The New York Herald Newspaper, February 17, 1848, Page 1

} THE NEW YORK HERALD. Whole No, 5013. ‘ ARRIVAL or THE STEAMSHIP HIBERNIA. ONE WEEK LATER FROM EUROPE. STATE OF THE MARKETS, Reduction in the Rate of Interest. IMPROVEMENT IN THE MONBY MARKET, Advance in Cotton. DECLINE IN GRAIN. Additional Failures in England and in Europe. INSURRHCTION IN IF.ALyY. Progress of the Influenza. &e, be, &, The steamship Hibernia, Captain Shannon, was telegraphed at half-past 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon. She reached the city about half- past’8 o’clock. She sailed from Liverpool on Sunday, the 30th ult. The intelligence is one week later than that received by the Sarah Sands. The Bank of England has reduced the rate of interest to four per cent. Out ot the bank the rate is three per cent. It is announced that the King of Denmark is dead. The mercantile failures which have occurred since the 16th of January, have been fewer in num- ber.and less in magnitude in Great Britain than during any corresponding period within several months past. But, on the continent, firms of considerable importance continue to stop pay- ment; and the reaction of the late crisis in Eng- land 13 very severely felt throughout Europe and in other parts of the world. In India, several other houses have stopped payment, almost the whole of them being branch houses or firms inti- mately connected with the great London houses which failed in the fall of the last year. The eities of Bombay and Madras have escaped with less loss than almost any other places, the chiet weight of.the late misfortunes having fallen, as we anticipated, on Calcutta. The directors of the North and South Wales Bank, which suspended in November last, have made arrangements to resume payment in the early part of February. The head office of this bank is at Liverpool, with branches all over the principality. Lord Palmerston has protested against the for- cible levying of taxes upon English residents in Mexico, to support the war with the United States. These levies were made some six months since, andthe English residents then protested aguinst it. The King of Wurtemburg opened the Cham- bers on the 22d ult. with a royal speech. The King of Bavaria has ordered those Jesuits, who have taken refuge there, after banishment from Switzerland, to leave within three days. The Madrid journals of the 22d, which reached us in due course, are as uninteresting as those of pecrsiae days. The ex-minister, D. Francisco avier de Burgos, died on the 2let. The editor of the Presse (Paris paper) states that he had seen a letter, written from on board an American ship of war, dated the 16th, off Messina, which states that a fire of artillery had been opened on that place. It is mentioned in advices from Berlin, that a state of business approaching panic had been witnessed on the Bourse, in consequence of the nature of operations arising from the general aspect of political and commercial affairs. ‘The King of Sweden has taken umbrage at the conduct of France, Austria, and Prussia, neglect- ing to consult him on the proposed intervention in the affsirs of Switzerland, his majesty having been, as he alleges, a party to the treaty. Our Paris letters of the 28th Jan., state that anxiety respecting the situation of Naples and Sicily was increasing. The assembling of 35,000 troops in Naples, which we have already an- nounced, was held fully to confirm the rumored imtention of the disaffected to revolt. The King ot Naples was believed in Paris to be still deter- mined to refuse making any concessions to his people. Intelligence from Rome, of the 18th ult., state that the account of the insurrection in Sicily had produced a deep sensation in that capital. It was reported that the Austrian ambassador, in compliance with instructions he had received from his court, in case any serious disturbances took place in the kingdom of eee had de- mended a passage through the Roman domi- nions for an army of 30,000 men, to assist King Ferdinand in putting down the revolt. His Holi- had pecenmreatlle refused that permission, and declared that he would, in conjunction with all his allies, resist by force all invasion of his States. Lord Minto, on the other hand, hay- ing been asked if England would permit Austria to send a naval expedition to Naples, was under- stood to have replied that his Government would take no step to prevent the repression of a rebel- lion, but that, in the event of the success of the revolters, and the establishment of a regular Government under? the reigning family of Na- ples, Lord Palmerston would oppose alf foreign intervention. Lord Minto, who had ordered the British fleet not to appear at Naples, lest ite pre- sence should occasion a revolutionary move- ment, had, on receipt of the intelligence of the insurrection at Palermo, sent directions to Ad- miral Parker to detach ships of the squadron to the Sicilian coast, to protect the persons and pro- perty of English residents. The Pontifical Go- vernment had concluded a loan of 1,000,000 of eoudi, (£200,000,) at 94, with M. Delahante, a French banker. The Queen has been pleased to appoint James Hosken, Esq , Lieutenant in the Royal Navy, to be Master-Attendant and Postmaster for the island of Labuan. There are rumors, as there have been for some time, of an intention to establish in London a very large discount and banking establishment onthe principle of paying interest on deposits. If this be done on a secure basis, it will materi- ally affect the value of stock in the Bank of Eng- Jand by withdrawing a large portion of the de- posits. The position of the iron trade remains unal- tered, except that several additional furnaces have been put out of blast. The spirit of infatu- ation still prevails among the workmen, and they contiaue to absent themselves from tne works, while the unabated stagnation of business affords no prospect that the masters will be enabled to give way to their demands. The colliers and miners are also partially on strike, and a few disturbances have taken inn in the neighborhood of Kingswinford and Dud- ley, by theexhibition of violence on the part of the unemployed against the more reasonable of their companions who have returned to work From the evident intention to commit outrage, it was jadged expedient, in one instance, to send for the id of the military, but the mob having accomplished their ends of intimidation, quietly dispersed, So great is the distress of the working classes at Vienna, that the funds of the public pawabrok- ing establishments have been exhausted by the numerous advances which it has made on pledges, and it has consequently contracted a loan ot 1,000,000 florins (about £104,000.) The peosfle of Venice and Milan amuse them- selves by Writing words applauding the Pope on all the dead walls, and the Austrian authorities are forced to employ a number of men to white- wash these obnoxious inscriptions, which are regularly eflaced in the morning, and as regular- ly rewritten during the night. Letters from St. Petersburg in the Hamburgh Gazette, staie that the disorder of the Emperor of Russia has returned with increased violence. He has been compelled to keep his room tor se- veral days. It is said, that the week before last the 60,000 persons Inid up at Madrid with infuenee, The King of Sweden h conduct of > iota, and Praelaeatte ing to consult him on the proposed intervention in the affairs of Switzerland, his Majesty having been, as he alleges, a party to the treaty. It is stated that 427 vessels, laden with grain for St. Petersburgh, are detained, by the ice in the port of Rybinsk, which is situated at the meeting of the two rivers, the Rybinska and the Volga ; and in order to preserve the grain, it will have to be disembarked and stored uatil the spring. The overland mail from India and China, via Marseilles, reached Liverpool on the 25th inst. By this arrival we have received our mail ad- follows :—Bombay, Dec. 15; Calcutta, . 