The New York Herald Newspaper, May 29, 1848, Page 2

the friends of the great and good Lamartine, a8 fure & man as the world produces, carried the name ie etre Rollin upon their ticket—equally trae is it Chat tl inboring people, who are denownéed as followers eo dru Rollin, no more generally voted for him than others. | In many'atrondissemeuts or sections ofarrondissements where the laboring ¢ predominated most, he re- | ceived the least comparative voto, and actually would | not have been elected, had not the friends of Lamar- | propose a President and Si ib maase, the or co after the ‘obaner that Louis Phill could, exit. Such is a compound of liberalism and absoiutism, ood sense and folly. in this project for a constitution for Germany. Who can wender that’Hamilten should nate for life, in the United | . iy opinion is less favorable to Le- | States, 70 years ago. when they see the Germans resist | Line voted for nity any other member of the provision. | ing with such tenacity the interests and power which ira Rollin than fo say « great error. Ido not | belong to tho people, to the rightful sovereigns! How | wok trig 5 enlous sitions ave sufficiently much the masses are abused by. those who have less | ved to Warrant any one in denouncing any mem- the provisional government ; And whoever does | xo. peoves, | think, that he wants’ reflection, intelli. {euce, or am honest sympathy for a republican form of Government, or that he is desirous ef conveying a ¢o- fired or incorrect impression to the people of the United States, of the present condition and future prospects of the French, and of the character of the Fypnch people. 1 must , tne United States from placing any confidence in the | garbled and false representations of the English press, of the affairs in France, or of such writers, as some of | those already referred to, who have ap Jin one or more of the Boston papers. When Englishmen come | to our country they are treated hospitably, and even | more than politely ; and they return and til the world with their libels upon our people and institutions. Do | we think itis manly and honorable, and a suitable re- turn for our unbounded hospitalities ? whoever comes to Paris will be courteously treated ; and the | of the two countries are most friendly—it is our | rest to maintain those relations ; and there is no justification for falsifying, misstatements, and dennn- | ciations, which rest only in the brain of the libeller, OBSERVER, Panis, May 7, 1848, | Mediation of England Accepied by Prussia and Den- | mark—War between italy and Austria—No Civil War in France—Reform, not Rebellion, in England—Cob den—-France Preparing to itd Italy—Charles Albert and Raditeki—The Guarde Mobile—Finances Im- | proving. | The proffered mediation of England has been accept- ed by both Prussia and Denmark ; and there is, there- | foro, every reason to believe that the war now existing | between thé€e two nations has terminated ; but not so | with that existing between Italy and Austria—every indication, on the contrary, is, that increased forces, | if not now parties, are coming into the field. I do not ascertain certainly that Udine has been taken, as has been represented—a more recent account says that the Austrians have been repulsed, with much loss, be- fore that city, and that the Italians have obtained other triumphs, But I have an impression that the Italians have not forced the enemy beyond the limits of Ital and that their operations have neither been very active nor entirely united—that while they have not yet met with any serious disasters, they have allowed the Aur- trians Ume to re-inforee, and recover from the panic by which they were at first overwhelmed; and that Charies Albert has encountered an antagonist in the Austrian general, cool. able, and accustomed to wal and that France is looking on with a gobd deal of | anxiety. and has felt the necessity of sending General | Oudinot tothe command of the border next to Italy, and to place to the credit of the Minister of War | ,000,000, for the purpose of being ina condition to ruccor Italy, as Lamartine pledged France to do, in the circular which he addressed to the courts of Europe. Italy seems to be united more perfectly to push the | war, and to defer all considerations of the form of her government, and other matters of internal policy. un- tilit has been more definitely settlod, that she has a country independent of the power of Austrin. This movement of France, if my suspicions prove to be true, | may not produce a war, but rather peace; by assuring Austria that the sentiments of Lamartine will be acted upon by the French government, in good faith, and sufficient promptness to save Italy, That, at present, | isa tender point in European diplomacy. The inde- pendence of Italy, France will fight for, if necessary against both Austria and Russia, and with the aid of Western Europe, which she will have, successfully, I | have no doubt—but to secure the independence of Italy without war, would satisfy France much better. There | is no desire in France toen in a foreign war. And | let the Americans mark my words, that there is no | necessity for it, to preserve France from a_ civil war. There will be no civil war in France, In | the first place, the leading men, generally, will | not desire it ; and secondly, if they did. the peo- ple will hold them in check. There will bo occa- | sional outbreaks, and some fighting, and lives lost in | the large places, where most of tho criminals, liberated | convicts of the country, congregate; and of this class | were a considerable number of those shot at Rouen; | but the people are firm, courageous, and determined to | maintain order against all evil doers, bigh or low, aud they aro now so well organized armed and offlcer from men of their own number and selvction, that th are able to meet successfully any contingency whi may arise, and preserve the tranquillity of Paris and France. Ihave seen a correspondence describing the guard mobile as a collection of criminals and lawl desperadoes, who could be kept in order only by making this disposition of them, and sending them out of the country. | There is no more truth in the representation than there is patriotism and policy in publishing in American papers such libels upon a country sofriendly to us as is France, and struggling to give to Europe the example which we have given to the world, The guard mobile is composed of fine young men, of whom I have seen much, and whose courtesy of conduct towards foreigners and citizens, should spare them from | the false representations of those who would do well to imitate their examples of magnanimity and de- | votion to truth, honor. and their country. The guard mobile has been entrusted with the most critical of du- ties—in preserving order at home, and in encountering | © insurgents at Rouen, and some other places in | France ; and the government and people feel. as they | have reason to. the same confidence in this corps of men as in the guard national. The guard national i for home service, and they act without pay. and in turns; the guard mobile is under pay.and destined for feregn service. Both are composed of ci France, and both are filled up with the enterprising and patriotic men who have accomplished the revolu- tion, and maintained order since that time This story | in reference to the guard mobile, is as untrue as that before referred to in reference to the municipal guard of the King being composed of criminals, &c. &e There is not a shadow of truth in either statement and it is to be regretted that they have found their way into the American press. 