The New York Herald Newspaper, January 6, 1848, Page 2

\EW* YORK HERAL®. TAMES GORDOY SSNNETT, PROPRIBTUR. DAILY HERALD, Sunday included Price & Lents per conyael eiper tnnm—am the Cait Sates | European subscribers, $14 per annum, including postage WRERLY HERALD—Every Saturtay—Prige 6 ems copy—8s | vum——in the United States Suvopeon subscribert oy eieamancp #5 per annum, (nck ding the postage ERT LD POR RUROPR—Kvery Steam Packet Dey MS cents per e+ =85 per annum, including post. age, ov $3 2% vaclusive ef postage Suscriptions and. ad- vertisrments will be recerves by Messrs Galignani, 18 rue Wretame Baths Bin emenas, 18 Cornhill. and John Milles hanksrtles Henree' eet London URE STV ENTIAL HERALD Every Tuesday—One r for the Campaign ) VET Se mie N'T'S ot reasonable prices; tobe writ- ten in a plait Yegidle monner The proprietor not respon- Bible fine oo nee ten manuser iple PRINTING of aul kends amecuted heautsfully and with despate Pulton and Nassau streets. ALL LETTERS by maii for subrcriptions, or wil advertisements. to he post paid, or the post age will be d ducted rem:tted 'ORRESPONDENCE., containing solicited fri ny euarter of the world— and if weed always he Wseralty pard for. NO NOTICE can he taken of anonymous communica- fiona Whaiever is mtended for insertion must be authenti~ cated hy the name and address of the writer; not necessa~ i out asa guaranty af his good faith, ke to returnrejected commumscations: T'S 10 be made tn advance. AMUSE $ THIS EVENING PARK THEATR&.—Sanos Lent & Co.'s Cireus Com- pony, 10 all their principal acta. THEATH", MaRLoTTE th Sowery —Vincixive—La Cut CHATH SM THEATRE Chatham street —Faivt Hrart never won Farr Lapy—Mopen Anrists—Yanxee Law- yen —Vovive PicTURKS OF VEX CAN BATTLESLTHIOPIAN Mevopiers CIRCUS, BOWERY AVPHITHGATRE, Bowery— FQvestaiaNiM—Necno Stncino—Pantomine, &e. BROAD VAY ODXON, Broadway.—Sinaing—Daneixa —Mopen Artists. MECH «NICS H‘\LL Proa+way, near Bro me —Cants- heen INSTKELS, ETHIOPIAN SiNGING, BurLrseve Danc- ina &e. TB RNACLE—Srereamanaucus Musicar Com- rany’s Concent. P\VORAMA FALL, Broadway, near Honston—Ban vanp’s Pawonama F THE Miss River. New ursday, January 6, 1848, Two Mass Meetings to Nominate CANDIDITES FOR T E PRESIDENCY, Generat * aylor for the Whigs. GEVERAL Wokth FOR THE DEMOCRATS, Mass Meewing at the Tabernacte. We, the undersigned, contemplating the deep importance of placing at the head of our institu- tions a gentleman every way calculated to cre- ate harmony and unanimity between all parties, and to promote the welfare and heppiness of the commonwealth, suggest the propriety at once of calling a public meeting, to be held at the Taber- nacle, on the 224 F-bruary next. We propose, as the whig candidate, for the approval of that meeting, agentleman whose sound knowledge and prudence, both in his private relations and publie career, have gained for him the deep re- gard of his fellow countrymen, and whose va- lorous actions, and brilliant, unparalleled achievements onthe plains of Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, Monterey, and Buena Vista, have shed a military lustre upon his country, and en- circled his name within the pages of imperisha- ble fame—the illustrious Zacu-ry TayLor—a name which, in ages to come, will be talked of in connection with the best and dearest interests of the country, and chaunted in song around each social and domestic hearth. All those citizens, of any party or creed, who are in favor of adefensive line somewhere be- tween the Rio Grande and the Sierra Madre, and desirous of abandoning our conquests in Mexico, except California, for the sake of peace, cheapness, low taxes, no public debt, and the safety of the banks, so that they can continue to help trade much, and to cheat the people a little, will please come up and sign this paper, and give | their support to the whig policy on this occasion, and go tothe great peace meeting in the holy sil orders at the Publication Office, corner of YESTERDAY, Mr. Crittenden for the War, The debate inthe Senate yesterday was deep- ly interesting. A full telegraphic report will be found in our columns to-day. Mr. Crittenden, the distinguished Senator from Kentucky, pro- posed a substitute for Mr. Cass’s bill, for raising an increase in the regular army, as Mr. Cass’s billdid. Atter an interesting debate, fully re- ported to-day, it was rejected, by a vote of 26 to 19, thus showing that the prosecution of the war in Mexico will yet be warmly supported in the Senate, and in the House,jalso, when the voting approwches. There appears to be a vast defec- tion among the whigs of both houses—and, in fact, a breaking up of the organization of the two old parties into their original elements. Mr. Crittenden leads the way in the Senate, and he willbe followed and supported by a sufficient number of the whigs to render the ‘balance of power, heretofore supposed to be held by Mr. Calhoun, perfectly nugatory. Mr. Calhoun is thus thrown into the same ranks as Mr. Webster in Congress, or Mr. Clay out of doors. We understand that great