8; Madras, Dec. 18; Hong best Nov. 29; Shanghae, Nov. 19; Amoy, Nov. 13; Manilla, Nov. 2a Sagentes Dec. 7; Java, Nov. 30; Mau- ritius, Nov. 28. The political news from India and China is unimportant. The Amsterdamsche Courant contains an an- nouncement of Messrs. Hope & Co., ot the 21st instant, by which the holders of Louisiana bonds are inyited to deliver their bonds at the office of said M Hope & Co., together with a de- claration of acquiescence in the proposition of directors of the Louisiana Citizens’ Bank. This sproposition is to be had at Messrs, Hope & Co.’e, with a form of consent; and the term of a0 lying is fixed from 26th January till the 14th of February. The King of Bavaria has ordered those Jesuits who have taken refuge there after banishment from Switzerland, to leave within three days. .From Austria we learn that Prince Metter- nich’s influence is on the wane. Miss Frederica Herschel, sister to the cele brated astronomer, Frederick William Herschell, died on the 17th inst. at Hanover. Miss Her- schell was herself an accomplished astronomer ; she is perhaps most a palaety known in England as the constructor ont e selenic globe preserved in Greernwich Observatory. The Earl of Moray died on the 12th instant, at Darnaway Castle, Morayshire, in his seventy- seventh year, from an attack of influenza. By his death the lord lieutenancy of Morayshire has become vacant. Rear-Admiral Swaine died of the 14th inst. at Wisbeach, after a service of nearly sixty years. The deceased officer was midshipman of the Recovery, at Howe’s relief of Gibraltar. _ Cardinal Massin: died at Rome on the 11th inst., of apoplexy. The Dowager Baroness Dimsdale died at her residence, Hertford, on the 16th inst., in the 86th year of her age. Special Despatches to the New York Herald. Liverroor, Noon, 28th Jun., 1848. There is mighty little stirring amongst us here; the principal subjects at present onthe ta- pis, where I think they eeem likely to stick, are the “Gutta Percha Soles.’? So completely has this invention become the theme of universal eulogy, that every gentleman as well as gent, has determined to become a “snob” for a sea- son. A remarkable, and yet uncommonly com- mon, event is to behold such members of society plodding their homeward path threugh the “good old town,” witha roll of napthatic cake under their arm; and if you venture to write a friend to. spend an evening with you, the ready reply, with up-raised eyebrows, as much as to say, why, don’t you know, is, ‘On! I’ve to gole a pair of boots.” Never, perhaps, since the days of Knox, was a greater solicitude evinced for the preservation of soles than now, for every man looks after his own. Thecobblers are in despair—their glass is belaw freezing, and uo wonder; the very mo- rality, as well as understanding, of the. lace fected, and the fashionable mode of express- ing an oath is, * *pon df pattie 7 2 the way, talking of dioll souls; the Metalli- ni Duke has succeeded at last (for it appears by his own account he has long been trying) to set allon the look-out for Mounsiers advent—a “Freneh fashion,” that the ladies are scarcely likely to approve of -and it is positively affirmea by those who know best about it, that regular are the draughts of soul-stirring bitters that those sons of Mars, and Joinville’s tars, refresh their thirst for revenging Waterloo. What to be done? or rather what’s doing? Why, everyeman‘is becoming a soldier; and as I know Punch’s Miirtia Man is “*no false crea- tion” of Punch’s ‘heat oppressed brain,” but exists in the person of an old ‘‘ Willan” whe lives at a place called Oxton, near Burkinghead, (that town:‘‘to be let’?)—this veteran, who served and died for his country, by proxy, is re- gularly armed (like Hamlet’s. [aur ay cop-a pé, “his beaver up,” and with cutlass and loaded pistols, and.is, in fact, although six beyond “three score years and ten,” a ‘militia man,” ready cut and dried, whenever his country requires him. Thirteen hours a day does this patriot spend in his libra- ry, and never loses sight of his traps—I mean his accoutrements. But, joking aside, amongst other military and naval movements, a squadron of 12armed steam vessels, of various sizes and power, is ordered to assemble at Portsmouth,and to be kept ready for service. ” In[the commercial he 6 every thing seems * stale, flat, and unprofitable,” and the rrequent heavy arrivals of specie only tend to render our mercantile men the more dollar-ous, and those amongst us best (or worst?) employed are at- tornies and auctioneers. Advices from St Petersburgh mention the stop- page of Mr. J. C. Plitt, a German merchant of immense business and of the very first respecta- bility 000 is named as the amount of his kftort and Manchester are likely stoppage. | : Three fourths of the failures during the last year in Berlin, are said to have been caused by railway speculations. For thirteen days we have had a smart frost and Peel’s sliding: scale has not prevented skating. However, such frosts are now a days few and far between, and the present opportunt- ty of skating is certainly an ice-olated one with us. As long as the wind continues east we can have no arrivals, and the following American vessels, due at this port, have not yet made their appearance :—the Columbia, Cropper, New York; the Anglo-American, Brown, from Boston; the Patrick Henry, Delano, and the Marmion, Free- man, New York. The Sarah Sands sailed hence tor New York, on the 22d instant, and will, probably, reach New York about the 12th February. ‘The influenza has been very busy with all on this side of the Atlantic. It ig said that the last week but one, 60,000 persons were afllicted with it at Madrid. Christian VIII., King of Denmark, al ter long suffering from this disorder, died on t 19th inst. at Copenhagen. Letters from Vienna of the 10th, state that Prince Metternich is dan- gerously ill. Great is the demand with us tor medicine and hot water just now—in fact, as re- ards the latter commodity, it amounts, in many families, to this:—‘‘ Betty, (to the servant,) put a fire under the pump.” In Ireland, however, the case is somewhat different. The favorite dose there is an ounce of lead, in the shape of a pill, applied externally. ‘ Things theatrical are, like eyerything else, in bad odor with us. Fancy a renter’s share in Drury Lane theatre, formerly