The New York Herald Newspaper, June 2, 1848, Page 2

Rorth-West Corner of Fulton and Natsau sts. | JAMES GORDON SENNETT, | PROPRIETOR, DAILY NERALD—Boery day, (Sunday included.) two cents per copy 28 per annum. WEEKLY ABRALD—Brery Soturday-3 cents per copy £3 125; per ranwm—in the United States. Buropean subscribers $5 geo annum, to include the postage ; an edition (in the Prene) aw) Buglish Linguages), will be published on every European steam packet day, with intelligence from all parte of this con- tinent.t0 the Litest moment co be written Ima plain, legible manner ; the proprietor for errors in manuscript. i all Kinds executed beautifully, and with & received at the Publication Ujice, corner .f sou street TERS by mail, for subscriptions, oF with adver 10 be post pai the money remitted. VOLUNTARY CORRESPONDENCE, containing important news, solicited from any yuarter of the wortd—and Af used will be lider nlly pid for. NO NOTICE can be taken of anon Whatever is intended for insertion must be authenticated by me and address of the writer ; not necessarily for publt- fation, but as a guaranty of his good faith. We cannet under- 10 return cation’. ALL PAYMENTS to be made in advance, communications. AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. PARK THEATRE—Viewvoins (ascene ix TIRMENTS—Hasry Concisions—Navom vor & BOWERY TEEATRE, Bowery—Ornes10o—Oniver Twrsr. CHATHAM THEATKE, Chathow street.—THe MILLER AND 1s Mex—Naw Youu as Ir Is—Fara. Syow Stoxm. PANORAMA Ha! Pawonama OF THE R DIVER: Mover. Broadway, near Houston—Banvann’s MECHANICS’ HALL, Broadway, near onnmry's Mineratie—Ermorian Sivoo Bunsasqun AN CING, Bo. MELODEON, Bowery—Vinoinia Mivernea, £0. PALMO’S OPERA HOUSE, Chambers street—Mona An- riers, NEWARK, N, J., Concert Hall—Lavarar—Tue Secrat— i Porrr: DO New York, Friday, June 2, 1848. Actual Circulation of the Herald. June 1, Thursday, daily...... 19,820 copies. The publication of the Herald commenced yertar tay - 10 saad before 3, and finished at 15 minutes past o’clook. ‘The Sunday Herald We desire to inform that portion of our subscribers who take the Herald at their stores and places of busi- noss during the week, that if they desire it, the Sunday Herald will be left at their residences every Sunday morning, at two cents per copy, payable to the carrier. ‘We dosire, also, to inform the public at large, that the Sunday Herald can be subscribed for separately, and will be left by our carriers at their residences, by leav- ing directions to that effect at the publishing office, North-west corner of Fulton and Nassau streets. We wish it to be distinctly understood by all, that our re- gular carriers are not authorized, in any case, to charge more than two cents for the Sunday Herald, and we will be obliged to any person who hears of a violation of this rule, to report it to us, We learn that the com, munity have been very much imposed upon in regard to the Sunday Herald, and we are determined to apply a@ remedy. ss The Presidency—Important Political Move- ments. A public meeting of the friends of Gen. Tay- lor, took place last evening at Lafayette Hall. It was attended by the usual number, and the speeches were made up of the usual matter, and weat off in the ordinary style. A meeting of the friends of Mr. Clay will be held on the site of Niblo’s Garden to-night. A number of orators have been engaged for the occasion, andno doubt it willbe got up in the usual way of such meetings. In thiscity, and proba. bly in the interior of the State, the mass of the whig party are decidedly in favor of Mr. Clay; but this meeting, at the near approach of the whig conven- tion, amounts to nothing. For any practical pur- pose, it resembles the fellow who, during an erup- tion of Mount Vesuvius, took a kitchen bellows to blow up and increase that eruption. A report of the Taylor meeting will be found in our columns to-day. A report of the Clay meeting will be found in the same columns to-morrow. Thus far the wh The democraey, of both schools, are not id The regular democratic committee at Tammany Hall, in which there is a majority of hunkers, have passed a resolution, ap- proving of the nominations at Baltimore, and call- ing a mass meeting in the Park, on Monday, the twelfth instant. The barnburners, who were de- feated in regular committee, have organised a com- mittee of their own, composed of the oldest and most respectable of the demoer: at the head of which we find Stephen Allen, of blessed memory, who have also called a mass meeting in the Park, in anticipation of the hunkers, on Tuesday of next week. There is, therefore, a regular breach be- tween the two sections of the democracy; but judging from a survey of the whole chess board, or rather from a look over the prairie of politics an? public robbery, the barnburners occupy a very narrow passage to the spoils and to glory, and the least mis-step may precipitate them into the gulf of oblivion below. Their position re- minds us of a visit we once made to the beautiful scenery of Trenton Falls, near Utica. These falls are formed by a deep gulf in arock of second- ary formation, for two or three miles in length, in which a torrent falls from ledge to ledge, at a dis. tance of fifty or a hundred feet from the surface of the water to the top of the precipitous rocks. There is a passage up the dreadful ravine, which visiters take ; but it is extremely narrow and dan- gerous to those who are not careful of their foot- steps. Lvery one visiting this beautiful scenery walked up this ne on the occasion re- | ferred to, until 2 beautiful young lady, in the ex- | citement of the moment, missed her footing and tumbled down into the foaming gulf below. The barnburners, on their political platform, have only the breadth of a negro’s broad bottom on which to travel through the ravine of politics, during the nextjelection. The slightest miss-step will precipitate them into the gulf below, as the falae step hurled the amiable young woman to | whom we referred, to her final home, when she at- tempted to travel through the ravine of ‘Trenton Falls. The position of parties, men, and principles, at this moment, is different from what it has been for twenty years; but it resembles in some respects the condition of political affairs when General Jackson first be candidate for the Presidency in 1824. There is not a single organtzed party in this country that has a majority of the popwar vote. This was the case, too, ut the last election, but it is more #0 The following may be cast as an estimate of the vote then taken, giving South Carolina, which elects by legilature, with her nine votes, the same popular vote which Alabama had, with an equal number :-— Porunan Vorr is 1844 now. Whigs—-Clay. 300,000 De te—Polk...... 880.000 Abolitionists—Birney. .. 