The New York Herald Newspaper, February 4, 1848, Page 1

Whole No 5000, ’ COMMERCIAL MOVEMENTS IN AUROPEH AND AMBRICA. OPINIONS OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. Comments of the London Press, THK GREAT MONE ED POWERS. Opinions on Secretary Walker's Famous Report. [From ths London Standard, Jan 5, 1848 | “'wo or three years ago Mr. Charlies Buller, an able membyr of the party now in power and one of its prinel- pal official representatives, justly denounced ‘ power”? as the real suthor of all the ties by which the country has sui Mr, Sailer's speech, 001 ing this oneotths most.eloquent in our gotten, though, as it is on ite beatae - Mr. en's warning prevailing: sing a trite, gible ; of a power Ww faw aoe, lenaeencions lated ; an ‘organised, un! character, invested with all the attribu' 8 most oppressive tyranny. It would not name the rant, for the names of known to all Eunops, and as we see as well known in the w world, We allude to xistence of the power, = for me of Sees Stet ja in order to put the people on their guard sgainst yren- aioslaree, Freemen we are not, if we live at the meroy of masters who, for their own profit, may deprive us of the means of our bread, in order to enrich themselves by the way, though giving absolutely and for ever our means of subsistence tg strangers. we are not, if welive subject to those who most wish for, and even they make @ double profit upon them, ives by mak- ing the pressure of famine more severe, and en- riching themselves by rendering to us more expensive all the remedies for famine, and all the consequences of these remedies. Such is, the nature and the disposition of the tyranny wun which we live—aty- ranny which, after having made us too for war, would, nevertheless, in’ ‘us in war to-morrow. If by doing so it could make one quarter per cent profit upom what it calls its operations. The members of the money pe i eae sousieyi ter. a Frenchmen, Englishmen, Germans, Italians, ards, or Ameri- 2B Sy ane Semone ey are none , they are Jews,’ 5? care Lord anon iam aureyd toi for itself: but fop the commonwealth ;” and such an ant is the meas of. the “money power,” to Mr. es Buller. "Phe United States, of the matchless prosperity Pies bg ae, ve penet in our bag ony upon the repor Secretary “Treasury, bave hitherto because hitherto have escaped Retna 0 rofite realised is country :— % “T wish fs the roe trade they would be satisfied that this this, the mercentile body were Eibteasia te oeeSent ran egret rane cir tune, Ww) money bills being diseounted at 3 per cent por month, that heavy losses have resulted, but which the injured ing to a the SroBts of the British trade last year have been 60 great to America—| to America they have nat ber alf 80 as to “the money power” of Eu- rope. many of ve adventured beyond thelr ability, but the of thove who run the risk ofa Sane ee the pros- peet they hcld out to disasters in en old established com- merce, and the New York speculators will easil; themseiver; they are sure to do they y te ve test copy of the He the moat pei fect exposition of th —_ thas py sten—an ¢ _ eas coming from o witness up to sent time un- biased by interest. Theediter of the ‘New York Herald tells the etozy of the money power plainly, and as he tells it with no r purpose theo to wara his fellow citizens against submitting to it, bis account is subject to ne suspicion of exaggeration. We for our part should not scruple to endorse every line that he has written. The article to which we refer will be found im our third page. [From the New York Herald, Deo. 10, 1847 | Axornen GR Movement iv SrecuLation.—Ao- cording to th accounts from Europe, there asems to be every reason to believe that a new and fresh speou- ps movem»nt, ‘s the general ststhe of ——- avd consumption, has been devised great capital. ints of London and elsewhere, and that the whole com- mereial world, both in Europeand Ametica, will be cor lees under the influence of their ita, di next six, nine, or twelve months. T' British government and the Bank of Kugland,and thesud- don effect which ths inflaence of the Benk has produced on the money market, form one of those periods of quiet and calm whieh generally closes » time of 6: withas much certainty as it precedes another end 8 new excitement. The monetary crisis in London, and throughout England, seems to have stopped in mid oa- reer by the influence of the London bankers and go vernment, and the Bank of England; yet this influence was merely a matter of imagination, wi it any parti- cular action of any bind. The bank was authorised to make fresh isi ‘of its pa jontrary to its charter, in order to sustain the credit ofthe country; but affairs gradually improved, even without the spplication of the physio." We are, therefore, in the midst of that lull, or calm, which follows after, or precedes those movements oreated by the grest capitalists and specolators, for the purpose of filing their own pookets and cheating the weet of the world Let ms explain. . The Rothechilds, the Barings, and other extonstve houses and bankers in London, ‘control the commercial world, through the action of the wt England, the foreign exchanges, the bullion market of the world, and all by their vest capitals and power over the various governments; and b; their combined movements on the maney marke! iginated in Londen, and carried into cir agents throughout the world, they raise of the great articles of ae out or tebaceo, alas coin. They vary those movements backwards and forwards, upw: and downwards, juct to nuit theie purpeses, amd to make money out cf their operations. When Voltaire lived in bis famous chateau, wear Geneva, he wrote to s friend that he could speou- late in the French funds, and make money on them, just as eary on the shores of the Lake of Geneva as on the Bonrse of Paris, He explal: he had @ frfend in the Henk of Feanoe, who gave him intelligence when the: were contracting or expanding the poper system, and, according ns they were doing one or the other, Voitaire eald he bought of sold stocks, avd alt a few montos, he cleared a profit; on y or the othe: These prifeiples and movements, in controlling the money market, through the agency of the paper money ystem, have been extended in the present day by the «reat bankers in London, to embrace all the great arti- cles of commerce, end not stocks alone. Even fami nnd pestilence, and the miseries of the human race, meraiy looked upon as elements in these monetary cal- culatiogs, by the great fluancters and bankers in Lon- cog wad Paris, who are also great gentlemen; but who, inobher ages