1 consider the rebellion in Eng- | land and Ireland at an end: but not the movement in | favor of reform. In my opinion, reform is wach more | likely to be successful thanrevolution. The great mass who rallied round the government when rebellion threatened, will go for reform, under responsible men for leaders, I think Mr. Cobden is equal to the ta and his commencement has been auspicious, Th finances of France, and the business, continue to im- prove OBSERVER. Panis, May 8, 1848. | Great Battlebetween Italy and Austria—Italy Successful | —Passage of the Adige Feared—Paris Clubs in Fa- vor of French id to Ttaly—Difficulty at Rome—at Posen—Fighting between the Project of a German Constitution oles and Germans— The news of to-day i# more favorable for Italy; a} | battie of a good deal of importance bi n the armies of Italy and Austria, in which the | former has been successful, and obtained important ad- vants ‘The Italians have forced the passage of the Adige at Paestrengo, and attacked and carried thi- port, which was defended by 6000 Austrians. This success has created great satisfaction at Milan, and in- tercepts the communication of Austria between Vero- na and Peschi has been fought ‘a, which givos hope of the reduction of those two places. and to cut off the enemy's retreat upon ‘Tyrol of the city of Udine by the Austrians, is not confirmed, and possibly it has not happened. It is difficuit, at all times. to extract the precise facts from the numerous rumors which float | over the coun » tot a of the | italian and Aust The Clubs avis have | imously, toask the National in the affairs of Italy and Pol or says that Lord Normanby has protes against any intervention, by force, on the part of France, in’ the affairs of [ matter what E land may say or do. Franc aid of Italy with her a: ndependence and nationality from the domi of Austria; and she will fight as much of Europe as cho to array itself, on that question, on the side of A ia. Italian ind endence or war are the alterna- The eapture tives which Frauce presents to European absolut Pius 9th is in difficuity upon this question—his minis- try have demanded that he should de war against Austria, The Pope hi and the ministry a th the ministry, a at the Pope has been overnment establish But ail the people of the Italian States will be satisfied with nothing lees th against Austria, #0 long as the latter claims tion in Italy; and I think the news of to-day se ore authentic than usual. and to prove that the It gaining important advantages, In se: neounters with the Austrians 1s settled by Poles and German: together. and fighting Rus The Prussian Gorn have resigned an a part of ,, continuing to fight ainong themselves. At Cracow the | Poles and Austrians have been fighting; indeed, it seems | asif Poland was to be devoured ‘by enemies upon all sides, for she hat Russians, Austrians, frussians, and mans warrivg against her, It seems to be a kind of | vil war; to what particular purpose it tends does not so distinctly appear, as the fact that a great many lives are being sacrificed, by all parties. There was an ap pearance, at the commencement of the revolution, of 4 union of all the liberals of these countri aimat Russia; but it apden have revived their national antipathies gone to fighting each other, From nt appearances, both the Germaus and Austrians pave treated the Poles very shamefully, and in their last encounters have been keverely beaten and slaugh- | 4. The Emperor of Russia ie now at Warsaw ; and | it is said that everything te tisfy the Poles that their nationality it to be 1 and guarantied to | them by Russia, and that a prince of his family ix to | cupy the throne | Th set of a constitution for Germany has been | the Assembly at Frankfort. [t provides | we descondants are two houses—one of 200, for | the upper branch, to consist of the reigning princes of a dologate from the four free eft of the emp tod by the States for twelve years, and | revewed b four years, the right of elec. | tion folk each councillor to be 40 years old; the lower house to consist of members whose terms of office are six years, with one to 100,000 souls; suffrage uutvorsal ; delegates Migible at 30. to inherit the throne whom they dare not trust! press, and of conscience, &c., &e., are preserved. It remains to be seen whether the people will be content with such trophies of their victories. | constitution of this great country is destined to issu | equally certain that the pr | his return is y | be the exelusion of M 4, of the councillors | practical wisdom and political sagacity than those ‘Trial by jury, liberty of the OBSERVER Panis, May 9, 1848, in caution the people of | Lamartime Refuses to take Office without Ledru Rollin as @ Colleagué—Measures of the Assembly to form an Executive before the Constitution—Lamartine and England—.Acts of Provisional Government Approved —Reports of the Members—The Féte on the 14th—Men and Horse ready for the Field—Colonel Burbé. Lamartine has declared that he will not consent to be 4 member of an executive committee until a constitution shall have been formed, or to any other combination, which does not embrace Ledru Rollin as @ member. So much for those who represent the latter as a Robe: pierre, He considers him as a representative of the volutionary principle, and as important to the govern- ment, This was not at first satisfactory to all; but La- martine was firm upon that point, and I think all have | acquiesced, and that at this moment, since his report: Ledru Rollin has improved his reputation and his con- dition with the people, His friends propose to form an executive committce till the constitution shull have been completed, composed of Lamartine, Ledru Rollin, Garnier Pages, Arago, and Maric. Others propose to adopt different measures, but the whole has been refer- red to a committee of eighteen, one of whom is selected from each bureau. A vote, approving the conduct of the provisional go- yernment, passed, with but four dissenting voices— those referred to the affair at Rouen, wherem they lege that the government has been too prompt anil se- vere. The leader in this movement is Burbe, Colonel of the 12th Legion of 25.000 men—a convict, condemned to death in 1882, for an attempt at revolution, and par- doned, 4 few hours before he was to have been behead- od, by the act of Louis Philippe, against the advice of his ministers, and now a member of the National As- sembly from Paris. He appears to be a man of talent and courage, but to entertain pretty extreme notions as to revolutionary rights ‘The reports of the several members of the provisional government are entitled, as they will receive, the nt- tention of the worl: tof Limartine is beautiful —exceedingly beautiful. It drew immense applause from the members of tho Assembly, and it was impossi- Wile for the chair to restrain it! “France responded to the heart of Lamartine. and all rules were as nothing in restraining the public feeling. Lamartine’s popu- larity is not bounded within the limits of France; it has spread itself through Europe. almost as rapidly as the effects of the revolution, which gave it birth. He seems born and educated for the age and the occasion. He is even popular in England. England clings to him, to spare Europe from @ T hope the fervor with which he is received in England will not injure him in France, and | think his iniluence with the people is too firmly engrafted to suffer from any prejudice of that kind—yet but few men in France could afford to be praised by England. The great fete is adjourned to the 14th iust It will exceed in variety of representations and magnificence, any thing of the kind that has taken place im modern ages, Visiter begin to return to Paris, and Paris is, and has been, as free from disorder and danger as any town in the United States, All the émeutes have been quiet- ed in the interior of the country, and the most timid Englishman begins to breathe, as Mr. Webster, said, freer and easier,” They havo, at least, ceased to run. and that is a favorable aymptom of returning sanity, and since the more rebellious have been quieted, their jour- | nals have ceased to be so libellous towards France. It appears that France ean. at any moment, call into the field 500.000 men and_ 30 000 horse, besides near three hundred thousand National Guards, at Paris, and number in proportion in all the other large cities and townsin the country. Allisquiet. OBSERVER Panis, May 10, 1848. Analysis of the National Assembly—The Proceedings of that body—Aspect of Affairs in France. Since the date of my last letter, great events have occurred here. The Assembly, from the bosom of which the futuro has been elected and convened, aud is now in full « | sion. From what I have formerly stated, it will be known that this body is the result of the universul choice of the entire adult male population of Frauce, at least of all such as have chosen to exercise the right of suffrage with which they are invested. It is caleu- lated, however, that a very large proportion of those who posseas stich right, declined to exercise it on the present occasion. Thus, in the Department of the ¢, which includes the capital, there is a population of 1,400,000, nearly, which returns thirty-four repre- sentative of this number not more than 200,000 have voted. It is calculated that there are 300,000 qualified electors; so that not over two-thirds of those who might vote, have voted. Still, nevertheless, the choice which has been made may be regarded as virtually the choice of the whole population; and it will be curious to observe how en- Urcly the result has disappointed the hopes of some, and proved how groundless were the fears of the others ‘The advocates of universal suffrage, the ultra-demo- crats, hoped tosee an assembly composed i portion of the lower elasses of society and almost wholly of ‘artizans of their own opinions; the more con- servative and aristocratic classes. who were always op- posed to