this exceedingly interesting corres- pondence, describing the recent scenes in Paris, is equally, and perhaps more deeply, interesting than the famous history of similar events which are recorded by Lamartine in his history of the Giron- dists. There is a striking and remarkable analo- gy in the circumstances, the ideas, the cries, the policy, and the efforts of those insurrectionists, with many of those which took place under the old republic during the regime of the old conven- tion. Fortunately, however, the socialists, or modern terrorists, including the Fourierites and the communists of the sections, have not the phy- sical power or the intellectual capacity which their ancestors of the old revolution possessed, under the leadership of Robespierre and St. Just. The French public men of the present dey have more practical knowledge of public affairs, and their leaders unite more practical courage with phy- sical energy, than the Girondists of the old revolu- tion did. It is a curious coincidence, indeed, that Louis Blanc’s personal appearance, man- ners, dress, and demeanor, resemble in a strong degree those traits which distinguished the Robespierre of a former age. But the Girondists of 1848 are a different race of men and politicians from those of the last century, led on by Madame Roland and her coterie. Ledru Rollin may be ta- ken to be the Danton of the present republic. For- tunately, however, Lamartine snatched him from the centre of the socialist camp, took him into the executive committee, and by dividing the counsels and the strength of the socialists, con- tributed to defeat them, and to preserve intact the power of allthe moderate and conservative sec- tions in the National Assembly. It has also been avery fortunate circumstance for the success of the republic, that this insurrection was attempted at the period at which it broke out, Had it been delayed until divisions had taken place among the great conservative parties, it is likely that the im- pudent and audacious faction of terrorists, though greatly in a minority, might have accomplished more mischief and done more injury to liberty, in a divided assembly than they have done to ene that is united. This new and extraordinary phase of the French republic, is most fully, clearly and remarkably de- scribed in our private foreign correspondence, furnished to our readers to-day. We are more and more encouraged in the firm conviction that the republic will be successful in establishing its government, and maintaining its position in the heart of Europe. In some respects the French people present si r characteristics to the American people. Here,in the United States, our business men—our practical politicians—those useful persons who work silently in committee— are generally the delegates from the Northern and Middle States, where you find the manufacturers, the men of business, the financiers, and the whole practical talent of the nation. The most of the splendid orators in Congress, and of our popular leaders, are generally Southern men. It is a re- markable fact that similar characteristics prevail in France. The French nation is composed of two races—the Southern and the Northern. The South- em supply the republic with all its splendid ora- tors, its fine poets, its exquisite historians, its ori- ginal philosophers, and its remarkable thinkers. The Northern furnishes the bankers, the men of bu- siness, the manufacturers, the mechanicians, the practical lawyers, and all men of real practical ta- lent. United together in a National Assembly, we have the strongest faith in their ability to produce a useful and working constitution for France, and to give it such a form of republican govern- ment as will place the the thirty-six millions forming the French republic, far ahead of every other nation in Europe. [f peace be preserved in Europe, and the factions that cry out for foreign war can be put down, there is no danger or difficul- ty before the French republic. ¢ has an army and a navy, stationed on the land and naval fron- tiers, sufficient to protect her from the whole of Europe around her; but to her physical and intel- lectual power of defence, may be added the revo- lutionary condition of Germany, Italy, England, Ireland, the Netherlands, all around her. ‘The imperial despot of the North, with all his power and all his hatred to democracy, dare not touch France, if she chooses to preserve peace, to keep within her own limits, to organise her own inter- nal government, and take care of her own inte- rests, | Such is the position of the great European repub- | lie—noble, glorious, and encouraging to all the friends of liberty throughout the world. May God protect her in all that is mght, and pardon her in all that she is wrong! Generar Tayton.—The Washington Unron of | yesterday states on Information received feom a mem: | ber of the Court of Inquiry, that Gei Taylor will not be witnes, and in not coming to Washington. ————— Orniein oy Nativist.