of the world. would have been looked upon os great rooundrels and great cheats, and would, accor- diggly, have been hung by the neck till dead - Ent us give a few facts on the subject. In the year 1845 the potato rot began to oreate its ravages in Ire- land and other portions of Europe. It wae, however, oa! artial io that year. Darin; syst of that sum- am he British government, under Sir Robert Peel's administration, sent directions to its agents in Ireland, to collect al the information possible relative to the ohdrtness of the potato crop. This information was col- lected privately. and was seoretely transmitted to Lon- dom, At the proper time, the deficiency was ascertained, and this important fact was communicated confiden- tivlly to the house of Barings iu London, who enjoyed the confidence of Sir Robert Peel. In the fall of 1845, possessed of the Knowledge of the exact shortness of the crop, and that there ‘would be great demand for bread- stuffs, the Barings despatched their egents to this coun- try secretly; t.ey purchased large quantities of pro- a —. low prices ; and the very vessels that transport. ed gach produce to Ireland aud England had reached their ports of destination just after the fact of theascarcity wo in Ei and, oF te the commercial world of 8 noon ae it began tated it o— slensy in the 0 kinds Dbreadstuffs of into the market, rations, ‘This waa tho first movement of the London capitalists bag a aaa hod = Via, in 1846, and in ¢ middle ot the summer b evtertained whether the same ‘inecee alteoted the potato lseoratly collected the same information leel had done the year previously, relative to the crop im ireland and parte of Gr conpmuniented the seme informetion £0 those connected with NEW YORK, FRIDAY 1848. and tranemitted orders and to all their ents in America andjthe east of Europe, for the pur- of grain. Mapy of the speculators and tottering to help themsel tered into the oame ._ We all remember the extraordinary foreseen a att eialt oa by thore vemente growing jure of ‘crop in eens and Belgium, and even in Frenee avd other It was aleo well known in Paris that the French govern. ment became the confidential adviser of the branch of the house of Rothschild in Paris, in the same way as Sir Robert Peel and the British goverament hag of he Ba- rings in London and their . keep down the of the season, the Mi underrated and falsified the condition of the crops in the purpose of giving facility and room forthe ide and their agents to make their vast speculs- tions, From the character of the French mi- nisters, itis probable were connected them: selves with the movements, and those very grain specu- lations, pring and @ favorable moment id others to throw vast he market, and get rid of it at meselves, and leaving in the secret. But illions was asked for feed the Irish people ; and the Rothsohilds; most of the money of this the coffers of those men who to make money by the difference in the foreign exchanges, and by mens gtag the imports of bullion into England, in the same way aud on the same principle that they had managed the imports of moe Sr ectleses many — past, if we may use same express similar id: the prices of gold and sliver have been rising throughout the somurer- cial world, as consequent reaction to the fall in other articles of merchandise. The e fat enough their own per- and adherents— they thought it time to the sy of the Bank of ‘the government, and of some other ers. the lest accounts from that quarter. The palatio: every “ .— time, tho wi ige Amy ware Rot ids are their principal finan \visers — Rotbachild himself Turkhed the fands requisite for the London election, estimated at £25,000, which re- sulted in the election of Lord John Russell sad himself. probable that the prices of sel bis, chien a oo year; certain. The varied inhtences ‘which osuss @ rise in these articles, alao create a comperative rise in cotton and similar articles ; it is dangerous to trust to the spe- oulative interests in London which control the commer- Sint paorenaranaers seat 1o a to. way ie an to care we donot dip too deep, nor follow too sre in — wake of the En; ge: ce Ad agent ondon, wi e poli those popular revolution of racter than the French revolution in the lust century. on ge Tye of E are oe together wi e great talists of Eur ondov, Paris, Vienna, Berlin, Na} tonetery priaoipes a 3 agents = in every rm + ing Frankfort, the very city in Germany from w! whole race of Rothwebilds originated The Rothschild of Frankfort is the oldest; but the most influential are thore of London and Paris. They all profess to be Hebrews—strict Jews; but care as much for their religion as they indoetan. Their ambi- tion is of = different character. They consider the: selves the financial governors of all Europe, andof the commercial world, and live in a style that can only equalled by royalty, aud not low-priced or old clo’ roy- aly, at ‘The construction of railroads in Europe, the establishment of steam lines, the wonder‘ul power of locomotion, that of the electric telegraph, will gir to them and other vast capitalists © power over the com merce ef Europe that will be still more remarkable than anything we have yet seen. Yet the foundation of all their financial wealth is baseless and rotten. France, England, and all the other governments of Europe, are covered with debt; their population is increasing, and Faia tor te Gatton cote 8 an the mon: int the whole financial and commercial fabrics will be an utter It will be @ French revolution on en extensive Lyon ead Mg ay by ® commercial and ial revulsion greater than any we have ever seen. 1g principles of action among the capitalists of London, Paris, and the rest of Europe, are precisely of the same character and the same ees which led ta the old Fremoh revolution, and they will lead to ® similar state of things, one of these days, throughout European civilized world In the meantime, it will be wise for America to sell her 9 haan present prices, for cash, us fast as they 0 it, . (Wrom the Standard, Jan. 4th, 1843,] Our observations on the mars of official matter receiv. ed from the United States by the last mail, were confined to the remarkable tone of President's Mesrage, re- garding the proceedings of the American Government in reference to other nat and the laws of nations. We did not enter into the statements regarding the vast increase of the power, revenur, reso commeroe, and agriculture of the United States, as disclosed in that and portant report of 7, isa great fret trador, in ike free trade of th is bo woes = va 8 OF hatever upon the Notions ef