excitement is begin- ning to rage at Washington, in both houses, on the subject of the war, and a new organization or revolution among the old parties, into which Congress and the country are divided. By avote in the House, on an abstract preposition, last week, it appears there were only forty-one deci- ded and thorough-going peace men, or such as are favorable tothe policy of Mr. Clay, in the House of Representatives, although a majority differed in their opinions as to the character and commencement of the war. The debate in the Senate, will excite intense interest in the House, aod throughout the country. It involves an en- tire revolution of parties, and a remarkable and curious construction of new ones, out of the old elements. Full reports of these debates, at any expense, by telegraph, to the latest moment, may be expected every morning in the Herald. While this excitemeni on the subject of the war, and on the speeches already delivered, prevails at Washington, we must say that the publication of Mr. Calhoun’s splendid speech in this city yesterday, produced a profound im- pression among all classes of this vast me- tropolis. It fell like a bomb-shell in every quarter—on ‘change, in Broadway, at the clubs, in the drinking houses, theatres, every- | where where men most do congregate. It was discussed side by side with the prices of cotton in Europe, and commented upon with equal avi- dity, in the same breath with Benedetti and the opera at the Astor Place theatre. Mr. Calhoun’s speech is considered the grandest effort ever made by that distinguished statesman, and the most able, comprehensive,admirable, condensed, and sublime effort in the cause of peace, yet made by any public man, far surpassing any thing which has come from either Mr. Clay or Mr. Weoster, on the question and policy of the Mexican war. Many of tae supporters of Mr, Clay, on reading Mr. Calhoun’s speech, declared that they would as soon vote for him as Mr. Clay, | after the promulgation of such sound and states- | manlikeviews. Theeffect of this speech, which was sent all over New York and New England yesterday, will be prodigious in favor of Mr. Calhoun, and on the policy advocated by him. We doubt, however, if even that sublime effort of statesmanship, and eloquence, and reason, and sagacity, and patriotism, can overcome the intense war spirit which prevails among the great mass of the people, and which is rising higher and higher every moment. If any man can pro- duce a change or revolution on the public mind in the North, it is now acknowledged that Mr. Calhoun is that personage, and all admit that he has taken the wind out of the sails of Clay, Webster, and ail other orators of the day. We should not at all be surprised to see a mass meet- ing yet called in support of Mr. Calhoun’s views In the meantime, the interest of the debates in the Senate is getting deeper and deeper, and the excitement is rising higher and higher in this great metropolis. The politicians, orators and | Tabernacle. Mass Meeting at Tammany Hall. We, the undersigned, having in view the best interests of the Union, and the promotion of her welfare, in the extension of our agricultural and commercial interests, and considering the selec- tion of the Chief Magistrate as the principal source through which these happy results may follow, suggest the propriety of calling a public meeting at Tammany Hall, on the 22d of Feb- ruary, in order to give expression to our feel- ings in nominating, as democratic candidate, Wriuiam J. Worrn, cs one possessing all the requirements necessary to promote the peace, the glory, and prosperity of our country, and whose yelorous actions, in defence of our glorious in- stitutions, have endeared him to the hearts of every patriot. At Monterey, Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, Churu- busco, Chapultepec, E] Molino del Rey, and the City of Me ico—to say nothing of the last war with England—he has distinguished himself by genius, bravery, and chivalry, of the highest or- der. He is also a noble son of the great State of New York—a full blooded democrat, and one quarter over—one of the noblest, one of the most gtorions tellows that the sun of heaven ever shone upon. All who wish to hold onto mili- tary glory and the mines of all Mexico, at any not afraid of a great public cie, or the suspension of the expense, and are debt, a drain of 8; banks, including, also, plenty of new taxes on | tea and cofiee, and every thing else we eat and wear, will come up and sign this paper, and sup port the democratic policy of the present day by going to their great war meeting ia the unholy Tamme i} The foregoing calls—one tor the democrate, andthe other for the whige—will be found in the Merchants’ Exchange to-day, and also at the desk of the publication office of the New York Herald. Allw ined, may step up to the captain’s office, and settle their opinions, by fixing their names to the creed which they best.” His Honor, the Mayor of this great we understand, would have cheerfully ll for the Taylor