universal suffrage, feared an Assembly. from which intelligence and property would be almost total- | ly excluded. The Assembly actually elected, has proved how fallacious were the grounds of these hopes and these fears. Nine hundred representatives have been returned from all parts of France, and met, for the first time, on ‘Thursday last, the 4th inst. ‘They were no soouer assembled than it became evi- dont that, after all, intelligence. education, family, nd all the traditions which attach to there, their usual influence upon the electors ; in the large majority of the Assembiy proved to Le of moderate opinivas; and although the establishment ofa republican form of ment is certa'n, it is of the ultra democra- Uc party can never be realised in the Assembly ‘The first objects to which the Assembly ted its attention were, what is here called tue veriicaton of powers, the meaning of which ix simply the production of evidences on the part of each member, that he is the individual really returned by the electors, and that With co numerous a body of re- presentatives, this process is more or less tedious, and was still incomplete at the end of the thirdday. viean- while, however, the Assembly proceeded to the tran- tion of more important public busine On Friday cecded to the election of its President, * ad inte- that is, to hold the office until the definitive, omplete, M. Buehex to the moderate was elected President by alarge majority, ‘The ident. Secretaries, and Queators, were suc- ely elected, ail representing the sume opinions On Saturday. the third day, the provisional govern- ment, who had administered the affairs of the country since the 24th February, delivered a report of the situation of the country, at its accession to | power, and of its proceedings since that ti These documents ought regularly to have bee by M. Dupont (de I'Eure) the President of the P ional Government, but the extreme age of this st man obliged him to delegate M, de Lamartine for this purp In fact, however, and it is weil understood, M. Dupont (de lure) ix, and has been, only nominal- ly President head of the government has Geen M. di by whom the report was, as you will n the journals, underrt 0d to have been Ave se u Rollin, Minister of the Interior, next deliv- a sort of apology, or defence, for his administration since the revolution, and he was succeeded by M. M Bethmont Cremieux, and Louis Blane. who gave re- ports of their rexpective departments, This clored the business of the third day. Meanwhile, the members were much oceupied in pri- vate meetings, distributed according to their parties, in the discussion of two questions of pressing importance. The first regarded the establishment of a temporary go- vernment to administer the affairs of the couatiy in the interim between the present time, and the nt when « definitive constitution shali have been declared and established; the other the form to be given tosuch definitive constitution itself, As to the fir-t, a for the moment, the most pressing, opinions were divic Some advocated the appo'utment of a temporary Presi nt. in whom the executive should be invested with er to appoint responsible ministers ; others pro- ¢ exceutive should be invested in a com- ssion to be compozed of 8. 5, or 7 members, Another ject was that the executive power should not be de- d at all, but should be exercised immediately by sombly itself, who should nominate a council of These projects were ultimately referred to a eommit- | of 18 ohoMn from the members in their several bu- aux, which committee sat toa late hour on the night f Monday the 8th, and brought up their report on ‘Tuesday, which was to the following effect :— “That there be no tive commission, but that the Aszembly itself retain the , uit it appoimt reaponsinie with a resident of the Council, without a portfoli object of this report was clearly understood to Ledru Roliin and the ultra-de- mocratic party from the government. It was, therefore. opposed by the whole of that party, but it was also o posed by M. de hamartine, and those over whom he ex- | ercises an immediate influence. The cause of this op- position was properly understood. M. de Lamartine fears M. Ledru Kolin and his party, and refuses to take the position of the head of a government which would become the butt of such formidable antagonists He disguises thix under the specious appearance of liberality towards those who differ from him in opinion, ters gorgeous sent ee on the gratitude due Ly the nation to those who made the revolution Having rejected the recommendation of its own com- mittee, the “Assembly immediately adopted a proposi- tion, which it had previously rejected, and resolved to dol gate the executive power to a committee of 5. who, until the definitive constitution should be declared, shall be invested with the prerogative of royalty, At the time I write these lines, the names of this commit. | have not been settled, but I shall probably be able nthem to you by the present mail During the progress of the diseussions of the Chambe has continued tranquil, so far as that term tec lies to absence of any émeute of material resistance the constituted authorities; but much uneasiness, qasanwhile, bas prevailed, arising from the appreben- i i a of the ultra u instrumentality jor exciting the The journals 'y openly . ‘Tee large majority in the Posse. in favor of moderate princi- ples, does not overawe them, and they declare without reserve, that if the constitution of the republic be not modelled after a fashion which will be agreeable to them, they will appeal to the le; in other words, they will raise the mob and invade the Assembly as they did'the late Chamber, on the 24th February. ‘The go- Veraient themselves have been in continual apprehen- sion of this; and scarcely a day has passed that the National Guard had not either been called out or been warnfd to be ready for action at a moment's notice. Siuce the 4th, on which tho Assembly sat, the funds have rather improved, but not much ; still, however, there is « small daily rise in prices ; ‘and thore is no doubt that if a firm and moderate government were nominated, every species of security would rise to its proper value. At tho momgnt I write, the Threes are at 4744 and the Fives touching 70. INVESTIGATOR. Panis, May 10, 1848. War Declared by the Pope vs. ustria—AU Italy in Arms—Italy Triumphant in Five Important Battles~ The War Assumed an Imposing Character—France Ready. if Needed—Important Decision of the National Assembly—Lamartine and @edru Rollin act together upon the Question—-.4n Executive Committee, Supreme, Chosen—Report of Committee Overruled—Nine Minis- tere, § The news of this morning is very important. The Pope has yielded to the demands of the people, the N. tional Guards and his ministry ; and war is declared against Austria, The principles of the new ministry are—no more priests in public employ—formal de- claration of war against Austria—Pius IX. at the head of the government—daily bulletin from the army —a general invitation to all citizens to arm, and to join in expelling “the barbarians” form Italy. The ‘Austrian Ambassador has received his passports and orders to quit the country forthwith ; and all Italy is now rising as one man, to expel the ‘Austrians from their country—alll is enthusiasm, and the most prompt and efficient measures have been adopted upon this most important occasion. This brings matters at once to an issue ; if Russia is going to take sides with Aus- tria, she must act now, and will undoubtedly do so. Hungary has maxifested a decided expression in favor of giving Ituly her support. France stands ready, with at least 500,000 men, to act at a moment’s notice, when necessary ; and Austria must now take blows, as Well as give them—the hand of Frovidenco appears, in the concurrence of events, to relieve the people of ku- rope from the oppressions of tyranny. ‘Tho news from the seat of war is also very important, and favorable to the Italian army. More than 2,000 prisoners have been taken—bloody battles fought, and a large number of the Austrians killed and wounded, and the Italians victorious at every point, ‘The Ital: iaus have scemed to advance, in anticipation of the time assign. d by Charles Albert. for the attack; and to have carried away all obstacles at the point of the bayonet. ‘They haye forced the enemy to repass tho Adige, and to sustain severe losses in killed, wounded and prisoners. A heavy cannonade was main- tained om the 30th of April on the side of Peschiera, and near Rivoli and Perctere; but with what precise results is not yet known,’ At Palma Novo the Austrians had suffered. ‘The work is growing warmer and warmer, as the armies increase in numbers, and the Italians’ become impatient of delay. The new morement of the Pope will put Europe in motion perhaps yet the war will not be general ; yet M, Jules Favre, a man of great power, said yesterday, in the convention, thut Austria was directing her armies to tie Alps, and that there the last word was to be had between’ absolutism and liberty, and that France should put herself, temporarily, in condition, before the formation of a new constitution, to meet the exigency. The Poles and the Germans continue to fight; and those ofeach nation occupying different parts of Posen appear to be hostile, and to be growing more so. The Congress of Germany will undoubtedly occupy itself with this question—it needs solution, A kind of civil war is raging, and the battles are both frequent and bloody. ‘The King of Prussia is struggling to have a Congress before the general Congress for all Germany; this is called imprudent. The Prussians and Germans soem to be in a transition state, passing from abso- lutism to freedom; but the birth appears to be ahurd oue, and the State to suffer a great many pains; they svem to desire liberty, but yet dare not to put their mind out to receive it, and to cut loose from kings, and courts, and ministers. They want universal suffrage. and yet want a king!