the when introduced into their roapeotive countries, the United States should heve the fall right and the liberty of laying on such duties upon the actions of every other country, whon introduced CI into these States, to th power of thele Popalatiog, raise e¢ nivel, revenue af porti onnested and produotions of the United are of | and decisive conseq the praise and exuitation which the upon them. But they do not, out either his opinions of the universal adv free trade in the world, and still leas the qT Tut prophecies of the free echool on this side of Atlantio regarding that s)stem. important and vital points, in our humbie the reverse. To dissect tia come taken from there official A' SRR Saran ass BH £2 a] forbid us toenter. He prophecies the most exter prosperity, and power, and greatness to his country And in this, should the States coutinue as one power, he can scarcely prophecy weneee be too sanguine. American has just cause to bo proud of his country, ad as good citizens, every one in it must always look for- ward with feelings of pride to her glory avd prosperity They perceive the course to secure this—msmely, to take osre of themselves before any others—s courte which we once followed and proscered, but which we have unfortunately Intely abandoned, and for which national error and crime we are paying, and must psy, the fearful peoalty. Mr Walke: if us that the value of the of these States war, in 1846, fu!ly 3,004.000 5 (£625,000 0009 and during last year it hes certainly been increased more than 15 per cent, thus bringtog the productions of the United States to, equal, hed ly, the produotions of the United Kingdom; and he shows bow utterly insiguificant their whole foreign trade is, when compared to this, and their internal trade and ‘ a ae alsoy tells bape ao i lieve, truly, that the present export. of spooie from the United States to this country, is not to pay balances due by these States, but to purchase what is wanted; bo- cause no bill drawn on England now be relied oo or considered safe, He extols ee eG tem estabiivhed lately in America, which, he sey¢, tended to make this country go rich oud to powerfal, apd which, he states, will have the same effoot as regards the Uaited and he judés: by predicting thet. under it ity of the country, New York 1) become the commercial 1 poriam, not the United States, but ef the World “The hing, when p bill upoo New remium than a bill upon eny tribute of millions of dollars, productions 000 dollars, York will bef is er other city,and when t! us to other nations upon exchange, shall be paid them to us, and flow into our great commeroial eiu- by lum? Great Britain and her free-trade advisors ste pursuing the certain course to accomplish the object Mr. Walker points out. — oe Opinions in England on the next Pcesldential Auiection. [From the London Times, Jan. 8 } The political conditiou of the United States is at this time so extraordinary, the perturbation caused by the consequences of the anuexation of ‘I'exas so prodigious, the extent and duration of this Mexican war so incalou- lable, and, at the same time, the balance of partiesin the political assemblies of the Union so equal, that we cannot direct the attention of our readers to @ more cu- rious, perplexing and instructive spectacle. The time is probably for ever past, when certain political philoso- phers of a highly imaginative school, were wont to point to the republican and democratic institutions of Amori- ca, as the great standard of modern goverment to which all nations were thought to be approximating. Th¢ an- cient States of Europe could ill adopt the peculiarities ot &@ new community, placed in the most favorable ciroum: stances the world has ever witnessed for such an experi- ment; the causes which promised it susccss were eszen- tl Americap; those which have since opened the fe ns box of war, Ca let ot a the evils of guid ion, military aggression, financial extravagance, an tional arrogance on the country and its neighbors, are, alas! common to all mankind. ‘hese aberrations of the United States are, th re, even more in- the once healthy lepement of thei institutions; and to reduce the matter from one of 6 culation to practical necessity, it may bs added th other nations will find they have sooner or later to des) in America with all those political exoesses whioh the predenes and good faith of the older powers have happi- ly banished for the last Shieky yaave from Europe. It would not ba casy to flad another instance in modem history of a war resting on so slender and uncer- tain a cause, that cven the principal authorities of the country by which it is carried on, are directly at vari- ance as to the fact relied on to justify it; and at the same time of 60 vast, indefinite, and devouring charac- ter, that even the men who began it, andare carrying it on, do not attempt to assign any limits to its duration or its objects. Yeu this apen tumor, thrown out by the luxurisnce and riot ot a young and daring people, already diveris from their proper functions the resources of the state, and threatens, eventusily, to impair its principal organs. As might supposed in a feve coun- ey, these resuita of Mr. Polk’s deliberate policy have o forth the most energetic attacks of the opposition ; anda violent contest bes begun on the subject of the Mexican war between the whigs,led by the most eminent statesmen and orators of the Union, and the ¢emoorats, confident in the porseseion of power and the propansltles of anexcited populace. Mr. Webster, Mr. Clay, and still more recently Mr. Albert Gallatin, have, in epseches and pamphlieta of more than transatlantic prolixity and vehemence, assailed the whole policy cf the war, aud de- nounced the manifest resolation of the President to par- sue it toextremities. We should despair of conveyii to the En public a correct notion of the tomer ani language in which there discussions are carried on in the United States; not, indeed, by the eminent men we have just named, but by the writers whom, for want of a bet- ter 6 ust oall our own contemporaries. But the em Ireland, Deo. Conx, ( . 