Subscribers enjoy higher page view limit, downloads, and exclusive features.
NEW YORK HERALD. th-west Corper of Fulton aud Nasauu ats, JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR. ote Taft per near Oper ennummin the, Onttes European rubscribers, $14 per annum, including tore riders, dy steamship, $5 per annum, inclu ‘Vor EUROPE—Every Steam Packet D Scenes per cory—s per symm, including post of posta “Nor S exclusive Ke scriptions and ad- we | be recerved by MM Galignani, 18 rue ; PL oxmona: Cornhill, and John ke EC TOENTLAL HERALD—Bvery Tuesday—One ar For the Compas n. NTs (new every morning) oi rea en ina plain, legible manner — responrible for errorein manuscript. ikinds executed heauesfuciy and with ers at the Publication Office, corner of u streets. ARS by mail. for subdseriptions, or with to be post paid, or the postage will be de- m ihe money remitted. NTARY CORRESPONDENCE, containing 08, solicited from any quarter of the world— n ways be Liderally paid for. NO NOTICE can be taken of anonymous communica- +, Whatever is intended for insertion must be authenti- a by the name and address of the writer; not necessa- cily for publication, but asa guaranty of his good faith ' ¢ comnot undertake to return rejected communications ALL PAYMENTS (o be made in advance. AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. ¥ PARK THEATRE—Sanvs, Lent & Co.’s American Circus, 10 ther veriogs eutertainments—T'wo perform ces, Via, at 236 and at 736 P.M. BOWERY THEAT ry —Poon GENTLEMAN— Myscenixs of OppreLtowsmir—Stn act or Ricwarp Ll, CHATHAM THEATRE, Chatham street.—Love. Law axp Pursic—Tiont Rore Daxerno~Movet Axtists— Dronama—E£tH10rian Metopists. BROADWAY ODEON, Broadway.—Sinaina—Ven- TRILOQUISM—MoprL Artists. 1A NICS& HALL, Broadway, near Broome —Cuarw TRELS, KrwioPIAN StNGina, Buruesque Dancy ra, Re. PANORAMA HALL, Broadway, neat Houston —Ban- VaRD's PANORAMA OF THE Mussissivet Riven, at 3 and 7 P. New York, Wednesday, January 12, 1848, fi Advertisements received for one insertion only. ‘The Electric News of Yesterday. The news received last evening by the electric res, from diffrent parts of the country, con- ti tion of public affairs. At Washington, Mr. son, of Maryland, continued his speech in enate, before one of the most brilliant au- nat has been assembled there during the ession. He has been terribly severe on lr. Polk, and on Mexico; in tact, we don’t know whether he cuts up Mexico or Mr. Polk most severely. He says Mr. Polk commenced the war ridiculously—without a sufficient force; and in this, he is not far from being correct. The debate was continued, after Mr. John- son finished his speech, by Mr. Clayton, who delivered his sentiments, in part, in opposi- tien to Mr. Johnson’s views, and also by an oc- casional remark from Messrs. Cass, Badger, and Crittenden with more excitement, more warmth, and more storminess, than any that has taken place during any period of the session. This debate is assum- ing great importance, and will involve, betore it passes Congress, all the great issues of the pre- sent day—the Presidency included. A number of «ther Senators are preparing, as we learn, to explode on the same subject—the ten regiment bill—that being merely a vent for a general ex- plosion from every quarter. that willbe, we cannot tell. The most impor- tant speeches yet to be heard, are those that may be expected from Mr. Webster and Mr. Benton— all others can be known before the Senators will have opened their mouths. The other news is very important, particular- ly that from the other side of the Alleghany Mountains. A steamboat has exploded on the Ohio river, killing twenty men and one or two women, and scalding others; and almost at the acme time ata hundred nile eratic convention in Colum effort to nominate a candidate for the Presiden- cy, by putting up the name of Cass, 287 to 22.— Thie isa most important movement by the de- mocracy of Ohio, and it will place General Cass | in the van of the candidates before the national convention. It is now probable that he will receive the votes of all the Western States in the convention, although he may be opposed by Penn- sylvania and New York, Mr. Buchanan’s friends contributing their quota, as well as the support- ers of Mr. Van Buren in New York. Neverthe- less, it seems now highly probable that General Cass may be the democratic candidate, and that he will combine all the influence of the adminis- | tration, with that of his own, from the West. The great popularity of General Taylor has, un- doubtedly, driven the democracy of the Westin- to the support of General Casa, who has likewise @ military reputation to enable him to be a very good candidate before the people. If the whigs | should nominate Mr. Clay by their convention, the chances of General Cass will be very good. The condition of things at Washington is re- presented to be confused, perplexing, and excit- | ing. The different parties in Congress are un- settled and unsound. Mr. Clay has commenced his operations; but the magic of his name and the extent of his influence, seem to be lost. In fact, the power of intrigue and combination, | which, for forty years past, seemed to concen- trate itself in Washington, previous to every presidential campaign, is nearly on its ‘last legs. + The electric telegraph, by which every popular movement a thousand miles distant, in every di- rection, can be centralised in New York each morning, and thrown back on Washington énd every part of the country the nextday, with the public opinion of this great metropolis on it,will be the means of producing one of the most ex- traordinary revolutions in the action of popular governments that could be conceived. truly in the midst of a revolution—a political, social, and every other kind of revolution— which has been brought on by the electric telegraph. The different State conventions throughout the country, can communicate their impulses by electric telegraph, to New York and Washington, at the same moment d produce an effect on Con- gre re, similar to the positive and nega- public ¢ tive forces of electricity on the atmospherical phenomena. The New York Herald has been « first fo notice this new aspect of the age, to popular Presidential elections, and to the go- vernment of a free people, through conventions, Congress, and the press. ‘Tue Sreamers.