—Our contemporary, the Tribune, in its political lucubrations, states, that the native excitement eriginated in 1844, among the locofocos in this city, in consequence of the unequal distribution of the municipal offices. We believe Tribwne makes a gross blunder in thus ing the origin of the natives in this city. Their real origin took place in a different quarter. A year before that, if we are not mic- taken, a meeting took place in Carroll Hall, in this city, at which Bishop Hughes made a splendid speech relative to the school system, and advocat- ed a distinct organization, as a party, of the Irish voters of this metropolis, in order to accomplish the particular measure they had in view. We believe this attempt, which was partially successful at the time, was the first ever made in this country to organise the natural- ised citizens of foreign birth, on such a narrow ground, for the purpose of operating on the election of any candidate, in this country. It certainly was the first distinct political movement of such a cha- racter, in which a holy bishop of the Catholic church made his appearance, delivered an eloquent speech, and took part in political agitation, so different and so opposite to his duties as a clergy- man, a8 a naturalized citizen, and as a good man. ‘This singularand extraordinary attempt to organize the Irish citizens was the foundation of the native excitement in New York, because it furnished an opportunity to those who hated and execrated the Irish voters to organize and form a party, by way of counteracting the movement at Carroll Hall. The results of this movement are well known. The riots in Philadelphia, the burning of two Catholic churches, and the violence of those days, may all be traced to their legitimate and na- tural origin, the meeting in Carroll Hall, and the importance given to it by the splendid and elo- quent speech delivered by Bishop Hughes, of the holy Catholic church. ‘This was the real origin of the native American excitement; and any attempt to give any other ori- gin toit, is an attempt to falsify history, and to publish untruth, when all the world knows the contrary. Tue Inpians.—There have been risings of the Indians against the whites, in several places, much about the same time—in Yucatan, in some parts of Mexico, in Texas, in La Platte, in the Northwestern Territory, in Oregon, and as was reported, a few days ago, in Wisconsin Territory. In several of these places they have committed fearful ravages. Yucatan is by this time, it is pro- bable, entirely in their power; the settlement of the Mormons, on Salt Lake, is said to have been cut off, and in Oregon their excesses have been frightful. There must surely be some concert and plan in this simultaneous action. There must be some Tecumseh moving. If this be the case, we may look out for trouble, and the red men may boust of their revolutions as well as the white men. The wild Indian is now revolutionizing, as well as the polished Parisian. Orgra Movements—Atrempr at 1ts Re-Esta- BLISHMENT.—One of our contemporaries, in eu- logising the ability and acquirements of Mr. Fry— who has undertaken to create a world out of no- thing, and to re-establish the Italian Opera in this city during the next season—states that the gentle- man in question has already sent directions to Italy for the importation of additional Opera sing- ers, both male and female. We by no means approve of this contemplated importation. It is on a par with the blunder, and error, and folly which the old managers of the Astor Place Opera committed; and which has caused its failure in the face of as prosperous a season as they had any right to expect. The old Opera management sent Sanquirico to Italy, and imported double and treble sets of Opera singers, at a great expense, without any judicious arrange- ment, but costing an immense expense, which swallowed up their receipts, so that they could not continue the season or pay their debts. We are credibly informed that the aggregate receipts of the Opera, before it was broken down, were over seventy thousand dollars; yet, in eonsequence of bad management, their expensive arrangements, and their ridiculous conduct, they have failed to meet their debts, by about sixteen or seventeen thousand dollars—besides, we believe, cheating the subscribers out ef one-third of their subscription money. If Mr. Fry intends to pursue the same lavish and grasping system of inviting a number of new vo- calists from Italy to thig country, while there are plenty here, he will endas the late trumpery mana- gers did. We have materials enough in this coun- try for two excellent Opera companies, perfect in every respect. Whatis the use, therefore, in send- ing for further materials, paying their passage mo- ney, paying them for doing nothing, and wasting the profits on ambitious and foolish arrangements? It would, indeed, be jumping out of the frying pan into the fife. Crean Srreets.