The New York Herald Newspaper, January 13, 1848, Page 2

NEW YORK HERALD. North-west Corner of Fulton and Nassag sts. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETUR. DAILY HERALD—Bvery day (Sunday included) Price 2 cents per copy—87 2 ‘ennum—in the Uniteo a Buropean subscribers: $14 per annum, sncluding stare. WEEKLY HERALD—Every Scturday—Prige 6 nts per copy—$3 1234 per annum—in the Unsted States European subscribers, oy steamship $9 per annum, inci WEN ELD Vor 2UROPE—Every Steam Packet Dey — Price 844 cents per copy—® per annum, including post Subsereptions ad Ge, oF B3 2 exclusive of postoge lignans, 18 rice 18 Cornhill, and John Bi th wertigements will be recerved Oy Firvenne, Paris; P wumonds omller, bookseller. Henrietta street. London PRESIOENTIAL HERALD~Every Tuesday~One Dollar for the Campaign, ie av TISEMENTS (new every morning) at rea- renadie prices; (0 be writien ina plain, legible manner — The proprietor not responsible for errors in manuscript. PRINTING of al kinds executed heautsfuily and with deepatch. fll orders at the Publication Opice, corner of Pulton and Nassau streets. ALL LETTERS by mail. for subscriptions, er with advertisements, to be post paid, or the postage will be de- ducted from the money remitted. a SE VOLUNTARY CORRESPONDENCE, containing tmpertant news, solicited from any quarter of the world— ond tf used, will always be li veraliy paid for. NO NOTICE con de ticken of anonymous communica iene Whatever ss intended for insertion must he authenti- cated by the na id address of the writer ; P rily fer publice: out asa guaranty af hi! od faith We cannet undertake to return rejected communscations. ALL PAYMENTS to be made in advance. ENTS THIS EVENING. 4MUSEM' ¥ TI Co.’s American PARK THEATRE—Sanps, Lest ircas, in their various performances. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery —Bavrus—Mrsrerixs or OporEeLLowsHir—CHasLoTte TEMPLE. CHATHAM THEATRE, Chatham street.—Amprorr Gwisetrre—Postuuinc—Vopet Artists—THe Wire's Sroonp_Fioon—Trent Rore Daxcing—Garecian Exen- cises~Orena Mevopists. BROADWAY ODKON, Broadway.—Sixoina—Ven- TRILOQUISM—MopEL ARTISTS. MECH 4NICS8’ HALL. Broadway, near Broome-—Cxris tr’s givmeranis, Kruiorian Stvoing, BORLEsque Danc- ING, &e. = PANORAMA HALL, Broadway, near Houston—Ban- vano’s PaxonaMa or THE Mississipri River. TABERNACLE. Broadwi CaL CoMPany’s SEYENTH ¢ ONC BROOKLYN. FEMALE ACADEMY, Joralemo scat IuLustRarion’s oF Sua AR! STYERMARKISCHE Musi street.—-Lynne’s Mu- zB. New York, Thursday, January 13, 1848. Og Advertisements received for one insertion only. The Electric News up to Evening. By the electric wires, last evening, we have re- ceived very interesting accounts from Washing- ton, from Albany, from Detroit, and from many other opposite and distant points of the country, alltending to show that the spirit and tone of every organised body is beginning to rise, as the Presidential election progresses. The debates in the Senate, at Washington, yes- terday, are extremely interesting. Mr. Dickin- son, Senator from New York, who, in support- ing certain resolutions, goes the whole figure for the annexation of Mexico, made an eloquent speech, acondensed report of which will be found in ourcolumns. It is one of the most remarkable speeches made in the Senate, and probably ex- presses, without any reserve, the real sentiments of the leaders of the democracy at Washington, and of the administration itself, on the subject of Mexican policy, this policy being the gradual annexation or absorption of the whole of that country—its people, its mines, mountains, and everything. The debate on the ten regiment bill “was continued by Mr. Clayton, who made one of the most sarcastic replies to Mr. Johnson, ot Merylend, that probably ever raised the laughter of the grave and reverend seignors of the Senate. It seems the ladies in the galleries were ina roar of laughter all the time he was speaking. This speech is worth reading, and itis reported most beautfiully, both by our reporters and the electric operators, all of whom seem to improve every day that they are engaged in this most in- teresting debate. From Albany, our accounts up to last eve- ning, are interesting. The whigs in the Legislature appear to be backing and fill- ing, in their hostility to the Mexican war. They are paring the resolutions down into calm and temperate abstractions, meaning little or nothing. We should not be surprised to see the Legislature of New York—whigs and demoerats—favorable to the annexation of Mexi- co, before the termination of the session. The progress of the Presidential canvass, the action of State legislatures and conventions, as well as the intelligence from Washington, coming from all points of the compass, will operate on each legislative body throughout the country, respec- tively. We have also telegraphic accounts from Michi- gan. The legislature has met atthe capital, the Governor has sent in a message of great length, principally on local affairs, and the House of Representatives has elected as their sergeant-at- arm:, one who has just returned from the fields | of Mexico. They are all for war, annexation, and absorption, in that legislative body, and pro- bably the next thing will be the nomination of Gener»i Cass for the Presidency, to go side by side with that from Ohio. From St. Louis, too, by telegraph, we have interesting intelligence from Santa Fe, giving the proceedings of the Congress of New Mexico, and their movements for the annexation of that couutry to the United States, &c. &e. The general tendency of all those movements and indications which took place yesterday, at Washington, Albany, and elsewhere, is favora to the annexation and absorption of Mexico end the policy of continuing the war in that re- publie until such a measure is accomplished. The great orators and statesmen of the last age, such as Webster, Calhoun, Clay, and others, present to the mind’s eye, pinnacles of principle, purity, and sublimity, similar to those which the peaks of the Alps exhibit to the eyes of the tra- veller in Switzerland. They are great and sublime, peering over all earthly feelings and