—Nothing yet of the Washing- ton, from Southampton, or the Missouri, from Cherbourg. The first was to have sailed on the 1 1; but probably did not leave before the 25d, or perhaps not then he jatter was advertised for the 23d. The Cambria, from Liverpool, for tis port, | is now in her twelfih day. Jensey City Freny.—We are glad to perceive Bourd of Aldermen, on Monday eve- passed a resolution forbidding the renewal or giving leases to ferry companies in the same manner in which it hus heretofore been done. We look to the Board of Assistants to concur with the other Board in this motter Sociat. Live in New Yorx.—On an average, there are twenty or thirty social balls given every week, at different places in this city, by our respectable young men, to the young women We mean to give descr eur columas Se ues to be very interesting, in the present posi- It is expected that the debate will be continued to-day, Mr. Clayton having the floor, The House will be equally animated when it gets to them; but when 8 distance, a derno- us, explodea in an We are | it forth into action, and apply it to the | | graphic, elegant, and agreeable | sue of the leading ones, hereafter, in| year, The State stocke of New York are the | H. Haswell; Chief Engineers, Joho Faron, jr. ‘The Election of General Tayior. The popular movement to elect General Tay- lor to the Presidency, begins now to take a prac- tical form, so as to encourage the hopes of ulti- factions and proposed conventions of whigs and democrats. We will state the condition and prospects of Gen. Taylor up to this day. In Alabama, large masses of people, heretofore composing the two parties there, of whige and democrats, have abandoned the old organiza- tions, and united together in calling a State convention, which was to have been held at Montgomery, in that State, on the 8th instant. This convention was to’ have met to nominate an electoral ticket, pledged to give Gen. Taylor the votes of Alabama for the Presidency. This ticket is already nomi- nated, although we have not yet received the intelligence. Gen. Taylor may, therefore, now be considered distinctly as in the field for the next Presidential election. The next important movement was in the State of Virginia, and took place among the whigs of the legislature of the ancient Domi- nion. The whig members of the Virginia legis- lature met voluntarily, and expressed their pre- ference for General Taylor, and at the same time warmly recommended him for nomina- mate success, even inspite of two organized | twelve or fifteen years past, that the cause of Religio-..€rcgriss of Liorality and Truth. It is a consoling rection to the moralist, the philanthropist, and thé man of true piety, when he reviews the history of the United States for rational and moral religion—the same which was first promulgated in the sermon on the Mount, by Jesus Christ—has made such favorable pro- gress, and has attained euch a signal triumph over bigotry, intolerance, and immorality, under the name and cloak of religion, as it evidently has. Within the time we speak of, we have seen Mormons and Shakers, and Free Enquirers, and Philosophical Enquirers, and Rationalists, and Fourierites and Associationists, and Perfec- tionists, and Infidels, and followers of Paine and Volney, and we don’t know how many more, arise and proclaim their doctrines in various parts of the country, by day and by night, in the wildernesses of the West, in the highways and byways of the country, and in the thoroughfares and market places of our chief cities and towns. We have seen them unblushingly proclaim and preach their unsound and demoralising doctrines in public, and advocate them in every possible way, publicly and privately, for the purpose of gaining proselytes and furthering the cause to which they were severally attached. We have seen them publish journals devoted to the spread of their doctrines, and waging war tion by a national convention. They also took steps for calling a State convention, which we learn is to be held on the 28d of next month, for the purpose of nominating an electoral ticket pledged to General Taylor.— This isa second distinct, and practical move- ment, favorable to the hero of Buena Vista. LThe next, and an equally im; ortant movement, is that in Pennsylvania. This popular move originated principally among those who call themselves democrats, though the great mass of the whigs, also, in that State, are favorable to General Taylor. A State convention was here also called, which isto meet at Harrisburg on the 22d Feb. forthe purpose of nominating an electoral ticket, pledged to give their votes, if elected, to General Taylor, for next President. These are all distinct practical movements, without reference to national conventions—ex- cept in one modified instance, that in Rich- mond—whether whigordemocratic. Thispolicy has been adopted entirely by the natural im- pulses of the popular mind, without any design or secret process set on foot by intriguers or politi- cians. We believe that the system thus