worth £500, being last week knocked down at the auction mart in London for £70! | Punch speaks Ce a (he has great confidence, that Punch)—of 300 “clowns” not acting with ‘* pantaloons” (dreadful destitution !), and of harlequins being ata horrid discount. He also speaks—and he’s 4 great authority—of the probable exportation of clowns’ dresses to New Zealand, in the hope that the native chiefs will adopt the costume. But those New Zealanders are not such fools. Van Amburgh is here, acting as agent for the Titus of the American arena, and is on the look out for talented art: of the tumbling line, and has, too, pofghesed from our Batty sundry Al- binos, piebalds, and chargers, which latter, at least, are to figure in the Gon zuest ot Mexico.” He has also purchased elephants and camels,with or without number. Young O’Connell has not given up the ghost on the floor of the Iouse of Commons yet; but he has merely poureare that achievement (as his father put off the repeal of the ion) until an indefinite season, or until a more fittin op: portunity offers of doing it with effect. ar it won't do. a \ The Caledonia arrived yesterday (Saturday) morning, at 6 o’clock, very unexpectedly; et, but for falling in with easterly winds o: ‘Caok e would have reached the Mersey half aday earlier. The departure of the Hibe has been dela ed 24 hours in consequ oe ly t) r Post ther Clear, NEW YORK, THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 17, 1848. anarrival and dispatch, it appears, in pugilistic fashion, ‘‘one down, Vother come on.” The absence, it seems, ofa portion or the whole of the New York mail, has caused great incon- venience and annoyance; and long and unsettled countenances are the effect. The number of let- ters by the Caledonia is said to be “ prodigious- ly” small We received our Mexican and West India letters by the Teviot steamer, this morn- ing—she was looked for seven days ago. 30th Jan., 1 P. M.—Still no account of the Co- lumbia, Patrick Henry, Anglo-American, or the Marmion. Wind continues 8. E. Panis, 18th January, 1948. Even's of high interest here have cocurred since the date of my last despatches. The oldest and most cherished friend and counsellor, and one of the most be- loved of the relatives of the Monarch of the Barricades, bas departed this transitory life, after seventy years passed amidst vicissitudes seldom paralleled in the life and fortunes of any individual of any station or rank. The late Princess Adelaide of Orleans, was a person of and revenues, no onocan tell. Still leescan this be ex- plained, when it is remembered that the invitation has emanated from his political opponents. But so it is. Espartero, coming from London by rea, landed at St. Sebastian, where the inhabitants spontaneously ilium!- nated the town, on his arrival. Preparations were made to celebrate his return by public rejoicings, and honors, and salutations due to his rank as Captain-General, were offered to bim. He declingd all these manifesta- tions, and would not even accept a guard of honor due to bis military rank. He travelled from St. Sebastien to Madrid incog., aud took care to arrive in the capital at four in the morning, an hour at which it was not to be expected that any popular manifsetations should take place. After hia arrival, crowds continued to collect in front of his hotel; but he avoided showing himalf. or doing any thing which could provokean outbreak of the public enthusiasm. When St beoame meoessary to pre. sent himself to the Queen, he went out in plain clothes, in the brougham of a friend to avoid popular notics. Various versions aro given of his interview with her majesty ; but we have reasons to know that it was such as to gratify the Ex-Regect. He was received by the Queen and King consort, none of the ministers bei present, with words of kindness on the one side, an pr: fessions of devotion on the other, were interchanged, strong maseulice understanding, and exercised over the mind of her brother a greatinfluence. She it was, wh when the wile cf Louis Philippe shrunk from the offer of ‘the it Neuilly, by MM. Thiers and Soheffer, in July, 1830, stood boldly forward, pledged herself that her brother should congeorate his life to the country, and even offered to go personally to she chamber thre: the tumults of the streets, if her presence then could useful. S noe then she has never d herself from the destinies of the new monarch. She in! ited the pavilion of the Tuileries, which forms ths angle of the palace next to the giver, in which she occupied the noble suite of apartments on the ground floor, where she died. On the restoration, it was her good fortune to find the chief part of the property of which she had been deprived by the revolution unsold. and she conse- quentiy regained it. Its amount was very considerable, being estimated in actual value at the death of the Princess, at twelve millions of dollars. With the exception of some legacies, she left this to the sons of Louis Philippe, her nephews. The Dune @Aumale, possessing the princely fortune of the late Dake ot Bourbon, received no share. The Duke de ;Nemours being the natural inheritor of the chief part of the immense private fortune of Louis Phil- lppe, has received only two millions of dollare. ‘The re- mainder is divided in equal parts between the Prince de Joinville aud the Duke de Montpensier. These princes will thus be possessed of most munificent fortunes. The Duke de Montpensier got with bis wife a fortune of above six millions of dollars, and the Prince de Joinville, who married the sister of the Emporor of Brazil, obtained & dower of scarcely less amount. Since this severe stroke of affliction, Louis Phillippe has visibly suff-red. ‘The struggle to suppress his ewo- tions before his family and the public has only augment- ed their effect, and those who are best acquainted with what goes on fn the chateau, are of opinion that the days of the sovereign will be abridged by this shook, al- though it is certaiuly untrue that there were any imme- diate grounds for uneasiness respecting bis life. How much importance is attached to that life, has been rendered conspiciously manifest by the effect pro- duced at the Bourse, by the slightest alarm respecting it. The moment the death of the Princess Adelaide was an- nounced, the three per cents fell afrano; not, of course, on aco-unt of the princess herself, but irom the effect it was feared that her death would have onthe king. Since then every rumor regarding his health has caused a fluctuation. It is literally true that he cannot sneeze without lowering the funds. Another rreat event, of which you will doubtless have heard, is the surrender of Abd-el Kader, that formidable chief, who has eo long warred sgainst the French in Afrioa,to the Duc d’Aumale. This was a lucky inci- dent; a eort of windfall of Gory to the young governor general of Algiers. Abd-el Kader was not, strictly speak- ing, making war the French colony in Africa. He was attacking the Emperor of Morocco, by whose army he was beaten. He found himself beset on one side by the victorious troops of Abierhaman,and on another e frontier of the French colony, bristling with bay- under General Lamoriciere, and in his rear the desert. There was no pe. He offered to surrender to the Duc d’Aumale, or rather to General Lamoriciere, the condition of being sunt with his family aud suite, either to Alexandris or St. Jean d’Acre, Tnese cond! tions were granted, and the Emir, with his followers, amounting to about an hundred persons, were accord- iogly landed jarseilles ina French steam frigate.