The New York Herald Newspaper, January 26, 1848, Page 2

‘EW YORK HERALD. Forth-west Coruer of fnitom and Russan ets. JAMES @ORDON BENNETT, PROPKIETOR, ¥ HENALD—Every day, (Sunday incinded Gantt et eat td par enon. the Drste European rubscribers, $14 per annum, including 0 7 Saturdsy—Price 6% fe Evy inthe United States By teamenp, 89 per annum, in clue 2Pe—Every Steam Packet Day ‘Ss per annum, including post- ee Sudscriptions a ad by des: nani, 18 rue oimonds, 18 ‘Cornhill, end John svetta street, London HERALD—Kvery Tuesday— One the Ca’ be TISENENTS (new every morning) at rea todevritten ina plain, legible manner.— { responeible for errore in manuscript. oll kinds emecuted beautrfully and with orders at the Publication Office, corner of sau streets ‘ RS by sail, for subscriptions, or with to be post pasd, or the postage will be de- he money remitted: ua NTARY CORRESPONDENCE, containing ont news, solicited frem any quarter of the wordd— Lif used. will always be liberally paid for. ss OTICE can be iaken of anonymous communi Whatever va intended for insertion must be authent 1 Oy the name and address of the writer; not necessa: fiom, but as a guaranty of his good faith. ‘uke to recurn rejected communications. , BALL Price 2 ents per ci $3 2 exclusive a ALL PAYMENTS to be made in advance. 2 3 EVENING. PARK Sinvs, Lent & Co.s American Cire BOWERY TLE or Mexr CHATHAM EATRI Quren—Wrar Do Tue vists—Biack Evep fusan. PALMO'S OPERA HOUSE, Chambers street —Taens? ‘Trovrs or Mover Aatuts. PPOADWAY ODEON, Broadway —VertaiLoquiea, Guecrn Exenctexs, Comic S1xcinc, Opron Minet! MECTIANICS’ HALL, Broadway, near Broome sireet— Cun 1) Beeitecie—Ermorus Sincrne—Buriesque Dancina, &e. ALTTAMRA Q Prince. —Campmrut’s Erniorias SERENADERS, in their va- gs, dances &c. performances. owery.—Is He JeaLous—Bar- Maro. Chatham street—YouTHrun Taxr Mr For !—Mopet An- SALOON. Broadway, between Spring and ous roadway, near Howstoe.—Bane 0 E ements received for one insertion by the Mlectric Telegraph. We received, ata late hour last night, from ecial and official correspondent at Wash- a telegraphic d teh, which we give in another column, stati that a letter had been received from General Twiggs, at Vera Cruz, in whieh he says that a courier had arrived at that port, from General Scott, with advices that a treaty of peace had been made by the Mexican government. This is important, if true; but, in the absence of details, we are dis- posed to doubt the truth of the report. The government has received no despatches confirming this statement, and the probability is, yhet had there been any at Vera Cruz, they would hove reached Washington as early as a letter, in Cave Johnson’s mail bags. For several days past, reports of this kind have been afloat, and it is possible this isthe same as before given. We give the telegraph despatch as it came to hand, with the remark that nothing but the source from which it emanated at Washington, entitles it to eny confidence. The business transacted in the Legislature, yesterday, will be found interesting, although not of an important character. The bill making appropriations for the support of the State go- vernment, was passed in the Senate. In the As- sembly, Mr. Campbell offered a bill to secure the property of married women. There was a dis- cuszion on the Manuiacturing bill, but it was not disposed of. The room of this body was granted for the Democratic State Convention, to be held to-day. A number of confirmations of notaries public will also be found under our tele- graphic head. From Boston, we have very late intelligence from South America, by the arrival of the schooner Danish, at that port, from Buenos Ayres. The report of the proceedings in Congress yes- terday are highly interesting. Mr. Dix presented joint resolutions of the Legislature of New York, to have the present law regulating the postage on newspapers repealed. Mr. Bagby of- fered a series of resolutions, denying the power of Congress to interfere or impose abolition re- strictions on any territory which may hereafter be sequired by treaty or conquest. A bill was passed apprepriating $100,000 for the erection of barracks at’New Orleans for the accommcdation of troops going to and returning irom Mexico. After the consideration of a number of minor matters, the Ten Regiment Bill was taken up, Mr. Clarke, of Rhode Island, having the floor. An abstract of this gentleman’s speech, in oppo- on to the bill, is also given. Mr. Dix, of New York, will follow with his views on this In the House, the President’s annual feature of the day. question. Message was th Importaxt Democratic Movement.—The de- mocra‘ie members of Congress have appointed the fourth Monday ot May next, the twenty- second, for a democratic national convention, to meet at Baltimore, to nominate candidates for President and Vice Presidept. Letthe moun- tains shake and tremble. We suppose the whig members will soon have a caucus, and appoint{their day, which will be subsequent to thatof the democrats. The Mis- siseipp: will then run northwards. We have now a number of preliminary move- 2 on toot, which will have an effect on the of those two conventions—as ons ne ether has an effect in tooth-pulling. A State convention of one of the branches of the demo- cratic perty of the State, will be held to-day at Albany—the Brandreth vegetable pill section. This convention will probably adopt the method of sendiog delegates to Baltimore, elected on the district plana homopathiec system. Another State convention will be held by the other branch of that party—the Van Buren half- breed—at Utica, in a short time. This is the Wilmot proviso, or half-blood abolition party, and it will be in favor of electing a gene- ral ticket of delegates, or taking physic by wholesale. We don’t believe, however, that they will be admitted into the national conven- tion, at Baltimore, on account of the Wilmot groviso business, and their voracious system of medicine. On Saturday, a great mass meeting is to be held at Tammany Hall, of the democracy, in fa- vor of the war; and another meeting is supposed to be in preparation to nominate Mr. Clay for the Presidency. The third great mass meeting will be held in this city, on the twenty-second of Feb- ruary, to nominate General Taylor. Thus, as we approach the day on which the votes will be taken for President, the novements of the parties will increase, and the interest and excitement will augment. It is generally ex- pected that che seven devils will be let loose by May Navat Krmor.