adopted by accident andchance, rather than design, is the best method of bringing forward Gereral Taylor with success, before the people of this country. Let the people ofevery State in the Union, without reterence to the proposed nominations of caucuses in Washington, or national conven- tions any where, organize in each State a sepa- rate State convention. Let every such conven- tion nominate an electoral ticket, and then let the people go to work and canvass for that for the next ten months, and on the election day give the majority to that ticket. This would be the best plan. If the whigs as a party will nominate Taylor, no harm; but if they are determined to nominate Mr. Clay, let them do so. If the demo- crate as a party are determined to nominate one of their own candidates, let them do so. General Taylor, by this practical process—the nomination by State conventions of electoral tickets before the people—will come out of the contest, we believe, victorious and triumphant. Such, then, being the best practical view of conducting the canvass of Gen. Taylor, forced upon us by the natural impulse of the people, in three of the greatest States of this Union, we really think the people of the State of New York ought to adopt the same policy, to come forward at once in the shape of a state convention, and nominate an electoral ticket pledged for Gen. Taylor, without paying any regard to any nomi- nations from any other quarter. If the people from every county of the State would send their delegates to the Tabernacle on the 22d February, dsc ital Ma and the whole business completed fora Let, therefore, all the friends of Gen. Taylor go to work and eflect a nomination, as we have de- scribed, by State conventions, and our word for | it, we shall hear nothing of national conven- tions, or of any of their doings. This was the mode in which General Jackson was first carried by the people into the Presiden- tiel chair, Every State took him up on its own hook, on its own responsibility—he was the j nominee of no national convention or exclusive | party. Nine monthsare before us; but by means of the telegraph we can now do as much work in nine months as could then have been done al- | most in nine yea: Be up and doing. a ae i Easy Puszication or Documents—Tue Comp- | TRoLLER’s Rerort.—Our exquisitely pious contemporaries, the Albany Evening Journal and | the New York Journal of Commerce, threw up their eyes the other day in holy horror, at the wickedness which we perpetrated, in publishing | the Comptroller’s report ahead of all other jour- | nals, and in endeavoring to procure an early co- py of the Governor’s message. They cried out, | bribery and corruption, awful wickedness, atro- | ‘cious conduct, &c. &c. &c. | Nowmark their ownconduet! We understand | from the Daily Advertiser of Rochester, and also {rom the admissions of the Evening Journal itself, that our contemporary in Albany, entered into a secret and private arrangement to commu- nicate the Governor’s message through the tele- graph, to certain favored parties in different parts of the State, one day before it was delivered to | the Legislature, and excluding other parties.— | We also learn from our contemporary in New ) York, that he had a copy of the Comptroll- er’s report, received privately from the printing office in Albany, several days before it was | delivered to the Legislature. hose editors get very angry with us, not for any thing else but merely because we attempted to anticipate them, and hence all their noise about bribery and cor- ruption. Now what is bribery and corruption ? | It1s our business to collect information useful | tothe people; we run expresses, pay the tele- | gtaph, compensate reporters, for collecting this information from all quarters. The public af- opolis, and an influence om) fairs of the legislature, or of any other legislative | body, as well as those of the Executive, in this | country, belong to the people. Every document, letter or correspondence, that may exist in the | Execntive department of the State of New York, ought of right to be published the next morn ng after it is received, and made known to the people of the State. There ought to be no pri. | Vacy, no secrecy, in respect to any of the papers, connected with the public affairs of the State or nation of freemen. If we can get hold of that correspondence, belonging to either the city or the State, we conceive we have a perfect right to publish it, as matter of interest belonging to the public; and we hereby give notice, that as | soon as we cun procure any thing, and every | thing, on public matters, we shall publish it next morning, provided it be of sufficient interest to induce us to do so. | New Yorx Caxats.—We give our readers, to- day, the highly important report, for last year, on | the canals of this State. This document pre- sents one of the most successful systems of en- terprise that was ever attempted, or ever euc- ceeded, in any country. The annual revenue of the canals now reaches nearly three millions of dollars. With such an income, it is probable the whole debt of the State will be liquidated in ten or fifteen years, or less; for it is most likely that | the revenue will increase, perhaps not so fast as it has, but it will increase every succeeding best in the world, . against the tenets and principles of the Chris- tians of all denominations, with the avowed purpose of breaking down Christianity, and using the most abusive and violent lan- guage as their weapons. While, however, these several infidel sects were waging a crusade against the Christian religion, the Christians Two Ex-Parsipenrs 1m New Yorx aT once. —Ex-President Van Buren, of “ illustrious pre- decessor” celebrity, and ex-President Tyler, of per se notoriety—the one from the shades of Lin- denwald, and the other from the tobacco fields of Virginia—the same State which, we are in- formed, “ never tires,”’—are, at present, in our goodly city, where they have been for several days past. Mr. Van Buren stops at the house of one of his political friends, in the upper and fashionable part of the city, ina splendid palace, which may have been erected from the proceeds of the spoils of Mr. Van Buren’s administra- tion ; and Mr. Tyler stops with his relatives in Lafayette Place, of the same neighborhood. The occasion which brought these distin- guished personages to our city, was, it is said, the grand ball on Monday evening last, given by the Tammany Society, in celebration of General Jackson’s victory at New Orleans, the cotton bale scrape, as the whigs term- ed it in the first Presidential canvass for Van Buren. It is certain, however, that Mr- Van Buren attended this ball, and was evidently highly pleased, and in good spirits, with the de- corations of the room, the arrangements, the oc- casion, the company, and most of all, the beauti- ful and charming ladies who graced the scene with their presence, and to whom Mr. Van Bu- ren was extraordinarily polite and affable. He amused himself very much during the evening, chatting with the gentlemen, indulging in re- miniscences of the past, talking of every thing but politics and politicians, and admiring the beauty of the charming angels of the softer sex, who tripped it on the light fantastic toe to a late hour. themselves were engaged in persecuting and quarrelliag among themselves. We have seen the professors and preachers of one deno- mination rise up in their pulpits, and denounce, in language obscene and disgraceful, all others with whom they disagreed on minor, and, in many instances, immaterial points of doctrine; and most especially the Roman Catholics, of whom all others are but offshoots. In the Christian journals, too, we have seen the most bitter and violent controversies conducted, and argument and reason, and moderation and cha- rity,¥abandoned, and violent denunciation re- sorted to for the purpose of convincing their opponents of the falsity cf their religious prin- ciples. But what a change has taken place! The Mormons are dispersed and. scattered over the continent. Since the decease of their leader and prophet, Joe Smith, they have been, to all intents and purposes, extinct. Fanny Wright no loager preaches her infidel doctrines in public. The Free Enquirers—the Rationulists, the Perfectionists, and the Infidels, of all classes—are hushed. “The Fourierites and the Associationists are at their last gasp. The Shakers dave diminished in a remarkable degree, and the small remnant which is left of them are held together more by a community of personal and worldly interests, than by their re- ligious principles. The followers of Puiae, too, have virtually ceased, and they wou'd be entirely forgotten, were it not that they annually cele- brate the anuiversary of his birth-day by a beli in thie ci:y. The organs and other publications of these different sects have died with them, and, while we ueed to see a dozen or more of those prints, we now see not one. This change is one at which all truly religious and rational pecple must fee! gratified; but how much more delighted must they feel at the change that has taken place in the demeanor and conduct of the Christian sects towards each other. We no longer hear the Protestants de- nounce the Catholics in the ebusive strain in which they formerly did; we no longer see the hand of every persuasion lifted up against them, and their hand lifted up egainst all others. Their differences are discussed more in a Chris- tian temper, and more with a deeire to elicit truth, than formerly; they have been brought ¢n@ather hy the nrocresaive and tolerant spirit vf the age; and the more they see and mingle with each other, the more they are satisfied and con- vinced that in all sects and all denominations of Christians, there are good and truly religrous men, and in their doctrines much to be admired and cherished. The more-they see and under- stand of each other, the more they like and respect each other, and the bitterness, hostility and prejudice which their distorted imaginations conjured up, are dissipated and dispelled, on intimacy and clese connection. This revolution and change cannot but be hailed with emotions of pleasure and satisfac- tion by all levers of rational and true religion; but how has it been accomplished 1—by what means or instrumentality ? It has been effected, in the first place, by the disconnection of Church and State. No religion having a preference by law, each and all,had to depend on their own ex- ertions to increase and extend. To do this, con- troversy and enquiry have been necessary; and the result ef this enquiry is what we now see— tolerance and charity, where before was bigotry and prejudice. The most recent, as it certainly is the most extraordinary, evidence of this spirit of toleration and charity, was evidenced at the dinner given at the Astor House the other day, by the descendants of the Puritans, at which— at the head table, sitting side by side with the most distinguished guests was Bishop Hughes, Roman Catholic prelate! Aye, and more than that, the Sovereign Pontiff of Rome, the head of the Catholic Chureh, and the spiritual head of all the Catholics in the universe, was toasted at that same dinner by those same Puritans; and our friend, Bishop Hughes, Roman Catholic prelate, holding authority and office under the Roman Pontiff, responded to such toasts, in the midst of New England Puritans, at a semi-religious anniversary of the Puritans We have seen, too, the same prelate invited, whenhe was in Washington, by the most dis- tinguished of our citizens, of all creeds, to deli- ver a sermon in the hall of the House of Repre- sentatives in that city, and we have seen Sena- torsand Representatives of the American Con- gress, stateemen and politicians, of all parties and religious creeds, crowd to hear it. Would such an invitation have been extended to a Catholic bishop ten years ago? It certainly would not.