meeting, but he thinks his official position imposes some restraint on his public conduct. His Honor, although fa- srable to the call, declines any personal inter- in it. It probable, too, although we juainted with the fact, that the are so in ed the ca fe renee are not so well ac Chief of Police, who, after the Mayor, is the most important personage in keeping the peace of the city, Mr. Matsell, would head the call of the other meeting, beiug of a democratic creed; a creed in which he is a believer to the same ex- tent as Gen. Worth himself—that is, full blooded and « quarter over Ocean Streamers —The Washington, from Southampton, with one day later news is in her sixteenth day. The Missonci, from Havre, is in herthirteenth dey. The Cambria, from Liver. pool, is ia her sixth de \ll these steamers are eoming to Now Yor) statesmen at Washington, should, by all means, whenever they speak, follow the admirable ex- ample of Mr. Calhoun, and condense what they have to say, instead of diffusing and weakening their ideas. Short speeches, pointed and pithy, will tella thousand times more on the public mind, in the present electric age of the world, than any other mode or system of speaking.— Weare going back to the time of Demosthenes. The Herald and the electric telegraph are work- ing a revolution, and God knows what to-mor- row will bring forth. Tue Comptrotier’s Rerort—Gov. Youne's Messace —-The valuable report of Mr. Flagg, the late Comptroller—for he is now out of office—has received even more attention than the message of John Young himself. In fact, the report of the Comptroller is more important than that of the Governor, under the new constitution. The Governor’s message, after perusing it care- fully, is a queer production—made up of shreds and patches—half statesman and half loafer in its sentiments—now conservative in its principles; anon radically destructive and revolutionary. Af- ter reading that document carefully, we have al- | most come to the conclusion that the Governor would not only appropriaie the lands, the titles of which are disputed,to his friends, the anti-renters, but he would like to openall the penitentiaries and | State prisons inthe State, and give every license to | the inmates of those respectable establishments to settle on the public lands, or establ'sh banks on | any system of finance. There isa good deal of | intellect and a good deal of talent in the Go- | vernor’s message; but its moral principle is radi- | cally defective and destructive. His views on | the Mexican war would be attributed to true pat- riotism, if it did not leak out that he wants to | be acandidate for re-election. If the party op- | posed to him, the demoozats, wieh to defeat him they should set up aguinet him the chivalric Col. Burnett, a native of this State, who has just re- wounds, and that would settle John Young, and all those about him, for half a lifetime, at least. But while we think thus indifferently of the | Governor's meesage, after carefully perusing it twice, we think still more of the late Comptroll- jer’s report. It is a most valuable document, | and there must be still remaining, in the public | offices in Albany, much valuable information on | the banking system of this State, of the same | kind as that contained in the passages of the re- | port. Mr. Flagg may have had his failings; but, | throughout his career, he bas shown himself to be a friend of the people, as far as bank corruption and the banking system are con- | cerned. His successor, Mr. Fillmore, we have no doubt will fill his place on equally high and | honorable principles of action, and in fact, rather deserves to be Governor than John Young. Mr. | Fillmore’s career isknown to us. man of the purest, the highest, and the best breed. He is awhig, indeed, but his blood is good, his looks are good, his words are goed, and his prin- ciples are good. We have no doubt he will follow in the footsteps of the late Comptroller, and be as faithful « guardian of the interests of the great mass of the people, in opposition to the rascally tricks of the financiers and bank-breakers, as ever Mr. Flagg was. But of John Young, we should not be surp to hear of his opening all the State prisons and venitentiaries in the State, particularly @ short (ume before the day ef elegtion HIGHLY IMPORTANT FROM WASHINGTON, Forth-west Corner of Foiieo aod Nassau ate | TIE GREAT WAR DEBATE IN THE SENATE an army of thirty thousand volunteers, instead of turned from Mexico, covered with glory and | He isa atates- | | ed, if it were in his power, | Merala ment to the New York Herald, published this morning ‘Tne Bpisit ofthe Age—( Editorial ) ‘rigia of the hese" Going and Mr. Clay—(Ed'to ial) Noeting of the Firmers’ Club. Ne 1 Contract pictropean Markete— ) + migration—(Communication.) Gity Tntelligence. he ie Seseltigence. FX elligence. Political Intelligence. i Pai'ures. Common Counci] Proceedings. War lee 1 from *he Sou h, Proschdines nie House of Representatives on Monday. ‘Two Leve's from Wasr etter = a Weather saree