pissions, soaring into the blue sky of heaven, but utterly impracticable in this wonderful raculous e of the world, in which e combinations produced by steam, electri- city and the printing press, capable of governinga whole continent, twice the size of America, with as much ease as we can govern a city of fifty thousand pious inhabitants. Cave Johnson, it appears, has had rather bad fortune in his independent postal arrangement, thus fur. Two of his steamboats, which convey- ed the great southern mail, have been burned up, tous destroying the mail connection between the North and the South, until other boats are pro- cared. Weshouldnot be surprised if he were | to engage row boots, in the meantime, on account | of ir cheapness. As regards our foreign mais, however, it will be seen that an agent has Been appointed to exprdite the forwarding hem between thie country and Europe, which ’ pe inay be of more utility than some of his rt undertakings av Magriac—Pick wick an ‘e request those literary persons who arefond of | emonr © RNE hekins, to read something to-day in our colums h far outstrips the Pick- s them entirely in the between + Whi wiek ers, pay voea Gener ive eu 1° Lieutenant Fremont court mar $a moet capital VRS See Sind, ab tat some of our bey ring it out at the ers will dramatise it, aud Bowery or Chatham theatre, immediately tr un new em of advertising every One likes it—~every one admires it, and every One pays for it. It is now discovered that one advertisement, inserted in a journal of such circulation as that of the Herald, and on 1a system, tells a ch as a dozen on the ed fashioned, slow coach, system Tee Reeats or Gunerat Scort.—We publi ed in yesterday’s Herald, exclusively, and ahead ofall our contemporaries, the proceedings of aca- | bieet council which was held on the day before | yesterdey, ian Washington, at which it wae | determinrd that Gen~ral Scott should be recalled | from Mexico, with directions to report himself | at Washington as soon as possible; and further- more, that a messenger would leave Washing- ton this morning, with such recall. This movement will doubtless be the subject of much animated discussion by the press, throughout the couatry, and be freely comment- ed upon by the public at large; for it is a matter affecting, directly, the army, the administration and the country, as well as General Scott and his generals. Indeed, one of our contempora- ries, the Courier and Enqurier, of this city, com- | menced this discussion yesterday, and defends General Scott for the course he thought proper to pursue, in the arrest of Generals Pillow and Worth, and that of Col. Duncan, ia a very warm manner. This is only the commencement of the breeze which this recall will raise throughout the country. | Whether General Scott was right or wrong in his proceedings, we cannot, in the present stage of the proceedings, undertake to say; but we will repeat what we have formerly stated—that the brilliant campaign of General Taylor, from the Rio Grande to Buena Vista, has not been marred by any untoward circumstance similar to this. His extreme, nay, almost sublime, simplicity of character—his paternal and affec- tionate demeanor towards all the officers under his command, have endeared them all to him; and high as is the opinion which the people of the United States have for him, it is not so high as that which the officers and men under his command entertain for him. Whilst the neces- sary discipline is maintained in his army, peace, quietness and good feeling have characterised it, from the hour it was organized as an army of occupation, until the present moment, when it reposes in quiet, victorious, in Monterey. No one can be found, throughout the length and breadth of the country, who is willing to say aught against General Scott, as a military genius of the highest order—as one of the greatest mili- tary tacticians of the age—as one of whom his country is justly proud; but while they admire his brilliant campaign, from Vera Cruz to the city of Mexico, and give him all due credit for his masterly military conduct, they cannot but la- ment the causes which led to the difference be- tween him and his generals, and regret that so distinguished a man should be afflicted with aberrations of temper, such as he has exhibited in the order 349, since the termination of the glorious campaign that closed with the occu- pation of Mexico. Of course, the generals under arrest have also been recalled, and their return will be the sig- nal for the commencement of a series of courts- martial, the proceedings of which will develope | the cause of all those difficulties. Whilst these courts-martial will be beneficial to the country in one respect, they may pussibly be highy inju- rious to it in another. They will give publicity to all those secret combinations, and expose the main-spring of the causes which led to the bril- liant victories in the second campaign, and thereby give to the world much valuable and ia- teresting information that otherwise would never meet the public eye. But, on the other hand, the absence of our most distinguished generals from the seat of war, and with it the sb- sence of thatawe and morale which their presence inspired, may, peradventure, induce the Mexican generals and army to form a combination once more, and again try the chances of battle with the troops « ° the United States, and perhaps with consequener's that might defer the acquisition of peace for a longer period than ever. With this view, therefore, it is absolutely ne- cessary that reinforcements should be thrown into that country, sufficiently large to demon- strate the futility of any such movement, as soon as possible; and in order to enable the Pre- sident to do so, Congress should immediately pass the ten regiment bill now before the Senate. We regret—it is lamentable that such a state of things has come to pass—we are sorry that our army, after having accomplished military miracles, and performed deeds that have dazzled and astonished the world, and elevated their country to the topmost pinnacle of national fame—that the principal officers of that army should be ordered home to be court-martialled, and their personal differences exposed to the world. Oh! General Taylor, General Taylor, would that a portion of thy sublime spirit of moderation could be spared to some of thy bro- ther generals and companions in glory. Tue Onto Nomination or Genrrat Cass.