30, 1847. Notes from Abroad, by John’ HL Sherbaree, atithor of © The Tourist's Guide in Europe,» $c. In coming from Dublin, I took the railway into Tip- perary county, so noted for the murders, housebreaking ‘and continued robberies, and stood upon the apot where a murder was committed the dey before my ‘arrival. The whole county is in a state of olution, and the adjacent counties are Jola in the unholy league ageinst the wealth; “ ‘holders, many of whom have offered igh premiums to have their lives insured, rather than leave splendid residences to the meroy of the playin’ incendiary. I ‘was informed by Judge P. of the Insolvent Court, with whom I passed an evening, that it was not altogether the failure of the potato crop that caused the it the turnip crop wae Yer prevailing distress, for that very t, #0 much so, that the article was then Ug be low price of twelve shillings a ton, and food, xed with corn meal, was more cheap and nutritive than the boited pototo ; and from whet I saw in ed oom’ through the country of the turni; Sf the truth of the remark from J t ‘ing ever to ba salled upon to meet ’ As noves fell due, they were renewed from timp at au exorbitant and ruinons interest, and this state of things continaed until the failure of the potato crop ; the Sy on the notes, who were mere tenants ‘at will, had no means wherewith to psy, and then suits Sgeinet the Kooy lagrenpeirr save their ersonal pro} from the sheriff, would part of hele property a of the bond ‘uutll a should be housed of their property to have a renewal of srmarket” Again the rope iated, nd ‘mar e ny sweep ‘by the sheriff commenced this fall The debtors, to save mselves, disposed of all their live stock and other moveables, and theic rents falling due at the same time, and not having the means to meet them, the land- holders commenced to oust them from their miserable abodes, and hence the poapmr — ‘as at this mo- mout exists. The Judge stated, ho had released, the day previous.one hundred and sixty by Somer ia. yent ect out of three hundred who had made tion, and each debtor owed some ten to ersons, Who wero unable to lose the amount ; and they, in turn, to save themselves, would soon apply on the very same account, and thus go on; and as a resource, take to the highway, with a determination and rashness to make the property holder su them. In some counties there is an average of ten able-bodied men to tha sere of ground, so populous have’ bain cha pgm ne £10 in oash tn the whole county among: |. Therefore,if tiraes were good,not more than three of thesemen could employed to advantege onan acre, This is the wretohed state in which half Ireland is now plunged, which causes dismay throughout the island; for men to a ry see their wives and children a! when the rich land- holders’ granaries are full,and their numerous flocks and herds in the field, within sight of thelr mud cabin, they bi fen but war to the k1 when in such a desperate situation. , All kinds of provisions and breadstaffs are plenty in the market, afd not much in demand at present. The merchants are continuing to receive large consignments of Indian coro, wheat, &o., from the Danube and Black Ses, at a less- price thau from the United States; but sales are quite dull, and the merchants in Cork at this time are doing next to nothing in the provision and gorn line, and money scarce; but constant arrival of spe- cie from the United States causes much eee ee tion, and confidence remains unsbaken while the pre- cious metal flows into the country from the land of Ca- naan. : ‘The Earl of Mountcashel arrived here last Monday from London with his ay ped at the Imperial wt on wi was extremely eee ia eens Cys, formation ss regards Ireland, I gave him relative to the United States. The Earl has no difficulty with his tensnte, nor will he allow his over- seer to oppress them at this time. Hi dence is called Mone Park, sixteen is in sight trom the main road. tetatarcereta re sing iging eyes, people,” sontianed Bis lordahip, Yih © tlle and hed Ne continue x smile, and then aaked if I thought the Union woald last, as we continued to advance south. I replied that 80 telegraph, end steam added to the chain without causing # break, and the ad- dition probably would continue until the chain embraced the whcle American continent. ‘While at Dublin, | made to the cemetery where the rematns of O’Connrll lie entombed in state. fe coffins, and his face ble throughs gisss made for * died the influence of the Scomseh eealy ‘aad with bim the rent money took te i wings the curses of thousands of poor, destitute women, who i following eptcimens will speak for themeclyes. Nationat Intelligencer, a leading whig paper. printed in Washington, addresses to Mr. Polk the following curious “Why, the very sat of the co ‘4, im other most’ brutal of msnkind, the bully of the bailiwiok, who chewed up an ear or a nose, or so0oped out with thumb a prostrate advereary’s ey’, was humane, was generour, in comparison with this ; for he, when he fought, never fought the weak, but rather bis match ; nor, when bis rival champion lay gasping ‘and helplers under him, game to the last, and ready to die sooner than utter the craven word ‘enough,’ would he have ever thought of proceeding to mutilate the vanquishe: way of forcing him to confess himeelt conqured, end them, moreover, have helped himself to whatever he could find in the maimed man’s pockets. No, even in his hardened heart there would be a manly pity, because there was courage; it he did not at once rais»s up his enemy with respeot, he, at least, would not begin ‘to strike at his vital parts ;’ and well for him, too, that he would not, for the very crowd of a court green, coarse as it thon was, was yot undebauched of every right senti- ment oy party politics, and would not have suffered-in the ly whet it now endures in the President. So much for the mercies and compuuotions of him who proecem, for the lucre of five miserable millisns of in- jemuities, which he himself acknowledges Mexico cculd not raise the means of paying, to butcher or enslave o whole empire of republics ” ‘ * . * . To these assertions, the principal organ of the Ameri- can cabinet replies in the same heroic vein. “Aad does the Intelligencer think to rally a party in this‘country upon a platform of sentiment and opinion euch ag is put fo-th in this atrocious paragraph! We tell them, ii soberness, that they will just as soon rsuade the people to sustain a party rallying iu de- fence of the treason of Benedict Arnold! This Ameri- oan people—proud ard patriotic as they are—will crush and grind to powder, as bét.ween the upper and the ne- ther millstones, the political life of any party leader who shall ask them to con: Be Bp vou at this just Mexican war—their war, which they have volunteered to fight, whic they have fougbt so gloriously, and which they are resolved to fight out till its great ends of and justice are obtsinod—is only the demoniac work of savage bullies and gougers and pickpockets, whom they hi et in high places in the executive ca- binet, and in the halls of Vongri