t the West. re §aow, Ke, at the We m ‘by Hood at Albany. Miace!laneous Matiers. Arrival of Strangers. ‘Weekly Report of Deaths in the City of New York. in this great country. of the world. ‘The Foreign News—Its looks, foreign correspondence, which will give the community. a more correct and comprehensive view of commercial and political affairs in the old world than they received by the brief tele- graphic report of yesterday. The news continues to be extremely important. Let us indicate the points. The firet fact that strikes us is the continued depression in the cotton market, the steady in- England, the inanimation in the market for breadstuffs, and the constantly declining state of the colonial markets in sugar, coffee, and other tropical productions, All those general facts tend to convince us of the accuracy of those commercial views which we have, hereto- fore, taken of the condition of trade in Europe, and of the course of that trade during the next six or nine months. There is nothing in the course of commercial affairs that should settle prices further down in the cotton market, unless they proceed from the secret and factitious agencies of the great Lon- don capitalists. The combination of those great capitalists, such as the Barings and the Roths- childs, and others, well known in London, to produce, by the power ef the bullion market andthe Bank of England, a depression in the prices of all foreign produce, the great staples of the commercial world, receives further confirma- tion, and stronger probability, from the news we give to-day. How long this combination willcon- tinue, will depend on the secret plans of the plot- ters themselves. When all the great staples in which the United States and the West Indies are deeply interested, have been put to the low- est point, then the tide will be turned; they will then purchase all thege staples, hold a monopoly of the articles, then raise the prices, produce a great activity for a while, realize the profits, and in process of time, produce another panic and another revulsion. While the depressing branch of this policy is going on, the specie is drained from the United States, by all sorts of methode, to sustain their operations and to pro- duce these results. We understand that a large quantity of United States State stocks is sent to this country fer the purpose of increasing the drain of specie from the vaults of our banks. During the last week alone, probably eight hun- dred thousand dollars in specie left this city in various ways. In the article of breadstuffs, the inactivity would seem to indicate that the article does not come under the same influence as cotton and ar- ticles of colonial produce. This may arise from a knowledge of the great crop in Europe gener- aliy; butit is well known that the people of Ire- land, before the winter can be over, will be ina greater state of destitution than they were last year. People cannot buy food who have no mo- ney. The government will not advance eight or ten millions sterling to feed the Irish during this winter, as they did last. They have introduced a coercion bill in Parliament to shoot them, and this willsave the necessity of requiring more of our breadstuffs, and may be the means of keep- ing the price of that staple in a steady condition throughout the coming season. On the whole, however, the foreign news is very unfavorable to the promotion of ease and comfort in the financial affairs of this country. The drain made by England on one side, and Mexico on the other, on our specie, will still go on, and there is no prospect of its ceasing. The political news is very unimportant, with the exception of the rumors relative tothe health of Louis Philippe. The King of the French is getting to be very feeble. When we saw him last winter, he exhibited strong symptoms of weakness and old age; and we should not be surprised to see him pass away to the land of spirits before this winter expires. Athis death, look out for squalls in Paris, France, and over all Europe. His death will be an event in the history of the nations of Europe. Imeortaxt Democratic Movement.—We un- derstand that the new democratic committee, for the year 1848, which will meet to-night, or some night soon, intend to take into considera- tion the propriety of calling a great war meet- ing in Tammany Hall, by way of a counter- check tothe great whig meeting to nominate Gen. Taylor for the Presidency. This will open the Presidential election at once in this city. Will the democrats not do just as well to adopt the call we issued on our own hook, in favor of Gen. Worth? They could not do better than adopt that distinguished man as their presidential candidate. Certainly they cannot expect to succeed, in any general election, with any of the old hacks of the party. The day of party politiciansis nearly over, and thanks be to Heaven it is so. House or REPRESENTATIVES Representatives passed a very important vote the other day, on the subject of the Mexican war. They decided, by a vote of eighty-five to eighty-one, that the war was commenced by the President, without any necessity, and contrary to the constitution. This is a very heavy charge, and conflicts radically with the vote of the last Congress, expressed in the preamble of the bill which declared that Mexico began the war. We verily believe the whigs will cut their throats on the Mexican question, before the pre- sent session of Congress terminates. Many of them may regret their vote on this point. They must remember that, on the next Presidential election, the whole people will vote directly on’ the Mexican war, without regard to men or parties. ene | Tue Frenxcu Steamens.