— The nomination of General Cass, by a Demo- cratic State Convention in Ohio, is a very important step in the progress of the Presiden- tial canvass. [tis the first distinct movement of the kind taken by the democratic party, throughout the country. From appearances, this step will be followed by the democracy in the other North-Western States—in Michigan, In- diana, and Illinois—to say nothing of the chances which he has in other parts,in the South- West. It is said that the Pennsylvania State Convention will nominate Mr. Buchanan. Be this as it may, General Cass may proceed from nomination to nomination, with great strength. We understand, also, that preparations are making in this State for a demonstration in his favor as a candidate. A war meeting will be held soon at Tammany Hall, and we learn that Mr. McKeon, who is the United States District Attorney in this city, and who is a strong friend of General Case’s, will bring for- ward hisname as democratic candidate. We also learn that a State Convention has been called, to meet the 26th of this month, at Albany. This is done by the old hunkers, or conserva- tives, or anti-Wilmot proviso men, who ere op- | posed by the friends of Mr. Van Buren. How- ever, it is a good deal to have the first foot in the field. If Mr. Polk should not be a candi- date, we should not be at all surprised to see Gen. Cass obtain the nomination. All these movements indicate that Cage will | be a formidable candidate in the Democratic Na- 4ional Convention. The other candidates, Wood- | bury, Bachanan, and Van Buren,will, of course, | do their best in opposition. In this State, the friends of Mr. Van Buren have already thrown a rocket into the camp, and are resolved to oppose | Cars, tooth and nail, because of his rivalry at the last Baltimore Natioual Convention, which was the cause of the deteat of Mr. Vaa Buren’s somination. Prov.iicgacy.—Our amiable .coatemporary of the Courier charges us with “ profligacy,” be- | cause we have warned the community generally | against doubtful or suspected banks. Profli- | gacy, indeed! We never received $52,000 from a bunk, and then cheated it out of itall, except | a small portion. We never got in debt $200,000, and then took the benefit of the act, and cheated our creditors. We never obtained $20,000 | worth of property, and liquidated it with a song. | Profligacy, indeed ! | Growre or tax Crry.—The growth of New York is astonishing. The progress of the city, | out beyond Unioa square, is really surprising | Bat this isnotall. We understand that a large sale of real estate will take e on the 20th, | between the 6th and Sth avenues, and as faras | 2let street, of property belonging to the late Mr. | Kekford Numerous parties are preparing to chase this property, and fo build onitat once. | will be the limit to the extent of ae York } Socrery in Naw Yorr—Bats, Pantizs, &c.— One of the most interesting characteristics of society in the metropolis of the western world, isthe custom existing among the young men and women of giving entertainments,in the form ot balls, parties, and social meetings, of various kinds, in the’ winter; and in summer of giving target excursions, fishing parties, sailing parties, and many other amusements of the same nature. Io no other city in the world, do we believe these social entertainments are indulged in to such an extent as they are in New York. The “upper ten,” or the aristocracy and wealthy classes, give their musical soirées, their reunions, and their parti but they are marked with a coldness and frigidity which is never seen at the balls and entertainments of the classes of New York society te which we refer. Whilst the one is marked with stiff, cold formality— whilst each person attending them depends upon his starched up dignity, and considers it de- rogatory to the same to indulge in any fami- liarity, or to participate too eagerly in the plea- sures of the evening—the balls and parties we speak of are directly the contrary. All is life, animation, and vivacity. The hearty and joy- ous laugh is heard over the apartment; the dance is maintained to alate hour, and joy and glad- ness prevail thronghout the entertainment. If there is a difference in this respect, there is a greater difference in the personal beauty of the ladies who attend them. In this respect, the balls of New York can challenge comparison with the entertainments given by the aris- tocracy. It needs but one visit to one of those balls, or other social gatherings in the winter season, or to one of the fish- ing, or pic-nic excursions in the summer, to satisfy any one,ethat if we can produce tobacco, cotton and rice of. the vest quality, we can algo produce women of the greatest beauty, in face, features and form. The frequency with which these entertain- ments are given, is another point worthy of re- mark. Ourtable is encumbered with tickets of invitation to them, and we should think on an average that there are not less than three given every night, from the first of November to the first of April. After that month, there is gene- rally a lull, or a calm, which is availed of to prepare for the summer season, when amuse- rents of another kind, but on much the same principle, are indulged in till winter again comes round. This isa characteristic of New York, which we think has been sadly overlooked; and we mean hereafter to devote more attention to it than we have hertofore done. Descriptions of those balls, graphically, but truthfully written, would, in out belief, be a very interesting department of city intelligence ; and, in order to provide it for our readers, we have made arrangementsfor reporting them very often, and shall accordingly despatch some of our corps of reporters on ball reporting missions, during the remainder of this winter, with directions to treat the matter ina scientific, philosophic, and graphic style. The same amusements are indulged in by the people of Paris, and other continental cities; but in the beauty of the women, in the elegance of their manners, orin their accomplishments, they cannot be compared to those given in New York. The same remark can truly be made as regards the men. In fact, it is our opinion, founded on observation, that that portion of New York so- ciety who indulge in these entertainments, do credit to New York, and would do soto any city, and embrace the handsomest women and the finest men to be seen together in any part of the world. Financta, Powgr or Mexico.—The financial power of Mexico is considered an open question among the politicians and the newspaper writers. Many doubt the capability of that country to yield any reveaue for the support of the Ameri- can army, now in possession of the capital. We have had an opportunity of examining tables, fur- nished on the authority of the Mexican govern- ment, showing the condition of the Mexican treesury for many years, down to 1844. A curi- ous copy of this work was kindly furnished us by Colonel Burnett, of the New York Regiment. We have already published several important facts from that work, on matters connected with Mexican finance, and believe we have, already, in another form, given many of the de- tails contained in the following table, taken for the years 1824 down to 1840 :— Recerrts anv Exrenpiturss or tHe Mexican Trea- nom THE Year 1824 ro 1840, norm ixciv- Receipts. Expenditures. $ $17.066,437 17,066 438 9720.71 13 848 267 : 11,640,737 11,610,737 12 815.009 12.815 009 12 200 020 12,200,020 17 256 882 17 256 881 16,338 £60 16,875 960 19793 464 19.798 464 26 478,509 26 528 509 18.477 797 13,477 982 95119 597 25119 597 27 618 877 19,886 306 By this it these years the receipts amounted to nearly twenty-eight millions. It is very evident that, under a proper administration of the finances of Mexico, our government may be able to support the American army in that republic, as long will appear, that during many of as it is necessary to maintain it there. It is even said, thet there are thirty millions of specie now ready for exportation at the several mines in Mexico, belonging to the English and German companies who own them. Probably it is with reference to this amount of specie, that we hear of an expedition being sent towards these mines by the American commander. Mr. Catmoun ann THE Heratp.—The friends of Mr. Clay, in Kentucky, or some of them, whose zeal ran three lengths ahead of their dis- cretion, took us roundly to task for a telegraphic report of the speech at Lexington, in disobedi- ence of orders. Mr. Calhoun recenily made a great speech in the Senate, of which our report- ers sent us, by lightning, a daguerreotype impres- sion. We learn from our private sources, that in con- versing with a gentleman on the enterprise of the Herald, especially in the matter of that epeech, Mr. Calhoun said: ‘ Yes, sir; the editor is an enterprising man. It was truly a wonderful en- terprise. I have not had time to read the report, but I hear it highly spoken of. Such enterprise, sir, must alwayscommand success. AndI hum- bly think that the more rapidly the truth is dis- seminated the better. My views are my convic- tions. We stand on dangerous ground. We must pause, or we may repent too late. We are on the verge of the greatest dangers. It will re- quire all our efforts to avoid them.” This isthe right view of the subject of the Herald’s enterprise. We have Mr. Calhoun’s authority, that it must always command sue- cess.”” ee ee Goop News ror THe WasHeRwomeNn.—We un derstand, from good authority, that the receivers of the Plainfield Bank have “screwed their courage up to the sticking point,” and are deter- mined to accept the offer of the Messrs. Beach, and deliver upall the assets of that institution, aod that ail the outstanding circulation will be paid in gold and silver. Negotiations will be commenced in a day or two, and we troet they will be successful. This is good news for the washerwomen of New York. Tur Sreasers.—No tidings yet of the Wash- ington or the Missouri. They are now in their ninteenth day at sea. The Cambria, with ad- vices to the lat inst., will be due on Saturday. Tar Irattan Orrna.—The opera of “Lucretia Borgia” was brought out last night at the Astor Place Theatre, before the wost brilliant assem- blage of beauty and feshion which has yet been seen within the walls of that establishment.— The style in which this opera was given, we shall reserve for another opportunity. Benedetti and Truffi received much applause—but Madame Rossi is a poor substitute for Madame Pico, whose rich and splendid voice cannot be equalled in the contralto, by any vocaljst in this country. Indeed, she is equal, in many respects, to Alboni. But what singular ups and downs are to be observ- ed in the attempt to make the Italian Opera perma- nent in New York! On Monday evening “I Pu- ritani’” was performed to the thinnest house we have seen during the season. In short, if we look over all the portion of the season that has passed, we shall find that the full and the thin houses have been pretty equally distri- buted. The comparative success of the Opera, so far, has been such as to shut up the Park, to cause a reduction of prices at the Broadway, to demolish the legitimate drama in New York ; and yet the Italian Opera itself is but half estab- liched. Thus far, its success must be more at- tributed to the subscibers than to the manage- ment. Ridiculous blunders have repeatedly been committed by these managers, from the begin- ning of the enterprise, to this day, every now and then. Their stupidity has been only remedied by the constant attendance of the subscribers, whe, composing the very élite of the city, have brought all the crowded houses which have on any occasion graced the house. We hear, also, that it is reported that ‘‘ Leonora”—a feeble attempt at an opera made by a young amateur of Philadelphia a few years ago, and which failed there—is about to be brought out at the Opera of Astor Place ina few weeks. This will be ano- ther great mistake of the management. From a multitude of the best operas before them, they refuse to make any selection, and are going to give us a ridiculous production, which has been pronounced upon, several years ego, in Philadel- phia. When will the managers and their advisers learn common sense and common prudence ? Brack Mat..—The following is the other do- cument relative to the distribution of the hun- dred dollars sent to us by some of the Opera eople :— Poth New York. Hononasiz Wm. V. Brapy, M ware ee the City of N. York. ly Dean Sin :— I take pleasure in acknowledging the reeeipt of your note of 7th instant, enclosing $50, and in which you state that Mr. Bennett, Editor of the New York H-rald, has forwarded to you the sum of $100, to be distributed among such charitable associations as you should selcet Permit me, in the nene Che tee ere — of fea) ha nagers, whom I represent as treasurer, jurn y¥ in- cere thanke for having selected the Orphan Asylum in Prince street. ‘With high regards, Your obeaient servant. PETER McLOUGHLIN, Treasurer. After this, let the orphans sing a song to Bene- detti. - Marts ror Evrorg.—The steam ship Caledo- nia will leave Boston on ‘Saturday next. Her mails will close in this city at 3 e’c ock to-mor- row afternoon. The Herald for Europe will be ready to-morrow noon. Jan. 10th, 1848, ‘Theatrical and Musical. Parx Toeatae.—The pleasant weather we had last evening. sfter the intense cold which has frozen up our good city for a few days past, had the effect of thawing out a very large audience forthe Park, avd everything went offas well as it has done since the opening of the circus season. Nobody (save prehaps the horses,) says nay to the goings on at this house; and though it is per- baps, somewbst of a reverse to the legitimate drama to be thus triumphantly ridden over on its own yet, the full houses and cbeering appearance ze. of old Drury, under the present rrzime, recencile any regrets which m’ght arise on this scors—snd ‘if the horses carried th e day, wby it is some consolation to know that most brilliant circus treupe in the ave on previous occasions particularized most prominent of the performers; we say. that the perfection cf circus riding now to be seen at the Park. Cuassty's Mixstrers.—The cry isetill they come, with thesetolks. ‘They truly enjoy the patronage of our most reapectable citizens, aod though they bave been so wonderfully ‘ul, they have not become at }, 28 will happe! On the contrary, they are more assiduous than ever to sup) their great reputation. They are a great band ofel rs. Nothing in the same line of amusement bas ever succeeded so well in this city. Broapway Opron.—We found quite a full houseat this little box last night ; it is a desirable place of amuse- ment, and we doubt not, will flourish for many a day to come. It is situated just right to acoommodate the pro- menaders of our principal street ; and from the popular nature of the entertainments given. one visit to it in- duces many others. The Model Artists are as punctual as ever in their performances. Lywve’s Musicat InLustrations or SHaKsrraRr — Thesecond of a series of these illustrations will be given this evening at the Female Academy, Brooklyn. The subject is the beautiful play of the “ Tempest.” We remember how favorably this part of Mr. Lynne’s se- ries was received here in New York, and can assure our Brooklyn aeighbors, that it forme a most graceful and elegant evening’s entertainment, particularly as it is rendered by Mr. Lynne and his associate artists, Miss de Luce, Miss Leach, Mr. Arthurson, and Mr. 8. L. Leach. Tue SteverManxiscue Musicat Company, will give their seventh concert this evening at the Tabernacle They are now highly appreciated by the pu licas the large audiencen they draw, testify. Their performances are novel and singulsr, and we believe they will, ere long, become famous throughout the Union. MavaMe Avousta ap in the beautiful ballets of an bula”” She is doing well, and will likely continue to perform there for the entire week. We wish her suc- cess, Yankee Hill was at Cincinnati, and about to commence ‘an evgagement, on the 8th instant. Miss Wemyss is playing a successful engagement at the National Theatre, Cincinnati. “Zampa” was produced in very good style by the Se- guin troupe st Boston, on Monday night, beforea large audience, and repeated the next evening with increased success. Marine Affairs. Fast Saitino Vessers.—This matter is becoming one of unusual interest. We have received the following on the subject :— Mr. Bennett :—It strikes me that ‘Bert Bower” and “ Yorkshire’ are both wrong in their statements. if B B_has reference to the trip the Herald mede in November, 1818, I know he is wreng, for | was in Boston at the time when she arrived; and having made a p: asge with the captain of the Herald in the * Liverpool Packet,” which he coramanded in 1516, I felt an interest in his success. and so remember the circumstances, which are the following: — ‘The Herald, on leaving Cape Clear, took the wind at N. by E.,and did not ttima sail until she made the ght on Cape Ann, which was 14 days and 6 hours from the time she left Liverpool. Soon after she made the light, the wind shifted to the West, and did not get ‘up to Boston till the 17th I also think that “ York- shire” js wrong and unfair in taking the actual oo | dis- tance from Boston to New York, and calling it three days; oneands half. | think, js nearer the truth,and that a vesrel which goes 10 knots an hour, would zo from the one to the other in 36 or 40 hours. Jostead of taking the whole distance between New York and Boston, “ Yorkshire’’ ought to have taken the difference of the distance be- tween George’s Bank and Boston, sod George's Bank and New York, aa that is the diverging point for the two porte; and that isthe fair differenco that veasels tor New York have to sail, over and above those that go to Boston ‘The difference from George’s Bank to New York, I me to be 1 to 14 days’ sailing et the me- dium rate, and not three days. M. Lauxcu —There will be Inunched from the yard of fb this day, at2 «clock. eet in length, built for Naugatuck Travsportation Co, to ply between y aod Derby. Conn. She will be commanded by Captain George Deming, lung and avora‘ly known as an efficient aod gentlemanly commander. on the eastern route. Her machinery, which is of the most approved style of modern construction, came from the foundry of Messrs. Pear. Murpby & Co , foot of Cherry st, E'R., and when finiebed will undoubtedly reflect credit upon the owners, as well as constructors. Gen. Frorgs.—In looking through several ex tracts from South American papers, copied into Havana journals, we see that the presence of Gen. Flores so near the South American Republic is causing great uneasiness. From Kingston they say he will be able to hold frequent and, close communication with Ecuador, and although New Gresada will not allow him to cross the Isthmus, still his proximity is deemed suspicious, and it 18 feared will Jead to disturbances in Ecuador.—N. O. Picayune, Jan. 1. Faom Jamaics.—By the errival of the brig. Speedwell, we have been put in pe ion of datesirom Kingston to the Ilihult. | They eon- tain hitde that would be interesting in this quare ter. The Coolies appear to give a great deal of trouble. They wander about the country in large numbers, and in a complete state of vagran- ey ond destitution. They are idle and vicious, and have proved a complete pest tothe planter, N. O. Comanercial, Jan. 5. | INTELLIGENCE BY TELEGRAPH. Soe LATER FROM SANTA re. Proceedings in the Congress of New Mexico ANNEXATION FAVORABLY CONSIDERED. OUR MANIFEST DESTINY. Mortality in the Ilinois Regiment, | ke. de. de. Sr. Lovis, Jan. 12, 1848. We are in possession of nineteen days later in- telligence from Santa Fe, which states that Capt. Augery waselected Speaker of the House of Re- presentatives, and Antonio San Dival, President of the Senate, of New Mexico. Governor Vigil sent in a message of not much interest. A bill has passed authorizing the election of delegates, to take into consideration the annexa- tiorf of that country to the United States. General Price arrived at Santa Fe on the 17th ult.,and constituted Governor Vigil Civil Go- vernor of the territory. There were 68 deaths in the first battalion of the Illinois regiment, since they left home. Ice running thick in the river, checking up navigation; hence no transactions in produce of importance. FROM MEXICO. &e., dic, dic. Wasuineton, Jan. 12, 1848. The overland express brings papers from New Orleans of the 5th. They announce the arrival on the 4th of the steamer Fanny, from Vera Cruz 24th ult. Capt. Henrie came passenger, with a number of others connected with the army. The Fanny brings nothing later from Vera Cruz. She stopped at Tampico and the Brazos. We have papers from Tampico to the 25th ult., and the same date from Matamoras. No news. Col. Carazo, of the Mexican army, arrived at Matamoras on the 23d. The Flag of the 25th, says it is understood that a considerable train is being prepared, and from general appearances, and the expressed opinion of government, there was every reason to be- lieve they would shortly have more activity on the line throughout the valley of the Rio Grande. Mall Arrangements. * Wasurneton, Jan. 12, 1848. The Postmaster General has decided that let- ters to the officers and seamen of the navy, as well as the army in Mexico, and on the Mexican coast, or the frontier, are free of postage, under the !aw of the last session. Mr. W. N. Iselan has been appointed American Mail Agent, to receive, at C.uwes, or Southampton, the mails from our steamers for France; and also to re- ceive the Havre mails for the United States, for the purpose of expediting the mail both ways. Mall Failures. Pererssurcn, Jan. 12, 1848. The New Orleans mail of the 8th inst., failed to reach Mobile in time to come North with the mail from the latter city, of the 6th.§ Steamboats, &c. Burnt. Pawapetrusa, January 12, 1848. Two steamboats, the Jewess and Wolcott, and two schooners, were totally destroyed by fire last night, while lying at their wharves in Balti- more. The Jewess belonged to the Norfolk line, and was about starting with the mail, which was fortunately saved. tid Phish INTERESTING DEBATES IN THE SENATE, SPEECII OF MR. DICKINSON, OF NEW YORK, ON THE MEXICAN QUESTION, AND OF Mr. Clayton, of Delaware, ON THE TEN REGIMESTS BILL, de. dic dee THIRTIE tH CONGRES!. FIRST SESSION. Senate. Wasnixaton, Jan, 7, 1848. PETITIONS FOR PEACE, After the transaction of the ordinary business of the morning, several memorials and petitions were presented, among which were several from the States of Ohio, Maine, Massachusetts and Indiana, praying Congress to withdraw the troops from Mexico, and for the immedi- ate termination of the war. One was from 2931 Unita- rians. MEXICAN CLAIMS Mr. Sxvien,from the Committee on Foreign Relations, reported a joint resolution to ascertain the amount of claims due American citizeos by Mexico, with an amend- ment, the object of which is to prevent government be- ing bound by the resolution forthe payment of these claims. THE LATE EXPLORING EXPEDITION. Mr. Yours, from the Naval Committee, reported a bill for the relief of officers of the late exploring expedi- tion, OUR RELATIONS WITH MEXICO—THE EXTENSION OF TER- RITORY—SPRECH OF MR. DICKINSON, OF NEW YOR! Mr Sevien moved thatthe resolutions of Mr Diokin- son, of New York, relating to the war with Mexico, te taken up, which was done. They are as follows : — Resolved, That true policy requires the government of the United States to strengthen ite political and com- mercial relations on this continent by the annexation of such contiguous etd l | as may conduce to that end, and as can be justly obteined; and that, neither in such acquisition, nor in the territorial ization thereof, can any conditions be imposed, nor institutions provid- ed for, or established, inconsistent with the right of the people thereof to form a free sovereign State, with all the ree and privileges of the original members of the con- jeracy. Resolved, That in organizing s government for a ter- ritory of the United States, it will best comport with the principles of self-government, upon which our federative system rests, and that the true spirit and meaning of the constitution will be best subserved, and ths confederacy strengthened, in leaving all questions concerning the do- mestic policy of such territory to the legislature chosen by the people thereot. Mr. Dicxrnson then rose, and read from a manuscript copy in his hand, his views on the subject. We are admonished, by the peculiar exigencies of the times, of the policy of strengthening our borders: by their extension; by the necessity of interfering to arrest the officiousness of intermeddling European powers —of the course for us to pursue with regard to Mexico; and the course we intend to adopt, ought to be at once de- olared to the world. We had been driven by her pro- vocation to the ultimo ratio of nations. We had taken and occupied her towns, her cities, and her capital; but she still refuses all terms of adjustment. We are left, therefore, to the alternative ofa tribunal of our own choosing, and toa decision upon the ample indemni- ties which we have a right to demand; and whether Mexico should treat or refuse to treat, the indemnities due to us would, of necessity, bring up the question of the acquisition of territory. His resolutions did not bring the question of slavery before the Senste. That subject was left where the Constitution had left it—with the people of the territories to be admitted. Of course, the acquisition of territory was bitterly opposed; but #0 it was with Louisiana and Florida; and cries of dieunion were then beard. as now. If there were no explicit provisions in the Constitution regarding the an- nexation of foreign territories, it was because its founders did not contemplate our early growth and rapid expansion. He said the course of | empire was westward. From a population of 3,000,000, we had reached 20,000,000; from thirteen States, we now numbered thirty; all the result of free institutions. And the time would come when our population would number 100,000,000. New territory was now before us, which we were to subdue, and bring into the curele of our free institutions. Ws were destined to have one | pert of a free government. What hasbeen her pro- gress? When our population was 3,000,000, hers wae 5,000,000; we now have 20,000,000, she has 8,000,000.— She bas become ruined under misgovernment. If we do not have her, we may expect to see some member of the houge of Bourbon placed overher. If we secure her rich mines; if we secure her from European influence; if we seoure the passage over the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, bringing the mouth of the Columbia within three weeks of New Orleans, then nothing can exist that would cause alarm or fear for the permanency of free institu. tions on this continent. In this question—the exten- sion of territory—we present to the nations of Europe, not the dismemberment of Polend, to establish a despo-” tism ; we only overturn ® monarchy to establish a free government ; to secure to the people the rights they de- serve ; to secure to them what they own. The conquest of the whole of Mexico is the only alternative at present, unless she will make a peace upon the termsrecommend- ed in the message from the President. The people of those States—California and New Mexico—will desire to derive the same benefits enjoyed by the inhabitants of Louisiana and Fiorids, uader the influence of free insti- tutions. Give back California and New Mexico! We might as well give back to Great Britain the colenial Possession which she once held on this continent; as well give back Louisiana; as well give back Florida.— The constitution gives to Congress no power to control the subject of slavery in territories. That section which gives Congress power to make all needful rules and regulations in territories, is not sufficient. Another section givesthem exclusive power over the District of Columbia. It is evident that in the section which gives Congress the power to makeall needful rules and regula- tions over the territory of the United States,the word ter- ritory is used in its material sense, and not in its political sense. The several acts of Congress upon this subject over territory, has been stated as proof of the power of Congress—but he thought,without sanction. The spirit of the ordinance of 1787, had been incorporated into territorial government; but itis not just. That, Mr. Madison said, was passed without the least consititu- tional color or right. The Missouri compromise act could not be quoted as ani ordinary act of legislation.— ‘The whole spirit of our laws was for organised princi- ples—that all sovereignty rested with the people, and not with the government. For Congress to legislate upon the domestic institutions of the people inbabiting territories, would be unjust. It.would be giving the States of New York and Massachusetts, and other At- lantic States, the power and right to eontrol the do- meatic institutions and affairs of the peeple of Oregon, Minesota and Nebraska. If this was the case, then the theory of the sovereignty of the people would become ® fable. It isonly based upon the same spirit which gives to the few a right to hold the destinies of the many in their control. It is the offspring of that same principle which dreads the extension of our territorial limits, and looks with ‘holy horror upon the naturalization of foreigners. It isthe result of a bigoted and narrow minded principle—a distrust of the people ; and experi- ments have shown that the people in the far distant Jands, where the population is sparse, are as fully capable of governing themselves wisely as in the more thickly populated States. Outbreaks and violence ogainst law had taken place in populous cities. From this he infer- red that the people would be as careful to protect the liberties of the nxtion and themselves asapy other. Mr. D. then bounded away into the fields of poetry, philoso- phy and romance, and concluded with a sublime demon- siration in bebalf of the extension of the area of free- dom. Mr. Yuree, of Florida, offered an amendment, recog} nising the control of slavery as belonging to the people at large inhabiting a State or Territory. Ordered to be printed. Mr. Hate, of New Hampshire, proposed a substitute for wholly prohibiting human slavery within territories in the United States, obtained by conquest or other means, Ordered to be printed. THE TEN REGIMENTS BILL. On motion of Mr. Cass, of Michigan, the Ten Regi- ment bil was taken up. Mr.'C. Crarron, of Delaware, resumed his speech from yesterday. He exhibited the eum of the indemnities due from Mexico to be $6 291,605, as had been laid be- fore the joint commissioners; $2026 240 were allowed ’ and about $1,000,000 had been disputed, subject to an umpire, or— Mr. Wenster here remarked that Mr. Trist was au- thorised to treat upan the basie of $3,000,000. Mr. Cravtos accepted the information, and contend: that so far from these indemnities being a cause of the war, they were in process of payment when the war be- gan; and the President had declared the war as begun by the shedding of American bleod upon Ameri- can soil; but now, from the utter prostration of Mexico, there was no necessity of more trozps. He read from Gen. Scott’s reports,to show how com- pletely Mexico was down. Gen. Scott had declared, be- fore he left here, that give him a column of 5000 regu- lars,and he would whip any Mexican army that could be raised, if it rained Mexicans for a week; (immode- rate laughter,) and he had made his word good. As to the prosecution of the war for indemnity for the past and security for the future, I do not know what it means; but I suppose indemnity for the past means one half of Mexico, and security for thetuture means the other half. (Long and continued laughter.) Ourcon- stitutional fethers contemplated government of jus- tice—not the vindication of claims founded on a love of conquest and pluvder. He read from a New York paper, an extract, to show, that the annexation of Mexico was already becoming a formidable question. 50 000 adven- turers were now in Mexico, who demand the protection of this government; and the proposed increase of the armny would be adding so much to an armed emigration, which, if admitted,it will be impossible to resiet. Already they were talking of arailroad from Vera Cruz to Mexico, and the magnetic telegraph at Tampico. (Roars of laughter.) He was opposed to this absorption of Mexico. If any gentleman was for it, he wished to hear him now. He warned the gentlemen of the South, that the incorporation of the colored population of Mexico would destroy the institutions of the South. They will control our elections to their destruction. As tothe revenues of Mexico, being suf- ficient to maintain the army, General Scott seys that they are nearly annihilated; then you cannot by any process support your armies from the resources ofthe country. The vast increase of our expenses al- ready threatens, a financial revulsion. He went on to show that with the troops going down, there would bs 50,000 in Mexico. Why, therefore, send down 30,000 more men to be fed and clothed? He earnestly argued againet the bill. It would add 540 officers to the execu- tive patronage cf the President pending a war. He proposed to allow two-thirds of the Senate to mal peace without his assent; but it was not deemed neo sary, because the means of supporting the war were at the discretion of our national legislature. The chairman of military affairs had thrown down the gauntlet, and said that an attack oa the administration respecting the war, could be easily repelled. Very well; now wo shall seo, Mr. Clayton then took up the bloody history of that murderous ruffian, Don Antonio Lopes de Santa Anna, and bis free pass by authority of our President into Mexico, end his desperate and persevering efforts to prolong the war, and demanded if the Senator could explain this business to the country, so as to relieve the President. Now, if the Senator can easily repell that, he shall hereafter be my Magnus Apoilo, Mr. ©, dwelt with great force against the idea of taking territory by corrcion from Mexico, and was in favor of purchasing what we may desire, without infringing on her natioa- ality. Mr. Burien would movs to recommend the bill,with « view of amending it, #0 as not to create any new regi- ments, but to add to the companies already in the field. He thought i time to enquire whether we shall accede | to all the President shall ask. He would give bis views | to-morrow. ‘The Senate then went into Executive session, and shortly afterwards adjourned. House of Representatives. A LIST OF CLAIMB. The motion pending yesterday, to recommit to the Comm'ttes of Claime, the resolution relative to the pre- peration of an alpbabetical list of claims, was adopted, with an amendment to ascortain the cheapest and quickest mode of furnishing it PAIVATE BILLS Bills of a private character, frou standing committees wore reported by Mesers. Daniels, Crowell, Thomes, grand, great, free republic, reprerented in one hall; and | the whoie valley of the West would be under one great government. We wore unlike any other government that had ever existe, andit is not right to institute a | comparison between us and any military republic that has heretofore existed, We would have one great go- | vernment resting ou wang plilees, eset giving beauty | and strength to the edifice, ‘The present condition of | this continent cannot long exist, if the British subjects | continue to be ruled by a distinct cabinet. Mexico will | not long continue to be ruled by military leaders and idioulous pronunciamenior, This is as apparent now, as it wae before the war, She is now ready to become @ Dunn, Thibodeaux, Flournoy, Grinnell, Coliamer, Pat- man, Duncan, King, of Mies , Giddings, Holmes, of 8 C., White, Schenok, Stanton, C. J. Ingersoll, Rhett, Sylvea- ter, Lawrenos, Donnell, Fulton, and Thompson, Va. ‘They were all read twice wad referred to the Committee of the Whele, MILITARY APratns Mr. Bovo, from the Military Committee, reported a Dill to amend the act of last session for raising a milita- ry force for a limited time, PROMOTIONS IN THE NAVY, ETC. Mr. Kixe, from the Naval Committee, reported « bill thorising certain promotions in the naval service, and