— Such is the I'berality and charity which charac, terise the followers of the Christian religion at present. How different the spectacle to what we have seen a few years since! We do claim, however, some credit to the in- dependent prees of the United States for encou- raging and bringing about this happy change.— ‘That spirit of enquiry which we stated had its origin in our institutions, which encour ge free trade in religion and morals, wae fostered, en- couraged, wn led and directed by the iree and independent press. The Herald has taken the leed inthis movement. We have reported and published, from time to time, and will continue to do ae, sermons and lectures, and religious discourses, of ell sects and ali creeds, without note orcomment, except wien we consider it 98 partot our dnty,7e a prinito and ind pendent journal, to denounce and condemn their illibe- rality and unfairness. Our insti ations, and the free prees, have, therefore, accompli hed those desircbl+ results, whieh are a hoppy accompani- ment to the improvements in the arts, the sciences, aud every thing else which peculiarly characterise the nineteenth century, and the United States, above all over nations in the world. | Navar.—A board for the exam‘nation ot can- didates for admission into the Engineer Corps of the Navy, is now in session at the Navy Yard, Brooklyn. Members—Engineer in Chief, Chas, We cannot gather from the official report of the evening’s proceedings, whether ex-President Van Buren danced or not ; we are inclined, how- ever, to believe, that he did not. Dancing, by politicians, rather a hazardous and dan- gerous recreation. Mr. Van Buren, no doubt recollects that a few years ago, a certain personage, holding high office in this city, fairly danced himself out of it, in the most modern Polka style; and he probably thought, that were he to dance at the ball, he might dance himselfout of all chances for the next Presiden- cy. We, therefore, think Mr. Van Buren did not dance on Monday evening at the Tammany ball. So much for Mr. Van Buren; while he is amusing himself ogling the pretty girls, John Tyler is at the old fun of writing letters. He cannot keep his pen from the inkstand. The latest effusion of his was contained in yester- day’s Journal of Commerce; and lest it should be lost to the world, we herewith insert it inthe He- rald, thereby enrolling it among the archives of immortality. Here it is:— To tue Evitons or THe Journat or CoMMERCE,— Anartiole in the Evening Post of Thursday has, by the merest accident, fallen under my observation, in which my name is connected with # political associa- tion, represented as existing in this city, presided over by Mr. Towle, and sustained by a broker, whose name is not given. It is alleged that the object of this associa- tion isthe support of Gen. Taylor for the Presidency, and that I have occasionally sesisted at ite meetings. if this solely affected m: , 1 should treat it with the silence which 1 have habitually observed in regard to such fabrications; but its purpose and true design yl to injure another, by connecting my name with his, feel myself impelled to say, that so far as am concerned, the article in the Evening Post is without the least foundation in truth. I arrived in this city a few days since,on a visit of an entirely social character, and have notseen Mr. Towle, nor other person connected, 80 far as my knowledge extends, with any political associa- tion of avy description. If any such association as that alluded to exists, | am wholly ignorant of the fact. Having now relieved General Taylor from the um- bi which partisans might take at any advocacy, active or eats of his claims on my i , 1 will further sey that I am wholly unconnected with the pclitical in- trigues of the day,and cloak myself under no secret movements whatever. When the time arrives for re- cording my preference as an independent voter, be- tween the persons who may be presented to the country for its suffrages, 1 shall do so with reference solely to considerations of public duty But I will not permit politicians, a tribe that I heartily despise, to by trickery the injury of another through me; it is quite ens that I myself should have suffere: from their hi jous arts. 1 cannot close this notice without saying a word of Mr. Towle. ife held office by my sppointment, and discharged its duties. ‘bat reasons led to ‘Isewhere to my- place: under my owledge myself in- the tradi, accomplish was wholly Alagracetul defal tie frequently occurred in former times. sengetemnes oro Saturdey, January 8, 1648, It is really unkind for people to be continually e- “0 JOHN TYLER. ‘Waat 1s Tux Postrion or Catrronmial—An- other, and a great country, commanding the Pa- cific Ocean, is now already added to the im- mense dominions of our immense country. Not, let it be supposed, unnecessarily added, for as the terrific Atlantic bathes our shores on the eastern side, so it seems proper and requisite, in order to give compactness to the whole, that an- other great Ocean, the Pacific, should form the boundary and the limit of our western domain. Thus we have no power, no foreign people, no separate nation between us and the great wes- tern ocean. On one side, we look eastward, and send out our ships from our eastern harbors to old Europe and her various people. On the otherside, we look out towards the west—a wide prospect—and shall, from our ports and harbors there, soon send our ships and vessels to old Asia, and populous China, and wealthy Hindostan.