—The steamer Union left Havre on the 2ith of Nov., and had very stormy weather. Oathe 3d day out she sprung aleak. The engine kept her float, the ordinary pumps having been broken. The ship com- menced making 125 tons water per hour, and when she arrived at Cherbourg, on the Ist ult., she waa making 260 tons water per hour. She was to discharge her cargo at Cherbourg, and all packages not damaged will be re-shipped in the Missouri. All that are damaged will be sold at Cherbourg for the benefit of whom it may con- cern. | December, for New York. Navat.—The United States frigate United | States, Com. Read, from Cape de Verd, via | Madeira, arrived wt Cadiz November 24h Whole Hog"—Mehomet Steame: ia to be ‘doue 1~(Communica- This supplemental sheet contains twelve columns of reading matter, more than is published in any one day in almost any one of the two thousand newspapers issued It is sent gratuitously to our subscribers in all parts We give, in this day’s paper, a full resumé of the foreign news received at Boston by the steamship Caledonia, together with all our crease of specie in the vaults of the Bank of ‘The House of The Missonri would leave on the 24th of INTELLIGENCE BY TELEGRAPH, IMPORTANT DEBATE iN THE SENATE. MR. CRITTENDEN IN FAVOR OF THE;WAR. THIRTIETH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION. Senate. Wasnixcron, Jan. 5, 1348, The Senate convened at 12 o'clock. After having gone through the ordinary transaction of opening busi- ness, and the disposition of some unimportamt matters, Mr. Reverpy Jounson reported from the Committee of Commerce, a bill regulating the number of passen- gers to be conveyed in versels to Liberia. THE PILOT BILL, Mr. Dix, from the same committee, reported the pilot bill without amendment. THE PRANKING PRIVILEGE, _ Mr. Dicxinson, of New York, presenied petitionsfrom Orleans county, for the abolition of the franking privi- lege and sundry changes in the post office laws. WIDOWS OF REVOLUTIONARY OFFICERS, The House bill, making provision for the widows of revolutionary officers and soldiers passed a first read- The following is a list of the contenteof the Supple- ing. Various bills were reported; one from the Committee on Naval Affairs waa re committed, in consequence of the death of the late chairman. PRINTING. A resolution offered by Mr. Crayton was adopted, in- structing the Committee on Printing to report why the public documents, ordered~printed, were not yet fur- nished, and when they probably woul be. ADDITIONAL VOLUNTERRS FOR THE MEXICAN WAR, The bill to provide for the further prosecution of the war, and granting authority to call out twenty thousand additional volunteerr, came up in order; but, on motion of Mr. Cass, it was laid on the table until the ten regi- ment bill is disposed of. The latter bill was then taken up. Mr. Crittenpen, of Kentucky, [moved a substitute bill, providing for thirty thousand volunteers, to serve for three years, and not to be discharged sooner, to wit : —For six months after a treaty of peace, the volunteers are to have the came pay, laud scrip, &o., as those in the field. He proposes, also, to diminish the officers in re- duced regiments, or companies, and when the company is reduced below twenty men, to discharge them, the officers included. Mr. Crittenden did not propose to say more than was necessary to efplain hisamendment. Twenty thousand volunteers aro estimated to be required by the Secretary of War, for the prosecution of hostilities in Mexioo. The bill before the Senate pre-supposes a ne- cessity for an immediate addition tothe army of ten thousand men. No such necessity appears to exist as is proposed by the Secretary of War. The conduct of the war did not require any immediate relief. The bat- tles fought by Gen. Scott, from Vera Cruz to the city of Mexico, and the victories won by him and Gen. Taylor, with their great disparity of forces—the utter annihila- tion of the finest army Mexico ever raised, at Buena Vista, by one fifth their number,and that, too, by Ameri- can yolunteers—and when we consider that the Mexi- can power was utterly broken, with all her strongholds, placed in our possession—where was the danger to the Ameriean army? After reciting the heavy reinforce- ments which have been sent to Gen. Scott, till his force new amounts to32 000 men, and the reinforcements to Taylor’s line, he asked, where was the necessity of im- mediste