60.000 2,740,000 | Making allowance for the increase of popula tion, and taking every element into consideration, we have formed the following estimate of the po- pular vote, and the condition of parties at the pre- rent time: Estimate ov ine Porvear Vore ix 1848 Whigs ceva a . «1,400,000 Deivera tasce sss sea Nullifiers,. .. 100.000 Barnburners 200.000 Abolitionists. . . 100,000 Natives... ..+ 5,000 3,125,000 It will be seen from this, that ne distinct party, organized as a party, has a majority of the popular vote at this moment. In an election for President, therefore, whatever the conventions or the States may do in the way of nomination, an election by the people must be produced by the union of two or more parties, in order to get the electoral votes of some of the principal States. The first great question involved in political exl- etlutiogs, preliminary to voting, is that of the men to be selected. The men selected by the diflerent | of the finest « factions are more controlled by the influences of may come into play; but the motives which rule at all nominations, are much more their supposed availability, in private pledges, or the distribution | of office, than great national measures or princi- ples. Now in this position of things, how do matters stand j ‘There are three prominent candidates before all | the factions, and before the nation at large. The | RTISKMENTS (renewed every morning) at reasonable | Caas, democracy have nominated their man—General | The whigs are divided between Mr. Clay | and General Taylor. [tis coneeded that neither | ‘an ultra demoeratic candidate, or an ultra whig | | candid: , or the postage will be deducted from | can receive a majority of the popular vote. General © will be opposed by the nullifiers of South Carolina, as well as by the barnburners of New York. Mr. Clay will be opposed by the niullifiers, the bam- burners, the abolition and the natives.— Neither Clay nor Cass can therefore receive a ma- jority of the popular vote. Yet if no other candi- date were to run but those two, it is probable that one of them might be elected, and the chances are about even which of them it would be. If the whigs, in their convention next week, should no- minate Mr. Glay, General Taylor will still be a candidate, independent of any party or faction, and would probably unite those extremes of the North and the South—the barnburners and the nullifiers— in the support of his cause, in addition to various other masses. In such a conjunction of circum- stances, there would be no election by the popular vote; but the three candidates would be returned to the House of Representatives, as in 1824, and in the House, General Taylor would also stand a good chance. The demoerats could not and would not vote for Mr. Clay, nor the whigs for Gen. Cass; but sufficient of both might, in the long run, unite on General Taylor, and elect him in the House of Representatives. {f he should not even be elected by the House or the people, he would still be the most prominent candidate at the next heat, and would be a tower of strength to the party that eticks tohim through all. But if the whig convention should decide that Mr. Clay is unavailable as a candidate, and should take up General Taylor, they would decidedly have the best chance to succeed in the contest. In such case, a conside- rable portion of the friends of Mr. Clay might abandon the whig cause and support the demo- cratic candidate; but that might be made up by a singular union of natives, barnburners and nulli- fiers in favor of the hero of Buena Vista. If the whig convention, therefore, nominate General Taylor, the barnburners will be extinct as a party; but if they nominate Mr. Clay, then the barnburners might have a chance to walk up the deep ravine of politics without being precipitated into the gulf of political oblivion below. Such at present are the most accurate views we can take of this important subject to-day. General Taylor is the most available candidate, ty every odds—that is certain. Act.—Previous to the framing of the new censtitution, and the passage of the judiciary act, a Vast amount of ink and pa- per were expended in appeals to the public, through the press, on the various quibbles by which legis- lation was prolonged and justice delayed, if not altogether frustrated, until suitors became abso- lutely tired out, and in the end ruined. Many of these appeals were made while the convention was in session framing the constitution, and were intended to operate on that body; and their au- thors predicted that the new constitution, and the judiciary that would follow it, would remedy all those evils; that the old, antiquated method of pleading—the subtle distinctions and arbitary rules in use under the old system—would be done away with, and that the proceedings of the State courts would thereafter be based upon common sense, and conducted in accordance with the progress ind spirit of the age. Those two instruments are now in operation a year, and we are not yet able to discover any improvements in the principles by which the courts of justice are governed, or in their mode of administering justice. On the con- trary, we find that suitors are subject to the same delays, expense, and consequent vexation, as be- fore. In proof of this, we need only refer to the calendars of the different courts, which will be found to be overloaded with causes ; but in par- ticular, we refer to the mass of unfinished busi- ness on the calendar of the Superior and Circuit Courts, which is really frightful. As a set off, t judges complain of want of accommodation, and throw the blame on the Common Council; while the Common Council, on their side, insist that the accommodation at present provided for the judges, is sufficient for the transaction of all the business of the city and county; that by providing addi- tional court room, and organizing more courte, the entire of the legal business of the Stat> will be transacted here, by