— At home, however, the conditions which ‘been granted, proved to be any thing but acceptabl: to back ont of the affair, without violating the the governar genera! of Algeria, the son of Lonis Phi- Lippe. This has just been, however, most edrpitly ma- naged. Abd-el Kader has been wheedied and flatter: by the sgents of Louis Philippe, until he has been a tuslly persuaded to give up voluntarily the conditions on which he surrendered, and to throw himself on the generosity of the King of the Frenel: The movement has assumed dimensions and tm such as to command the serious attention of the government, which now sees that it will not do to ‘treat it with coutemptuous indifference. The Revue des Deux Mondes mi-official organ of the cabinet, in an article which sppeared on Saturday, admits that the question can no longer beleitto the reform banquet that it is rite for discussion in the Chamber. 1'n1 towards practical legislation; and it may be now considered that ere long the colossal system of electoral and parliamentary corruption, which forms the instrument by which the government in France must uudergo mcdification. ‘The country de. mands it. The ministerial mejority themeelves admit that it is Indispensable, and no cabinet can permanently hold office without, at least, msl this uatversal dymand. At the m ig rumored that negotiations are g Court and Count Molé, for a change of cabinet; but I believe they will lead to nothing. In music and the drama, the great event of the last peyey =o as been the production of Auber’s new opera yt‘ Haidee, or, The Secret.” is work bas been pro- duced with every attention to effect, whether in the manic, the libretto or the “ mise en scenr.’’ The librette ie by Scribe, and has been found fault with as being com- plicated and |, but the brilliancy of the music and the spleridor of the scenery and costums, draw all attention from criticism upon the drama. The opera in its charaoter and style, belongs to the same clars as “ Masaniello,” and although written forthe Opera Co- mique, ought to have been produced at the Aca where alone justice could have been done to it, where it might have been iliustrited end adorned with those delicious 8, to which the ins of Auberare 80 admirably ted. Such asit is, however, it has been eminently successful, and is likely to runon the alternate nights through the preserft season. It is also ‘about to be exported to London, where it will be pro- duced, it id, at Covent Garden. ‘erdi’s opera of * I Lombardi,” transmuted into Je- rusalem, which | have mentioned in my former letter, “ drags ite slow length along,’’ in gorgeous 'v magnificence at the Academy. It has not been success- fal, and notwithstanding all the artistioal skill, and the boundless expense laviahed upon its production, it is not destined to live. Indeed, neither the Parisian nor th London public, have ever been able to relish the com- ositions of Verdi. Score after score has been produced in the one and the other capital, and the managers have omitted no expediente 10 secure succees, yet the public has been insensibie to the merits of the maestro. Noth- ing is me incomprehensible to the amsteurs of London and Paris, than the inv le success of Verdi ia Italy. At the moment that | write these Jines, an “affche” of o1 f his works would be sure to put an audience to fijght im the capital of either England or France, while nething else is necer! to ensure crowded and eathusiastic sudi- Milan, Venice, Bologna, Florence, Rome, or Na- in the traus-alpine theatres, Rossini and and Verdi al lives. Paris is, as it has always been, defi- Paris public loves th tacle, and although t ervatoire, irom time to time, at distant inter- vale, attracts an audience of connoisseurs, yet the stage is the only arena im Paris in which a comporer can hope for a real triumph. Up to the time! write, the season has not been marked by the prodaction of & single cou- cert worthy of mention. Cinti Damoreaw has, however, just announced a concert, in which she proposes fo take her final farewell of the public. The stream of fashionable amusement in Paris, has been interrupted, and certain branches of business reri- ously damaged by the court mourning of two monthr, falling ee it does, unfortunately, in the very middle of the Paris season. All receptions and balls at the chateau. are, of course, discontinued, and the same suspension of social amusements take place by etiquette, at all the embassies, at ali the ministries; and iu ebort in all the circles directly or indirectly connected with the court and cabinet. Many families also, clad to effect an eoono- my in their expenses, shelter themeelves under the pre- text of fashion, and adroitly curtail their expenditures, and do homage to the powers that be, in the same mea- sure. Even in public, at the opera for example, con- siderable proportion of the audience appear in black. This is at once fashionable and cheap. Nevertheless balls and entertainmente continue in the Faubourg St. Germain; and on the evening of the 18th, the great an- nual public ballin aid of the extinct civil list of the Restoration, was given in the Jardin d’ Hiver, in the Champs Elysées. Of course, the vyotaries of the cause for which this entertainment is given, have but small it or consideration for the family of Orleans. 'y the bye, the “locale” of this entertainment merits especial mention. It{is @ conservatory on a colossal soale, erected in the Champs Elyseés, enveloped by a roof and sides of some hundreds and thousands of squsre feet of om in which an endless variety of flowers, na- tive and exotio, are cultivated and displayed, where there are promenade, ball rooms, “salons de lecture,” and “salons de soolete.”” In fact, it is aa immense establishment of public re- creation and amusement—where promenades, concerts and balls are given, amidst the perfumes and dezzling hues of flowers and shrubs from every country andevery olime, and amidst the brilliancy of tens of thousands of lamps, shedding an artificial day upon the scene of en- chantment. It seems likely to superscede the great theatres which have hitherto been the resort of the ve- taries of Terpsichore during the winter halt year. Mapnrip, January 12, 1548, * The great event cf this city which has marked the Jest month, has been the return of the Ex-Regent, Gen. Espartero, Duke of Victoria, from his long exile. The ‘web of Spanish politics is too intricate to be perfectiy known even here, much less at the other side of the clent. The 43 and the interview terminated satiefactorily. Espartero afterwards took his seat and the oaths as a Senator, and is now understood to be about to leave Ma- rid on a visit to the provinces. Innumerablereports bave been circulated