—We find, in pursuance of a resolution passed in the Board of Assistant Al- dermen, in relation to cleaning the streets, that the committee of that board have taken the matter up, and made a report on the 22d of May last. We are not informed whether it has been acted on or not; but if not, it ought to be taken in hand imme- diately by both Boards, as it seems to us to con- tain some excellent suggestions; indeed, the com- mittee recommend doing away, altogether, with the present system. They very pointedly state “that the system, if system it may be called, is wrong, and that the city will never be blessed with clean streets, nor be rid of the tremendous and an- nually increasing expenditure to which the people are now subject, until it is abolished, and some other plan adopted.” Experience has fully proved the truth of this statement. For years the street cleaning depart- ment has been going on from bad to wgrse. The greater the expenditure and outlay of money, the more filthy the streets are kept. This is abundant- ly proved by the fact that in 1846, the expenditure for cleaning the streets was $158,439 79; while in 1847, the expenses were $180,059. Now every citizen recollects, that filthy as the city was kept in 1846, it was at least 20 per cent worse in 1847. The report contains another very remarkable state- ment, namely, that in 1846 the receipts for the sale of manure were $41,242 49, while in 1847 the receipts for manure sold, were only $29,687; showing, contrary to general principles, that the greater the outlay the less the returns. It this fact does not prove, it at least strengthens, the hypothe- sis we have above laid down, that the extrava- gance of this department of the city government acts asa sort of premium for keeping the streets dirty. We cannot understand why the same system adopted in Paris and London is not pursued inthis city. In both those places, contracts are entered into with persons by the year, for cleansing the streets, lanes and alleys of those capitals, and for carting it away. The contractors have large yards,or receptacles, at a convenient distance from the city, where 1t is dumped, until sold, and carried away by the farmers and market gardeners in the vicinity of those places. Besides, the contractors are bound to provide gangs of laborers at a certain hour every morning, and have the streets cleaned and in perfect order before the business begins; and we believe that in London and Paris, the sale of the manure pays, or nearly all expenses.— Indeed, we know that in London it not only pays all expenses, but leaves a havdsome sum to the credit of the city treasu It is surprising, there- fore, that the Corporation does not sire such a | system in this city. We think, at least they | should give it a trial; and in domg so, we would impress upon them to bind contractors to employ laborers at an early hour in the morning—say four or five o’clock—so that the city may, be swept _ cleaned before business hours, which will greatly | tend to preserve the health of the citizens. | Summary. A government courier arrived at Washingt: | yesterday, from the city of Mexico, with despate es from Messrs. Clifford and Sevier, the pea Commissioners, The information thus receiv: is highly favorable to the ratification of the treat Indeed, a telegraphic despatch from Macon, Ga given below, contains the assurance that the trea has been adopted by one branch of the Mexioz Congress. Even if this should prove prematur we have no doubt that positive intelligence « similar imgort will be received here in a ver short time, A We also annex a telegraphic despatch, receive by the Philadelphia Bulletin. The simple assertio that we have already published news from the cit of Mexico one or two days later than that pu porting to furnish this exciting intelligence, is su ficient to stamp the Budletin’s despatch a magnif cent hoax. In Congress, yesterday, little was done. Th Senate adjourned over to Thursday next, unques tionably to attend the Whig National Convention at Philadelphia. The House adjourned over t Monday, when a further adjournment will proba. bly take place. Ratification of the Treaty with Mexico. Macon, June 3, 1848. The treaty was ratified by the Chamber of De. puties, on the 17th ult. at 6} o’clock, P.M. Vote 51 to 35. The other branch of Congress will no doubt approve it by a large vote. Highly Important—Ratification of the Treaty Confirmed, &e. Battiaone, June 3, 1848, A private letter has beon received here from Jalapa, dated the 20th ult., which confirms the ratificatien of the treaty. PALS ITES Si j Arrival of a Bearer of Despatehes from Mex co. Wasnixcrox. June 3-6 o'clock, P. M. A government bearer of despatches from Commis- sioners Clifford and Sevier, has just arrived. He left Mexico on the 15th. The vote on the treaty was not then taken, but it was ascertained distinctly that the vote in the affirm: tive would exhibit a large majority. This gentle left the steamer Edith at Vera Cruz, in readiness to bring the news. Peace is considered here fully established. Preshyterian Conference—The Ratification of the Treaty, dec. &. ‘Bautimone, June 3 1848 ‘The Presbyterian Conference adjourned. to-day, sine die, The next session will be held in Pittsburg. A bearer of despatches from Messrs, Clifford and Se- vier has arrived in Washington from Mexico, confirm- ing the ratification of the treaty. General Scott is indisposed. General Cass dined with President Polk to-day. Generals Shiclds and Pillow. Bautimo: June 3. 1848, Generals Shields and Pillow arrived at Frederick yes- terday, from the Wes THIRTIETH CONGRESS. FIRST SESSION. Wasnixardy, June 3, 1848. Senate. The Senate convened at the usual hour, and was called to order by Mr. Atchison, President pro tem. A FETITION FOR NEW RAILROAD BETWEEN NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. ‘A petition was presented by Mr. Stuncxon, of Penn- lvanis, from citizens of Philadelphia. praying Con- gress to ‘authorise the building of « new railroad as port route between that city and New York. It was duly received, and referred to the committee on the post office and post roads. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, Kc Mr. Unprrwoop. of Kentucky, offered a resolution in favor of requiring the cominissioner of patents to report annually the products of agriculture, of manu- factures, and the prices of labor employed thereon, Mr. Brxtox opposed the passage of the resolution, and gave his reasons why he thought it ought not to pass. He said such a measure would pro pentive and useless. Mr. Uxprxwoon replied, and spoke at some length in favor of the resolution he had offered. and urged many reasons to show the necessity and utility of the mea- " jure. Mr. Bextox rejoined, and went on to state other ob- jections. Mr. Unprawoon again replied, and poke with ability and animation in favor of the resolution. and in an- swer to many of the leading objections urged by Mr. Benton. On motion, the subject was then informally lata aside. AN ADJOURNMENT TO ATTEND THE WHIG NATIONAL CONVENTIO On motion, it was agreed that whon the Senate ad- journ, it do so from next Monday to the Thursday following. THE OREGON BILL. Mr. Bricur, of Indiana, moved that the Senate take up the Oregon bill, which was agreed to. Mr. Foorr. of Mississippl, offered an amendment to the bill, which he thought would obviate objections made on the part of the South to the 12th section. Mr. Brian accepted the amendment. Mr. Westcorr, of Florida, spoke at some length in opposition to it, as ineffectual and deceptive in its cha- racter. Mr. Foors replied at some length. ir, Uxperwoop addressed the Senate in favor of leaving the people of Oregon free to act on the ques- tion of slavery themselves, and offered an amendment to that effect. Mr. Dayton, of New Jersey, inquired of the Senator from Kentucky, whether he admitted that Congress had aright to exclude slavery from the territory of Oregon. Mr Uxprnwoop stated in reply. that he admitted that Congress had such power while Oregon remained a territory, but hoped that the whole aubject would be left to the people of the territory. Mr. Batpwix, of Connecticut, followed. After he had concluded, Mr. Bano, of North ment, inserting in the shall not be subject to the sixth article of the compact contained in the ordinance of 1787.” Mr. Foote accepted the amendment, as a modifi- cation, Without taking any question, the subject was passed over. ‘Mr. Hate, of New Hampshire, has the floor for Mon- day. é DEPOSITING A FLAG. Mr. Dayton, of New Jersey, submitted a resolution in favor of depositing the fing presented to Congress yesterday, in the Department of State, which was adopted. Mr, Hannecan, of Indiana, moved that the Senate go into Executive session, which was agreed to, and ter some time apent therein, the doors were opened, and the Senate adjourned over till Monday. House of Representatives. The House convened at 11 o'clock. and was called to order by the Speaker, when the journal was read and approved. NATURALIZATION Laws. Mr. Simmons made an unsuccessful effort to get up his bill respecting the naM@tralization of citizens. rious bills wader consideration yesterday, were taken up and passed. Mr. Vinrox. of Ohio, moved that the House resol itself into a committee of the whole on the state of the Union. which was agreed to. Mr. Rockwell, of Con- necticut, in the chair, THE NAVY APPROPRIATION BILL. The navy appropriation bill was then taken up, when Mr. Bropuran, of Pennsylvania, obtained the floor and made a democratic speech. in the course of which, he repudiated the Wilmet proviro, and said the whigs would have to do the same thing, if they runs man who takes noground on the subject, but who is himself bd ical slaveholder. After he had conc\nded, ch. . Brown, of Mississippi, followed in a political speech. ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. Mr. proposed an amendment in favor of a1 propriating five thousand dollars for astronomical ob- sorvations, Whereupon an amusing discussion grew up between Mr. Stanton, of Tennessee, Mr. Evans, of Maryland, and Mr. MoCielland. Mr. Evans’ speech was a brilliant affair, while that of Mr. Holmes, of South Carolina. was distinguished for high order’ of eloquence. hout arriving at any final action, the committoo rose and reported progress when, on motion, the House adjourned over till Mo: day. ‘On Monday, it islikely the House may adjourn over till Thursday, as well as the Senate. News from Mexico, Start! From the Phi ee i Arrival of an American Courier a mornii vs jection of the Treaty—Resumption of Hostilitiee—The Mexicans Arming—Paredes in the Hey Wasurxorox, June 2, 1848, , Collins, the government courier, arrived in Washin ion this moenieg. He left the city of Mexico on the Wfth of May, with despatches for our govern- ment, thus performing his journey in fourteen days id night. brings official news of the rejection of the treaty ' He says that there was great excitement at Quero- taro, and that the Meni people were arming on wal of ier. setae ban tote the field in person, but with what force he could net ascertain. Pena y Pena had been elected Prosident. Markets. Bosrox, June 3 —Flour—The market continues firm with sales of 1,200 barrels, mostly western brands, at $58734 © $6 37%. Corn—12.000 bushels western mixed, and yellow, changed hands at 62c a 560, Rye—Salos of 600 bushels at 75e, which ix cheaper. Oats cre firm, and in demand. Wo hear of 5,000 bushels at O00. In other articles there is no particular change,