— What a wonderful contemplation! What a destiny seems already to dawn upon and await the American people! And yet among us all, and among our fathers, who went before us, not one can look upon another and say, ‘ Thou didst it.” ‘Though man has, indeed, in every- thing, been the agent in bringing it to pass, he has been, as it were, an unconscious agent ; and we may well say, that this great destiny of this great people is the work and performance of the Power that shapes the end and destiny of all the human race. Instead, therefore, of becom- ing blinded by pride and self-conceit, and boast- ing ourselves beyond our due, let us learn to be wise, and to consider ourselves as only per- forming a part allotted tous in the great drama of approaching ages. But a truce to these mo- ralizations. al IMPORTANT FROM WASHINGTON. Gen. Scott recalled from Mexico. MISSION TO ROME. Wasntneron, Jan. 11, 1848. An important cabinet meeting was held to-day The sitting was protracted till 4 o’clock this afternoon. The discussions on the army were the princi- palsubjects of deliberation, It was finally deter- mined that General Scott should be recalled, and a messenger will leave here on Thursday mora- ing next, with orders to General Scott from the War Department, to return home as speedily as possible, and to report himself in Washington. The command of the army devolves on Major General Butler, as second in rank to General Scott. The other officers involved in the dissensions in the camp, will, as a matter of course, return home. The sub-committee of the House committee on Foreign Relations, to whom the subject of the mission to Rome has been referred, will report in favor of sustaining the rank of Resident Min- ister for Chargeship, in every case in which the litter would exiet under this Government. Wasuineton, Jan. 11, 1848. General Kearny has published a card, declar- ing Colonel Benton’s assertion of having frown- ed him down while in court, false ; and that he will prove it, and defend himself. Mr. Clay is to preside and speak at the meet- ing of the Colonization Society, on the 18th in- stant, in the hall of the House of Representa- We have got California—our people are filling it up—our industry is vivifying it—our agricul- ture is beginning to turn the rich soil to good ac- count—our commerce is beginning to carry there, preductions, goods, luxuries and conveniences never known there before; and now, being mas- ters of the country, what can be more fit and pro- per, but that we should kaow something more about it, and become familiar with a country which promises soon to be one of the greatest, and richest, and moet flourishing of the States of our Union? In order to accomplish this de- sirable end, and make our readers here, on the eastern boundary of our world, a little more familiar with what is doing and what has been done there, on the remote wes- tern boundary of our empire, we have published, from time to time, an ample store of selections of all kinds from a series of Californian journals received at this office. These journals are really curious and interest- ing specimens of the almost miraculous, sudden rise of a new nation, as it were on a spot of the world, till now unheeded and possessed almost exclusively by the wild deer, the ox, and the buf- falo. All of a sudden, a nation has sprung up in this wild theatre of desolation. Civilization erects her standard, towns and villages arise, newspapers, elegantly printed, are spread abroad, and the literature of New York and London . spreads open its attractive pages in the late rude wilds of California! It is passing strange ! It is a phenomena in the history of civilization ! But a few months ago we heard there was such a country—we sent out a governor—our enterpris- ing people flocked thither as to a land of promise; and now, in an incredibly short time, it is be- come a nation of American people, a branch of the great tree of American planting, a root which has spread itself widely and irresistibly into those distant regions. We should hardly have fallen into this train of thought and remark, had it not been for these newspapers which have come to us from California. Indeed, nothing is so calcu- lated to give a vivid conception of what we have risen to be in California—of what we are already there—and of what we are going to be—as the sight and perusal of these newspapers. One is entitled The Californian, the other the Califor- nia Star. In typography and general appear- ance, and in paper, they are fully equal to many New York, Boston, or Philadelphia papers; in oe- lection and managemet they are quite as good as many of them; and in talent, taste and judg- ment of editorship, they are even superior to not a few of those nearer home. This speaks referring to John Tyler. It is quite unnecessary, too; for that once distinguished man, whom the steamboat left on the wharf—lady,trunk and all— has long since ceased to possess any influence, for either good or evil. We really believe Mr. Ty- ler when he says he is wholly unconnected with the political intrigues of the day, and especially that he has no connection with an association or- ganized for promoting the elevation of General Taylor to the Presidency. We are convinced of the fact; but not more so than we were before we read his letter. The two ex-Presidents generally thaw out about eleven o’clock in the morning, at which time they may beseen promenading the publie streets, Broadway in particular. Tux Pirots Acain.