ever siocs the return of the Queen Mother from Paris, of the decline of Queen Isabella’s health. It is certain that she has been subject lately tofatuting fits which have produced much an Uneasiness m. On two of these occasions, the Prime Minister, Narvaes, has been sudde: In the last of these on Her ued for nearly three hours in a state of insensibility. Nevertheless, the public anxiety has been aren by the subsequent appearance of the Queen in public without any marks of visible indisposition eporta are, however, continually ciroulated con! ing the supposed state of Queen Isabella with the whioh the Queen Mother and King Louis Philippe are understood to entertain with regard to the succession of the Duohess de Montpensier. No expeotations arenow entertained of the appearance of a direct heir to the throne, noris there much hope felt of the Duchess of Montpensier having issue. Meanwhile the great power of Furope (England and France except- ed) haye not acknowledged the sovereignty of Isabella, and will be rendered still less likely to de so by the non- @ of a successor in the direct line, or even in lateral one of the Montpensiers. In short, the is of a disputed m have been sown,and it has been morethan once affirmed that England has signified her desire to see the Salic law, re-established in Spain, ‘80 a8 to throw the family of Don Carlos within the circle of legal sucet d thus reconcile the great powers of Europe to statue quo” of the Peningula. alone, however, can prove what extent of reality there may be in these and similar speculations. Miriam, January 12, 1848, This city has during the last fortnight been the scene of extraordinary events. In former letters you have been informed of the secret struggle which has existed here between public opinion on the one hand and the fron despotism of Austria on the other. ‘We have an overwhelming armed force, ready to crush at any moment a defenceless and unsrmed population. No organ of expression exists for public opinion. There is no press nor any journal, save one, which is the ve- hiole of the will and the deorees of despotism. There isno jury, and consequently, in all questions between the government and the citizens there is no justice, Individual and personal liberty, there is none, In this situation of deplorable helplessness, some intel- ligent and public-spirited individuals lately reminded the people of the mode in which the British colonists in America, before the war of independence, assailed the home government, by combining together to stop the consumption of tea, from which the Britieh government derived so large arevenue. Imitating this exawple, it was suggested that wo should exercise the same means of coercion over our Austrian despots, by ceasing to use tobacco in any form, of which the government re- taina a monopoly, and from which it derives an enor- mous revenue. |t was further suggested that we should put money into the lotteries, another monopoly rom \d an extensive source of revenue. iggestions were thrown out towards the end of December, and a tacitagreement was como to that they should be carried into practical effect on and after new yearg day. Zak: convention was rigorously carried into effect, and except in rare instances, not a ciger was to be seen in the streets or places of public resort. The few who smoked, whether from ignorance of what had been agreed upon, or from a desire to violate it, were soon made to feel the irresistible power of the opinion of the majority ‘Those who wilfully persevered, suffered rebuffs and insults, and finally had the cigars switched from their mouths. In this state of things, the agents of the government and the police sent out bired in viduals, followed by armed men and other agents of the clvil power to smoke cigars, supplied to them gratui- tourly. The people were not slow to invent an infinite of modes of annoyance, which soon banished variet them soldiers,generally Austr! ly with some thousands cf cigars,and the town, retaining their side ar y They were instructed to keep in bands of 60 or 80, to frequemt the public promenadesand the most frequented and fashionable ca/¢s, where persons of their rank aud position had not been accustomed to appear, and were desired to smoke the cigars in the most irritating and provoking manner. It may be well imagined that such instructions were not thrown away upon bodies of men selected, as the Austrian soldiers are, from most abandoned and profligate classes of the population of the Empire. The Government well knowing what the oonsequences of such orders must be. directed them in case of their being tusulted, to use at their pleasure their side arms—in = word, © maseacre of the; population was arranged by the authorities for the evening of the Sdinstant. That such ® measure was premeditated, is yroved by the fact, that orders were sent to the hospitals 4 the morning to have all the available be d litters epared to reoeive the wounded Things being thus de- iberately arrat these bands of authorized murder- ers issued from their barracks in the attergoon of the 34, with the design on the part of the Government of ding terror throughout Austrian Italy, by the ex- hibition of a modern St. Bartholomew, and if the results were not proportionate to their expectations, it was more through the irresolation, or through some remains of right feeling in their military agents than from any want of wi'l in themselves. ‘The soldiers, as ordered, scoured the promenades and filled the puffing tobacco smoke in the faces of the peaceadl noffending citizens. Insults and abuse of Course ensued, and such of the soldiers as were suf- ciently base to act upon the permission given to them, drew their sabres and a snd fell upon the un- arned ‘The number of killed and wounded is variously reported, but aa thelr is no public press, an as the government journal Is sare to olroulate falsehood, go it never oan be certainly known. Common rumor val ries from 50 to 200. The government reports admit on- ly 12 actually killed. Numerous of the wounded, how- ever. arein the hospitals and private houses. Among the murdered isa Councillor of State, M. Monaughini & respectable man, aged above 78, murdered on the threshold of his own house, by the infuriated and intox- foated soldiery, as he was entering it. One body was found literally cut to pieces, having on it not less than 32 sabre outs and bayonet wounds, For some daye after this atrocious affair, the troops were consigned to their barracks, and enly allowed to leave them when on actual duty. But the city exhibits the melancholy aspect of a town in a state of siege. The artillery are kept ranged on the boulevards which sur- round theelity, end on the square before the chateau. ‘The guns are loaded night und dey. Horses are har- nessed to them, and the gunners lave their match lighted. ‘The atreets are swept from hour to hour by.patrols of infantry, and squadrons of csvalry—the one with their muskets loaded, and the other with their sabres drawn. Exch patrol of infantry is preceded as in time of war by three men with their loaded muskets slung and ready to be discharged. Such is the present condition