which the city will be put to great additional expense in fitting up court rooms, providing additional offi- cers, stationery, coals, &c. ; but the accumulation of business does not arise from this cause ulone— there are other difficulties in the way. There is, it seems, a want of unanimity among the judges themselves. We remember that, at the opening of the May term, there were only two judges in town to organize the Supreme Court. ‘The consequence was, that it had to be adjourned half a dozen of times, and, at length, an express was sent off to the Governor, to request him to select a judge, and | compel him to come down to this city, that the court might be organised and the business proceed- ed with. We are not apprised what steps his Ex- Tue New Jupiciary cellency took on that occasion, or what answer le | sent; but we understand that no judge came, and that the Supreme Court had not been in session in | this city, except partially, during the May term. In addition, we find that, under the new system, | lawyers have still the same scope as under the old, for exercising legal ingenuity and sophistry, and turning the State courts into Star and Inquisition chambers. We had an illustration of this in a case that happened a few days ago, in which Editor Bennett is plaintiff and the redoubtable Bishop Hughes is defendant. That very astute lawyer, Mr. Charles O’Conor, raked up an old sta- tute, passed some twenty years ago, which ena- bled a party to examine a witness, de bene esse, who might be about to leave the country, and, in case of his refusal to answer, &c., authorized the judge to commit him. As we said before, Mr. O’Conor raked up this statute, and very ingenious- ly attempted to graft it on another passed in 1847, which enables either party to bring his adversary, in the incipient stages of the cause, by a subpmna, before a judge, to be examined, bat annexes no venalty toa refusal to answer. When this was own by Mr. Galbraith, our lawyer, up etarts Mr. nd calls upon the judge to commit the editor for a contempt, under the section in the old act which empowers him to commit a witness (nota party,) who refuses to answer; but Judge kd- wards very proinptly told his legal friend he could do no such thing—there wasno connexion between the two acts; they were intended for different pur- poses, and to obtain different ends. Mr. Bennett not before him under the old act; and under the new one he had no authority to compel him to submit to an ¢Xamination, He might answer, or not, just as he pleased. joston on Monday, for Hali- fax and Liverpool, with 35 passengors and $59,062 in specie. The Careponta lef Marine Affairs. This new and eplendid steam- ft her wharf precisely at four o'clock, as adver tised, and at twenty minutes past was abreast of Quarantine, going at a rapid rate, with the wind on her quarter, blowing almort a gale, She was as stiff and as buoyant as when at her dock. and moved down with more grace and velocity than any vessel we ever oad of New York. She is decidedly one ips that now floats, in every respect. A large number of collected on the Battery the wharves to It was Tre Carscent City naw leave the ade, Fe ae me. es Se eS eee, . a Se evolution in Commercial Atfairin/The United States and France. Among the important results which will spring out of the establishment of a republic in France, | and the spread of democratic principles over the whole of the continent of Europe, which, sooner or | later, must be the case, either by force of arms, | and by blood and carnage, or through the m | influence which both France and the United States | will exercise over the minds of the million, not the | least will the increase of commerce. This will be | one of the numerous advantages which will grow out of the overthrow of “monarchy and its ex- penses, and the establishment of democracy, or republicanism, and its economy, in Europe. | The commerce between this country and France, | considering the position of the two countries, and | the advantages they possess for a mutual exchange | of the commodities of nature and of art, which they respectively produce, has never been near so | large or extensive as it ought to have been. The | immense expenses attendant upon the support and | extravagance of the monarchy, with the other ¢x- penses which such a form of government, entail upon all countries, must be provided, either by direct or indirect taxation, or both, as is most ge- nerally the case. The direct taxes are laid on the lands, persons and property of the citizens, and the indirect on commerce, affecting that branch of human industry not only tothe detriment of the coun- try directly interested, but indirectly the whole civilized world, proportionably to their amount and the magnitude of the tariff under which they are imposed. France has now relieved herself of her monarchy, and of its attendant expenses; and here- after her government will be carried on as econo- mically, and with as little injury to commerce and the industry of the people, as the government of this country has been conducted ever since the time when it thought proper to sever its political | connection with Great Britain. This happy result | cannot, in the nature of things, be achieved in a day; but it will be done before a very long time. As | soon as it shall take place, the government and | people of that country will naturally direct their at- | tention to the United States; and it will be the | policy and advantage of both to enter into treaties, | based on the principles of mutual reciprocity, to as great an extent as possible, for the mutual ex- change of their productions. The articles which France produces, and which we do not, we can permit the importation of into the United States under a duty nominal, or not far from it; and vice versa, what we produce and France does not, she | can permit the importation of under a like nominal | tariff. Both countries will be in a position to make such treaties, The expenses of the government of } each will be trifling, and a moderate tariff will be abundantly sufficient for them. This state of things is very likely to grow out of | the establishment of a republic in France, and it needs no argument to prove the immense benefits which it would be to both France and the United States. With‘her thirty-five millions of inhabi- tants and our twenty millions, the