—the liberty of the press and a king!—freedom and absolutism at the same time—to trust themselves with power, and yet have a master to serve! English influence is making head in Germany against the spirit of liberty. England is struggling to limit all revolutions to a constitutional monarchy, and not to set examples which may give tcouble to Eng- land, and disturb that beautiful order of things which allows $500,000 a year to an old lady, because she hap- pens tobe the mother of another lady, while the mil- lions starve for the want of these and other funds squandered upon pensioned favorites—which gives to a town having only eight thousand inhabitants (tory), two representatives, and to London (liberal), having two millions of inhabitants, only four represen: tatives. Engiand entertains the opinion that such a government is the best in the world. The committee of eighteen reported in favor of choosing the nine ministers directly by the Assembly, and ofretaining the executive power inthe Assembly, till a constitution was formed. Jules Favre, the friend of Ledru Rollin, Lucordaire, the eloquent divine, the friend of Ledra Rollin generally, and Lamartine, op- posed the report, and were in favor of choosing an ex- coutive committee of five members, who should appoint the ministers, and. as an executive, discharge the du- ties of such {ill the adoption of the constitution. La martine and Rollin both spoke, but resisted the idea of being separated into opposing parties. They are willing to be two of the executive committer; but La- martine clings to Ledru Rollin; they admit the division of sentiment frequently in discussion, but have always acted together in the end. Lamartine said that pri- vacy and promptness are necessary for the Ministers of Foreign Affairs and of the Interior, and that no man could discharge the duties of either who was sub- ject to the executive of nine hundred persons. and bound to respond to their call, and be subject to their daily decision, But the friends of Lamartine had re- ported the measure, and a large portion of them sus- tained it. For the report of the committee, 395; against it, 411. A committee of five, to whom is to be entrust- cd supreme executive power, and the duty of appoint- ing nine ministers, none of tho latter of whom are to be members of the Avsombly, was then agfeed to; and the report is, that Lamartine, Ledru Rollin. Arago, Garnier Pages, and Mario, have been agreed upon una- nimously by the committees of the different sections, to fill those important places, This afternoon, the result will be more detinitely known, OBSERVER. Panis, May 10, 1848—5 o'clock, P. M. Thrilling Scenes in Rome before the Declaration of War —Separation of Church and State in France—Refusal at first of the Pope to Declare War—sArrest of the Car- dinals—Seizure of Lettres—Lamartine, Rollin, and La Cordaire right. ‘The scene at Rome was thrilling and the excitement intense, before the final decision of the Pope had been made known. The Pope had for along time strenuously regisged a declaration of war against Austria, regarding ‘WMFir more as a messenger of peace than of war; the people had been growing stronger and stronger in their demands for war; the National Guards, the ministry, and the municipality, had declared for war—still the | Pope resisted. The ministry had notified the Pope of their intention to resign, and all was in preparation for ihe firmation of a provisional government, if the Pope did not yield. The morning came for the decision— the streets wero filled with people waiting the answer of the Pope to the demands of the National Guard and the Etat Major and municipality—the answer did not and at eight o'clock in the morning, a new de- putation was gent to the Pope, who asked till twelve o'clock to make his decision. At this moment the aux. jety and agitation doubled—the Guard took possession of the Fort Saint Ange, Poudrien, the arsenal and mint the prisons, and all the public establishments ;—the had opened the letters addressed to suspected persons; —Duke de Rignano declared to the Pope that he could ud upon the National Guar ceived the news at the same moment that the ministors of Tuscany and Sardinia had protested against his cir- cular;—there was not a moment to lose; and yet the Pope remained firm. At noon, Devia, Mameani, and Corscni went to consult the Pope and supplicate hin to yield—he refused—the danger is imminent, and the plosion about to take place. Mameani tried one more eifort—the Pope yielded—Mameani announced it to the people that the ministry had been sustained, and re- ceived a carte blanche for things temporal, and that it comprised a power to declare war. The joy was ex- pressed in popular demonstrations; the correspondence of the Cardinals put under sequestration was publicly read: a great number of arrests have been made; the Cardinals have fled to Monte Cavallo; and the Pope had made his preparations to fice also, Rome presents the axpect of a field of battle—such {s the power of the peo- ple, moved by the spirit of freeinen, acting in unison and against tyranny, foreign or scription of the mighty eve ; and if one must bo ficed. itmust be the former, that the latter might have being. But the Pope has been wise, and Rome fortunate ; and thereby the Italian independence secured No longer will the foot of an Austrian be lowed quietly to tread the soil of any State in Italy, and religion will cease to be used as an instrument by tyrants to oppress mankind. Lamartine is under. stood to have declared for a separation of church and State in France, and thus one revolution follows ano- ther; and what isa remarkable feature of the age is, that the Catholic clergy do not appenr to be dissatir- fied with such liberal movements, La Cordaire yes- terday frankly declared himself to be a monarehist be- fore the lute revolution, but now a republican, desi ring to follow republicans older than himself. and to learn of them still further the art and principles of government. He stands at the head of the Catholic clorgy in France; and, referring to Ledru Rollin, he said some things had been done which he did not then approve ; but he should oppose a separation of the go- vernment, as all had hin confidence ; and that as the member roferred to had been a republican twenty-five years, and he only two months, to him gid his asso- ciates in sentiment belonged the glory of the present state of things, which he would cordially sustain, Such magnanimity of sentiment others would do woll to imitate. before they call hard names, and apply them to those who have been foremost in the revolution. and in preparing the way forit, There ean be no doubt that Lamartine. Ledra Rollin, La Cordaire, &e., were rightin resisting the report of the committee, making the National Assembly an executive with nine minis- ters. In diplomacy, on war, foreign or domestic. how could the National Assembly act on a minister subject to its control every moment, and be called to the the attacks of juld be no exec! Rollin were fora ibility, subject to answer for ilitte extraordinary, that 'po1 Andit is a the two men who have been most pitted against each their conduct. other, and over whose heads the public were in danger of dividing, should adi to each other so firmly, and upon the first division be found side by side, sustaining and carrying their opposition toa great measure of the committee of the National Assembly. It speaks well for France and the patriotism of these two celebrated men. | do not wish to be understood as appreciating alike the two men; yet the manner in which Ledru Rollin has