o govern them, and under whose lead they have elected to go forth to Buena Vista, and Churubusco, and the National Palace of Mexico” * . . . * From these accounts it may be inferred (hat the Ame- rioan etatesmsn most eminent for an enlightened sense of the duties and interests of their country, and for an adherence to the priaciples of the Americaa con- stitution, are herein pitted against the Executive Go- vernment, the impetuosity of the democrats, and the cold audacity of Mr. Polk. Wo are told, indee!, that in Congress parties ara so evenly balanced, that the deel- ston of the nation etill trembles on the beam, and we be- Neve that more than a bare msjority of reflecting Ame- ricans are adrerse to the continuance of this war. But at some such equality does prevail, it is but f the moderate party. To impulses and rash conclu- sions, especially when themomentum of tho Executive power is driving the car along the same deolivity, much more is required than a mere equality of votes. “Ihe ex- cltement of military cuccers ond the intemperanoe of @ national triampb, more then ® maton for the straints of prudence, right and rearo: Nor has there been a people ia the worl prone to this species of tel siuous agitation as the Ameri , Bince the de- mos of Athens fluctuated in the agora What poole it, then, to speak of peace? These protestations only ren- der the enormity of the wer more evident to mankind ; its consequences they will never avert. ‘We go further, and we venture to assert that even if a decided majority of Congrees were to condemn this war, and recommend the conclusion of peace on any terms, they have not the meansof carrying such aresolution into effect. Forit isevident that the scle effectual means of ter- is toremovefrom power the man who it, and who now persists init, That would be the inevit fate of a minirter in any constitutioaal country, with an adverse majority on such # question. But Mr. Polk's term of cfiioe cannot be abrivged; he holds the whols engine of state in his graap until March, 1849; and tocompel bim, he servant of the State, to negotiate @ peace on terms to which he has expressed his decided pereonal opposition, would be a ridiculous undertaking. Hence the reai solution of the difficulty lies in the next Presidential election, and for that pitched battie both whigsand demecrats are preparing all their powers. itis that the grent democratic convention will assemble at Cincinnati in the course of the summer for the nomination of the popular candidate, whigs will once more muster their and probebly in New York. We self by no means relinquished all hop - tion; but the most conspicuous candidates wil doubt- Jess be taken from the staff cf the Mexican army. It happens, ourlously enough, that tho leading military cers who have figured in this campaign are them- selves whigs; and we have frequently had occasion to applaud the mogeration of their conduct, as contrasted with the extravagant violence of the Cabinet of Wael ison f ap old soldier like Ge: I Soott, per- y acquainted with tho real nature of the war and the real value of these territorial acquiritions, would be able than any other man to restore the blestings of peace to the country he has jast conquered, and to bring back the policy of the United States within the nda of peace and reaton. That is the most pro- ising ot in which we can now view the quer tions whioh agitate the American poopie. By some Means or other the passions Mr. Polk has excited for big own purposes must be quelled, ot they wiilembroti tbenation in ceaseless wars; ond in the present state of men’s minds the government of a cool-headed ecldier is Rast Ty eo rhs returned with fourfold in- is the izeh, here many ag 80 an were ‘the order of the ra of not, in this instance, fallen on the son in regard to influence ees iguorant. Cork is now: more a city of commerce and business than Dublin. _The forks of the river Ise, running through tho city, and its wide quays, crowded with the arrival of stesmera and foreign shipping, make the beautiful city have the appearance of much bustie and business; and the beggars are not one-third so numer- ous as they are at Dublin. The cove of Cork is not sur- parsed in 2.urope for ite magnitude aud comvenience for shipping, in which all the navies of the werid, | should supporé, could be safely anchored, and room to spare. rhe emigration from here the coming spring to the Unitea States, will bs immense; all whe intend going York, for by their friends; therefore spring aod summer for an inun Isle. [ enclose you a few columns taken from the Cork Constitution of yesterday, proving in a measure my state- jority are females, who heve been th a may look outin the yn trom the Emerald ment of the cause of the ot now sweeping this island—insolveney and the worst of means to meet engagements, &o. among the farmers and tenants. Tem- perance, notwithstanding the pressure and starvation, continues to advance steadily on its undevisting course, ‘he day after my arrival at Cork, I had mor of acsll from Father Mathow, the great apostle of tempe- rance, and walked with him to bis residence, where I passed ar irgere heue ; be showed me his books of re- gistry of the names of those who had received the pledge, which amounts to fire millions seven hundred snd Sve thousand three hundred and ninety-four, to Christmas day, and many were waitivg to add their names. The lower room of bis house is overfiowin, fiom day to day,and many round the doors da; night to admittance or their turn. The reverend tather informed me ho should lesve Ireland for the United States carly in the spring. in the packet ship ‘Ucean, (New World?) Captain Knight, and land at New York; ssys he counts each day as it passes, which will take him to the land of liberty, the Jand of milk and honey, where in person he can thank the for their great charitable donations to Ireland. invited me to-dinner the following dey, where I met the Lord Mayor and corporation of the city of Cork, with » fow of the clergy, and had ® most sumptuous dinner, and drank America and Ireland ins bumper of pure ing water. Father Mathew is forty-five yours of ogo, din figure and face the most splendid specimen of a work I ever bsheld; well may he be termed one of nature’s noblemen ; he is a gentleman of the old school, fall of ancodote, and is, it seems, adored by all clesses ; his charity has no bounds and | am confident he will be received in America as her guest, while he sojourns in that land of promise, not for his religion, but for the great cause in which he is engaged for the good of a whole people, and