reinforcement to the army? Was there any strong fortress to take—any great army of the enemy to disperse? Altogether, we have 43,000 men in the field; and, besides that, there is a blank, which, by reoruiting to fill up the ranks, will give us an ad- ditional force of 6,000 regulars and 7,000 volunte: Besides this, Michigan has yet to furnish a regiment ; and Alabama and Louisiana each a battalion to muster, to fill up the ranks; and when the ten new regiments are sent down, yeu will have seventy thousand men in Mexico. What will be the cost of allthis? We are told that each man in Mexico costs one thousanddollars perannum. Is not this a matter of some consideration’? He saw no necessity of raising these ten regiments at once ; therefore, he proposed to give the President the | discretion, in any future exigency, and should the war require it, to call out a force of thirty thousand volun- teers. Mexico is conquered, or why have our generals returmed? It was because Mexice was conquered. No more battles—some little skirmishing with guerillas—but no more hard fighting ; no more meeting of an organized army. Gen. Scott’s army of thirty-two thousand men could march where they pleased, stay as long as they pleased, and go away when they pleased, After s conversation between Mr. Cass and Mr. Crit- Txnpen, on the amount of force in the field, aceording to the Adjutant General's report, Mr. Cass submitted that there were two propositions— one for an increase to the regular force, and the other for & reserve of twenty thousand, to be called out at the discretion of the President. Mexico was not yet con- quered ; overrunning a country was not conquering it. ‘We might find that the most serious part of the task was yet to be performed. The great object was, by the pre- sence ofan overwhelming force, to completely reduce the Mexicans. The moral Influence of a large commanding force was now wanted. Had we presented such a force at the beginning of the war, we should have, perhaps, end- edit long ago. One object to end it is to have an over- whelming force on the ground, to show the Mexicans that all resistance is in vain. Mr. Cass was willing to append a clause to his bill, giving the President discre- | tion to call out and dispose of these troops, if that was all the gentleman from Kentucky (Mr. Crittenden) wanted ; but if he wished to substitute the volunteer bill for the regular army bill, he was opposed to the pro- position. Mr. Crivtenven thought the gentleman’s correction did not essentially affect the final result. He had made the number in Mexico but # few thourand smaller. Fif- teen thousand could march on Queretaro, Zacatecas: San Luis, or go where they pleased. He thinks we ought | mot to be satisfied until we have force enough in Mex- | ico, not only to conquer, but to intimidate it. Itis a amilitery influence that he wishesto produce. My judgment could not be influenced by these imaginary fears. For all military purposes we have force enough there now. If exigences required it, he was willing to place any amount of men at the disposal of the President. With regard to regulars and volunteers, he could not see why regulars were better than the volunteers. Was there avy difference but ifthe name? Volunteers were just as good troops. Could the Senator from Michigav (Mr. Case) show any reason why this should not be a volunteer bill ? Mr. Cass, in answer to a question, could not teil how many troops would be wanted. Mr. Cairtespen—But how will you employ them? Mr. Cass.—We would go to Zacatecas, and every where else, We want to extend cur operations. The farther wo extend the sooner we would get peace. Mr. Cass contended that regulars were botter troops for the service than volunteers. Mr. Cuittexpen reminded the Senator that it was not numbers which produced & great moral effect, but that it was great actions, like those of Puena Vista and the eapture of the city of Mexico. There was now a blank to be filled of eight thousand men, and these ten regi- ments would increase it to eighteen thousand. Where will be the necessity of this immedi ction? We could not enlist men, were they now wanted, to fill the existing regiments in less than twelve months. We had only enlisted during the past year eleven thournnd men Mr. Cass thought twenty thousand had been enlisted. Mr. Jerrensox Davis, of Mississippi, would oppose the substitute. With every merit due to the volunteers, the regulars were to be preferred, because they were cheaper; they were under better dircipline, and e better police, and in consequence kept in better health. The differ- ence of organization was very great, and very much in - | favor of the regulars. Iie contended that Mexico was not yet conquered ; not thet the people were more op- posed to us than ever, but that they were united against ‘as as one man. He drew a brilliant picture of General Scott's operations, His victories were acquired with great Ions of blood; they fought egainst converging fires, which was the cause of it. God forbid that they should ever be required