sustained himself, and Lamartine sustained him. has given me more fayorable impressions than I first had of him. OBSERVER. Pants, May 11, 1848—3 o'clock, P. M. The New Government--The Foreign Policy of France. The supreme Executive has been chosen : Arago 725; Garnier Pages 715; Marie 704; Lamartine 643; Ledru Roilin 458. Arago stands there at the head of the government; Lamartine lost his position, by over- throwing his particular friends in their report, and sus- taining Ledru Kollin. The vote has taken the public by surprise; and will not be satisfactory to the coun- try. ‘The report upon the foreign relations has been calied for, and will bemade on Monday. ‘The debate wiil electrify Europe; and France may be forced into war, against the remonstrance of Lamartine, The mail closes at 4 o'clock, OBSERVER, Our Berlin Correspondence, Beatin, April 14, 1848, Views in Prussia—What will be the Result of the Recent Political Movement ? The day of judgment seoms to have come at last, and the very graves are yielding up thoir dead, to rise im accusation against the tyrants over nations, and the trammelers of human mind and human rights, Tho dungeons of Silvio Pellico and Baron Trenk, are no longer peopled by the cadaverous victims of royal ty- ranny, and the sub-aqueous cells of old Venico sur- render to the universal cry of “open sesame,” aud bu- man souls that for years have languished in living graves, breathing the very atmosphere of death, now come forth to be greeted by the winged lions of St. Mark, bearing the proud emblems of liberty to man- kind, and justice toall mon. Revolution rolls on—re- volution, in one unceasing tide--and comes like vivi- fying showers in the spring-time of human freedom; each one swelling and expanding some new bud, or giving form and symmetry to some new flower. M tary despotism is struggling in the convulsions of death, and every effort of rulers to conquer their own people by cannons and bayonets, has only served to convinco the people of their’ strength, and imduce them to de- mand aud take what they have until now humbly prayed for. ‘The bust of Louis Philippe is dragged about the streets of Paris; the cillgy of Metternich is hung on a gallows in front of his own palace in the Imperial City, where the Nestor of diplomacy thought that the heart's blood of every man_ circulated but at his bidding; and the King of Prussia has bee: burned in effigy in some of the cities of Germany. Si transit gloria. The last monarch has been more lucky than his contemporaries, inasmuch as he has been suffered to remain after surrendering dishonorably, promising to turn reyolutionist himself, His looks very unpropitious now, although a few we his chances were the brightest of any monarch in Europe, Had he and his ministers had the political foresight to lead the movement for the regeneration of Germany, instead of allowing themselves to be driven into it, ‘at the point of the sword, Frederic William would haye been the elective emperor of the grand Germanic confederation. His famous ride through the strects of Berlin still recking with the blood of his victims, together with his proclamation about his determination to place himself at the grand German movement, and lead the country on to glory and to happiness, has been received by the other German States with scorn and contempt, and they tell him. very cooly, that It would be best to“ wait tillhe's asked.” At the present moment, it must be confessed that he is ina fair way to become a simple Mr. Frederick Wm. Hohen- zollern, This unfortunate state of affairs stings Prussia to the very quick ; her population alone is equal to that of the German population of all the remaining 37German States put together, and, in a tair fight, she could stand ugainst the attack of all ; but the treason of her me- narch has made her maim, halt and blind, and her posi- tion altogether, subordinate. These circumstances alone will render the reorganization of the German States a most difficult task, although the whole country,to aman, is coming up to the noble work. On the first of May, the men of the old fatherland are fo rise In thelr strength from every quarter of this great country, and she is to be represented in # conventional parliament in Frank- fort on the Main. The time-honored city of the old German empire is now destined to be the cradlo of dawning liberty, and the glorious patriots who for years have been despised, persecuted, aye, many of them imprisoned, for daring to givo utterance to their principles, are now called upon to assert the inalien- able rights of man, and perform the last ceremony at the grave of despotism in announcing that forty mil- lions of men, the slaves of yesterday, now breathe the atmosphere of liberty. ‘he preliminaries for this par- Mament have just bsen settled by a convention in Frankfort, and the basis of representation will be onc for fifty thousand. The right of suffrage is placed on the very broadest basis. and all classes are to be repre- sented. The general principles which are to govern the elections have been fixed by the convention—the particulars are left to the individual States.— There is, however, a committee of fifty iv permanent session in Frankfort to guard the liberties which have just been obtained. This committee pro- tested a few days ago against the clection of 113 dele- gates by Prussia on the basis of powers existing before the revolution ; Prussia annulled the election, and threw it into the hands of the people, who will elect i ashort time, Thus a spontaneous convention of th people is dictating to sovereigns with » vengeance ‘The grand object of this parliament is to consolidate Germany into a federal State—one flag—one army— one navy—one system of customs—one post office de- partment—one coin—one weight and measure—one representation abroad; and, finally, to have one chief or elective monarch, clothed with ail the powers com- patible with the rights of the individual sovereigns. ‘The thousands upon thousands of the great and minor interests connected with the particular sections of the country seem at present almost insuperable obstacles to the accomplishment of this glorious object, and nothing but the purest patriotism and greatest, sacr!- fices will lead to victory. A sea of troubles is springing at home and abroad. Prussia, as the most powerful of the German nations, claims the Presidency; at which Austria flies into a passion, and traces its right back to the house of Hubsburg, whose blood still Rows in the voins of its rulers; aud, on the other extreme, a party in Baden is endeavoring to do away with those diMiculties, by proclaiming the republic and routing | every sovereign, with horse and foot and dragoons Ido ‘not hesitate to declare that the proclamation «f the republic now would be an unspeakable misfortune for Germany; it would involve the country in anarchy, total bankruptcy, and a most cruel civil war, The people as a mass have ne political education, nor the remotest idea of the exercise of political liberty. Thoy have been so long governed like the merest child, that to throw them suddenly en their own resources would be to commit the most cruel act of injustice towards them, Thero must be @ probation, and the change must be gradual, or the convulsion will be ko powerful that the body politic will sink under it. This is the conviction of the purest patriots that Germany pos- sesaes, and of all the great and liberal minds that have sacrificed their liberty, their happiness, and their for- tunes, to raise the country to the elevated position which she is now assuming among nations. Outward dangers are rising in every quarter; the new-born fraternity of the Parisians is driving out all foreign workmen from Paris; and the poor Germans, to make the best of a bad bargain, are marching by thou- sands to the Rhine, consoling their empty stomachs with the idea that ‘they will proclaim the republic on their arrival, Germany is sending troops to greet them riends. if they come peaceably—ns enemies, if they sist im trying to force on the people what the people do not want. Bands of armed peasants are plundering, marauding, burning and murdering in every direction the people of the couniry are flying to cities for pro- tection, while their barns, houses and castles are rising in flames behind them—and the inhabitants of one city are flying to another, in the vain hope of finding a rest- | ing place; but this exists no where in Europe now— from Hecia to Etna, the ¢ry is, revolution, wag, blood- shed. Satan himself seems to have taken posseskion of a portion of tho people. who interpret liberty to be the right to do whatever the most excited passions of the mement may give thema desire for. On the north there has al- ready been a slight battle with Denmark. Ax Germany has taken up