two greatest | countries in the world, with fifty-five or sixty mil. lions of people, with a treaty existing between | them of this character, would control and re- | gulate the commerce of the whole world, and make every other country follow in their | wake, not only in the reduction of its’ tariff, but | in the establishment of a similar form of econo” mical governmeut. While it would foster and | promote industry of every kind among the people | of the two countries, it would complete the shock which England and other monarchical countries | sustained by the dethronement of Louis Philippe, if that or any other monarchy should chance to be | in existence at the time, which is a matter of ex- | treme doubt, and prepare the way for universal de- mocracy over the whole civilized world. The country which it would at first affect would be England, because she has, at present, the great- est commerce. She cannot lessen very much the expense of the monarchy, as long as that mo- narchy is in existence. If she were to attempt a reduction m her tariff of duties on com- merce, the deficiency should be made up in some other form; and the only way in which it could be done, would be by taxation at home. That remedy is out of the question. She has gone so far in that, that she dare not move asingle step further. Indeed, so oppressive hav the taxes become, that curses loud and deep are daily uttered by millions against their authors, and the objects for which they are designed; and an attempt to increase the income tax was abandoned | by the government, lest, in the present state of the world, when kings and ministers are flying before their liberated subjects, it might lead to revolu- | tion. Notwithatanding this, Great Britain would be compelled by the stimulus given to commerce, by such a treaty as we have named between the United States and France, to do either the one thing or the other. She would be obligedto re- duce her tariff, but she could not make up the de- ficiency by taxation, for her people would | not submit to it. She would be compelled, | therefore, to reduce the expenses of her govern: ment, and the nearer she approached in that re spect the economy of that of either France or the | United States, the happier it would be for her peo- ple, and the faster it would promote a radical change in her government. ‘These great changes in the domestic policy of England may, and, in all probability, will be, to a certain extent, effected by the reform confederacy, which has been recently formed there under the. auspices of Cobden, Hume, and others, before the results we are are speaking of as likely to occur by the establishment of treaties of commerce between France and the United States, but only to a certain extent. The work which this confederacy has undertaken, will be finished by the United States and France; and when that time will have arrived, England will be either a republic, or a monarchy only in name. It will be seen, therefore, that the work of im- provement which the United States were the first country to commence, and the example of which has been followed by France, and her example again being followed by other countries in Europe, is not destined to end in elevating mankind to the standing of freeman ina political point of view only, but will, through the influence of commerce, pene- trate all the channels of society, and confer onour race social improvements, the which have hither- to been the subjects of dreams by philosophers and enthusiasts, and which are now about tobe realiz- ed ina practical way. | | These great changes, particularly as regards England, may, however, be accomplished by other means than those we have marked out in this arti- cle. If France interfere in the Austrian and Italian affairs, and take sides with the Poles against the Austrians—as it is very likely she will do—a general European war will! follow, as sure as light follows the rising of the sun. In this war, England must take part, and these results will be hastened. This war, as we have before intima- ted, will involve the great issue between monarchy and aristocracy for existence in Europes, and wily be conducted between the masses on the one side, and the remnants of aristocracy and monarchy on the other. Incither case, however, the whole commerce of the world, as it is at present constructed, will tot- terand fall to the ground. Bankruptey and repu- diation will follow in its train, and on the rnins of the old system a new one will spring up, which will penetrate the furthest recesses of the globe, and bring together in intimate relations all the peo- ple of the earth on which we live. We shall then be as near a millenium as the nature of man will admit of, and lawyers, politicians, barnburn- ers, and jugglers of all kinds, willbe no further needed, and will be compelled, by the necessity beco | in direct collision, and the only American vessel | most ardent friends; and, notwithstanding certain | been brought to that degree of perfection by long | of this description,to keep an open communication ; a in: Autmfiicas Ocean Steam Navigation—ARrivAt ov Tue Unirev Stares.—The arrival of the United States on Wednesday morning, in the very short pas- sage of thirteen days and six hours, was hailed as an auspicious event, and created feelings of the utmost satisfaction among our people generally. As the United States is the first that has come ever admitted by the English people as a rival of their ships, the result of her homeward trip was the subject of much interest in Liverpool and Lon- don, and large sums of money are pending to be settled on the termination of the passage of the new British ship Niagara, now due at Boston. No pains or expense, we learn from the papers,were being spared to give the Niagara every facilitypossi- ble; and although theUnited States sailed three days previous, they predicted the arrival of the Niagara at Boston at least one day before her. How far their prophetic assertions have been verified, is already seen. The United States performed excel- lently well, even equal to the expectations of her acts of meanness on the part of the Royal Mail Company at Liverpool, to which we shall allude, both her freight and passenger lists are as good as could be expected. The subject of ocean steam navigation, from its importance to the great commercial interests of this country, and