in doing so expended s small fortune. ‘Translation of a Royal Order, Outarsen ay tae Rian Hox, Lonp Cowsty, FROM THE Suntiste Pore, (8 FAVOR OF THE BULTAN’S Paotest- ant Sugsrers, “To His Excellency the Pasha, the Superintendent of the City Tawes: “ Whereas, the Christian subjects of the Ottoman y Government, Protes'antism, have experienced difficulty and. embi sment, from not being hitherto under a separate inl jurisdiction, and from the patriaroh amd, the sects which they ha naturally not being able to guperintend their affairs, end ‘ Whoreas, it is in contravention to the supreme will of His Imperial Majesty, our Gracious Lord and Banefac- tor, (may God increase him in years and power!) ani- mated a8 he is with feelt deep interest and ole- mency towards all classes of his es i any of ) in them should be subjected to grievance; “ Whereas, the aforesaid ( ts) in conformity with Mes Profesaed by them, do form a separate community, “It is His Supreme Mejesty’s will awd command, that for the sole ot fosniatin their affairs, and of securiog the of the said tants, the admin- istration thereof should be henceforward confided to yout Exeelle together with the allotment of the axes to which are subjected by law; that you do keep a separate register of their births and deaths in the Department of the Comptrol, according to the sys- by observes, tia Ri thas lo issue paseporta: person of establish: choeen by them to a, ras their a the transaction settlement of their current affairs, be duly appotnted for that purpose. “Suoh ave the imperial commands, which you are to obey to the letter; al ts and the allotment of taxes tions “ But are placed under ; will be itted in their temporal or spit’ on of the patriarch, monks or priests of other seots, that they be enabled to exer- cise the profession of their croed in security; and that they be not molested one tote, either in that respect or in any other way whatever.” ~__ RESCHID, (Grand Viste Canapian Waraions.—We understand that among the heroes of the Mexican war, may be enumerated two from ;,the one fell on of battle, the other was fuaty gr antve have ne = sire wry, 7, General Scott and the Administration. The following extract from a Washington let- ter, published in an evening paper of yesterday, probably contains about as correct a view of the difficulties in the army,lasany that have yet been published: — Seriously, is disposed to award to General Soott all tke Pe! § for military ability, which his opera- tions before Mexico so eminently entitle ; but, in common with other mortals, the and infirmities, and much as he hie high professional qualities, he should not, avy more then othere, expect immunity from his faults. Severo and public sore 5 senetel cote. ok an oa es an especially of an officer rank, is se! tntloted, except oder P) a “Ee monet martial, or Roses rad 2 quence! notorious an wall known ‘adsatt of dispul servi ities het eine pea tetra wi ‘opinion of any court on the subject, he, in he most ee ‘neuer pagal msi to punish and — suspected gen before bi army, and in the presence of a defeated foe. Punish- ment first, an fterwards, used a8 him. The act for which the general had been punished, ‘was publicly avowed by another; and as hé had veen thus relieved from the offence,it certainly wasnot oxtraordina- ry that he should aleo to be relieved from the cen- sure. This was no more t! even-handed justice; and as the acres ot ersten Legepy boot all ration of this kind, it onanot be deemed improper or disrespectful on thie part of the subordinate and injured general, if he socks redress at the hands of 6 common superior. This ia regels, the situation of affairs between Gen. Scott aud Gen. Worth, at the present time. After Gen. Worth had been harshly reprimanded in genera! orders, and therefore disgraced, Col. Duncan avowed the offence for which the general had been punished, for which avowal Col, Dancan was instantly arrested by Scott. — Subsequently, Worth epplied to Scott for # mitigation of the censure which he had reoelved in general orders ; this was denied. Worth then drew up a narrative ofthe tacts of the case, and appealed to the President for re- dress ; as he wae bound to do, he requested Scott to forward for him, and for doing this Gon. Worth was arrested. It was this arrest from which he was relieved by the President; and it is om these: jons of Worth, together with those transmitted by Gen. Pillow, of a similar im that Scott is now cal before @ cout {oquiry, of which hia friend Gen, Towson is President ; andif {in this he is harsbly or ngeneronsly, treated, | must confess 1 am unable to see it. As to his being re- lieved from his command by Gen. Butler, every one knows that this is a necessary consequence, in- oldent to his being ordered before @ military court. Un- der such circumstances no officer could retain his com- mand; and it devolves upon Gen. Butler, simply be- cause he happens to be the senior officer present—a month by the same rule, it would have devolved up- on "atterson. | have dwelt longer upon these facts than [ id done, I think there isa iY to them, and use them to nané will state the whole case, and state it truly, they ere sulusds to allthey can make bul ot it, : [From the New Orleans Delta, Jan. 26 ] ‘We have been politely favored with a manus oopy of the follor the Se order of War, by of the President. 1t explains itself. ‘The commend of the army in Mexico mye | devolve on Gen. Butler, of Kentucky, he being the offi- oer next in rank to Gen. Soott, whose required at the Court of Inquiry. ‘Wan Deranrmenr, Adj. General’s Office, Ww . Jan. 13, 1848, Generar Onver No 2—The following order, received from the Secretary of War, is published for the informa- tion and guidance of the officers concerned:— Wan Deranraenr, Jan. 13, 1848, By direotion of the President of the United States, Coutt of Inquiry, to consist of Brevet Brig. Gen. N. Towson, Paymaster General; Brig. Gon. Caleb Cushing, and Col. EG. W. Butler, 84 Dragoons, members, will assemble in Mexico to inquire and examine into ti e fad allegations profarred by Ss} Gen. Win . Gen. Gideon J. Pillow, and Brevet Ceptain of the 34 Regiment ters of complaint or by Brevet Maj. Gen. W. J. th ment of Infant against nee ‘also, into con matters well as such other The court will convene on the 18th day of February next, or as soon thereafter as practicable, in the Castle of Perote, in Mexico, where it will continue to hold its sittings, unless the exigencies of the public service may require the place to be changed, in whieh case the court is authorized to adjourn from place to place, as circum- atanoes may render necessary, in order that no embar- rasament to the service may be occasioned by its ses- ions. Should anyofthe members named in the order be prevented from attending, the ceurt will proceed to, and continue the business before it, jomineed the number of members present be within the tation prescribed by law. let Lieut. Richard P Hammond, 3d Artillery, is ap- or to act as Judge Advooat» and Recorder of the co In case the Judge Advocate aud Recorder should be from ) oF unable to discharge the to appoint some other upon the jualor if War. jen. West Pornt Acapemy.