—It might be supposed that the prejudice and rancor with which the pilots of New York have been persecuted for ten or twelve years past, would have subsided or died out, long before this—that there would eventu- ally be a termination to the abuse which has been so freely poured on them for that period; that that energetic, hard working, and death-daring class of people would be allowed to follow their dangerous occupation, without the malignancy of their enemies being wafted after them by every breeze, and following them in every gale. Not so, however; in the estimation of their persecutors they have not swallowed the cup of bitterness—they are yet to drain it to the very dregs, and they are to be annihilated—they are to be persecuted to the death, to satisfy the spleen and malignity of their enemies. We are sorry to see our respected contempora- ries- the Courier and Enquirer and the Journal of Commerce—still allowing themselves to be made instrumental in carrying out the designs of those malignant enemies to the pilots. In their issues of yesterday, they reiterate the stale charges that were made against the New York pilots at the time of the dreadful ship- wrecks, a few years since. Those calamities were attributed to the New York pilots, falsely and wrongly, as has been since abundantly proved. Ina moment of excitement, Congress passed a law highly injurious to the pilots; and it is to repeal that law, and obtain the rights which they were unjustly deprived of by the passage of that law, that the pilots are now en- gaged in. And who are those who instigate these jour- nals to persist in their attacks on these praise- worthy and energetic men? They are the segar- smoking p‘ople—the loafers of the insurance companies—the men who cannot bend the pilots as they would wish—the same who sit down and smoke their segars around comfortable grates, when the pilots whom they abuse are batiling with the elements, and out at sea fifty and a hundred miles, seeking the weary mariner, to bring him into port, regardless of their own safety—never Tsaviad th0 vessel in their charge as long as a plank holds together, and freely otiering up their lives when, in spite of human aid, their vessel is wrecked and lost. 5 It is time these foul aspersions were ended—it is time the pilots were restored to their rights; and we hope they will be restored by the present Congress of the United States, in spite of the per- secutions of their enemies and opponents. Tar PLatnrinip Bang Aq@ain anp AGAIN When will the receivers at Newark be feady to accept the proposition made to them, and pay and Win. Sewell, jt, the public for the broken bills in their hands, of this defunct institution 7 volumes as to the progress and advancement of our people in that distant region. Mr. Cray 1n Wasxinoton.—The arrival of Mr. Clay in Washington is more than an ordi- nary event. The presence of that distinguished man in the metropolis, will have a remarkable bers of Congress and parties at Washington, so far as concerns the next Presidency. Of this we think there can be no doubt. Mr. Clay has al- ways been in the habit of directing and controll- ing, and imparting new movements and impulses to those who call themselves his friends. He is of an imperious, uncontrollable temper— must have everything his own way—and we have no reason to suppose that he will easily resign his pretensions to General Taylor, or any other candidate. When General Harrison was nominated, nearly eight years ago, Mr. Clay was loud and indig- nant in his accusation of those by whom the movement was made, and against all his friends. He will now endeavor, no doubt, to make arrangements better and firmer than formerly, for the next great election. .It is said he will remain two or three weeks in Washington ; much curious matter will trans- pire in relation to the election during his sojourn there. We shall endeavor to collect intelligence, and communicate it every morning, by means of telegraph. Mr. Clay and his friends may do what they please in organising conventions of a national character ; but, according to all appearances, the people have taken the matter into their own hands, and are determined to elect their own man in their own way, without regard to caucus or convention, whether by whig or democrat. The ball is set in motion, and who can stop it ? INTELLIGENCE FRoM Havana —We have re- ceived files of the Havana Faro Industrial and Diarro de la Marina to the 24th ultimo. Quite a severe shock of an earthquake was ex- perienced at Santiago de Cuba, about the 10th of December. No damage, however, was done.— At Neuvitas, the inhabitants were in ecstacies at the advent of an omnibus among them, which was about to commence running from the city to the railroad depot. We find some items from Venezuela in the Ha- bana papers; they have all been anticipated here, however, by direct arrivals from Leguayra. Those parts of the President’s message which refer to the relations between the United Srates and Mexico, are translated and published in the Faro Industrial, without any comment, however. The Italian opera company are still singing at the Tacon Theatre, Since our last accounts they had produced, in addition to the other ope- ras of,the season, ‘‘ Lucia di Lammemoor,” and_ the critics speak well of the performance of it. Lorini and Valtellini, both well known here in New York, are highly commended, and Senora Cirartegui, the young Cuban, is also well spoken of. The patronage extended to the opera in Ha- bana is very great, and it seems that the proprie- tor or manager makes money fast by it. | West’s picture of Christ healing the sick was attracting such crowds that the exhibitor ha powmnenet his departure for Matanzas, in order to allow all to have time to view this splendid painting. s * ‘The general news from the Island is bel at tant, and the accounts from various quarters o} tives. He has at present taken up his quarters with Mr. Gale, of the National Intelligencer, and Mayor of the city, where he will remain during his stay here. General Scott’s recall is doubted on good authority. Mr. Trist is expected to arrive here soon from Mexico. Mr. Webster will speak on the war question. An interesting debate is expected to follow the close of Johnson’s speech. Movements of Mr, Clay. Wasuineton, Jan. 11, 1848. Mr. Clay visited the Supreme Court room to- day. After 12 0’clock and until 4, his room at the United States Hotel was thronged with visiters, among whom were Colonel Benton, Judges McLean and Wayne, numerous officers of the army and navy, Senators Miller, Dayton, and Webster, and many senators and represen- tives. This evening he attended the wedding of the niece of M. M. Bodiece, at the residence of the latter at Georgetown. She married Mr. Williams, a brother of Mrs. Bodisco. The party” was a most brilliant affair. To-morrow Mr. Clay receives visiters. Owing to the throng, he will receive visiters only from 10 till 12. On the following day, from 10 to 11, as he is to be engaged in the Supreme Court. All are agrec- ably surprised at his health and vigor. Conviviality at Washington. Wasuineton, January 11, 1848, P. M. e drawing room the White House is 1 this ing. The lady of the President, 7 at c Y Cc alker, and the various heads of depart- m are in the height of their zenith. FP cht hundred invitations have been issued for th dding of the niece of M. M. Bodisco, Wii-): takes place to-night. This is rathera large effect upon the movements of the different mem- | assemblage. There is also another large collection at the residence of William Carroll, Clerk of* the Su- preme Court. Conviviality is the order of the night, and sreaybouy appears disposed to make the most of it. Elections in Pennsylvanta. Purtapetenta, Jan. 11, 1848. In Pittsburg, the whig candidate for Mayor has been elected by 89 majority. The whig Mayor has also been elected in Al- leghany by 165 majority. Nomination of Gen. Cass for the Presidency. Puitapecrnia, Jan. 11, 1848. We learn by a telegraphic despatch from Colum- bus, Ohio, that the democratic State convention of that State has, by a vote of 237 to 22, nomina- ted Gen. Lewis Cass, of Michigan, as a candi- date for President of the United States. Later from Texas. Pererssvra, Jan. 11, 1848. The overland express from the South brings papers from Mobile of the 6th, and the New Orleans Picayune of the 4th and 6th — The Picayune of the 4th announces the arrival of the steamer Yacht on the 3d, from Galveston. The Legislature of Texas was in session. The House met on the 13th, whena quorum appear- ed. Various impertant measures were introdu- ced into the Le; ture. Nothing decisive done. Another Terrible Explosion. Cincinnati, Jan. 11, 1848. The steamer Blue Bird barst her boiler near Galliopolis, Ohio, on Saturday night last, about one o’clock, in the midst of a snow storm. The lower deck sunk immediately. There were about 75 passengers on board; 20 lives were lost. There were six ladies on board, only one of whom was lost. The pilot was thrown on the shore, a distance of near one hundred yards, and escaped with a slight bruise. The passengers, who were in bed at the time of the explosion, lost all their baggage and clothing except their sleeping apparel. Before relieved, the cabin floated eight miles down the river. The passen- gers were mostly from Kanawha and Galliopolis. The cause of the explosion undoubtedly arose from the defective character of the boilers, which had been in use nine years. The Weather. Hartrorp, Jan 11, 1848. The weather this morning is very cold. The mercury is 6 degrees below zero. Avpany, Jan. 11, 1848. The weather has moderated to-day, and the wind is now blowing from the southward, with a prospect of snow. —— INTERESTING DEBATE IN THE SENATE; Speech of the Hon. Reverdy Johnson. dic. dec. dee THIRTIETH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION. tee Bee aMiNOTON, Jan 11, 1848, MEMORIALS AND PRTITIONS. ‘After the transaction of the usual morning business sovoral memorials and petitions were presented. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. i ‘The Vice-President cemmunicated the report of the Secretary of War on the application of the contingent funds of the department. THE MEDICAL STAFY OF THE aaMY Mr. Cass, from the Military Committee, reported a bill to Increase the medical staff of the army. THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES. Mr. AsHver, on , introduced a bill to amend the judiolal system of the United States. Road twice and referred. LETTERS OF GENERALS TAYLOR AND SCOTT, Mr. Davia submitted a resolution calling on the Presi- dent to communicate certain letters from Generals Tay- lor and Scott, on the subject of forced contributions in Mexico. Lies o7 CORRESPONDENCE OF MR, TRIST. Mr. Bapwin offered a resolution calling on the Presi the interior represent every thing going on as usual, in peace and quietaess. Far, ©. Laughlin, Esq , of icontucky, pointed Professor of Commercial Solenow Aity of Californie. has been ap» in the Univer dent for the correspondence of Mr. Trist, while commis tioners to negotiate a peace, during the armistice Inst aa THE EDITORS OF THE UNION. Mz, Mason's resolution for admitting the editors of