its effects upon the social and political aspect of the new world, offers a sufficient excuse for the frequent allusions we have made to it. But ata time like the present, when anything pertaining to the subject attracts so much attention, and when, until within a short time, so much mor- tification has been experienced by the ill success of our first attempt in building ocean steamers, a few remarks upon the causes and the results will not be out of place. The amount of capital invested in sea steamers in New York, at the present day, cannot fall far short of eight millions of dollars; which fact, apart from the anxiety for the security of the money, and the critical position of our character as a scientific | people, must give the subject of ocean steam navi- gation a preponderence over all others of a com- mercial nature; and, as it works its way to the in- terests of every class of society, its potency and power mast be maintained. There are many persons here, and on the other side of the Atlantic, who are ready, at all times, to make comparisons where the result is most favor- able to their prejudices, and never has this feeling been evinced to a greater degree than when applied to the steamers Washington and Hermann. It is true, these vessels have not been as fortunate as the Cunard steamers ; but we think it is suscepti- ble of proof that, in proportion to the experience we have had, compared to that of Great Britain, we have surpassed them to an infinite degree. The fault our people committed was in their effort to surpass, at a leap, that which oocupied all the science and skill of England yearstoaccomplish. Our river steamers are universally admitted the fastest and best in the world; but they have only | experience and observation ; and when we shall have had less than half that experience in oc steamers, they will stand in the position our sail- ing packets have occupied for more than a quarter of a century. Our experience has, in truth, been nothing in the business of ocean steamships building until within the last eighteen months. Previous to that time, and for as long a period as twenty years or more, the British people, on account of their geographical position, and for the purpose of availing themselves of that great power in the propulsion of vessels, found it necessary to construct, at the outset, vessels the English vessels ds iar behind, as they really ba, they are ahead, Cunard steamers, we must admit, have, by a ogee promt and retematic, become profitable and flour! ing in the highest degree; and the pro- prietors are likely to be, if not ready, paid hand- somely for the capital they have invested. The | encouragement so bountifully bestowed upon them has given to a portion of our citizens an impetus to action, which, at no distant day, is destined to luce, as we have said before, that which will supercede the greatest and most effective efforts of the British mechanics, 7 ‘While upon this subject, we may as well give some idea of courtesy extended by the Royal Mail Company, towards our steamers in England. The following is a copy of a circular issued at Liver- pool previous to the sailing of the Hibernia :— Freicuts ar Livenroot.—The arrival of the Ame- rican steamer United States has induced tho British and North American Steam Packet Company to reduce their freight by this steamer, Hibernia, from £7 per ton measurement to £4, and by the Niagara, hence 20th inst.. to £2 10s, after which the old rate will be re- sumed. The rate of is also reduced to #30.— Harnden § Co.'s Circular, per Hibernia. This is something similar to a placard issued at Southampton, while the Hermann was at that place. Both exhibit a disposition on the part of the managers of the Cunard steamers to throw every obstacle in the way of the American line,— The spirit evinced in the extract from the circular we give above, is so plain to be seen, that it will ultimately react upon them, and do our steamers more good than harm. At all events, the American steamers can successfully compete with the Eng- lish line, upon any terms they may soe It is not within the power ef England, or any other nation, Not even our own, which is byno means the most liberal in these matters, to set bounds to the_ener- getic developments and progress of a people, who are stimulated by the highest principles of honor and enterprise. Ora@anizaTion or THE Barnavrners—A Pustic Move ror Gexerat. Tavior.—That portion of the democratic party which has been called barn- burners by some, and more recently “ cut-throats” by others, has had several meetings during the last few days, and has appointed a committee to make arrangements for holding a large mass meet- ing in the Park on Tuesday afternoon, the 6th instant, when, as we are given to understand, they intend to nominate General Taylor for Presi- dent, Thomas H. Benton for Vice-President, and Senator Dix for Governor of this State. This is to be in anticipation of the whig nominations in Philadelphia on Wednesday next, the 7th instant, and at the same time to take the wind out of the sails of all other parties now floating before the breeze. This will be truly a curious meeting, and must have an influence upon the Presidential ques- tion. The first meeting upon this subject was held at Tammany Hall, on Tuesday, the Slst ult. The chairman of that meeting was Stephen Allen, a gentleman well known among the democracy of New York. A committee of arrangements, con- sisting of three from each ward, was then appoint- ed from among the old democrats. They met at Stoneall’s, in Fulton street, again last evening, and, according to the most accurate interpretation of the sentiments of this section of the democracy, there seems to be no doubt but that they will nomi- nate Genera] Taylor for next President, Thomas Hart Benton for Vice President, and probably Se- nator Dix for Governor of this State, on the en- suing election. These nominations will have a powerful bearing upon the movements in Philadel- phia next week; and if the whigs do not at once take up Gen. Taylor—if they insist upon putting Mr. Clay forward—there will be three candidates before the country, and the chances of Gen. Taylor will be perhaps the best of the three, and at all | events, as good as any of the others. The late Thomas H. Smith, well known as an eminent China merchant of this city, was an ex- tremely liberal