of our city. Seanwhilo we learn that couriers have arrived from Vienna with despatches, investing tho Governor with extraordinary power, in which is included that of de- clearing martial law. In what all this wilbend, no one can tell. This reign of terror, however, does not appear to have intimidated other towns of Lombardy, for we learn that Como, Cre- mona, Bresehia, Pavia, Padus, and other places, have adopted the ystem of abstinence from tobacco, and the = lotteries Which have provoked the rage of our tyrants ere. #fallures of Mercantile Firms. The mercantile failures which @ occurred since hay less in magni- jm) p ment; td th rection of the into rine i Eogland ery severely felt tl out , and in other parts of the world. In India toveral other houses have stopped payment, almost the wholeof them being branch houses, or firms intimately connected with the great London hot which failed in the fall of the leat year. Tho cities of Bombay and Madres have escaped with less Joss than almost sny other places, the chief weight of the late misfortunes having fellen, as we anticipated, on Calcutta, We regret to state, that besides the houses already reported, thet of Hi ion & CO, at Calcutta, has finally suspended ont; also Colville, Gilmore, & Co. the ov dente of Barclay, Brothers & Co.; and B. ‘i’, Ford & Co, the correspondents of Rickards, Little & Co. The Union Bank had paid with promptitude euch bills as had been returned dirhonored, aud some hopes were entertained thatethe institation would not be irretrievably brokea up. Messrs. Lambe, Rainais & Co, of Columbo, the correspondents of Laurence, Pbil- lips’& Co, remafned firm, and no doubt was entertained of their stability. The house of Vin ardoza & Co at Madras, with the samo firm, was expected to stand their \d, unless suddeniy y re- turned bills. Indeed, it will not be until the bills dis- honored in London snail, when st maturity, be returned fall extent of the mischief can be — trustees have been as ee esas ondent houses which have f Martin, Hughesdon’s in those of Mr. J J McKenzie, Mr. Kel- sall. and Mr. MoCallum. A meeting of the creditors of wers. Smith, Cowell & Co. been held The statement of affairs showed the Habilities of tho firm here to be company’s rupees 232 384, and their aessts company’s rupees 690.038, of which company’s rupern 126756 is m cash balance in the Bank of Bengal and Oriental Bank ‘Their totel }abilities, ariving out of bills drawn on account of their London and Liverpoo! correspondents, are company’s rupees 81 don what is considered a low eriimate of the out-turn of property of those firma, the total assets will be compa- ny’s rupees 927,858 It was resolved that the house should be allowed to carry on business under inspectors then appointed, —- has beon genet the acti a! and Chins house had solicited assistance from the Bank of England, and was about to wind up their affaire These rumors have been uncquivocally contradicted; and {8 is positively atated that no present intention exists of any of the pariners of this eminent and extensive house relinquishing buainees. ‘The failure of J C. Plitt, German mierohant at St. Potereburg, for £350.000, has oaused great consterna. tion in that capital. Ths government has placed seals on the property ; and some malappropriation of funds be- longing to @ public company, in which malverastions » ceased broker has been discovered to be o party, has excited great distrus' Th jon Chambers are still disoussing the extent of al joh should be afforded to Messrs. Von Haber & Co, of Carlsruhe, but no doubt is entertained that +f- fective assistance will be afforded. It has been given with great reluctance. At Vienna the reports which bave been circulated respecting the great house of Arnstein & Eskeles, s¢- cond to only one in that olty, have, it is said, influenced the house to relinquish business, aud there can be no doubt but that the partners will retire with « consider- able private fortune, computed at halfa million ster- ‘9 affairs of Messrs. Rupe & Co. of Amsterdam, are ba aie to be very unfavorable. he sugar refining works of De Bruyn & Co. will not be red to discontinue operations, but will be éar- ried on by other parties. Messrs, Thomas Wright & Co. of St. Petersburgh, with Job Wright & Co. of London, have maintained their gcound ; the remaining bills, as in other cases of Russian and London houses, having been kept here and not sent back Mr. Michel Bass, banker, of Paris, whose name will be found in the subjoined list, is reported to have resumed business. Messrs. Perkins, Schlusser, and Mullens, of London, Eave signified their intention to pay 55 in the pound at ‘an early day. Messrs. W.and J. Woodley have also declared a second dividend of 3s 4d in the pound. ‘The Journal de 1’ Aisne mentions the disappearance of M. Clerzot, # banker, at Laon. The amount of his oapgment is not stated. "he old and respectable house of Johannes Bochmer, of Frankfort, which etands in our list of failures, is said te have resumed payment. The directors of the North and South Wales Bank, which suspended in November last, have made arrange- ments to resume payment in the early part of February The head office of this bank is at Liverpool, with branches all over the principality. FAILURES IN ENGLAND AND OTHER PARTS OF EURO! Bass, Michel, ban! Sout’ kinson, gener ms ‘al merch. ) C., & Co. Bochmer, J js Brightman, J., & Co. E. I. merchan' Cochetaux & Uo. manufacturers, Colville, Gilmore, & Co. mercha: Cunard, Jos,, timber merchant Cux & Co, Fore, B, iF., rohan Ferguson, A., timber & hard J. and C. cotton spinners Hardman & Co. merchan' Heidelburg Brothers, merch Hennekive, Louis, banker Hoffman M., merchant. . Hopkina, Ilenry, stock bro Hughesdon & Co., merchants. : Krug, M , merchant, J Ttubeck. Luke. Hainmill & Co, merchants... ...Caloutta. Leeage & Labry, dealers in cotton goods. Paris. Lee, J, Maclean, underwriter. ‘London; Matats, M , merchant. ‘Offenbach. Maring & Co....... Til2 1 omenbach. Mullens & Co., merobants...........Caloutta. Oxtey, Dunlop & Co..... + Pitt, J.C., merehant..... Smith, Cowell & Co., merobanis. . .. » " Volkert & Lubeck, timber merohants. Gottenburg. Caloutta, Word & Angell, leather factors. .... London. France. ‘The state of health of Louis Philippo has gi ate to considerable uncasiness. 