the eause of her revolted provinces, her only hope {a Russian aid, and all Germany is now 80 ex- axperated against the autocrat, that millions will rise to repel the first offort at invasion, ‘The fate of Poland is ftill involved in the deepest mystery. Two weeks ago the liberated Poles were drawn in triumph through our streets, and all was enthusiasm for Poland. ‘They have returned to Prussian Poland. and the Germans of that country are now flocking here in, crowds to exeape their persecution, which, according to accounts, amounts to barbarity. ‘This may turn the whole feel. | ing of Germany against Poland, and again crush her rising star. Austria has lost Lombardy; and Sardinia, ‘Tuscany. Naples, and the Pope, have declared war against the Emperor, The arms of Austria have been burned in all parts of Italy, and in return the ambassa- dor of the Pope, in Vienna, has been obliged to fly in disguise; and nearly all the Catholic institutions in Vienna, among which a number of convents, have been ransacked by the people—their immense treasures de- clared national property, and their intaates put to flight. Revolution is now travelling down the Danube to the Black Sea. and the Servians have just driven the ‘Turkish troops from Belgrade, Will it end at Constan- nople? | Our Milan Correspondence. Ax, May 4, 1848. The Position of the Austrian and Italian Armies—The Great Battle Daily Expected to Take Place--The Blockade of Verona. Since the date of my last letter eventshave progressed but slowly upon the theatre on which the struggle for national independence is carried on. The Piedmonteso army, with its miscellaneous auxiliaries, has, however, advanced from the Menicie to the Adige; has passed the latter river, and has gradually collected round Verona, It has also advanced its left wing across the road lead- ing from Poschiera to Verona, The effect of this move- ment has been to cut off the communication betwos tho three divisions of the Austrians, which occupy the fortresses of Peschiera, Verona and Mantua; while the main body of the Piedmontese stands between Verona and Mantua, left wing intervenes between Verona and Pevchiera. The latter fortress has been completely in- vested, both by land and by the lake, and it is Ee. Tie that betore I clove thigJgoter I may be able to inform | does not bind ti only partly invested, means of t e lake and Austrians, under al Radetsky, has been concen- trated. There is a strongly entrenched camp imme- diately under the walls on the west side of the town— the city itself is strongly fortified, and the inhabitants laid under harrassing contributions, and the reports are, that for a considerable time provisions have been failing, and meat almost entirely wanting. While these movements havo been taking place be- tween the three fortesses above mentioned, on the con- fines of Lombardy and the Venetian provinces, another struggle has been going on inthe Frioul. The Austrian General, Nugent, has had there a large force under his command, opposed to which, until very recently, there has been uo other force save the provincial militiaand the insurgent population, Supplies of arms and ammu- nition have, it is true, been sent from Venice, but there has been a want of a body of regular troops to give ef- fect to the undisciplined operations of the local popu- lation. Owing to this cause, the Austrians have been more successful there than in Lombardy. Udine, the capital of the province, surrendered to them; and we have doubtful reports respecting Palmanova, a stroug fortified place in its neighborhood, of considerable mili- tary importance. ‘The population of the provinces are opposing that kind of resistance which civil bodies would continually offer to an army; they are destroying bridges, cutting trenches across roads, raising barricades, and obstruct- ing supplies, Meanwhile, reinforcements of regular troops are on the marchtothem. A body of several thousand Tuscan and Roman troops, under General Ferrari, have, according to the last accounts, marched by Padua towards Freviso, so as to intercept the march of the Austrians towards Verona, and to prevont thelr junction with those under Radetsky. Upon this, in ‘great measure, may be expected to turn the issue of the approaching conflict at Verona. There the Aus- trians are ashing exclusively on the defensive, and re- fuse to give battle to Charles Albert, eagnvne daily to be reinforced by General Nugent. The position, however, now assuined by the Sardinian army is such as to justifys hope that they will be forced to a deci- sive en ent before it is possible that a junction could be et on supposing the reinforcements rrari ts the local population to be defeated Onr Roman Correspondence. Rowr, May 2, 1843. The Crisis in the Affatrs of Rome. Events have just occurred here, which will create more surprise ata distance than among us, who have long expected them. It is now several months ago since Pius IX. intimated to those around him, and to the re- presentatives of some of the foreign courts, his desire tolay down his temporal sovereignty. The necessity produced from the pressure from without, to take a de- cided part in the struggle going on in Northern Italy. and, in a word, to promulgate a formal declaration of war against Austria, has brought the matter to a crisis. The Pope obstinately refused to do this. The public as obstinately insisted on it, and his Holiness has been compelled to yield. He has reconciled himself to the obnoxious measure by delegating to the ministry, for the moment, his active temporal authority, including the power of declaring war, making treaties and dis- posing of the army. ‘This, you will see, is but one step removed from a complete abdication of temporal power ; indeed, if some are to be believed, the States of the Church are upon the eve of becoming a republic, the Pope being stripped of all political qualities must not neglect to add, that as a consequence of what has occurred. the Austrian ambassador has re- ceived his passports and quitted Rome. Our Venetian Correspondence. Vexier, May 1, 1848. The Republic of Venice to the Republic of America. Thave just received the addresses of the republic of Venice, to the foreign powers, whieh I send you, trans- lating for your convenience the one addressed to the U.S. of America :— TO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. By his spontaneons congratulations, the consul [W. A. Sparks, Enq, of South Carolina—Herald] of your republic fiastened to sa- lute the day of our regeneration, und we have received them as ono of the most happy ofauseriva. The citizen of one Italian repu first discovered that land to which the citizen of another Italian re- public gave his name, as if to stamp it with the seal of greatness. The Beoan divides us, bus we ace united by the boats oC, symaiy; and liverty, like the electric current traveraing the seas, will bring us your examples, and maintain the communion of thonght and feel- ing, which is far more precious than that of int at. We have much to learn from you! and, though your eldees in civilization, we blush not to acknowledge it. We have no other ambition, and have to live in the enjoyment of peace and liberty, to recover the heritage of our ancestors, and to contribute, in some degree, by our efforts, also to the infinite development of the human mind. By the Provisional Govern: ; Loreen of Venice. 4 President. TOMMASEO, Minister of Forcign Affaire. ZENNARI, Secretary. Venice, March 23, ISS. Our Dublin Correspondence. Dusuis, May 11, 1848, Affairs in Ireland. ‘There was a most important meeting of the Protes- tant Repeal Association on Tuesday last, in the Mu- sic Hall, which was densely crowded. Mr. George ‘Washington Vance in the chair, ‘The chairman read a letter from Mr. Sharman Craw- ford, regretting that he could not attend the meeting, but expressing his full approbation. He stated he came forward because his country demanded it of him, and said that the majority of the Protestants of Dublin were repealers. A number of members were then pro- posed, and enrolled, in batehes of 62, 140, 86, and 96. Mr. Ferguson then came forward, and deprecated the conduct of the government, and particularly as to the process against Smith O'Brion. &e. He alluded to the social changes which would take place if # repeal were granted; and his opinion was, that the government were determined on ruining the aristocracy snd people, and making a draw farm of Ireland. He concluded by pro- posing the following resolution, which was carried. i we have already given the proceedings of the meet- ng]. On Monday last the Repeal Association had their usua! weekly meeting. On the platform were Mr. John O'Connell, M. P.; Mr. Reynolds, M.P.; Messrs, Dunne, Hyland, Galway, O’Reily; Nugent, ke, After some discussion relative to