—lt is whispered in naval cir- oles, and we merely give it as a whisper—that the officers of the Gulf squadron, to whom the eommander-in-chief on thet station had address- ed inquiries as to the condnct and behaviour of acertain captain, lately in command of the na- | vel foree at Vera Cruz (on shore,) have returned for answer, ‘that his conduct was unbecoming | an officer of the American navy, while in such command.” We presume a court martial will soon be called to unravel the mystery which now hangs over the affair. At all events, it is to the offiger, #0 seriously charged, that he | should be fully heard in his defence, before be- eu basly vondermmed by his brother officers | | | | | The Present—The Future._.Mexteo, Congrese has been in session more than seven weeks, and during the whole of that time our relations with Mexico have been the theme of debate in the two houses, and of conversation in all the bar rooms, coffee houses and bowling sa- | loons of the city of Washington. Various plans for the settlement of our difficulties with that country have been proposed, the most prominent of which are, the plan recommended by Mr. Polk in his annual message, viz.; the holding of that country by military force, and the absorp- tion of its revenues, until such time as it chooses to propose terms of peace; the withdrawal of our forces to a line to be designated by the Con- gress of the United States, and then act on the defensive; such line to include a sufficient quan- tity of territory to indemnify us for all our claims against that country ; and the last, to withdraw our forces to the original boundary of the State of Texas, even within the part disputed, and give Mexico an opportunity to recruit her armies and carry the war into the United States. The first of these propositions is now the subject of con- troversy in the Senate of the United States, it | having been introduced by General Cass, ch+ir- man of the military committee, to increase the army by the addition of ten more regiments | The second proposition has been introduced by Hon. John C. Calhoun, and does not seem to meet with much favor ; and the third, the with- | drawal of our troops, in toto, from Mexicun ter- ritory, is condemned on all hands, in Congress and out of Congress, and scoffed at by sensible men of all parties. Meantime, that important crisis in the United States, the election of a President, is rapidly ap- proaching, and ina very few months, the diffe- rent parties into which the country is divided, will arrange and draw up their several pro- grammes of their principles and their policy, to be submitted to the people, and by them decided upon; they, of course, taking the dish which pleases their palate the most. It is almost too soon for this course to be taken; but, before many months have run their course, all the par- ties will be cap in hand to the electors, solicit- ing their suffrages for their own peculiar favorite candidate. The ten regiment bill, it is said by | | feeling. some, will eventually and undoubtedly pass both houses, whilst the contrary is held by others. Our own pinion ie, that it will pass; but whether its passage will bring the country any nearer to a peace than it has been for @ year past, is a matter of conjecture. In- deed, from what we have experiénced of the Mexican character, from what history informs us of the old Spanish character, and from what has transpired since the breaking out of the pre- sent war, itis notat all probable that any pro- positions for peace will come from the enemy, until they are harrassed and made to feel the effects of a continuance of hositilities, by a complete diversion of their revenues, both foreign and domestic, or until they are an- nihilated. To accomplish either of these results, will require time. Meantime, as we said before, our Presidential election is apppoaching, and our people will soon be called upon to decide upon our relations with that country. And the two great parties into which the country is divided, are already sounding the public mind, and throwing out feelers to ascertain’ the popular Dark and obscure intimations of annexing the whole of the enemy’s country, of taking that chosen part of the western hemi- sphere and attaching it tothe United States, under the plea that it is our destiny to occupy the whole continent sooner or later, have been thrown out, and from frequent repetition have become familiar to the ears of the public. In fact, what was considered, in the early part of the campaign, as wild and speculative in the highest degree, is now discussed by sober and rational men; and whilst some think it would be a death blow to our glorious institutions, others think it would be the happiest thing that could occur, no matter in what light it may be looked upon—the benefit counterbalancing the evils. Now, it is highly probable that in case a peace of some kind or other be not patch- ed up between the United States and Mexi- co, between this time and the period of our Presidential election, the annexation of the whole of Mexice, or some measure tanta- mount to it, will be the issue on which