to undergo such superbuman efforts again, &c ke Mr. Batowrn called for the ayer and noes on Mr. Crit- tenden’s substitute. Messrs. CaLnoun, Caittexnen, and Cass, debated the general question of the necessity of twenty thousand m*n. Mr. Carnovn eaid that, from the present state of the market. it would take a Jong time to recrwit twenty thousand men, for the materials were largely to be drawn from the loose portions of society. He should like to know what number of troops was at the depot. id the whole number was about 6,000 men. n—Ryvory whero, Mr, Case? Yeo, sir, every where. MrCatneve armued that it wee meceesary te strengthen the recruiting service; that if the case of necessity was 20 very extreme, the volunteers would be the very best troops you could raise. For the purposes of @ defensive line, regular troops would be most ¢fficient, snd he was glad to hear that the Senator from Mississippi was dis- posed to think favorably of the defensive line. The ob- jection, however, to regulars was that they contributed to swell ihe enormous patronage of the government. Mr. Calhoun contended that from the recommendation of the President and Secretary of War, there was policy de- fined for conducting the war, which, if it did not contem- plate the annexation of Mexico, was almost certain to end in the conquest and occupation of that republic He was at @ loss what to do until some course of policy were indicated. He was placed in great difficulty in voting upon these constant demands for reinforcements without knowirg for what purpose they were in- tended. The vote was finally taken on Mr. Crittenden’s substi- tute, which was rejeoted by yeas 19, nays 26—Mr. Cal- houn not voting—as follows :~~ Yras-~Meesrs. Badger, Baldwin, Bell, Berrian, Clark, Clayton, Corwin, C:i:tenden, Dayton, Green, Hale, Man_ gum, Miller, Pearce, Phelps, Spruance, Underwood, Up- bam, Webster—19. Nayvs—Allen, Ashley, Atchison, Atherton, Bradbury Breese, Butler, Cameron, Caes, Davis of Miss, Dickinson’ Dix, Douglass, Downs, Felch, Foote, Hannegan, Hunter, Johnson of Md, Johnson of La, Mason, Rusk, Sevier, Sturgeon, Turney, Westcott—26 ‘The bill was ordered to be engrossed, when, on motion of Mr Hanxecan—some Senators wishing to speak on the bill—the Senate adjourned. House of Representatives. Major Gainxs, of Kentucky, was sworn in and took his seat. MEXICAN AFFAIRS, Mr. Venasirs moved to reconsider the vote of yester- day, adopting the resolution calling om the President for instructions relative to the return to Mexico of Santa Anna and Paredee. Mr. Asuman moved to Jay Mr. Venables’ metion on the table. Carried, yeas 107, neys 87. Tho Srraxen presented several (communications from departments; also the reports of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, showing the operations, ex- penditures and condition of that institution. SOUTHERN MAIL CONTRACT. Pending the discussion on motion to print the latter, on motion of Mr. Botts, the House went into committee of the whole on the special order—the resolution of Mr. Gog- gin to renew the Southern mail contract, Mr. Smith, of Indiana, in the chair. Mr. Jones, of Tennessee, offered an amendment, re- quiring the rsilroad company to pay an equitable in- demnity to the bay line, which now has the contract. Messrs. Borts, Lincoun and Roor addressed the com- mittee. Mr. Jonns obtained the floor, and the committee rose, Adjourned. PEW YORK LEGISLATURE. Auaany, Jan. 5, 1848, Senate. All the Senators were present, except Mr. Whalen. Notices of bills were given—by Mr. Connwett, for the incorporation of manufacturing associations ; by Mr. SoutH, to regulate the fees of county clerks. A bill was presented by Mr. Bocxre for the incorporation of Insu- rance companies ; by Mr. Coxe, for the appointment of notaries public. A resolution was offered by Mr. Finr, Geclaring it the duty of Congress to make judicious ap- propriations for the improvement of lake harbors, as well as harbors on the Atlantic and Pacific. Laid over. A reselution and bill were offered by Mr. 8. H. P. Hatt, relative to the Mexican war and the slave trade. Laid over. Adjourned. * Assembly. The Comptroller's report, and the report of the Su- perintendent of Common Schools, were received. No- tices of bills were given. By Mr. Phoonix, to amend the act relative to harbor masters of New York. By Mr. Bostwick, for the incorporation of associations for manu” facturing purposes. By Mr. Campbell, to protect the rights and property of married women. A resolution was offered by Mr. Bowie approving that part of the Governor’s Message relative to the Mexican war. Laid over, Adjourned. The Overland Express. Perenspuna, Jan, 5, 1848. The overland express isin from New Orleans, bring- ing advices to the afternoon of the 80th. There had been no arrivals from Mexico. Movements of Mr. Clay. Privaverrnia, Jan, 5, 1848, A letter has been received from the Hon. Henry Clay, by which we learn that he will bo in Washington to- night. He opposes all public demonstration. Gen. Gaines arrived in Washington last night. The