and open-hearted man, and parti- | cularly soto the sailors on board his ships, of | which he had many sailing to all parts of the east- with France and with distant parts of their own em- pire. Vessels intended for such, should necessarily be constructed in as strong a manner as possible; and made capable of weathering the storm which so frequently visit the coasts of the old world. They were in the habit of doing this for a long series | of years before the great problem of navigating the Atlantic, from one distant country tothe other, was solved. The moment the practical men of that day decided upon the feasibility of doing this, there was no delay necessary; there was no ne- nessity of constructing vessels specially designed for such service, because the power to withstand the elements and the force of the sea in the chan- nel and on the coast, was demanded of vessels already built; and were, therefore, considered quali- fied to cross the Atlantic with a degree of safety. The Sirius was accordingly despatched; and this vessel, which was one of the Dublin and Li- verpool packets, and considered the finest and fleeteat then in the country, reached the port of New York after a passage of eighteendays. The experiment, as far asthe crossing of the Atlantic wi less success. We allremember the passages made by the Li- verpool, the British Queen, and the President, which, if compared to the first attempt of the Ame- rican steamers, would place the latter, according to the rate of progress in steame, some ten years their superiors. The Liverpool, British Qucen, and others of that class, were followed by a line, in which the government of Great Britain took much interest, and extended every encourage- ment possible, to render it, in all respect: pertect. This line 18 now known as the Cu- nard Royal Mail Steamers. We have no de- sire to detract in any degree, from the merit of these vessels, They are all well constructed, well appointed, and have accomplished all if nor more than was expected of them. What we mean, however, to uphold is, that in proportion to the experience which we have had, that, under the circumstances, we have accomplished more in the same field of enterprise than our neighbors have; and instead of comparisons to our discredit being drawn, the reverse should be the case. In the space of two years we have constructed and put in running condition six thorough ocean steamers. Two of these, from the very start, have given such proofs of their speed and seawor- thiness, as no steamer, English or any other, can adduce. The others—we mean the Washington and the Hermann—althouzh with slight defects in the machinery, have not been behind the first of the Cunarders, as the log of the Hermann on her last passage will show. The steamer United States, under very unfavor- able circumstances, new and without copper, reached Liverpool without detention of any kind, in less than fourteen days, and returned to New York, under every disadvantage as regards stress of weathor, in one of the shortest passages ever made between the two ports. So true and so per- fect are all her equipments, both in model and en- gines, that had there been coal on board, she might sail to-day to Liverpool with the same suc- cess. Another ship of unsurpassed beauty of mo- del, fitted with the most costly engines, by the same builders, Messrs. Secor & Co., has made her appearance within a few days, and will leave for her destination this afternoon. We speak of the Crescent City. She is about as large as the Great Western, but greatly her superior in both model and speed, having tested both in a run to Sandy Hook, which was accomplished from the Battery in less than one hour, making her speed at least eighteen miles per hour. These we merely give as specimensof our ex- periments on the Atlantic, but what we are to pre- duce both on the Pacific and the Atlantic may be estimated by that which we have already placed before the world. yee The vast Pacific, with its zephyrs, gales, and its smooth -and unruffled waters, invites us to trade with the Indies and the const. We have become possessed of all the safe and commodious harbors | onthe North West coast; and between the United | States and China, the voyage can be made from | forty to forty-five days. Already we are preparing to enter that vast field, and bringing to onr aid the leulated power of steam, we shall find in- centives to exercise the inventive genius of our en- mineers, Ina few years that vast ocean, as well as concerned, to all intents succeeded, and the | | Sirius was followed by other vessels with more or ern world. One day, as he was standing before | the door, at his store down town, a rough, weather- | beaten sailor stepped up to him and asked him if | he could tell him where T. H. Smith, the mer- | chant, lived. “Yes,” replied Mr. Smith, “I can | do that, my good fellow, for I am the man my- | | self.” “What!” exclaimed the sailor, starting | | back with astonishment, and gazing intently upon | the merchant, “do you really say you are the man?’ “The fact, and nothing else,” said Mr. Smith. ‘Then give us your hand, my hearty,” said the sailor, “ youhave a soul to be saved, and Tam glad tosee you. Good morning, sir; that is | all my husiness; glad to see you, sir; good mom- | ing, sir.” If the barnburners nominate General Taylor, we can only say, “ You have asoul to be saved: good morning, and go ahead.” Arrival or tHe News Sreamer.—The news | steamer Naushon, recently purchased by the Herald, and four of our contemporaries, arrived here yesterday aftertoon, from New Bedford, via Edgarton. The following is the report of her cap- tain: New Yon, June 11, $48. ishon, from New Bedford. and last from Edgarton, left the latter place on We nesday night last. The whole distance she encoun- tered a strong wind from N. W to W.. with a very heavy | cross sea; and has proved hersvlf a first rate sea boat.