the two great parties will conduct the Presidential cam- paign. This will be the natural consequence of matters as they now stand; and as all plans but that recommended by Mr. Polk are repudiated by the people, matters so will shape themselves asto end in that distinct point, leaving that dis- tinct issue to be acted upon by the people. Now, let us review the history of the United States, and inquire in what way the people of the United States have hitherto decided when the question of the annexation or acquisition of territory has been submitted to them at the bal- lot box, and we shall find that in every case, the people have decided on having the territory, no matter what the consequences might be that were predicted. Yea, it is within the recollection of our children even, that the an- nexation of Texas, and the whole of Oregon up to 54 40, were triumphantly voted for by the peo- ple, notwithstanding that disastrous and direful war was predicted in both cases, and in one of which it followed. And further, it is known by them, that Mr. Polk lost caste in his party for consenting to a treaty that did not include the whole of the claimed territory of Oregon—not- withstanding that not to do so, would be to bring the country into a conflict with the most power- ful military and naval nation in the world. It 1s clear and evident, therefore, that in case the relations between the United States and Mex- ico be not pacifically settled between the present time and the period of our Presidential election, the question of annexation of the whole of Mexico will be made a test question by the political parties of the day,and on that question they will seek the suffrages of the people. om what we know of the Ameri- can character, and from the past history of the country, we are confident the annexation princi- ple will be carried; and the result will be, that the nationality of Mexico will be annihilated, and she will be made part and parcel ot the Untted States, whether it be for weal or wo. The longer duration of Mexico’s nationality, therefore, is inthe scale. If she submits to terms of peace acceptable to the United States, before the period of our Presidential election, she may yet remain aseparate and independent nation—if she does not, her fate is sealed forever, and the stars and strips will, of right, legally and equitably, take the place of the eagle and the snake. In nine months, at most, Mexico will be Mexico still, or a part of the United States. —All hail, Macbeth! that shalt be king hereafter. The following is a‘resolution passed at a de- mocratic meeting held in Buflalo, a few days ago. Prince John is inthe line of safe prece- | dent Resolved, That we recognize in John Ven Buren one of the mort able, and unwavering advocates of popular | rights The manly etand he bas tak lefence of the | principles | free soil him to the democracy o' tain him, with all their 1 gift of the people. We may help young Jolin a little; but old Mar- tin we do abominate, as one of the worst, mean- est, coldest, and most selfish men of the age. He has almost as bad a heart as Polk ; but per- haps is not so mean. Peace wita Mexroo.--Nothing Peace is farther off than ever, Rumors oy | but humbug. Tue Banxs anv THs Govennment.—We have no doubt that the banks of the large commercial cities are uniting their forces in order to influ- ence Congress to abolish the specie clause of the treasury system, threatening, in case of refusal, that the government can’t negotiate a loan under the present treasury plan. The journals in this and other cities, under the influence of mere bankers, brokers, and financiers, have made a | great clamor forthe repeal of the specie clause, and state the impossibility of negotiating any loan without its abolition. Now, if Congress should listen to these clamors, and those influences, and should also, in passing the new loan bill for eighteen millions of dollars, incorporate as a provision, a repeal of the specie system, what should the President do? In our opinion, the only course left for him to pursue, either as a man of honor, abiding by his own principles, and careful of the currency of the country, would be to place his veto on the bill, and throw the responsibility of a failure in making the loan on both houses of Congress. The preservation of the general currency of the country, in the event of any fu- ture inflation, is of more importance to its perma- nent and healthy prosperity than any present ad- vantage growing out of the loan negotiation. Whatever bankers, brokers, and capitalists may do, their influence is .very limited among the masses of the people. Mr. Polk ought not to forget, in sucha crisis, that the conduct of Ge- neral Jackson, in defeating the renewal of the charter of the United States Bank, was one of those popular elements which made him Presi- dent the second time; and we have no doubt, if Congress should insist, as a condition of the new loan of eighteen millions, upon the repeal of the specie clause of the sub-treasury, that the veto of such a bill would place Mr. Polk ahead of any other candidate for the Presidency, in the next election. This country is in a most important crisis— commercial, political, and every way. The banks, during the last few months, have been re- stricting their discounts, curtailing their circu- lation, and increasing the pressure in the money market, all of which has been done under the in- fluence of many motives, and several important causes. One of those reasons for adopting such apolicy, was, no doubt, the drain of our specie to Europe and Mexico; but at the present mo- ment things appear to have changed, and any con- tinuation of the pressure by the banks, must be attributed to some indirect purpose upon the le- gislation of Congress, and that purpose is no | doubt an attempt to procure the repeal of the specie clause in the treasury system. We have seen the influence of the Jews, the usurers, and bankers of London, on the Russell government of England. Our government ought to be more independent of the influence of money, and rest more on the interests, feelings, principles, and purposes of three or four millions of independent voters. The principle involved is the preserva- | tion of a healthy currency, and the prevention | of a paper system; the only check on inflation cie clause. Lovis Puiuirrg anp Frencu AFFatrs.