—The catalogue of the graduates from the West Point Academy shows the following claasifications, which have been made by one curious in euch matters:— The graduates are not uped together into clas lege triennials; there 1s no enume: ‘as is usual in our ation, nor index—not even # distinot list of the present — faculty of instruotion--consequently, what | have gath- ered from it has been the resuit of an actual count and laborious anslysis. graduates are apportioned among the different States as follor N. Eng. States—Me. 3: .H. 87; Vt. 63; Mass. 101; R. I. 16; Conn. 4: - 297 Middle Statea—N. Y. 249; N 133; Del. 16, 434 Southern States—M4d. 70; Ve. 121; N.C. 43; 8. C. 46; Geo. 39; Miss. 8; Le. 10; Ale. 12; Florida 4; G f 355 49 ‘Whole No. graduates. ......+ sve 1987 Left the service, 474; declined promo! promoted, 1. ecessed 1812, 7; war, '1; In Mexican war, 41 Remaining in service, Jane, 1847, Wounded in Mexican war, { Of the 479 who left the service, there have de- ooased . .. ». » 66 The mee Ny were volunteers in Mexican war: E. Alsqaith, Adj. Md, Vols.; J. E. Brackett, Capt. Vols.; M. Clatk, Maj. Mo. Vole; H. Clay, Jr., Lt. Col. Ken. Vols.; 8. R. Curtie, Col. Ohio Vols.; Jefferson Da- vie, Col. Miss. Vols; 1. A. Karly, Mej. Va, Vols; C.H. Fry, Maj. Ken. Vols.; 1. F. Hamtrack, Col. Va. Vols.: W. M. irvin, Col. Ohio Vols.; A. 8. Johnetom, Aid L. Vols.; Wim. R.’ MokKee, Col. Ken, Vols; A. M. Mitchell, Col. Ohio Vols 5 H. Marshall, Col. Ken. Vols ; H. M. Naglee, N.Y. Vols; I. B. Randolph, Lt. Col. Va. Vols; Lt. Col. Kem, Vols; G. 8. Rouscoau, Capt. La. Volt.; L. De Rusey,Col La. Vols.; T. T, Worthi ton, Adj Ohio Vols; H. Oakum, Capt. Texas Vol.; W. B, Burnett, Col. N. ¥. Vola. ‘And the fellowing hold or have held public offices, Picteeserahige and veripeastetions io private life :---Uni- ted States stor, 1, Jefferson Davis; Representatives to Congress, 4; Fe Minister, 1, Donelson. vernor, 1; Judges, 6; Clergymen, 12, inch Polk, Tenn.; Lawyers, 51, of these Ivers J. Austin , Bos- ton; Physic, 6; ts of 2; Professors of College 97} Teachers, 14, of these N. Tillinghast, Nor. 8c. Delgo water, Mase.; Presbyterian Missionary to hina, 1, M. 8. Culbertson; Editors, 7; Cashiers, 2; Civil ers, 69; Merchants, 24; Farmers and Planters, 18; Railroad Superintendents, 3; Manufacturers, 4; Arohi- teeta, 3.- -Cor of the Boston Traveller. nding Bishop Senrence yor Manstaventer.—Eben Lea- sires dacs tertoghon, ware sce iat sen a Rio! sal yn, were wee! Dover, New rie , for the murder of Stephen Free- man, in June last, by knocking him in the head, ins quarrel. They were found of ; were sentenced—the father, to days and ten years Pa ay paleey onat eur? other two, to three days and twenty years con- froma ia the State: Prison, The received their sentence with the indifference had manifested the trial. The old js sixty and seventy years of age, and the sons from thirty to forty. They belong to the well known “I.cathers tribe,” which has been settied in Barrington for the last e FRE! which man hundred yeare, and are said to bo the eecendante of 8 Freeman, the victim in thie descen’ it, was whe had thus abandoned the name of his ieigrabecrumenian is eared ‘The War, die. te {20M THE RIO GRANDE, ‘rom the New Orleans Mercury, Jan. The steamship Fanny, Capt. Seott, rived morn ing trom the Brazos, which she left on the 20th. She Lariuen Col Henry. Whition Lie Beautort fo teat, vine, Col. Hen ing, Lieut. Bs Black, Capt. Merrick, M iS , and M: 40 on deok. We have t bat it contains no news of importance. Fort Browm is described as having much improved in appearance and stcongth, in the last two or three months, during which time Lieut. Totten, of the 24 Artillery, who is in com- mand there, has kept the prisoners of his command, and all those of the 10th Regiment, employed at work on it. A line of first olase steamboats to run Fegularly betwean 0 the Brazos and Camargo, been estabiisl arren; it is stated to be arrival at the Brasos, the edi from Vera Cruz to the 3d inst. We refer to it, as giving tome Rsatregt yo to tee iepceis here in reference to the prospects of peace, The Fiag says— 'A octet note from Capt. Morton, Acting quartermaster at Vera C: Mejor Enatiand, Quarter- master ai the date of Jeu, 3d, says.— * Am express ae exe dant evening; ohabeeae of .« ‘ for Wesbington to- morrow. It is 3 térms have een agreed upon. The British vant a to me on the Lat, that's bad to him from Mexico. informing was certain” The following extracts feom letter, which the Flag publial os, reovived | in Mutemoras from a gea- tleman in Vera Cruz, dated the Jd inst :— t. Kerr, of the 2d di ) arrived here last six daye from the city of Mexico. He says Gen’ toid bim hehad nearly concluded a peace with Mexioo, and our troops would all be off from here by the lst of bo Ido not think ro, because, in the first place, mn. Soott is not authorized to make peace, and there is nobody to make peace with just now, that'l know of. Capt. Kerr fell in with Torrejon, on his way down from Mexico; he was escorting some English property aud had s pass from Gen Soott. He said he was done ig the Americans, and would now turn his whole ion to putting down the robbers. The cowardly er dared fight the Americans since Thorn- by him sbove Mateamoras The aloaides’ courts of Vera Cruz, are abolished, and Gen. Twi han Mads new repu'ations with regard to Mexican thieves; they are trie our military court aud whipped in the public «quare. The rascals cry murderand on all the saints, but tl its won’t interfere, and the lash is put ple of this town so honest, that a person ma: coat or his hatin the plaza all night, and find it there in the morning. A diMoult job, I take it. [From the N. 0. Picayune, Deo 26.) gine following tems are tom the Flag of the 12th in- nt :— “By @ gentleman recently from Monterey we are in- formed there train ef signty six pack mules, belo: to De. Wilkinson and a Mexican, following in the rear of & government train, were attacked on the 23d ult. near Cerralyo, by about forty Mexicans. and all the moules driven off Maj. N iile, of the 16th Infantry, commanding the government train, on bein; informed of the attack, helted his ‘command, and ing some half dozen American citizens who volunteered to ao- company him, returned in pursuit of the robbers. fg were soon overtaken, aad after @ slight skirmish, which one Mexican was killed and two others soverely wounded, the pack mules were allreoovered. Theparty of American citizens who assisted Major Norville in the resapture, are named as Messrs. Tanner, Lundy, D. MoDonald, J. McDonald, Miller, and John Tanner, a boy about twelve years of age.’’ A. gentleman recently from Saltillo laine ms ie pele. fal intelligence that Capt. G. K. Lewis, of the Texas cavalry, commanding a company. on ranging service in the neighborhoed of Parras, in a late fight with the Ca- manche Indians, was so severely wounded that his life is despaired of. We sincerely trust that his situation wig Shee wo crinions ae represented by our informant. tye ¢ mass educational meeting’? was held in bs find i eelatnt length ia tie FT chive ae we find re; al ag. the meeting was to be to +f pone oe te tata ae try fast os ble extending country as Niger Mexican citizens took s prominent meeting, ad tocurry out the views of the mosting, aad great good @ mi i pr iy eda yaaa gems commencement of the good work. A theatrical company is now performing in Mata- moras. A Mine of boats---the Laurel, Frankland and Warren--- has been established to ply regularly between ‘the Bra- zos and Camargo. It ‘De s great convenience to shippers. CALIFORNIA. The Washington Union has been favored with the following extract of a letter from Monterey, capital of California, Ooteber 10, 1847:—“ This country continues quiet, pprehend oo more outbreaks here. 1) mars of the people have made up their minds to bi the er issue. Ms the meantime i ap» of a constantly pouring in. These immigran' will settle the destiny of Californi, without regard to any con or treaty stip lons. Were the United States to attempt to put Cx ik into the arms of Mexico, she would not stay put there; she would re- to her present posi , and our fiag would fly aga it no ; is felt bere about diplomatio ) The Americans begin te fool thet they have their destiny in their own hands.” FOR THE SEAT OF WAR. The United States steamship New Orleans, C: Auld, aft New Orleans on the 26th ult.» for Vera Cruz, ¥ lowing passengers ‘ol. Fauntleroy; H. W. Fowler; Col. Bisoos; Capt Connolly; Capt. Barnard, to- pographieal engineer; Maj Nag | ‘and clerks; Mrs. Daniels and child; H. Hiestand; Mrs. Mary Mitchell; Miss C. Mitobell; Sergt Browley and wife; Col. Jackaon, bearer of despatoher: It. Morris; L. M. Davidson; John Shannon; Mrs. E bh Walker; Charles Fagot, «1 berteon; Dr. H.C, Flood; Mrs. 2 ARMY INTELLIGENCE. We learn from the Fort Smith Herald, that Major Sei decane ha chon , aa @ er Fort ny the troops off at that ha 208 fay «,, NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. The U. 8. ship Plymouth went into oommission at the Brooklyn navy yard om Saturday last at 11 A.M, and will sail forthe East Indies vis Rio, when Mr. Davis, our commissioner to Chins, who goes out passenger, ready to ombark. The brig Dolphin, which has just been undergoing extensive repairs, will sail in about tem days for the coast of Africa. The sloop of war Sara- toga has been ordered from the Gulf of Mexico to the Brooklyn navy yard for new standing rigging. She is hourly expected. Ves: at Brooxiyn Navy Yanv,—North Carolina, 74. Frigates—Savannah snd Macedonian. Sloope of war—Plymouth and Vincennes. Brigs: rr Wanhington. Steamers—Falton, Legare and James Potk. jhooner Jacob Faithful U8. sloop Decatur, commander Edmund Byrne, went to ses from Boston on the 2d inst, bound for the coast of Africa The following is « list of her officers: — Commander, Edmund Byrne; lieutenants, Wm H. Ball, E. C. Bowers, N. Collins; purser, J. Geo. Harris; past asistant surgeon, Wm 8. Bishop; acting master, Bever- ly, Randolph; uoting 1 idshipmen, W. Totten, 8. A. Bu- eli, Robert Bryant, W. 8 Lovell, J. D. Rainey, — Weils ; boatawain, Alfred Htngerty; sailmaker, Joseph C. Brad- ford; carpenter, jel Jones; acting gunner, J. M. Bal- lard; commander's clerk, John Curry; purser’s clerk Jos. 'T, Gwaltney; surgeon’s steward, M. L. Tole. Putvapetruta, Feb. 2, 1848. Samuel Cowperthwaite, the lad of eighteen, charged with the killing of Roger Kelly, by shooting him on the 5th of November last, in Southwark, during a fight between two rival gangs of rowdies, was arraigned this morning for the high crime of murder. The young fel- low presents such a youthful and respectable ap- pearance, and his countenance so entirely de- void of any of the evil passions of a murderer, that it seems almost impossible to thiik him guilty of the deed. The absence of a principal | witness in the case, induced the Attorney Gene- ral to postpone the trial until the next term of the court. Bi The trial of Joseph Webb, Julia Ashmore, and Catherine Webb, tor the murder of John Giles, by pushing b im down stairs, at a house in Mary- land street, was commenced this morning. parties are all colored persons, and the case ex- cites very little interest. To-morrow the sale of the Saturday Courier establishment is to take place at the Exchange, and speculation is busy as to what willbe the result. The known intention of McMakin to start a new Courier if defeated in lis purpose of getting the original paper, at a mere tithe of its real value, it is supposed, will deter the associea- tion of gentlemen who were before willing and ready to give $60,000 for it, from pai its urchasers. The surviving partner appears like- y to succeed in his efforts, but it will remain for our courts to decide whether he is not responsi- ble for the loss that will fail upon the widow and the orphan. oli Your agents, the Messrs. Zeiber & Co., have associated with them James B. Chandler, Esq., and extended their business by opening a new store at No. 141 Chesnut street, above Fourth.— The bustle of their other location deters the fair sex from visiting their establishment, but in fu- ture they will'be able to accommodate all sorts of customers. _ _ Whispers of peace, or some other cause, has iven wn uncommon buoyancy to the stock mar- Ber to-day. Government stocks and treasury notes have been sold at par and even above. Mopvesty.—A few days since our at- drawn to a tact aot generally noticed, of the modesty (!) of our neighbors of tes, viz: that no announcement of birth’ their papers. We have tested the sese reference to the journals et ovr command, deo