the postponement of the repeal debate in the House of Commons, Mr. O'Connell moved that the following address to Mr. Smith O'Brien, should be adopted, which was carried | unanimously, The rent was announced at £28 11s, The following address has appeared from the leaders of the repeal movement; the gentlemen from whom it émanatex have agreed to it, not as the members of any body or association, but in their private capacity alone: ‘TO WM, SMITH O'BRIER, BQ. MP. We, the members of the nepeal aasciation, desire to express the sincere pain and regret with which we have heard of the shameful acts of violenoo offered to you by some individuals in Limerick, and our utter and indignisit reprobation of those acts and of their perpetrators, beg of you to accept our very earnest assurances of un- feigued sympathy and sincere personal respect, ‘e are deeply convinced tuat nothing more disastrous to the great cattse of repeal—nothing mory deplorabie on every account, Public or private—noshing more caleulated to give'n triumph to the enemies of Ireland, could by any possibility have occurred, And in so far as our declarations may chance to have intla: ence with any of the individuals who avsai ed you, we declare that we woutd rather abandon the strugsle altogether. dear as it is toour hearts, than consent to remaiu connected with it if its progress is to be marked by any violonee or outrage to any party oF parties whatsoever, ‘Unce more repeati our earnest nxsPirance of respect, we have the honor to be, var faithful servants, Sigued on behalfof the meeting, and hy order of the same, JOHN U'CONNEUL, Chairman, T. M. Rav, Secretary, Last Sunday evening was fixed for the celebration of a soirée in the city of Waturford, in honor of a de; tation of the Young Ireland party, consisting of Mes: Meagher and Duffy. Mr. O’Brien was unable to ac company the deputation, owing to tho bruises he re- ceived in Limerick. At an eurly hour, all the vehicles in the city were in request, and a precession met the deputation, A vast assemblage of people congregated; flags and banners were to be seen in abundance | The soirée pasted off very quietly and peaceably. A preliminary meeting of the repealers of Dundalk was held on this day week, at which an address to Mesars. Smith O’Brien, M. P., Meagher and Mitchel, was unan- imously agreed upan. A public meeting will be again held this evening. at whieh the addroaa will be adopted. Mr. James McKnight, LL. D., Honorary Secretary to the Ulster Tenant Right Assooiation, has addressed a letter to the Orangemen of Ulster, instructing them in their rights and duties. He states to the Orangemen that, although pee loyalty to the Queen, this em to the government. He calls upon them, in every loyal address to let » tonant right decla- ration be embodied; and let it not be a delusive system of tenant right. Without tenant right, he says the people are slaves in politics, who have tiie privilege of voting only as thelr superiors bid them. ‘The Protex- tant Repeal ‘Association have issued a temperate and able addyoss to their co-religionists, in which, after having declared their principles to be a determination to avoid mixing religion with political questions, the protection of verted interests, loyalty to the Queen, and, as a necessary consequence, opposition to repub- | lican principles, so far as concerns our own country. They then proceed to remove the objections which the protestants might still entertain towards a repeal of ofthe Union; and states, in conclusion, “ we claim the right of applotting, collecting. and controlling our own revonues—of regulating our own internal affairs—in a word, of minding our own basinoss in our own coun- try. This we shall continue to demand; and this, wo are convinced, we thal obtain,” On Tuesday last, a meeting of the corporation was held; the Lord Mayor in the chair. Much discussion was had in consequence of the Town Clerk having read a communication from the gentleman usher of the castle, to know why the coporation omitted wearing their robes on the occasion of presenting an address to the Lord Lieutenant, the day before, The upshot of which was, that the Lord Mayor undertook to write y: In several parts of the country, the act lately passed has been carried into effect. On Thurles quarter sos- sion, Inst week, Michael Guillfoyle, a cooper, was found uilty, by a jury compored of six’ Protestants and six Roman Catholics. of having in that proclaimed district manuifyctured pikes according to certain directions siven in the United Irishman, and was sentenced to he mitigated penalty of twelve months’ imprisonment. Several men pleaded guilty, at the same court, of h ing possession of guns, pistols, powder, bayonets. contrary to the late act. There being nothing, bi ever, aggravating in any of the cases, the parties wero | let off with terms of imprisonment varying from a fort. | night to three months, with hard labor. At the head police office, ou Thursday last, two young mon, named Andrew F.nglish, of Fownes street, and Michael Kane, of Peter streot, were brought up, charged with rifle. ractice, at Dundrum. They were committed to take heir triai, At the Douglas xessions, Cork, nitie per- rons were summoned to show cause why information should not be received against them for having prac- tieed tangot-shooting. ‘The case war dismissed on the ground that the parties acted in ignorance of the law. ‘The Irish, party committee had « meeting on Saturday, After much discussion between the gentle- men, it was Saeetneeiiiainenmaeeeee ee Y to Lords with this re to assiss thems tn opetineing the: jee ry ia conduc: ‘the arrangements, a8 40 the means to be adopted for tnpro ti legislation, Much commiseration has been manifested for Mv. Smith O’Bries. On Wednesday and Thursday, his lodgings, in Westland row, were filled by successive deputations from the several cubs in Dublin, and it vicinity, auxious to tender to him their expressions uf contidence in, and affection for, his person. Some of the clubs presented addresses declaratory of their opinions, The Rev. Mr. Nolan, P, P. of Monsea, for some time under suspension for ultra denunciations, has, within the last few days, received the further punishment of dismissal by his bishop. the Rey. Dr. Kenuedy, in con- sequence of having written certain articles’ reflect- ing on his lordship in the Tipperary Vindicator, Tho Rey. Mr. Birmingham, P. P. of Borrisokane, who was suspended by the same diocesan, for writing aletter to the Nation, urging on the repeal movement, has re- tracted his letter in a communication tothe Dubiin Evening Post; he will soon be reinstated in his parish. ‘An attempt has been made to rob the magazine of Monaghan. On Friday last tho sergeant of the guard Alscovered aholo in the back wall of the magazine, which was worked at the corner of a large coin stone, which it would appear, was intended to have been remo- ved, and thon either to blow up the magazine or steal the ammunition, A rapid sale has been made of pikes in Kilkenny. ‘The weapon there sold is abont two feet long, the blade formed either to cut or stab, and supplied also with a hook and hatchet on cither side ; it varies as to finish and polish according to the price. 7s. éd. being the maximum charge. The name of Hyland, pike- maker to Dublin Castle, is stamped upon the blades. Six hundred stand of arms, with gunpowder, ball grenades, and shot, were landed at Monkstown, Cork, on Tuesday week, to be forwarded to Clonmel. Five hundred stand of arms, with a proportionate quantity of ammunition, were landed next day from Fermoy; and itis stated that it is the intention of the govern: ment to forward arms and ammunition to the barracks throughout the country, for the purpose of arming the loyal inhabitants. ‘There are at present in Ireland 10 regiments of cavalry and 23 of infantry, 5 troops of horse artillery. 