—Ac- cording to our last accounts from Paris, Louis Philippe and his government were about to in- troduce a number of very important and essen- tial reforms in the Chamber of Deputies, now sit- ting in that capital. Louis Philippe is a states- man himself—even more of a statesman than a king; his minister, M. Guizot, one of the great- est and purest public men in Eur i i sensible to the condition of the ci and the critical situation of affairs in France and England. M. Duchatel is another great man, who chiefly confines his operations to detail, and does not go into general and comprehensive views of public affairs. According to all ap- pearances, and the information we receive, both public and private, the French government, and the present French dynasty, has reached a very important crisis in its destiny. There can be no doubt that the great mass of floating opinion in Paris and France, is hostile to the Orleans fami- ly and favorable to a republic. But in the pre- gent condition of European affairs, the estab- lishment of a Republic in France would be the signal for a terrible and universal war over all Europe, which might last for half a century. The wisdom of M. Guizot, and such men, would tend rather to lead France and Europe step by step forward in the cause of social and political liberty, than to plunge at once into the midst of a state of things which would lead to nothing but anarchy and confusion for some years to come. With these views and impressions, our private correspondence from Paris gives us cause to expect some vast reforms to be proposed in the Chamber of Deputies; and among other things, these reforms will be extended to the diplomatic and consular relations with France and foreign countries. We shall not, therefore, be as- tonished to seea change in the diplomatic and consular missions to this country, and we really think a change would be beneficial. The French legation at Washington, for some years past, has been atameand impotent affair, plainer to no one more than to M. Guizot and Louis Philippe himself. Inthe general reform, we shall pro- bably have some great and leading statesman sent to the United States. We are now taking a rank in the world which commands the respect of the potentates in Europe and all parts of the earth. Similar changes will, no doubt, be made in the consulships in the principal cities of our Union. There certainly are reasons for all these changes taking place, and that before long. Cave JoHNSON CAVING IN.—That extraordinary piece of obstinate mortality, who presides over the Post Office Department, at Washington, is beginning to cave in, instead ofcaving out. He has listened to our solemn and feeling appeals upon the post office advertising, and has ordered a new scrutiny and a fresh batch of affidavits to be put in by the daily journals of this city. Yesterday, the Postmaster here, under directions from Washington, issued circulars to every daily newspaper of New York city, proposing to them to put in each an application for the post office advertising, andto exhibit, as a preliminary movement to it, what their circulation is within the limits of the city, on affidavit.— This is right and proper. The new distri- bution of the post office patronage, or ad- vertising, will take place on the first of next month. All the city journals have, therefore, about a week to make out their statement, and to swear to it and give it to the Post Office here. We shall then see what is the circulation of our city journals; and in this scrutiny, if fair play is the order of the day, and no trick is concealed under this movement, we have no doubt the New York Herald will come oat the success- ful competitor. Our circulation in this city is larger than that of all the other papers published here, except one, and our general circulation, throughout New-York and the United States, is greater than any other paper inthis city or in this country. This will appear by and by. More or Cutorororm.—Our old friend John Van Buren, who has come down and fixed him- self in Wall street, threatens to give the vote of New York to the whigs by a majority of 60,000, if his branch of the party be not preferred to Dr. Brandreth’s, at the Baltimore Convention. This is good news to the whigs. and extravagance, is the preservation of the ape- | Rerorms in tar Law anv aMona Lawyers. —This isthe age of legal reform, as well as an age ot reform in finance, morality, religion and temperance. Since the sdoption of the new constitution, we have entered upon a new move- ment in law and its practice, which we hope and trust may have a beneficial operation on society at large. Among other reforms connected with this | Branch of our social system, we have started one on our own hook, which bids fair to have a very useful and tranquilising effect. We allude to the notice we have given, of excluding from the columns of this paper,in every possible way, the names of all those lawyers, counsellors, judges, | and others connected with the administration of justice, who exhibit more of a pettifogging and contentious spirit in the matter of libel and other suits, than of honesty and fair dealing in their legal practice, legal decisions, and legal principles. Many of our contemporaries, here and elsewhere, concur with us in those views, and have adopted them inthe management of their journ: Some have announced their pur- pose to do go publicly; and others that we know of, have silently taken the same resolution, and are determined to carry it into effect. This is one of the reforms that spring out of the enterprise and spirit of the present age, con- nected with the newspaper press. It is a reform which we shall put in practice towards all those lawyers, and others of the profession, who have exhibited a pettifogging malevolence, or any other hostile disposition, towards this establish- ment. Other reforms are under way, in other branches of legal practice, but we have no doubt there trong disposition among the old law- yers, and among the young ones who are infect- ed with the old practices, to throw difficulties in the way of legal reform—to multiply its confu- sion, and attempt to prove to the public, that in abandoning the old ridiculous system, we have enly adopted a worse one. The practice ofall our courts, and all our lawyers, ought to be narrowly watched. There isa general inherent and se- cret hostility in the ,profession to all common sense reforms that may lead to the diminution of litigation, simplicity in practice, or a reduc- tion of expenses. We have a number of curious facts reported to us on the conduct of the present judges and lawyers, particularly since the adop- tion of the new constitution. We shall wait a little further, to see the real purposes of the pro- tession developed. Ifthey mean to unite and cheat the masses of the people, they may deceive themselves when 1t 18 too late. Genzrat Taytor’s Orintons.—The whig par- ty, here and at Washington, appear to be torn by dissentions, in consequence of their ignorance of General Taylor’s sentiments and opinions on a variety of subjects. Some of them are calling for more letters, more developements. Now we think, that as far as a mere popular candidate for the Presidency is concerned, General Taylor’s recent speech at Lafayette is quite sufficient to satisfy any reasonable enquirer. He said in that speech, that the object nearest his heart was to bring the war to a rapid termination—to restore peace between the United States and Mexico—to cultivate mutual good will—to practice forbear- ance and magnanimity towards a feeble and pros- trate enemy; but he regretted that circumstances deprived him of the oppertunity of contributing more towards its accomplishment. These sen- timents are the briefest and the best yet uttered in the present crisis of the country. With these sentiments in his heart and on his lips, General Taylor goes before the people as their candidate forthe Presidency; and if he should be elected, we have no doubt that he will have more power to bring about a lasting and an honorable peace, than any other man now betore the country for that office. Can the most fastidious among the whigs require a fuller developement of opinion? Rovucu anp Reavy Cuvns.—We are called on daily to notice the organization of Rough and Ready Clubs, and little meetings leading thereto, held in different parts ef the city. We shall do no such thing. Every obscure grog-shop or liquer store in the by-streets, alleys and lanes, is preparing to create a Rough and Ready Club by way of getting themselves advertised in those journals favorable to the elevation of Genera Taylor to the Presidency, and of contributing to the custom of their bars. We have named Ge- neral Taylor for the Presidency, because we thought him an able, patriotic and honest man. We mean to give him a certain portion of our support, in a fair and open way, and on our own hook. We care nothing for conventions or cau- cuses, or meetings of any kind, unless they have a general reference to the great movement in his favor; and we shall notice none of those private cliques or private clubs, who want to make the election of General Taylor a stepping-stone to the sale of their liquor or the acquisition cf cus- tom, or to the formation of clubs to be used here. after for procuring offices when he shall be elected. Navat.—The U. S. ship of the line Ohio, Cap- tain Taylor, sailed from Rio de Janeiro on the 7th December, for Valparaiso. The brig Perry sailed from the same place on the 6th, for Monte- video. The Brandywine and schooner On-ka- hy-e remained in the harbor of Rio on the 8th att, The U.S. ship Plymouth, Capt. Thomas | R. Gedney, commanding, is under sailing orders forthe East Indies. Itis said that Hon. J. W. Davis, of Indiana, will go out in her, to succeed the late A. H. Everett, 18 U. S. commissioner to China. The brig Dolphin isshortly expected to sailtor the coast of Africa, under the command of Lieut. W, 8. Ogden. The store ship Fredo- nia, Lieut. Com. F. A. Neville, from New York for Vera Cruz, was spoken on the 11th inst., P. M., in lat. 36 30, lon. 69. Marine Affairs, Suir purcpine in Passamaquoppy.—The U. 8. Sur- veyor at Eastport, reports the number of vessels built in 1847 in the district of Paseamaquoddy, to be one ship of 604 tons (name given asthe “ Satan”’), eight barks, nine brigs, and nine schooners—in all, 4,935 tons. The foreign entries in the same district in 1647, were 441 vessele 46,899 tons. The value of dutiable imports, $63,574 64, and of free imports, $39,854; total $103,428 64. The to- tal value of exports for the year was $613,473, ‘Waxvosoro District, Suir wvitpina.—The number of vessels and amount of tonnsge built in the district of ‘Waldoboro during the year 1847, is thus set down by the No. Ton mn 86 74 a 28 3058 41 23,922 belonging to the District of Waldoboro, December, 31, 1847. Tons. Tons. : aurT7 is Under 20 tons, 1,709 93 ied & ii 54,324 42. Total tonnage dist. 85,987 45 ase of the tonnage over 1816, 7,099 72. Suir Danvens, of Boston, now at New Orleans, has been chartered by government to carry troops to Vera Crus. The Boston Journal says that the owners are to receive $3,500 for the trip. @inrexestinac Annunciation.—A full meetin; of the republican members of both houses o Congress was held to-night in the capitol. A report from the joint committee of both houses, appointed at a former meeting, was made, re- commending to the republican party to hold the national convention for the nomination of Pre- sident and Vice-President, at the usual time and ee viz , at Baltimore, on the 4th Monday in lay. Motions were successively made to sub- | stitute Cincinnati as the place, and the 4th of July as the time of meeting ;, both of which were re- | jected. And then the original report of the joint | committee was unanimously adopted; and the meeting rae at_an early hour, in the best feeling and spirit.— Washington Union, Jan. 24. | Srorerany Watxer.—Annexed is an extract of aletter from the H R J. Walker to R. M | Gaines, Esq , of M sippi, dated “Wasnixaton City, Deo, 24, 1847.—1 am slowly re- covering from siverys severe attack, which’still confines meto my room. Perhaps sometime in January 1 may : a emery me | be able to resume duties in the Treasury, and possi- | ‘The Northern mall partly failed at Sevanneh, J My ey eeasor mgt the ath, Mceeh, 1040, ‘Atver thet 1 e ' h 5 “Great ‘Southera mall failed at New York, 39, Hy Hy date | must go into private life and have repose of both | tom to the bill. He calowlated TELEGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE. a Highly Important from Washington. TREATY OF PEACE WITH MEXICO. Wasuinaron, Jan. 25, 1848. A letter has just been received in this city from General Twiggs, at Vera Cruz, stating that a cou- rier had arrived from General Scott, bringing in- teltigence that a treaty had been negotiated with the Mexican government by Mr. Trist. No despatches had been received by this go- yernment confirmatory of the statement thata treaty had been mude. Affairs in Washington. Wasnineton, Jan. 25, 1848. It is rumored that Mr. Trist is negotiating in Mexico on his own hook. It is said the whig members will withhold gete ting up acaucus for a few days, the object of which will be to fix a time for holding a National Convention. Mr. Hallett continued his argument in the Sue preme Court to-day, on the Dorr case. The citizens of Washington held a meeting preparatory to giving the Hon. Henry Clay a public dinner. Another Court Martial. Wasuineton, Jan. 15, 1848. Great excitement exists among Naval men here this morning, in consequence of a prevail” ing report that the officers of the Gulf‘squadron, in reply to a circular from the Commodore, re- questing information on the subject, have re- turned for answer, that “* the conduct of a Po:t Captain at the batteries before Vera Cruz was unbecoming an officer in the presence of an enemy.” Case of Mrs. Connor, in the Supreme Court, ‘Wasuinaton, Jan. 25. The Supreme Court dismissed the appeal of Mrs. Connor, who claimed to be the wife of General P. Van Ness, on the ground of a want of jurisdiction, which, in effect, confirms the decisien of the Court below, which settles the case adversely to the plaintiff. ‘The Overtand Epress. PersrssurG, Jan 25, 1848. Our Southern overland express failed yester- day, owing, probably, to severe freshets; and Uncle Sam’s mail of to-day contains the same news published by us yesterday. Very Late frum South America. Boston, Jan. 25th—Night. The schooner Danish, Estestan, has just ar- rived from Buenos Ayres, whence she sailed on the 2Ist of November. She brings papers to the 20th of November. The British Packet of that date says, “we are daily in the expectation of the arrival of news fzom the army of operations in Corrientes. It is supposed to have effected the passage of the river of that name by the end of last month.” The defection of the Madariagas was becom- ing more numerous as the army advanced. The commander of the,Esquina, and his brother,with all the troops under their command, had latterly joined its ranks. From the disposition mani- feasted by the Corrientes people, hopes were en- tertainedthat the campaign will prove a blood- less one. = There appears to be no probability of Lopez, of Paraguay, again entering the lists. On application of the foreign merchants, go- vernment has granted an extension of the term allowed, of the present trade with the enemy’s ports, until the 20th of December. Arrest of a Murderer. Sr. Louis, Jan. 24, 1848. Baldwin, who murdered Mathews on Sunday night, twenty miles west of St. Louis, has been captured at Jefferson City, and brought back ~ He confesses all, and says he committed® 9% crime for $500 and a watch. He isa brothertm- law of the murdered man, and is twenty-three years of age. Rieter ibe 4. Appointments of Notaries Public. Axsany, Jan. 25, 1848. The following appointments appear in this eve- ning’s Journal:—New York—J. W. Jones, Frencis Bloodgood, Constant Brown, Chas. L. Benedict, David S. Lyon, M. Schermerhorn, Jos. C. Lawrence, and Morris Franklin, Nota- ries Public. THIRTIETH CONGRESS. FIRST SESSION. Senate. Wasuinoron, Jan, 26, 1848, THE POTATO DISEASE. Mr. Dickinson presented « memorial from oiti- sens of New York, on the subject of the potato rot, the injury likely to result therefrom, and in favor of an in- quiry as to the most effectual remedy. POSTAGE ON NEWSPAPERS. Mr, Dix presented a joint resolution of the Legis, ture of New York, relative to the law fixing the rate of postege on newspapers, the prepayment thereof, and praying for the repeal of the same. THE SLAVERY QUESTION. Mr. Bacay offered a series of resolutions denying the power of Congress to abolish slavery in any of the States, Mr. B, stated that the declaration of his resolutions ‘was recognised by the laws of nations; that in territory hereafter acquired by treaty or conquest, it will not be lawful to probibit slavery, or to impose restrictions upon other property, by the terms of ® treaty or act of Con gress. Every State coming into the Union, must be left equally free as to the establishment of her institutions, provided they are of a republican character. He said ‘at present he only thought proper to make a few brief explanations, prefacing his resolutions, and that he would speak his sentiments more fully at » future dey. HOSPITAL AND BARRACKS AT NEW ORLEANS, Mr. Jerrenson Davis reported s bill appropriating 100,000 dollars for the erection of s hospital and other quarters on public grounds, near the barracks, at New Orleans, for the accommodation of troops going to and returning from Mexico. He said it was of tance that this bill should pass immediately, and he trusted it would meet with no serious opposition on the part of Senators. He said nothing more discouraged enlistments than the sufferings our troops had experi- enced at New Orleans. Mr Cartrenpen expressed his entire concurrence in the necessity of the bill, and was ready to grant the ap- propriation in question. The bill was then read a third time and passed. THE EMPLOYEES IN THE DEPARTMENTS. ‘The Vice Parsivent presented a communication con- taining the names of clerks, and other persons now em- ployed in the departments, or which were #0 employed during the year 1847. DEFALCATION IN THE MINT AT PHILADELPAIA. Mr. Camenon’s resolution relative to the defalcation in the Mint at Philadelphis, was made the special order of the day for Tuesday two week THE TREN REGIMENT BILL. Mr. Case moved to take up the special order of the day, which was the Ten Regiment Bill. Mr. Critrenpen first wished the Chairmen on Mili- tary Affairs to answer the following questions :— First, Whether Gen. Soott had been recalled or sus- pended’? Secondly, Whether Gen, Worth had been relieved from arrest, or remained suspended ? Mr. Cass said he would not reply in his official charac- ter as chairman of the Military Committee, but he was ready to give the Senator from Kentucky all the infor- mation he had on the subject. Mr. C. said he under- st ood that General Scott had been suspended, and that the comm of the army now devolved on General Butler. He said that General Scott would sttend ® court of inquiry at Perote, when all the dimoulties with the officers would be investigated. He believed that General Worth had been released from arrest. Mr. Carrrenpen anid that he felt obliged to the chalr- man for the information communtosted, but that he hed heard with astonishment the proceedings adopted with regard to General Scott. ‘The special order of the day wes then taken up; when Mr. Cianx, of Rhode Island, spoke onehour in oppost- that by the passege of he increased to 96,000 tis bill the army in Mexiso will LL men. He wished to know how this force was to be em- ployed, and in what manner the Commit‘e of Ways and Means proposed they should be provided for. He be- Meved that ifthe bills now before the Senate were passed we should require loan of forty millions of dollars for the present war, which could not be negotiated on better terms than 90 cents on the dollar. The abstraction of so large an amount of specie from cfroulation would cause an alarming increase in the price of breadstufly, pnd fall heavily on the laboring population of this country. He said that the first of the series of measures necessa- rily led to {he commencement of an offensive war against Mexico. He opposed the assumptions that the Mexicans did not have a right to claim theirterritory, and toform their own goverament,withoft the consent of the United States. He did not consider it constitutional for this Union toaoquire territory by conquest, nor did he con- sider that it was right to attempt the dismemberment or the transformation of her people by subjugation. All such movements were only steps to ultimate annexaticn. He considered that the incorporation of Texas was the primary cause of the war, followed up by the removal of General Taylor to the banks of the Rio Grande. No new additional troops were wanted. How were they tobe supperted in a conquered country, even were it in astate of peace? The only means of support would n @ossarily create a large national debt. Where were the resources to de obtained for its extinguishment? It was wrong in principle; the new tariff had not proved so beneficial as represented. He quoted from statis- tics to show that the estimates of the Secretary of the Treasury could afford no hope of relief. He was opposed to loan, for which the Secretary had asked. He was opposed to the annexation of Mexico to this country’ and condemned all propositions of the kind in the se- verestterms. He said such & measure would prove sub- versive of the liberties of our common country. He ap- pealed to Senators,and implored them to stop this unjust and unholy war, so pregnant with evil to the future des- tiniés of the United States. Mr. Dix, of New York, next obtained the floor, and signified his desire to speak to the bill; but gave way to @ motion made by Mr. Cameron, to go into executive session, Afier some time spent therein, the doors were opened, and the Senate adjourned. House of Representatives, REPORTS. The committees were calied on for reports. INSPECTION OF VESSELS, BTRAM BOILERS, ETC. Mr. Tuomrson, of Pennsylvania, submitted a resolu- tion, which was adopted, instructing the Committee on Commerce to enquire into the expediency of making a more thorough inspection of vessels, as to steam boilers, rigging, ko. Mr. McCurtuane, of Michigan, submitted a resolution instructing the Committee on Commerce to inquire whether any change was necessary in the laws regard- ing the inspection of vessels, rigging, lights, ke. Adopted. AFPROPRIATIONS FOR THE MILITARY ACADEMY, Mr. Vinton of the Ways and Means, reported a bill making an appropriation to the Military Academy, for the year ending on the 30th Juhe, 1349. The Dill also makes an appropriation for the revolutionary and other pensions for the same year. PROVISION FOR WIDOWS AND ORPHANS OF SOLDIERS Mr. Dunn, of Indians, from the Committee on Claims, reported a bill making provision for the widows and children of soldiers who have died, or who may here- after die, in actual service, or after a discharge has been given, and made in consequence of wounds or disease contracted im active service. RE-ESTABLISHING A COLLECTION DISTRICT IN GEORGIA, Mr. Hunt, of New York, from the Committee on Commerce, reported a bill to re-establish the collection district of Brunswick, Georgia. THE CONVEYANCE OF EMIGRANT PASSENGERS, ETC. Mr. Gainnent, of New York, brought up # bill to amend the first section of the act which regulates the conveyance of passengers in merchant vessels, and the supplementary act for the relief of sick and disabled seamen. MILITARY LAND CLAIMS. Mr. Cotamen, of Vermont, from Committe on Publio Lands, reported bill further to extend the time for locating the military land warrants. STATE CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED states, &c. Mr. Newson, of the Military Committee, produced @ bill for the settlement of certain claims of New Hamp- shire on the United States ! Mr. McDowet, of the District Committee, brought forward a bill giving assent of the United States to an J woe the Legislature of Maryland. These bills were all read twice and referred to the Committee of the Whole, ADDITIONAL SURGEONS FOR THE NAVY. The Committee on Naval Affairs reported an act back - | from the Senate, providing for the appointment of addi- tional Surgeons. Whole. It was amended in Committee of the RULES AND ORDERS. The Committee on Rules and Orders reported amend- ments to rules, soas to terminate debate in Committee of the Whole, by resolution, the same as on the State of the Union. POST OFFICE Laws, Mr. Hours, of New York, presented resolutions of the Legislature of New York relative to the Post Office laws. Referred, and ordered tobe printed. THE PRESIDENT’S ANNUAL MESSAGE. On motion of Mr. Sis, of South Carolina, the Com- mittee of the Whole, J. R. Ingersoll in the chair, took up the President's Message. Mr. Beprvoen, of Virginia, addressed the committee in support of the prerogative of the President to refuse to communicate Mr. Slidell’s correspondence. He was willing to vote for all calls for information, because he had confidence in the judgment of the Exeoutive, and did not want to place him in a false position, by appear- ing afraid to make any call demanded by the House. The President, in reply, did answer and gave all the in formation he could communicate consistently with the Public service. He had told them how Santa Avns and Paredes had got into Mexico. He had only refused to state what the publio interest required should be kept concealed. He sustained the President by various prece- dents during the administration of Washington, and particularly the reply of John Q. Adams to the Senate, on the Panama mission question, the speeches of Mr. Hayne and John Randolph, and the ection of the Senate thereon. He charged Mr. Tompkins with untrath in saying Polk's refusal was based on # sort of royal prero- gative. It was on public interest. He regretted the blood shed in Mexico, and wished it would stop. But,he asked, would gentlemen be willing to back out, and for- sake our rights. No, no—no turning back. This great country must go ahead—that isthe motto, The Presi- dent admitted Santa Anna because he knew him to be capable of fighting nothing but chickens, and to kick up a row in Mexico, and disconcert government measures. Our government would have found it more difficult to have prosecuted the war, had Paredes retained power, who was our worst, most effective, and dangerous enemy. After he bad concluded, Mr. J. Dixon Roman, of Maryland, next took the floor end made an able argument against the war. He said it ‘was unnesersary and unconstitutional. He went into the consideration of the boundary question, He eald General Taylor did mot advise the movement to the left bank of the Rio Grande. When told by the Secretary of War that the Rio Grande was to be his destination’ Taylor said, ‘If that is to be the ultimatum, the best course will be to take up a position as near the rive as possible,”’ Mr. Green, of Missouri, next took the floor, and made Sepeech in anpport of the war, and of the administra- tion. He particularly replied tothe argument so often used, as to the war's being unnecessarily begun. At the conclusion of Mr. Green’s speech, the commit tee rone. Mr. Dowweii. moved a reconsideration of the vote clos- ing the debate in committee on the President’s message, at two o'clock to-morrow, pending which, the Houre adjourned, saab NEW YORK LEGISLATURE. Avwany, Jan, 25, 1948 Senate. CLINTON MONUMENT ASSOCIATION, A bill was reported to incorporate the \Clinton Monu- mont Association. ARREST OF FUGITIVE BLAYES, Mr. Pine reported ndversaly to tho bill relative to the arrest of fugitive slaves. ‘The report says it will be un- constitutional to act either one way or the other under the present laws, asno State officer has any right to participate in the arrest of fugltives. WASHINGTON PARK, BROOKLYN, The whole subject in reference to the Washington Park, Brooklyn, was referred toa aslect committee, on motion of Mr. Bokee, SUPPORT OF THE ATATE GOVERNMENT, The Arsembly bill, making appropriations for the swp+ port of the State Government, was passed. SUPERINTENDENT FOR BROOKLYN COMMON SCHOOLS, A bill sppointing ® Superintendent for Common Schools of Brooklyn, was ordered to a third reading, RUFTAL@ Oat COMPANY, A Dill to Incorporate the Buffalo Gas Company wag