— | Her speed is fifteen miles per hour; but, on account of | the heavy sea, she could not be drove on her passage from New Bedford to Edgarton. When off the cast | end of the Island of Naushon, on Wednesday noon, | the passed several square-rigged vessels bound west— among them, the barks Ida, of Boston, and Empress, and brig Esheol; passed Holmes Hole, on her way to New York, at six o'clock, P. M.; saw from thirty to forty rail. and as many more, most of them fishermen, | coming in for a harbor, on account of the high winds | | from the ward. For tho last sixty miles in the | Sound, not a vessel was seen bound west, on account of the heavy blow. Yours, &e., ABRAHAM BANCKER. The name of the steamer is to be changed from Naushon to Te Newsnoy. She is to be emmedi- ately overhauled, and put in complete order ; and | will probably be ready for service on Monday. It | is expected that her speed will fully meet the ex- pectation of those who have entered into this piece | of newspaper enterprise ; but if she is not fast | enough, all we have to do is to obtain one that will ensure the purpose for which Tu Newsvoy was purchased. Steamer News Boat N. FasuronaBié Srones anv Suorpina.—Of late ycars, splendid stores in Broadway have multiplied to. a most extraordinary extent. It is only necessa- Ty to go into Beck’s or Stewart's, or any other splen- did establishinent of the same kind, to be convine- ed that a great revolution in matters of taste and | refinement has taken place in the shopping line.— We can now rival Berlin, Paris, London and Vi- | enna, themselves, in splendid establishments, de- voted to the service of fashionable ladies. These magnificent stores are filled with valuable and cost- | ly goods of the newest fashion; and are, besides, interesting places for the assembling of fashiona- ble ladies, and ofdoing much business in gossiping, chit-chat, sentiment, love, and fol de rol. While the brokers are busy in Wall street, putting each other into corners—and endeavoring to shave with akeenness beyond even that with which Jim Grant performs the operation—the fashionable ladies | about town are equally busy buying silks, talking sentiment, pricing satins, and pouting pungent eriticisms upon their neighbors, m these fash- ionable places of resort. ‘They are really quite a study, and itis worth the while to go round them and take a look. Emonation—Hearru or run Crry.—In the ad- vertising columns will be found the report of a sub-committee appointed by the committee of citi- zens of the fifth ward, to draw up a statement of the proceedings taken in relation to the landing of emigrants at the foot of Hubert street. To the re- port are attached certificates of the most eminent physicians in the city; giving it as their opinion that the measure, if persisted in by the Common Council, will be fraught with great danger to the health of the citizens of the fifth ward, and of the public generally. ‘The injunction case 1m this mat the Atlantic, will be traversed ate id judging of the future by the leat short two.yeur ter was argued yesterday before Judge Hurlbut, | bushels were made at 38e. and Sandfoid, for the fifth Senate. Wasuineron, Jung 1, 1848, The Senate convened at the usual hour, Mr. Dallas, the Vice-President, being ab-ent, Mr. Benton, of Missouri, moved that Mr. Atchison, of the samy State, be appointed President of the Senate, pro tem., which was agreed to. and the Senate pro- ceeded to the consideration of business. Numerous memorials and petitions were presented. RESOLUTIONS Faont O10, Mr. Azcen, of Ohio, presented resolutions from tho Legislature of suid State, relative to various subjects, which were duly received, and ordered to be printed, REFUNDING MONEYS ADVANCED TO EQUIP VOLUNTEE #é Mr. Rusx, from the Committee on Military Affairs, reported the bill from the House in favor of refund) u.- moneys advanced for the transportation and sits: tence of volunteers entering the service of the United States, prior to their being mustered into servicu. .\ motion made to take up the bill, was agreed to. Mr. Tunney, of Tennesee, moved an amendment to the bill, in favor of paying interest on the amounts ad- vanced The bill, as amended, was then read the third time and passed. THE INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Mr. Atuentox, of New Hampshire, moved to take up the Indian appropriation bill, which was agreed to; when Mr. Arcuinxson, of Missouri, proceeded to address the Senate, at some length, in support of the amendment he offered yesterday. in favor of paying demands for the removal and subsistence of the Cherokee Indians from North Carolina. Mr. ATHERTON, New Hampshire, Senate, at length, in opposition to the amen after which, the subject was informally laid aside, THE OREGON BILL. Mr. Briaut, of Indiana, then moved that the Senate bey up the Oregon bill, which was agreed to. dressed tho nt 5 nance of '87 0 ir. Hate rose and said that he had been accused of bra dm f a firebrand into the Senate, by the introdue tion of this amendment. He said, howeyer, that he did not wish to embarrass the bill. He would, therefore, withdraw the amendment, in order to let the question be taken on Mr. Westcott’s amendment in favor of the adoption of a bill reported by the Judiciary Com- mittee at the last session of Congress, as a substitute for the present bill; and, said Mr. H., see how you will get along with that. A debate then sprang up on the subject, in which Mr. Butler, of South Carolina, Mr. Bright, of Indians, Mr. Walcott, of Florida, Mr. Bagby, of Alabama, Mr. Miller, of New Jersey, Mr. Dickinson, of New York, Mr. Foote, of Mississippi, and Mr. Hale, of New Hampshire, participated; when, without taking any question. on motion, the Senate adjourned till to-morrow, (Friday.) House of Representatives, The House convened at 11 o'clock, A. M., when the Speaker resumed his seat, and called the House to or- der, Prayer was offered up by the Chaplain; after which the journal was read and approved. TREASURY EXPENDITURES. The Sreaxrr announced the first thing in order on his table to be Mr. Strohm’s report on the expenditures of the Treasury Department, which was undisposed of yesterday. ‘The proposal to print ten thousand copies was first taken e when the minority of the committee asked delay, for the purpose of being enabled to make a counter report. The majority of the committee, how- ever, urged that the present report might be printed now, and the other could be printed as soon as it was ready. Without arriving at final action on the subject, it was laid aside. NAVAL APPROPRIATION BILL, Mr. Winsor, of Ohio, moved that the House resolve itselfinto a Committee of the Whole on the Stute of the Union, which was agreed to—Mr. Richard W. Thompson, of Indiana, in the chair—and the Naval Appropri ion Bill was taken up. Mr, ‘on rose and proceeded