12 companies and detachments of royal foot artillery, with field batteries, royal engineers, and 2 companies of sappers and miners, forming an effectivo force of upwards of 34.000 men, ‘There aro also 22,000 enrolled pensioners, and the staff of militia regiments and police, A corps is forming of the young men em- ployed in the different government offices in Dublin. Tregret much to have to inform you that the ac- counts of the potato crop are not so satisfactory as we would wish. Extensive failures have already been dis- covered in the west of Ireland, In some instances the seed is rotten, in others smal | tubers have been found, which are always fatal to the further growth of the plant. Through one or other of these causes large fields are found to be wholly haulked of the hope and promise of the year. It is, however, satiafactory to know, that wherever the seed potato has been put into ground with proper attention to the season and to the due culture of the soil, no cause has aa yet appeared to doubt but Providence will give the much desired in- crease, The potato has been planted in great abun- dance, and it is supposed that the breadth of land that will ‘be (planted this year will equal if not surpa that of former years, But all accounts agree that, no! withstanding, the prospects of the agriculturist aro cheering, 0 far as an opinion can be formed. Tho tilling and sowing has progressed rapidly, and the early crops present a very favorable appearance, Mr. Purdon, the proprietor of the Farmers’ Gazette, and who furnished the machinery for printing Mitch- el’s paper, received notice from the attorney general that he would be regarded and dealt with as principal in the first degree, if he published felonious matter, in the old way. Therefore. rather than endanger his liberty, he insisted upon having the opinion of counsel upon’ the ‘ leaders’’—henco Mitchel’s observation, \ The learned censor wonsiders the nious’ stars substituted. HL F. A. City Intelligence. Tur Weature.——The weather. yesterday, was vory pleasant until late in the afternoon, when the wind suddenly changed to the east. and became quite cold; at the same time heavy clouds obscured the sky, with evident indications of an approaching storm. The morning was delightful, and again presented a scene of excursions from the city to enjoy the pleasant coun- try air. Warne vo tur Emiorants Betona?—On Saturday afternoon a woman, very mueh debilitated from recent illness, and still laboring under discage, was found in the neighborhood of the horse market, on Third aye- aue, The fact having been ascertained, that only three had elapsed since she landed in’ this city, from Europe, sho was, as a matter of course, taken ‘to the office of the Commissioners of Emigration, to whom she had aright to apply, and from whom she should re- ceive aid, She was refused help from that quarter, and the persons taking her to that place were obliged to take her to the Eighteenth ward station, where she still remained yestereay.morning; knowing of no shel- ter in this vast city city where she coul comforts and attention necessary to her situation. the Commissioners of Emigration are not to take caro of, and provide for her, then who Is? They receive a fee from every emigrant landing in the port, in eonside- ration of which, they are, by law, compelled to relieve the city of the expense of providing for thom. The: have been frequent complaints of late.that omigrant have been thrown upon the city; and in some cases, after being refused admission at the almshouse, they have actually suffered for the necessaries of life. This thing should be attended to, and the proper measures taken for the protection of destitute emigants. Fouxp ix te Water.—Corener Walters held an in- quest upon the body of Charles G. Wade, a native of Long Island, aged 26 years, who has been missing from home for about four months, and was yesterday morn- ing found floating in the slip at the foot of Beekman street. Verdict—death by drowning. Mor» Mystery.—As policeman Wade, of the 10th ward, was passing through Ludlow street, about one o'clock yesterday morning, he found upon the stoop of ‘No. 15, a basket and two infants—one alive, the other dead. ‘The former was sent to the alms house, and the coroner held an inquest upon the body of the dead one, when, from an examination that was made, it was sn- tisfactorily shown that it had been born alive. and pro- bably within the 24 hours previous; but the cause of death. or by whom it had been left, could not be ascer- tained. Asoriten Deatn From tHe Duane street Fine.— Another death from the great firo in Duane street, on the morning of the 2d ult., occurred yesterday morn- ing. Among those injured on that fatal morning, was Mr. Durand. a member of Hoe Co. No. 35, who was caught under a portion of the wall. by which his leg was broken. As soon as he was oxtricated from the pile of ruins, he was taken to his residence in Green- wich street, where, by proper attention and medical skill, it wax thought he would soon recover; but so much was his leg crushed, that before the lacerated | flesh could heal, inflammation took place, and he suf- | fered for nearly two months the most intense agony, until yesterday morning, when he died; his leg for seme days having been in a putrid condition. Mr. D. was highly thought of by his fellow members, and by the whole department, and his loss brings on another | season of mourning in that band of faithful watchers of the interests of their fellow men. Ax soon as lis death was made known to the department, the differ- ent engine and hose companies of the city called mect- | ings, and again hung their houses in the sable drapery. of mourning Sraret Ivcumneances.—For some time past, it has been the custom of the theatres of the city, and other places of public amusement, to have their large bills stuck upon boards. provided by themselves, and placed in the most public portions of the city, where they would not prove a nuisance. by encumbering the streot or sidewalk; and from the fact that they did not prove such nuisance, have until this time, been allowed to remain untouched. Now, in the very place, where thoy are less out of the way than in any other, a notice has been put upon those around the fence of the Park, on Chatham and Centre streets, warning the owners to the incumbrances from the sidewalk on or he 30th instant, otherwise they will be taken to Sorporation yard.”” At the very places where thes boards are now standing. occupying but a single inch of the sidewalk, there are book stands, handearts, boxes, barrels, and every other thing calculated to ef: fectunily obstruct the walk, and there is no notice whatever taken of them. If they were all taken to the Corporation yard. it wonld afford kindling wood to the Street Commissionors’ office for a year to come; and there ix no reason why those who live by keeping places of amusement, should be victimized above all others. If the worthy funetionary who caused these notices to be put up would. on some pleasant day, take a walk up the east sido of Chatham strect and the Bowery, hls souse of good order would certainly be shooked by the almost impassable condition of the sidewalks, which are continually blocked up by all kinds of wares and merchandise, Or, ifhe would strolt through the lower part of Broadway, he would probably find the walk occasionally somewhat obstructed, at least; so much so, that if he did not wish to wait for some time, he would have to find his way through the street. in the midst of omnibuses and carts, Besides these, there are many streets, and some of them quite public thoroughfares, in which at any time may be found any quantity of carts and other obstructions, which he will never find in the middle of the Park Such business is truly “straining at a gnat and swal- lowing a camel.” Honoxes.—Immense groups of citizens flocked. yos- terday, to Hoboken, to enjoy the balmy air and take their sherry cobbler in the shade Seldom have such crowds flocked forward together upon any ordinary oc. casion, or on Sunday, ‘The day was delightfully fine, Common Covnen,—Both branches of the Common Council meet in. their respective chambers this even- ing. Horrwr Iyuman Sacrivice.—Not long ago we are credibly informed, a famous Gouls chief, named Selly, being engaged in the war which has been carried on between the Goulahs and Condovs for a number of years, applicd to a priest of the Moha- medan profession, to know what ho should do to be more successful in his expeditions against the Condoes, ‘Tho priest inquired of him whether he was able tomake the necessary sacrifice. to which ho replied that he could make any sasrifice that could be named. Upou this, the nefarious impostor told him that he must kac- rifice his son; and, taking his dead body upon his shont- dors, hix feet swung around his neck, and his head hung behind him, in this manner advance before his troops to the contest. and victory would be hia! ! It is hardly necessary to inform the reader that these sanguinary directions were compliod with. Calling hia son into a house, he caught him, deliberately tied him, and then, with his own parental hand. ho eut hit throat! Having offered this sacrifice, he and his troops prepared to advance towards the jurisdiction of their enemioa; thon was this inhuman father seon with his dead son on his baok, in tho manner dirceted, without any display of parental affection or any emotion, save that aroused in his barbarous breast by the confident expectation of victory. Jo was kuccessful In threo subsequent engagements, and undoubtedly ascribes his vietory to the costly snc- Resolved, That Mr, Joba O'Connell should addgess an invitation | Tiflee made to obtain it,—4frican Luminary, March 8,