1t was nat expected that the shock of the death of his sister, Ma- dame Adelaide, would have manifested itself visibly, hat monarch’s lisalth Advantage r, by speculators on the B (who, of course, manage to make rumors ge jum of the press) to exaggerate the ex- ys illness for their own purposes The move these reports as far as possible, caused s and court receptions, which had been s pended since the death of Madame Adeiside, to be r sumed forthwith. sty. but Chamber of ‘on the occasion of present: ing the address. The real faot is, that his Majesty still labors under the remains of influenza, although couri- Any complaints by @ monarch, so far ‘and whose feelings have so recently jected to a severe and trying or will cause more general interest than wu ad we do not won- der, taerefore, that they renewal ot ‘the oid rumor of abdication. moe to this, we copy from a Paris paper : o rumor of an intention to abdicate on the part of the King bas been revived. It is asserted that bis phy- sicians have recommended @ greater degree cf repose than is possible with the present position of Louis Philippe ; but itis believed also that there are political motives of high gravity for such an act. It would, it is argued, bring the regency into immediate action with all the moral power of the crown; for the King, although no longer tre nominal sovereign, would inspire the Gov- vernment with force, and he would be regarded as the natural guardian of the young king. It would also afford an occasion for salutary concessions, which the Government now refuses to make, on wcoount of their being @ breaking up of their system. It would be an experiment of a new government with all the moral force of the old, and all the popularity which a few judi- | cious reforms would impart. New actors would be on stage, but the old prompter would be at band.— | ath of Louis Philippe, under such circum- eo new go" ment would already be it arguments brought bdication of Louis Philippe.” I puties have been again reviewing the Swiss affairs, M. Gaizot charges Lord Palmerston with departing from the line of policy adopted by the British government in 1832, when Mr. Percy, then British Minister in Switzerland, was instructed by Lord Palmerston to inform the Swiss government that all alterations in the Swiss federal pact tending to destroy the separate sovereignty of the cantons, would #0 mate- rialiy change the foreign relations of Switzerland, as to entitle the powers which were parties to the treaties of 1815, to otject to such alterations. This, it is sd, is all the French government hes lately insisted . A'long debate took piace in reference to the seliing of government situations with the cognizance of govern- ment, M. Guisot admitted his knowledge of the prac- | tice, but denied any participation in them, and justified | his non-interference, by stating {hat the abuse had been of too long standing to be checked by anything rhort of a statute ior the purpose. A motion implying censure Of the Minister was negatived by ® large mojority ; but M. Guisot announced his intention of bringing in bill to meet the case alluded to Another discussion arose as tothe misappropriation on the of M. Duchatel of sume of money granted for the sufferers by the Loire inundation, in devoting them to electioneering purposes, in order to secure the return of @ ministerial member for a ‘The Chamber, however, refused to entertain the subject. It is evident from perusing the debates, and the votes come to, that although some of the con- servative party have deserted the leader, he hus stilla large wor! ing msjority in the Chamber. A reduction has been made in the estimates of the army and navy, consequent on the cessation of the war in Aigierr, } A Toulon letter of the 20th says—“The steam-frigate Magellan is ready to start for Brasil to bring back M. King’s Eavoy, to Buenos Ayres. e Prince will embark in the steam sloop visit and wera treated has heen diminished, For some days ee they havo been allowed meat, and those of Fort bouquet are no longer compelled to lie upoa the gro with only chopped straw under them, but have palliasses furnished to them. Several of them, who ware severely cast dowa st being ae) ted feom Abd-ol-K: have been removed to Fort Lamalgus. And this day oad one of the chle", ery old man, who would oertslaly have died of grief {f the s»paration had oontiaged, hae been conveyed tothe presence of Abd el-Kader. This old man had crept into a oorner of his prison at Fort Malbourquet, and trom that he would not mo} he was told that he was to be transferred to Fort La- melgue.”’ Italy. The Piedmontere Gazetie of the 20th confirms the news of the insurrection in Sicily, and gives the follow. ing details, Meesina began the insurrection on the 4th, eight days before the general rising, and had orgenised a o'vio guard, and taken posseasion of the fort of 8. Salvadore At Palermo, according tothe Piedmontese Gazette, at the first reports of cannon, the Bagariotl, of country people, flocked ia arms to the capital, headed by the priesta, with crucifixes in their hands, harangu- ing the multitude, and saying, that as Christ died for them th-y should die for their country. ‘The cavalry at- tacked the people, hut were repulsed with @ lose of 60 mun; the people only leet 20. Rome persone were, seem pouring boiling oil on the soldiers the windows; and among the pieces of furniture thet assailed their heads from above there was a piano! The citadel of Messina still held out, but it was believed it would shortly surrender i A letter from Palermo of the 12th save:—"The Fallen flag floats over the public fountain of the Fiera Veoshia square. One of the brothera (allio, lately reatored from prison, has been borne in triumph. At this moment, seven o’olock In the evening, the streets are defended barricades, the tocsin sounds from all the churches, am the houses are illuminated ” A letter from Naples, of the 17th, saye:— It is ru- mored that the infantry barricaded in the barracks of the Four Winds were out off from the Chateau Royal, and were with diflculty defending themeelves from the peopte. The Duc de Mago and (icneral Vial were shut up in the Chateau Royal. From the forte some balle and shells had heen thrown, which hed straok the houses. A provisional government had been formed, composed of the Prince de Soordia, the Duo de Serra di Falco, Admiral Ruggero Settimo, with two sdvocates nd a monk. Some infantry and artillery had been landed on the mole of the fort, to the great succor of the garrison, There had been numerous attacks by poopie and great bloodshed. Naples was quiet, but, né- verthylens, incendiary placards had been posted about.’* Another letter states that the king had gone on board to hold m conference with the Count de Aquila. The official journal drily announces an insurrectioval move- ment at Palermo, to put down which, troops had been sent, although those on the spot were quite suMoient tor the purpose. It wasmaid that the insurgents had got possession of eighteen s ices of cannon which were in the forts. The soldiers held these forte, but the insurgents held tha The latest intelligence from Naples is contained ina letter, dated the 18th, and published in the Journal des Déhat ‘The troops dispatched on the 14th had landed at Palermo without oppotition, ‘and took up their position near the sea, and in the forts at that side. Generel Sauget, the commander, put himeelf in com- munication, and traversed the town with the Duc de Mago, and General Vial, who are in the Chateau Royal. By this menos they leirned that ths insurgents of three committees who have presented their demands, vis :—Th» constitution of 1812, and full liberty of the ress. ‘hese demands were repeiled. Before proceed- ing to last extremities the military authorities resolved upon consulting the King, and the Count d’Aquila re- turned in a steamer to Naples on the 17th. All foreign- ers at Palermo had embarked. protestations and Ferdinand has treated all with contempt, }, & peo- ple born free, and now loaded with chains and reduced to misery, will no longer hesitate to assert our iti mate rights. To arms, sons of Sicily; our strength la invincible. Our motto is union, order, and obedience to the chiefs, and respect for property. ' Robbery is de- clared a crim of high treason towards the country, and will be punished as such. not fail to second our just enterprise!” Sicilians, to arms! At Naples, when the account of the oucbreak was firet announced, pla » posted up containing the fol- lowing short a eapolitavs, awake from your torpor, and follow ple of your brave brethren im Sicily; imitate them, and let it not be said that they are heights of Vaienza, on the Po, in order to defend se'f against a probable attack of the Austrian troo, and to keep the government of Milan on the qué vive, for fear of an invasion by the Pleamontese troops. A letter from Romo of the l! 3 General Ga- | seat in the senate, | tion of the Catholics of that couutry. quires a temporary residence in a olf Iated to that of which she Abd-el-Kader, after betng confined for 1 days in the Iszaretto at Toulon, has been transferrad to a wretched prison at Fort Lemalgue, where he is treated | with great rigor, in consequencs of his refusal to write a lotter to the King, thanking his majesty forthe horpi- | table reception ho had received (in the Irzsretto,) nounoing the convention with General Lamoriciere and ths Duke d’Aumale, expressing his ardent desire to live and die in France, and, above all, begging the permission of the King to be allowed to visit Paris, in order that he may make bis si unfortunate Emir bas written jetiers @’Auraale, General Lamoriciere, and gon complaining loudly of the manner in which he bas been treated, and demandi capitulation. It bas determined, however, that oe meibes apt is 70,00 made induce bien attempt is 0 | alowed to do so. , of the 16th, says" We the ‘complaint of the rigor with which | RO, to request that he may be a i sear | ordered letter, thet the present state of the Lombardo-Venetian ‘the fuldiment of his treaty of | country. lating to the orgarization of tise Council of Ministers. The two French bishops lately nominated the King oo "aolasona —-M iM he Bonne- to the sees of Carcasonne and chose and Garsignies. day in a sitting of th was approved of. Mgr. Vi: siastioal Affairs Extraordicary, has dignity of Cardinal.” ‘A letter from Rome, of the 16th of Jannary, says— “The question as to the obligation om the part of eigarrs to serve in the Civic Guard in Rome having been raired by several British sabjects, both artisteand trades- men, it was referred to the British Consular Agent, 3 such liability. Mr. Freeborn suomitted the matter to the considers tion of the Roman authorities, and request- ed that, under aay circumstances, compulsory measures might be euspended until instruccions could be obtained from Hor Britannic Majesty’s Government, The Car- dinal Secretary of State, in a most courteous manner, acceded to this request, and no person hae since been called upon to serve. The expected instructions on the subject have just been received from |, Com- veying the opinion of ber Britannic Mejesty’s Govern- ment, which in substance we are informed is:—Thet no persons permanently residing in Roman States, and exer- cising @ profession or a trade, oan claim to be exempt from assisting in the defence of the State in which they have established themselves, nor consequently can be exempt from serving im the Civic Guard In the mean- while, it is but fair to state that, at a meeting of the Bri- tieh artists, it was resolved to contribute by = aid to the institution in question, which resolution has been partially carried into effect on a most liberal scale. “The evacuation of Ferrara would seem to beany- thing but bond fide, if it is correctly stated in the Con- tamporaneo, that in spite of a protestation of the Cardi- nal Legate, the Austrians continue in mill occups- tion of the Plurrale of 3. Benedetto, which they are sbout to roof over. The situation of the town is bed as ‘extremely critical.’ Spain. On the 2st, £30.000 ateriing, in five-frano pieces, left Bayonne for the Madrid Bank of St. Fernando. The day before the Infante Don Enrique, cousin to the Queen of Spain, took his departure for Toulouse, from uae where he has been residing for the last three months, / ‘The Queen’s health has improved so far that her Majenty ‘has been out bunting in one o. the royal forests. Espartero arrived in triumph at Madrid on the 7tb.— Immediately on his arrival he sewt an sid-de-oamp to Narvaes to demand st what hour he could have the bo- nor of paying his ts to the Queen” Narvaes re- plied that she would receive him in the eveniar, Ee,ar- tero repaired to the palace at the by rye ome os and Jong and ‘fostiag: On the loth, Espactero 6008 ar jong and affecting. On the 10th, The first meeting between tero and Narvaes took place on this occasion. shook hands, and remained in conversation some. nutes, ‘A committee of seven, five of whom are the intimate friends of Salamanca, have been appointed to report on the further proceedings to be adopted in his case. The appointment of so many of his partisans is atteibuted to the influence of ihe Queen, and an intrigue of the Pro- greesistas, itis not expected any thing will arise cut of the commission A letter from Gibraltar gives an-ecoount of the oceu- pation of the Chaffarine Isiands by the Spanish foree under the command of General Serrano. Switzerland, An envoy from Rome has arrived in Berne, charged by the Pope to use his efforts for the religious le ip e Yronch prelate, and of « conciliating mind. ‘The Grand Council of Vaisis have, by a majority of 16 to 34, added the property, real and personal, of the Bieh2p of Sion, and the chapter, &o, of the cathedral, as well a8 that of the seminary, convents, and religious cor- porations, to the domains of the State. After providing snitable remuneration to the late holders, the eurplus ‘will be applied in reduction of the national debt. The monks of St. Beroard, havin; vetuned $e eee. the amount of the fine inflicted on them, (10,000 ) have abandoned the monastery, which has been taken poscession of by the soldiers of the Germany. It appears that Prince Me:ternich had consented to the alterations ested by M. Gulsot in the collestive note to the Swiss Diet: but that the intention of deliv- ering this document in the joint names of the represen- tatives of the three powers has been aban ‘Serious disturbances bave taken place at Hanaw, in the Eleotorate of Hesse Cassel, the cltiners of that place refuring to take the oath of allegiacos with those re- strictions, which his Royal Highness the Eleotor has thought proper to propose. Austria, Our accounts feom Vieons mention that creat prepe- rations for retc forcing the army had 0 CO} . jp to the 12th inst , tho purchase of cavalry horses bad amounted to no less 1,500,000 florins. A great quantity of cannon for italy has been ‘The Emperor bad announced, ia an ent kingdom may be considered as rerolutios and — the superior suchorities the x 9 0 to take the meosseary my re. stablishment of tho travquillity end seotrity of the