to explain the na- ture of the bill. Mr. Ruert, of South Carolina, obtained the floor, and said that he desired to speak on another subject. Points of order were raised, and rules cited to tain them. The im stated the question to tho House, and decided that it was in order. Mr. Tuomas J. Hexuey, of Indiana, appealed to the House from the decision of the Chair. The yeas and nays were demanded, and the decision of the Chair was sustained by the following vote—yeas’ 80, nays 44. Mr. Rurtt then resumed, and proceeded to make a slavery speech. When ho had-concluded, Mr. Vexasies, of North Carolina, followed on th® same side, with decided ability. He referred to the provisions of the constitution. as the grounds of his chief argument. When ho had concluded, the com- mittee rose and reported the bill to the House, when it was ordered to be printed. On m tion, the House adjourned till to-morrow, (Friday.) The Court of Inquiry. Bauriwong, June 1, 1848. The Court of Inquiry, at Frederick, ‘met yesterday, and adjourned over until the 10th inst. Markets. Battimone, June 1.—Flour—Howard street rules Steady at $5 50, with sales of 500 bbla; and city mills at $5 75 @ $5 8734, with moderate sales, In wheat there is not much doing. We quote good to prime red at $1 20 @ $1 27, and white at $1 28 a $1 32.. Corn Meal—Holders are firm at $2 374 0 $2 44 for Penn- sylvania, Corn continues steady, with s good do- mand. Sales of white and yellow at 42c a 490. Rye is dull,and no sales transpired. Oats are selling, to x fair extent, 30c a 32c. Provisions are without ma- terial change. The demand is mostly for the supply 0: the regular trade. Whiskey is 21}sc in bbls, and 22!y¢ in casks, Berrato. June 1.—Receipts within the past 24 how: Flour—3,000 barrels; wheat—23,100 bushels; cor 20,000 bushels. The flour market was dull. Sales. 1,000 barrels were made at $4 6240475. Wheat— Sales of 11,000 bushels wero made, including Chicsgo, at Ole., and good Ohio at $1 04. Corn—Sales of 10,000 No change of moment in other articles. Freights by the canal to Albany—Flour 50c. per barrel; grain 14c. per bushel. Bostox, June 1.—Flour—The market continued steady, and sales of 700 bbis weie made at $6 a $6 37's, including good Wostern brands, with Genesee, &c. Corn—Sales of 5,000 bu hels were made, including flat and northern yellow, at 520 a 57e; the market closed firm. Rye—Sales of 300 bushels were made at 78c. Oats —Sales of 2.000 bushels were made at 50c. provision market remained about the same. Freighis were firmer. Shipping Intelligence. pBAumions, June fener nigh arguylh New York; and Dever, waton, w.—Several_politi- | cians of the democratic school, of Teunessee, re- cently invited Major General Gideon J. Pillow to a public dinner—probably of roast goose. The gal- lant Major General declined partaking of the hos- pitality, in the following characteristic letter:— Nasitve y 10, 1848. Gextuxmex—I have pleasure in ackuowledging the reecipt of your letter of this dat». tendering me, “on behalf of =. friends and fellow-citizens of Nashville,” the hospitalities of your city—congratulating me upon my return home, and inviting myself and staff—the gailant Gen. Shields—and other officers of the army, | now in your city, to partake of a public dinner, to be given at such time as may suit our convenience, Un- der any circumstances, such a mark of public appro- bation would be no less gratifying to my feelings than to a just pride and hovorable ambition. But its valuo is greatly enhanced by the very fluttering terms in which you have been pleased to mention my own ser- vices in a a of unsurpassed brilliany. That ‘Tennessee bas had a full share of the honors of the war—that she has sustained the high character won for her by the hero of New Orleans, should be a source of great State pride and of proud exultation to every patriotic Tennesrcan. That she has furnished over seven thousand of her brave and gallant sons for the war, (who have shed their blood upon every battie-tield of Mexico.) justly entitles fer to the proud and envia- ble distinction conferred upon her, in the designation of “the fighting State.”’ While | thus, with proud satisfaction, refer to the high spirit and patriotic devotion of Tennessce’s sons, I will, | am sure, be pardoned for bearing testimony to the equally distinguished gallantry of the whole Ame- riean army. It was the indomitable valor of the Ame- rican soldier which has erow: our arms with suc- cosees as astonishing as they ai lorious. My recent division of regul ‘as composed of oft cersand men from almost every Si in the Union. ‘That it did its duty—that its success was unsurpassed by that of any division of the brave army which inv: ded and conquered Mexico, is to men source of unini gled pride and satisfaction. I trust you will pardon me, gentlemen, for thus allu- ding to the patriotic valor of the American soldier— subject which constitutes the honor and pride of the nation—and from which the world has seen that we maintain our rights on the field of battle. as we pro- servo our liberties and administer our government at the ballot box That our country has a high destiny to fulfill, and that we have been seleoted by the all wire Ruler of tho Universe to mareh as ‘a of pillar cloud’ before the oppressed nations of the earth, can now scarcely adil of a doubt. i In reply to your tender of a public dinner, 1 hope that you will approve of my determination, respectfully te decline any public manifestation of the approbation of my countrymen, under existing circumstances,— ‘The rules of military etiquette will be better presorved by such a course, and my public duties and engage- ments, (independently of this consideration) are of a character, at present to put it entirely out of my power now to accept. or to derignate with certainty, any timo for the futuro, when I could gratify my own heart by thus partaking of the hospitality of your city. Allow me. gentiomen, to express my high gratifica- tion at the handsome mention made by you of the dis- th Spd and gallant General Shields, who is now visiting your city, and to hope that although his stay maybe short, it will be as agreeable to himsolf as J am sure his reeeption and treatment will be kind and hospitable, Accept, gentlemen, assurances of the high regard with whieh I am, Your obedient servant, GID, J. PILLOW. Moers, Catnon, Roverteon, Cunatnast, Nie House: