The New York Herald Newspaper, January 11, 1848, Page 2

NEW YORK HERALD. North-west Corner of Fulton and Nassan sts. JAMES GORDON SBNNETT, PROPRIETOR, DAILY HERALD y day, (Sunday included.) Price 2 cents per copy—8) 2 per annum—in the United States Evwropean eudscribers, $1 per annum, including he postege PRERLY ding the pos: HERALD rs —Frice be cents per copy—B per annum, incinding post. ne, or $3 2% exciusive of postag’ Sul ements will be receved by oe 3 P. L. oxmond. PREST. aL TERALD—Every Tuesday—One Dollar for the Campaign, SOFERTISEMENTS (new every morning) at rea ble prices; tebewritien ina plam, legible manner — The p oprietor not responsible for errors in manuscript. PRINTING of ali kinds executed beautrfuity and with despatch. All orders at the Publication Office, corner of Fulion and Nassau streets :iLL LETTERS by mail, for subsorptions, er with advertisements, to be post paid, or the postage will be de- ducted from the money vem tted. VOLUNTAKY CORRESPONDENCE, containing wmperiant news, solicited from ~ quarter of the world ona if used will always be liherally paid for. : NO NOTICE can he taken of anonymous communica- hatever is intended for insertion must be authentt the name and address of the writer; not necessa- blication, but asa guar ‘ cany ALL PA LD= Beery Seturday—Pric Feo eee tae Ontink Peete op. $5 per annum, inclu HE $3 af his good faith. eatone undertake to return rejected comm Y¥MENTS to be made USE PARK THEATR Cireus, in their vari BOWERY TH Carrain Kyp-Kis CHATHAM THEATER hatham street.—Sr. Crain or tHe Istes—Mopet An ‘16HT Rore Daxcino— Dionamas—Erniorian Mevopiets. American eiforminces, TRE, Bowery—Tue StRanorn— THe Dank, BROADWAY ODEON.—Sinaine—Daneine=Vertar LoquisM—Mopei. Aatist MECHANICS’ HALL, Broadway, near Broome-—Canie tre VinsTeevs, Ermiorian Sinoing, Buatesaus Danc- ua, ke. PANORAMA HALL, B: way, near Houston.—Ban- yanp’s Panorama ov THE Mississipr1 Riven. TABYRNACLE—Styenmangiscns Musican pasy’s sixrH GRaxp ( oNCERT. Com uesday, January 11, 1848. a Foreign News, The steamers Washington and Missouri are now over due; the Cambria will be due on To Our Subscribers. Our subseribers who may be served with their papers ata late hour in the morning, will please take into consideration that we aim to give all the news by telegraph and the mails, to the latest moment, before going to press; that our circulation is very extensive, which, with our present press power, we cannot get off till late; and that in the course of a short time, we shall have our new machinery in operation, when our subscribers and the public will be served as early as they may desire, every morning. Highly Important News by Electric Tele- graph. We received, Inst night, highly important news by electric telegraph, from Washington, Albany and other distant points of the country. That from Washington is deeply interesting. An explosion has taken place onthe Fremont court martial, of a most amusing character. A disruption has broken out in the whig party in the Senate, and, more than ali, Mr. Clay has arrived in Washing- ton, and has been received by Mr. Botts—made another great speech, and probably slevt in the same bed with the honorable member from Vir- ginia, last night. Our accounts up to the latest moment last evening, at Washington, represent every thing there as tending to excitement, con- fusion, uproar, turmoil, and terror, in the ranks of every party—democrata and whigs—which we take to be a favorable omen of the success of the people in the next Presidency, under the mantle of General Taylor’s name. The most important piece of news is the dis- tuption of the whigs in the Senate, and the elo- quent and important speech delivered by Hon. Reverdy Johnson, of Maryland, who, as a re- presentative of the whigs of that State, goes the whole figure for the Mexican war, beginning, middle, and end, with a postscript, or appendix, ofany length. In our columns to-day, will be found a most admirable report of Mr. Johnson’s speech, which it appears he committed to writ- ing, but which will be read more easily, and understood much better, in the telegraphic re- port in this day’s Herald. The effect of this speech will be great in Maryland. It will even shake the nervesof Mr. Clay, who must have been in Washington in time to hear it, and was proba- bly inthe Senate atthe time it was delivered. We understand thet other members of the whig party are determined to take the same position as that taken by Mr. Johnson; yet the disruption ofthe whig party consequent on the eloquent speech, bodes no good for Mr. Polk, or to any other of the old hacks of party or faction. The speeches that take tha: position merely indicate | the temper of the age, and the disposition of the public mind to throw offal! party trammele, and come out on the ground of principle, nationality, | and great end sublime measures. Another important item of news is the last | and most splendid speech of Mr. Clay; and sin- gular enough, this distinguished statesman, great orator, and profound logician, did not in- terpose his veto to prevent his being reported through the telegraph for the Herald. This speech we designate as the most sublime effort of that distinguished man; for it is generous in its tone throughout, without being personal or abosive of any party orany men. Unlike his Lexington speech, he has not had an opportunity, in this instance, to speak in one way and report hims n another. This is something in favor of the truth and accurgcy of the telegraph, at any rate The next piece of news is in reference to Mr. Benton. His denunciations of General Kearny, one of the noblest and purest spirits of the army, | and the explosion of the court martial into ite original elementea, may amuse the public, and have a tendency to prevent more ridiculous ex- hibitions of the like kind. Henceforth, and for- ever, thall consider Senator Benton the lieutenant general of courts martial. Another striking item came to us over the wires from Albany, to the effect that the House of Assembly have agreed, by a vote of 108 to 4, to pray Congrees to prohibit slavery in all te:ri- tory that may hereafter be acquired. But one of the most important pieces of news received last night, is the account of the proceed- ings of the State Convention at Harrisburgh, for the election of General Taylor to the Presidency. The people of Pennsylvania are in ection on this subject. They have called a State Con- vention on the twenty-second of February, for the purpose of nominating an electoral ticket, and thus go regularly to work, to give the hero suena Vista the popular vote of that State for esidency. Why can’t we, in this city and te, take a lesson from the plain Dutchmen ct we Peonsylvania, on this subject? Could not dele- g ites from every county be induced to meet the people of this city at the Tebernacle, on the twenty-second February ensuing, and then and there agree upon a State electoral ticket, fa- | voruble to the elev 4 General Taylor, in this S » aod thus take the wind out of the sails of both the whigs and the democrats t Thus we go. The interest, the excitement, the importance, of the movements now going on in this country, and which are traasmitted daily and hourly by electricity to this office, present a | miracle of apeople and anaiion that must aston. ish the very angels in heaven Loox ovr ror Squvatis.—We learn that Mr. Fillmore, the new Comptroller, intends to over. | haul all the benke of the State, in the most searching manner. 1R EUROPE—Every Steam Packet Day | ‘The C:tds.The Wor with Moexieo..The Presidency. The country isin the midst of a very impor- tant crisis. The war with Mexico, the Presi- dential election, and the quarrels »mong our military men, begin to have a most injurious effect on the complexion of public affairs and the course of general business. Itis now settled, beyond doubt, that General Scott, und the field officers under him, have got into a quarrel that will demand their recall, and the probability of more courts martial. Indeed, according to the most recent intormation, Gene- ral Scott has been recalled, a court martial has been ordered, and Generals Pillow and Worth, and Colonel Duncan, including General Scott, and a whole array of officers, will be paraded to the world, in a new form and shape to that in which they have appeared during the last twelve months. These things will have a very injuri- ous effect on the position and power of the Ameri- can army in Mexico. lt may encourage another attempt by the scattered troops of Mexico, and bring out fresh efforts of their discomfited gene- rals to recover their lost honor. While this view of things oppresses the mind, as regards our affairs with Mexico, we do not see that we can derive mueh comfort from the aspect presented at Washington, or throughout the country Our leading statesmen and politicians are quarreling about the Presidency, and that with the greatest bitterness of rivalry and ambition. The three most powerful intellects of the nation— Calhoun, Clay and Webster—are all united, and committed, in opposition to the further prosecu- tion of the war, and against al) steps, and all results, looking to conquest or annexation, con- nected with the two recent brilliant campaigns. The moral influence of the speeches and course of these distinguished men, is very injurious to the influence of the American arms in Mexico, or the power of negotiating a peace. The country is also divided at home, between the ri- valries and intrigues of the two great factions— the whigs and the democrats. Congress is torn to pieces by contentions produced by the same combinations. In the midst of this confusion and these disas- trous symptoms, the dav of the Presidential election is rapidly approaching, and preparations are making in every quarter for the success of this or thet candidate, by their different sets of friends To crown all, the government is rapidly Tunning into debt ; the expenses of the war are increasing tremendously ; a pressure is begin- ning to be felt in the money market; feare are entertained of an ultimate suspension of the banks; and none seem to be glad and joyful but the contractors for the government, either in loans or in stores—a specimen of which may be found in the splendid New Year’s liberality of the government bankers in Washington—Messrs. Corcoran & Riggs—in giving generous presents to all those connected with their banking affairs, arising, probably, from the profits and proceedsof. those loans. In the midst of this gloomy appearance of things, the buoyant spirit of the people has indi- cated its determination to elevate a man to the highest office in the country, whose moral influ- ence, talents, and great and sublime simplicity of character, would be able to give us that peace we require, or bring about that arrangement with Mexi-o which might become permanent. These indications in favor of the election of General Taylor, give, however, great umbrage to the po- liticians of the two old parties; and at this mo- ment, intrigues are on foot at Washington and every State capital, to quench, restrain and put down the voice of the people, at all events. If Mr. Polk should be a candidate for the Presiden- cy, and be elected, do we expect any termination to the war? Certainly not. Mr. Polk com- menced the war—we will not say im- properly—but Mr. Polk never thought for a moment that it would last over a month or six weeks, when the first battle was fought on the Rio Grande. He has been led into the conquest of Mexico, step by step, unknown to himself, and arising from his own incapacity either to anticipate or prepare for averting those things which ordinary wisdom might have averted. The country can gain nothing, but lose much, by the re-election of Mr. Polk; nor is it probable that any different hope would be realised from any other candidate of the party of which he isa member. The war party offers no prospect of peace to the commercial interests by giving them the Presidehcy again. The peace party, represented by Clay, Webster, Cal- | houn, or others of that particular position, cannot succeed in reaching the Presidency by any mode of tactics they may assume. The | great mass of the people of this country have | shown a positive determination to support the | war, and bring the country out cf it in honor, | at any and every expense, and against the inte- rest of any faction that may interpose its power | to prevent it. Looking over the whole field of operations in the United States, the condition of the country in regard to Mexico and England, and with re- | ference to the banks and commercial affairs, we are persuaded there is no man in the country whose position, reputation and character give | any chance of success for election to the next Presidency, unless it be General Taylor nimeelt, and he is the only man who, being elected to the | Presidency, could possess a moral influence to | bring about peace and quiet with Mexico for any | length of time. The merchants, and manufactur- | ers, and bankers, and all trading persons in the | northward regions of the United States, ought to | take it into their consideration very seriously, | whether they mean to sacrifice their interests by j adhering to the old factions, and thus give a triumph to the war party, and that class of men who will continue the public expenses and in- volve the country deeper and deeper in debt, or whether they will abandon all their former party attachments, disregard all advisere and directors, and go singly and unitedly for the elevation of | such a man as General Taylor, by whose power and influence the country can be plucked out of the position it is now in, peace restored without losing honor, ard the whole commercial interests | of the nation be preserved from the most dreadful revulsion that ever took place in any trading country. With this view of the position of affairs, and the people rising up in every quarter, declaring themeelves in favor of General Taylor, we think it is right end proper for the people of the Uni- ted States to reflect seriously on the crisis in commercial affairs which is approaching. If they do not, at an early day, take some steps to support the cause of General Taylor—the only man with a chance of election, against the war party—they may rest assured that apanic, a re- | vulsion in commercial affiirs, a suspension of the banks, will be the inevitable consequence of throwing impediments in the way of peace, by not supporting such a man as General Taylor. Tne PLainrieny Bank.—We again eall on the receivers of this Institution, to redeem the cir- culation now outstanding, by accepting the offer of its recent proprietors, or to be condemned by | all honest men in the community. The Legis- | lature of the State of New Jersey will meet to- | day. There are applications for nearly a dozen new banks before that venerable body, and we hope there is honesty enough in the Legislature to take steps calculated to induce or compel the receivers of the Plainfield Bank to do their duty | before it will think it necessary to chartet wy more shaving institutions. We have sent a re- | Porter to Trenton, to watch that body in th | busin 8 Juvatem 1x Enotanp—Bicorry and Ixto.e- RaNce.—At the anniversary of the landing of the Pilgrims, the other day, at the Astor House, Bishop Hughes, in reply to a toast, complimen- sary to the present Pontiff of Rome, declared that he did not know whether he was Giles Scrog- gins or not, for the scene around him, and the circumstances in which he was pliced, impres- sed him withthe ideathat he had lost his own identity. We can appreciate the feelings which induced the Prelate to make the exclamation; | but it seems now, to bea fixed and sober fact, that he is, and was at the very time that he made the exclamation, Giles Scroggins, and nobody else—the Giles Scroggins of the Catholic Church in the United States. Like Giles Scroggins, we are actually begin- ning to doubt whether we are living in the nineteenth century of the Christian era. A short time since, we were confident that wewere. The improvements which mankind are making in the arts and sciences—in civiliza- tion, and in every thing that tends to the promc- tion of education—in steam, by which the ocean is traversed in days instead of weeks, as hereto- fore; in the discovery of the principle by which thought cun be made to traverse unlimited dis- tances in a second of time ; in the science of go- vernment, by which man can govern himself.— All these things, we thought, were the charac- teristics of the nineteenth century, and we were confident that we had the satisfaction of living in an age of the world remarkable for such traits. But we confess we have been somewhat stag- gered in that belief. We begin to doubt, like Bishop Hughes, whether we are Giles Scroggins or not; for if we are Giles Scroggins, we do live in the nineteenth century; and if we are not, no such sentiments, and narrow-minded and illiter- ral views and opinions, which we have read in an article in Blackwood’s Magazine, tor the pre- sent month of December, could be printed and published. It is well known that Mr. Rothschild, one of the celebrated English bankers and financiers, hasbeen recently elected amember of the British Parliament.. Mr. Rothschild is a Jew, and not- withstanding the fact was well known, he was returned. This has given offence to the sticklers of the Protestant Church, as by law established; and visions of ruin, desolation and Judaism in its worst forms, flit before their troubled imagi- nation. From the article in question we quote as follows:— “ Opening the doors of parliament to the Jew, is ac- tually opening the doors of power, and of a power which, if he have a conscientious adherence to his own belief, he must use against ours. Tho question, then, is not of mere municipal regulation, but of the very life of our religion. Religion is the highest concern of hum: - jatence, and the source not only of our immortal but of freedom and Protestantism in their purest form; and to possess it in its freedom, to preserve it with its rights. and to transmit it unmutilated to posterity, has been the great atruggle of ages, and has been well worth the struggle {t is unnecessary to detail here tne espe- olal doctrines of Christianity; but the Jew rejects them all, charges them all with falsehood, and affirms that it would be our duty to both God and msn, to cast them all under our feet. Therefore, we cannot expect apy araistance from the Jew in defending our religion, or fer religious rights, or the national support of that re- gion. But in the legislature there is already a powerful party openly hostile to Protestantism, with many indi- viduals who may be willing to ald that party, though not of their belief. On which side would the parlia- mentary Jew vote? Therecan be no doubt that, if at el! conscientious, he would vote for the extinction of Pro'estantism. ‘we then be justified to ourselves, or our country, in giving the additional strength of a new. opulent, and influential party, to the antagonists of Protestant! J a s ne 4 4 ‘What reason is there to apprehend publio evil from a single Jew. or froma half adozen, at most, in parlia- ment? We remember that exactly the same language was used for the admission of the Papists. “* What herm can be done by letting in one or two Papists? they can never amount to above half a dozen, let them do what they will at the hustings”” Yet their votes and parti- fans now amount to at least fifty! they carry evs \- ject which they determine to carry! and th re crumbled down cabinets like the discharge from a batte- ! In the instance of the Jew the answer is clear. They have the means among them of coming to the hurtings with irresistible force. On this topic we say no more; ‘but every body knowsthe nature of a popular election under the reform bill. z . . ‘We solemnly declare that much as we deprecate papist influence. we think that all its hostility is not to be dreaded the hundred*h part so much as political pawer b hands. There would be no lasy breggadoola, riot of success, pone of the vu'gsr intoxication that goes to sleep after the victory—we should have the steady. sullen, cool antegonism, whose subtlety never slumbere. er - * How can we offer the homegs of either heart or lip to our Lord Christ, when w- give the b'ghest boon within our power. to a sect who pronounce him an impostor? How oan we respeet his religon, when we regard it asa matter of total indifference whether we support its friends or encoursg» its enemies? or how can we deserve to retain the inestimable privileges, alike epiritual and temporal, which we have received from Christianity, when we negligently, or for some personal object, lay them at the mercy of the unbeliever? ‘What ovght England to doat this moment? It ought toteem witn petitions. Its clergy ought to meet, aud g ve their most solemn pledge to resist tnis most fatal in- novation. Its bishops ought to take the lead in those meetings, and instead of waiting to make a useless speech in the House of Lords, come forth and do their duty like men.’’ Now, we.ask, is it any wonder that we find | ourselves in the same predicament that our | amiable Giles Scroggins found himself in at the anniversary dinner of the Pilgrim fathers? | | Have we not as much reason to doubt that we | live in the nineteenth century, as he had reason to doubt his identity, and feel his nose to ascer- tain whether he was Giles Scroggins or not?} We are accustomed to see in that publication, notions, views and sentiments which are abhor- | rent to the progress of the sge—but such a col- | lection of bile, vinegar, malice, envy, and all uncharitableness, put forth under the specious desire to sustain the religion of the Christians, which prescribes peace and good will, and enumerates charity as the brightest of all the virtues, put forth in a country boasting of its superiority over the rest of the world—is, in- deed, eufficient to make us doubt our very existence. And yet the country in which these views are | promulgated, and this insult to true religion is perpetrated, is the same England--the same country which for years has been defaming and ridiculing the United States. The man who! would get up and announce such illiberal and narrow sentiments in the United States, would be hooted at. He would be put down. Yet such is England. Similar contracted views in every department ot life prevail there. The people are as much the slaves of their own created chimeras and prejudices, as the serfs of Russia are the physical slaves of the landed pro- prietors. Oh, what it is to live ina free country! ina country such as ours is! where we have no reli- gion by law established ; where the Jew and the | Gentile, the Turk and the Ghristian, can all assemble upon one platform of political equality; avd where the Giles Scroggins of the Catholic church can sit down at the same table with the Puritans, and virtually drink wine out of the same goblet with them. More Bank Fainures—More Paxic—More Troveie.—Another bank went by the board in Wall street, yesterday. The Northern Ex- change Bank ceased redeeming. See the Money article. Which is the next eustomer ? Narat--U, 8. sohooner Onkahyee, from this port, ar- rived at Rio Janeiro on the 22d of mber, Trircrarnic Movement —A meeting of citi- zens of Brunswick, Clinton county, Mo., was held on Tuesday fast, and resolved that they would give their hearty co-operation in extend- ing « telegraph line from the Mississippi to Fort Leavenworth ; and that the chairman appoint a standing and corresponding committee to “keep | the ballin motion,” till the consummation of the | enterprise. —St Louis, Now Era, Dec. 27. Within a few days, our brokers have had returned to them several packages of paper of the New Haven (Ct) Bank, which they had remitted to New Y The notes—$6—were prononaced counterfeit. They were printed on the original plate, for the 3 andthe impressions are suppored to atoll: It fe almost impossible to discover the The whole issue of five dollar notes of this bao! be rejected by business men.— St. Lows Rep., Dec, 20. Tee New Youx Henaty any tt Teueeharn. ~The wonders and miracles of the present age are increasing every day. The astonishing result which the New York Herald and the telegraph produced last week, has been the talk of aly circles,—of all circl-s, we would say, except that of our contemporaries in this city, who seem to be as much frightened at the affair, as the vul- gar were in past times at the first books printed by Faust and—Mephistophiles. We have brought Washington to the doors of New York, and united the Congress of the United States with the Herald Office, in such a manner that the debates in that great body are circulated every morning, by means of us, from this city to every part of the country, before the other journals ean get them. Even Richmond, in Virginia, a city one hundred miles on the other side of Washington, receives its tele- graphic reports from the New York Herald be- fore it can obtain them from Washington. But this isnot all. We have now established correspondents in a great number of the State capitals of the Union, aportion of which will now be brought into instantaneous communica- tion with our office, by means of the telegraph, and another portion will be within half aday’s communication. The following is a list of the States and capitals now connected by telegraph, with the distances of the several capitals from the city of New York:— Distances States. from N. ¥. City. New York, Meamaboeete, Releigh. South Carolina, Columbia Ohio, Colambus These make eight States which are in instan- taneous telegraphic communication with New York city. The following States are principally: within half a day’s communicatio: Milledgeville. lontpeli This constitutes an aggregate of eighteen States, a majority of all the States of the Union. All of them will soon be put in direct communica- tion with New York, and other great commer- eial cities. Probably, before November next, all the cities of this great country, will be within instantaneous telegraphic distance of this office. By means of the arrangements we have made, it will then be in our power to give information on the next morning, from all these places, upon every movement of importance, connected with State Stocks, Finance, the Currency, or the Pre- sidency. The States Legislatures throughout the Union will determine materially, by their conduct and action, the whole question of the Presidency—whether the future President shall be General Taylor, or some other person Such movements gre most interesting to be known, as well asthe movements going on in Washington—all of which we shall be able to communicate in our columns the next morning after they transpire, rendering the New York Herald the most extraordinary instrument of in- formation and knowledge which has ever been seen in the world. We shall thus bring two- thirds or more of this great country inte immedi- ate contact with New York ; the whole country will act together in all important matters, and on the next morning after the Presidential election, the result will, in all probability, be told on the bulletin board of the New York Herald. We should not omit to say that we are also brought within an instantaneous distance of Montreal, the capital of Canada, so that we can receive intelligence from that capital at any in- stant, and within a moment when the necessity occurs. GenetaL Worta in New Yorx.—During the past week, the names of Taylor and Worth have been put up in the office of this journal, as cand:- dates for the Presideney—one for the whigs, the other for the democrats—with a request that the people should attach their signatures to the calls for two mass meetings for each one of them, as separate candidates for the next Presidency. According to all appearances, the popular feel- ing runs entirely infavor of Gen. Taylor, and this feeling pervades both parties. We have, therefore, come to the resolution, from the aspect of the times, to withdraw the name of General Worth from the canvass, and retain exclusively that of General Taylor hereafter. The mass meeting in favor of his nomination will be held at the Tabernacle on the 22d of next month; and from the present time up to that day, all gitizens attached heretofore to any party whatsoever, may come up and sign the requisition without regard to party. Indeed, we are advised that a great many of the democracy are desirous of putting down their names to the call for such a meeting in favor of General Taylor; but they wish it to be a general meeting of independent republicans, without the name of whig or demo- crat being attached to the call, as its caption. There seems to be a strong disposition among the intelligent people of this city to create a new republican party, exclusively for the election of General Taylor, without reference to former par- ties, or to the hostilities of the old factions which have agitated this city for many years past. Be itso. Marine Affairs, Launcn.—A fine ship, called the Devonshire, intend ed for Mr, John Griswold’s line of London packets, will be launched this;morning, at 10 o’clook, from the yard of Messrs. Westervelt & McKay, foot of 7th street, East River. She is alittle over 1200 tons burthen, and is to be commanded by Capt. Morgan, formerly of the Vio- toria. Swirt Sarina Acain.—We have received another communication relative to quick trips over the Atlantio, It is annexed ;— Mr. Enitor—Ip my communication of Saturday, I did not intend to have it understood that Boston ships were superior, or even equal to the ships cf this city in point of eailing qualities, or any other quality; for it is well . known to every peron who has taken the trouble to look into the matter, that there is no town, city, state, king- dom or principality in the world.that can make the least pretension to rivairy in the art of abip building with the city of New York My object in mentionin; fact of Capt. Fox, of the ebip Herald, (before reported—the New England) wos merely to show that the trip of the lsaec Wright was not “unprecedented,” as you remarked That is all. I was not bragging for the Boston folks; for you well know the Boston folks can do their own boasting, as the finishing of the Bunker Hill monument alone will testify. 1 had also another motive in mentioning Fox's trip, and that was to draw out a statement of the shortest paseages ever made from this port to Europe. and vice versa, for the last twenty-five years. Such a statement would be highly interesting to nautical men and mer- chants, and to a vast msjority of your readers; and as there are many men in town who ean make one, | call upon them all to show their hands. Perhaps some one or more of them may recollect thet about twenty years ago. a London packet, the Canada, or the Caledonia made the voyage from here to Portemouth bbe ig 1) in, thirteen days. I have no desire to eclipse Capt. Bailey, as‘ Yorkshire” seems to insinuate. Brst Bower. Suir Carninatox, not Edward Carrington, is the name of a new ship arrived here a few days since from Providence, to load for Canton. It was intended by Mr. Carrington’ to add the Edward, but her papers had not been taken out. She is commanded by Captain Abbot, formerly of ihe bark Grafcon. Tur Veteran Banx Canton, ie of a register the bark Canton, which was p |. This vessel was built of teak wood, in the Kast Indies, nearly one bun- dred years fince. She was originally owned by the Dateh East India Company, but after various mutations of fortune, recently came under the Haytien fi Early last winter she got ashore on the Murole ledge, at the mouth of the Penobscot, where she remained com. bet Jog with the storms during the whole winter But the strength of ber timbers, notwithstanding her great age, proved more thau amatch for the winds and waves. and she was got off in tho spring and taken to Bath, where she hed been purchased, She was tound to be but little injured, was repaired, and is now again navi- atiog the ocean. After passing through euch an or. al, who will say that she is not wortny to bear the stars ond stripes ’— Boston Journal. If weare not much mistaken, this is the same vessel that got ashore on the West Bank, romewhere about July, 1846, that being her firet appearance ip this post, and woo them under the Hotyien Sag. INTELLIGENCE BY TELEGRAPH, IMPORTANT RESOLUTION RELATIVE TO THE WAR. THE GROAT SPEECH OF THE HON. REVERDY JONNSON, OF MARYLAND. | The Disruption in the Whig Ranks, | he. be. ke, THIRTIETH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION. Senate. ‘Wasminaton, Jan. 10, 1848. ‘THE OPRNING—SLAVERY, ETC. The Senate convened at 12 o’olook, and after the tran- eaction of the ordinary routine of business, a number of memorials and petitions were presented, among which was one by Mr. Camenoy, from the citisens of Penn- sylvania, to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia ' THE SENATE REPORTER, The Vice Passivent laid before the Senatea letter feom the reporter to that body, stating the reasons of the imperfect manner in which the reports had hitherto appeared, and asking a mo:e convenient position for himself and assistants. PETITIONS FOR TERMINATING THE WAR, Mr. Cuartow presented a petition from the Friends of New York, Vermont, Michigan, &o., for the adoption of measures for the termination of the war. PENSION BILL. Mr. Jonsson (Louisiana) on pensions, reported a bill granting half psy to widows and orphans of voluntecrs who were killed in Mexico, pursuant to the President's message. It was read a first time, THE NEW YORE DRY Dock, Mr. Yuxeg, on naval affairs, reported s bill making an additional sppropriation of a hundred and sixty thou- sand dollars for the Dry Dock at Brooklyn Navy Yard. After a few remarkefrom Mr. Dickinson, who stated that the subject was fully discussed last session, it was passed. . RAVAL PURSERS. A motion was made by Mr. |Yuree fora bill for pro- viding edJitional pursers, which was taken up. Mr. Baporga’s amendment,making them commissioned officers, appointed by advice and consent of the Senate, was adopted. ° Another amendment was offered by Mr. Westoorr, subjecting them to the examination of a Board of Exa- miners, which was rejected. The bili then passed. THE GOVERNMENT OF OREGON. Mr. Dovarass introduced a bill to establish a territo- rial government in Oregon. THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO, Pending the morning business, Mr. Hanwegas, of Indiana, introduced three resolu- tions, to the effect : 1st, That no treaty oan be made with Mexico which does not guaranty to the United States a good military boundary. 2d, That no intervention of any European power can be admitted in the affairs of Mexico. 3d, That it may become proper to hold Mexico asa province of the United States. Mr. Hannecan asked that the resolations be printed and made the order this day two weeks, which was agreed to. At 10 minutes past one, the TEN REGIMENT BILL was taken up. Mr. Reverpy Jounson, of Maryland, took the floor, and a comparative silence succeeded in the crowded auditory in the gallery, and the reporters went to work. Mr. Jounsow said that if he was diffarently situated, he would postpone, so far as he was concerned, the con- sideration of this subject; but he had professional en- gagements which would admit of no delay—and he de- sired not to postpone the passage of this bill. He having, since the adjournment on Thursday, had several days’ leisure, he bad reduced nearly all he had to say to writ- ing. He had divided what he should say upon this sub- ject into four propositions :— 1st, Whether the war in which we are engaged is just and honorable, or unjust and dishonorable. 2d, Whether it has heretofore been properly prose- cuted. 3d, In what manner it shall hereafter be prosecuted. 4th,and the most important—What is the just and honcst object for which the war shall be prosecuted? Upon each of these, he would, as briefly as possible give his views. He should do it with the frankness and boldness becoming @ Senator, and with due deference te the opinions of others. He rarely ever alluded to per- sonal matters; but he craved the indulgence of the Senate while he said a few words of a personal character, To those who knew him, it was unnecessary to say that he was actuated by no other motive than @ sense of right. He thought he knew himself well enough to say that he had no desire to tumper with Execut!ve pstron- age, or have any office from the hands of the Execu- tive ; nor was there one in the gift of the people which he would accept, if it were to be bought by a sacrifice of judgment. He had the satisfaction of an upright con- science, the only reward he sought. No matter whether he gained popularity or not, he would not assert any Principle which he did not entertain, nor hide any that he did entertain, without considering himself disho- nored. He came into this body opposed to the adminis. tration; and, so far as affairs have progressed, that oppo- sition bad been rather confirmed than lessened. He believed the administration had misunderstood the true policy of this government, and ke believed the day would come when the nation would declare this to be the fact. He differed from many Senators on this side of the chamber; but it was the difference upon earnest convictions. Party ties and party lines, strong as they were,can never be strong enough to make an honest man 6 re from his duty and follow the leading of popularity. He knew the Senators around him too well to believe that they would respect him asa man, or as a Senator, if he surrendered his views and sentiments upon a question of such vital importance to the honor and character of the nation as thiswas. They differed; but they differed os friends. They differed, if they dif- fered at all, as patriots; and he libels them, and Jibels me, who doubts our honesty and intentions; and he vio- lates justice, and official intercourse, and propriety, who idtimates thet wears aiding the enemies of our country, When they shall have heard what he bad to say, he was sure that they would do him the justice to acknowledge that his motives were true and honorable. There were those who, bred in the battle of political plunder, who fought for the spoils and not for the principles, who would impugn them; but they were as peculant as their motto and unworthy the name of men. Is the war just or un” just ?—honorable or dishonorable? He thought it was both just and honorable, and he hoped that, for the good fame of the country, it would be sustained. His proposition now is, that between the United States and Mexico, the former had, on the 13th day of May, 1846) a just and good cause of war; and that the war was the result of the unjust and illegal act of Mexico. He hoped; for the fair fame and henor of the country, he could make this good. We lived in an age when nations sink into dirgrace and infamy if they violate the sacred rules of justice, Natiousl character was national property — For this reason, he hoped the war was just and honora- Die. Ifnot, then we should bs pronounced by the mo- ral judgment of the world asa band of robbers. If ho- norable,then we are worthy descendants of virtuoussires. If wrong, then we have lost the sacred inheritance of honor and national character they have left us. Ho had an inotinetive repugnance to believe his country was wrong in any case; and in the present ono, he was rejoiced that his feelings and his judgment agreed. He had no time to go through with all the facts preceding this war, but just those relating to the national exis- tence of Mexico, and the incorporation of Texas in this Union, Before the revolution of Mexico the whole country was in commotion, and after that revolution, and Iturbide was made Emperor, a constitution, nearly like our own, was established. Texas was then an inde- pendent State. The National Congress, under Sante Anna, decreed that in ell the States, private arms in the hands of the citizens, should be given up: That decree ‘was put in force by the minions of Santa Anna, in some ofthe States where naught but a feeble epirit oppor- ed them, They came to Texas, and there they met an American spirit. To Coahuila, an army, was sent, and this decree of 1834, was put in force. This ermy ororsed the Rio Grande, took Sxn Antonio, and | revointion of Texas, The | then commenced the boundaries of Texas and Coshuila, one State, hen commenced at the Nueces, ran slong ite Mn, ir one hundred miles, end then crossed over to No Grende, ‘The other part, botwoen the Grande, was the State of Temeulipas, After of Gan Jacinto, et which Santa Anna was taken pri- soner, the Mexicans returned to the south of the Rio Grande, and the boundary of that State was admitted Sud recognized as the Rio Grande. On the 10th of De- cember, 1839, the Texas Congress pasred an act defloing the boundary of Texas to be the Rio Grande. The Mexicans, under Urrea, prepsred to invade Texes again, General Rusk, of Texas, ordered the ivbabl- | tants of the territ.ry lying between the Rio Grande » and the Nueces to retire to his rear, or cross to the Mexican elde. General Rusk, with a few forces, exercised more authority over this territory than did Urrea at Matamoras, with ten thousand *) men, Mr. Johnson referred to General Wool’s procia- ' mation, ordering all Mexicans to remain during the armistice, on the western side of the RioGrande He adverted to existing laws of Texas, at Corpus Christf, on the west side of the Neuces, in the year 1844, and to various other laws operating on the south side of the Neuoes, concluding with a reference to the act of Con- gress of February 2, 1947, establishing # post-route from Point Isabel to Matamoras, and from the Brasos te Fort Brown, all tending to show that the boundary of Texes was the RioGrande. At the instance of Mr. Calhoun and Mr. Phelps, the law establishing the post routes south of the Rio Grande was made, Almonte, on the annexation of Texas, asked for his pass- ports on the ground that the annexation was a cause of war. Mr. Johnson, therefore, assumed that, after the annexation, the United States bad as clear a right to a military oceupation of the territory between the Rio Grande and Nuecos, as between the latter river and the Sabine, Mexico had refused to negotiate. She had declared annexation to be a cause of war. |She had refused our minister on a mere quibble. She had concentrated an army on the Rio Grande for the avowed purpose of invading and recovering all of Texas. The government of Paredes existed upon this avowed purpose of driving us back to the Sabine. Admitting that the territory in’ dispute was of doubtful sovereignty, there were but two modes of adjusting the dispute—negotlation, or war. Mexico had refused negotiation, and bad adopted war. The ag- gression on the disputed’ territory had been provoked and began by Mexico, and we were bound to repel her by force. Mr. Johnson, by reference to our revolution- ary war, illustrated the right of Texas, after her inde- pendence, to the whole of her territory. What Senator was there now who would fall back upon the Nuecesand fight for that as a boundary? He trusted there was none. If the war was upjuston our side, we had in- vaded Mexican soil, and slaughtered her citigens upon it. If we bad no jprovocation, then had we published @ falsehood to the world; we had de- stroyed her towns—we had killed her women and children—(snd Mr. Jobnson entered into a ter- rifio description of the horrors of the war, including the bombardment of Vera Cruz and the Mexican capi- -tal)—and yet the war was still going on. Were we bri- gands or Christiane, that we can thus continuea war which {s unjust and without provocation? No, sir. The American people are high-minded and honorable. The war was-begun by Mexico, and she is responsible for all the consequences. Mr. Johnson then proceeded to detail the history of the annexation in the senate, and the proviso which left the boundery open to negotia- tion, He charged upon the President of the United Stater, as being responsible for.the war. ‘There were two alternatives to the end proposed—negotiation or resolu- tion. It was the rashnees of the President, and his hot haste in adopting the resolution, and in sending the messenger to Texas, that was the first and remote cause of the war. He had done this in defiance of all has- ards—in violation of all the precedents of policy of his predecessors, whose policy it had been to adopt all possi- ble means of avoiding the horrors of war. Mr. Auten rose to correct the Senator in @ single point. The messenger to Texas, was sent by the prede- cessor of the present President, Mr. Jonnson—Well, that does not make the caso much better. He (Mr. Polk) did not stop the messenger. I believe he approved what had been done. Mr. J. then took up the brosd, unqualified ground, that the Prbsi- deut was answerable for the war; that he commenced it without the shadow ofa provocation; that his order for the troops to march to the Rio Grande was ill-advised, reckless, and with powers usurped, and in direct conflict with the constitution, He was responsible. He had usurped 8 power which belongs only to Congress The President, wae§ths author of the war—en his head, and upon his conscience, would res! allthe blood that had been shed, «ad all the treasure that had been ex- pended in this war. Mr. J., therefore, boldly charged the direct cause and consequences of the war upon the President of the United States. ‘At the suggestion of Mr. J. it was moved “That he be relieved for the day,” and the Senate acoordingly ad- journed. As far as Mr. J. has gone, he has argued too antago- nistic principles. First: That the war was beguo by Mexico and that she is responsible; Seoond, that the war was begun by the President, and that he is reapon- sible. Perhaps he may conclude to-morrow, by throw. ing the responsibility on Congress. We don’t know. Mr. Webster will take care of him. House of Representatives. ‘Wasninoton, Jan. 10, 1848, THE SOUTHERN MAIL. The first business in order was the report of the Com- mittee of the Whole on the resolution reviewing the Southern Mail arrangement. Mr. Goccin moved to recommit to the Post Office Committee, with instructions to report to the House all the facts, with such modifications as they deemed ex- pedient. Mr. Baovuean moved to lay the whole subject on the table. On motion of Mr. Goaarn, the yeas and nays were or- dered. Negatived, 69 to 124. On motion of Mr. Gocarn, the yeas and nays were also ordered on his own motion to recommit, when ST Mr. Jones, of Tennessee, opposed the recommitment, and called the previous question. Sustained 94 to 67. The main question was then ordered; first,on Mr. Jones’ amendment, requesting the railroad to indemnify the Bay line. It was rejected, syes 97, nays 96. The Speaker voted in the negative, and the amend- ment was rejected. The ayes and nays were then taken on the second amendment, “ providing that nothing in the resolution shall pe construed so as to require any increase of ex- ditures by the Post Office Department.” Adopted 101 to 91. The resolution as amended, was then rejeoted without @ division. STATE OF THE UNION, On motion of Mr. Vinton, the House went into Com- mittee of the Whole on the state of the Union, Mr. J. R Ingersoll in the chair, on the reterence of the President’s annual message to apprepriate committees, Mr. McCieanann addressed the committee in defence of the general measures of the ndministra ion. The House, in conclusion, was addressed by Mr. 8tan ton, who followed chiefly on the dootrine of the late veto. He alluded to the message—dissenting therefrom, and supposed that war and war measures were alone the course considered proper by the administration. Mr. Stewaat, of Penn., obtained the floor, after which the committee rose. USE OF THE HALL GRANTED. Mr. J.Q. Apams offered a resolution granting the use of the Hall on the evening of the étb inst., to the Coloni- zation Society. BJOdjection betsy made, Mr. Wenrwortn moved the sus. pension of the rules, which were suspended, 114 to 26, and the resolution adopted. ADDITIONAL CLERES IN THE PENSION OFFIOR, Mr. Cocxe reported a joint resolution authorising the Commissioner of Pensions to employ temporarily addi- tional cierks, appropriating $11,999 for that purpose. It wae read twice, when, om motion of Mr. McKay, it was referred to the Committee on the state of the Union. Mr, Cocxe moved # reconsideretion, with a view toits immediate passage. It was negatived by 48 to 70. Un motion of Mr. Strvens the House then adjourned. The Great Speceh of the Hon, Henry Clay In Washington. Wasuineton, Jan. 10, 1848. The Hon. Henry Clay arrived here this morn- ing at ten minutes past eleven. Hundreds had asecmbled to meet him. He was escorted to the United States Hotel by the Hon. Mr. Botts, of Virginia, followed by tha sovereigns, who pressed into the hotel and demanded a speech. In vain Mr. Clay urged the fatigue of travel- | ling—assured them they would tire him out | before he left Washington. He was compelled to step out on the platform, when he said :— THE AVERCH, Gey tTLRMEN!— Atthe solicitation (applause) of my friends, (sheers | and applause.) | appear, not to make a speeod, (terrible ehoore,) but oimply to thank you, [tersifle applause) i |