Railroad Accident. Ricrmonp, Jan, 5, 1848 , ‘Wo learn that some passengers were killed, yesterday, by the accident on the Petersburg railroad. Speed._the Weather , dic. Axsany, Jan. 5, 1948. ‘The Governor's Message was carried to Utica by ex- press locomotive in 2}¢ hours. The first 41 miles from Schenectady were ran in 58 minutes. Weather is becoming cold. A snow storm has set in from the South. Snow falling heavily. The Massachusetts Legislature. Boston, January 5, 1848, The Legislature cf Massachusetts assembled to-day. Zeno Scudder, of Barnstable, was elected president of the Senate, and Charles Calhoun, Clerk. Francis B- Crowningsbield, of Boston, was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives, on the third ballot, and Charles N. Story, Clerk. Markete. New Orteans, Deo. 29 —Cotton is quiet at previous quotations. Sugar—Very few transactions, in conse- quence of unfavorable weather. Molasses—Sales were made at 17% Flour—Market heavy, sales of Ohio brands were effected at $5 50. Freights—A French sbip was taken at one cent. Exchange—No improvement. Cleared, ships Newtown and Abby Pratt, for Boston, an park Genesee, for New York. Arrived, bark Gen. Tay- lor, from Philadelphia. Bartimong, Jan. 5, 1948, The steamer’s news was received here to-day by tele- graph , and had the effect of unsettling the markets, and there was, comsequently, nothing done. Holders of flour were asking higher prices, while grain was dull, Pro- visions were inactive yy nochange. Merchants waiting for private letters. Ausany, Jan. 5,1848.—Markets dull. Nothing doing in flour or grain. Pork heavy at $5 a $6 50 for western, and $6 for new dressed. ° Boston, Jan. 5 —Flour—Sales of 500 bbls were made, including Genesee, Michigan and Oswego, at $6 3734 a $6 50. The market was firm. Wheat—No sales were made. Corn—Sales of 2000 bushels, including Western mixed, were made at 75¢, and yellow do at 760 The market closed rather heavy. Oats—Sales of 1000 bushels ‘were made at 624 53c. The little doing in provisions. There was no chi in freights. Cotton ‘was unsettled by the foreign news, and no sales made worth reporting. Shipping Intelligence. Norrovx, Jan 4— he Gen Scott, Bangor—has experi- enced rough weath lost part of deck load. Extraorpinary Sariing.—The packet ship Isaac Wright, Captain Bailey, which left Sandy Hook on the morning of the 4th of December, arrived at Liverpool on the 17th, making the passage in the unprecedented short space of thirteen days. She was reported off the port onthe 16th. This is the shortest passage fora sailing vessel on record, beating the steamer Acadia something more than twodays. The Isaac Wright was formerly under command of Capt. Marshall, who, onthe day of her sailing, was ta- ken suddenly ill, and Captain Bailey, of the Yorkshire, appointed to take charge. Short passages sre not uncommon with the vessels Captain Bailey commands. INTELLIGENCE FROM —In the Aurora de Matan- zas, of the 9th and 10th ult., we find the following items | of intelligence, from the interior of Cubs : — La Sociedad Patriotica, of Santiago de Cuba, club somewhat similar to our Historical Socloty, and other such institutions, had resolved in future to publish their proosedinge, and the resolution was hailed with much delight by the citizens, They were about to rebuild the theatre in that town ‘The light house, to be called the Colon, which is bulld- ing at the point ot Maternillos, on the peninsula of the Galinal, not far from the entrance to the port of Neuvi- tas, will be 189 feet high, aod 256 fect diameter in the c \d the 25ch November; centre, ‘The first stone was laid Cayo Contiter, phomngr dd Hed Cayo Romano, the | and it will soon be erected the N. W., near Le | narrowest portion ofthe | It seems that homeopathic dock | trouble with Law Intelligence. Cotnt or Tram: Jan. 5 —Before Jas- Oven tloe Morse, Aldermen Tsppen and Feeks — Trial for Bigamy—The People of ihe State of New York vs. Mar- tin Hare,—Martin liare, who had been indieted for ee Miss Mary Fox in the month of May last, his wife being stili living, was put on his trial. * The Distaict Artouney briefly stated the case for the prosecution He» said Hare was warried to Catha- rime Early in 1843, and on the 20th of May, 1847. mar- ried Miss Fox; that he (Hare) had been acquainted with her father ond family for some years previously, and became very att-ntive to her, accompanied her te school and to otuer places, and fiaally made her consent to becom» bis wife. On theevening of the 20th of May, he met her by previous appointment in Barclay street, took her toa house in Murrey street, and there pre- vailed upon her to become his wife. He then caused her tochange her dress, after which they took the boat for Albany; trom whence beng ¢ Proceeded to Buffalo, where he introduced her to his friends as his wife. They after- wards lived together as man and wifs, both there and at Milwaukie, where they went after leaving Buffalo. Wittiam Docxenty examined by the Disraict At- Toayxy —Knows Hare; was prevent at his marriage with Catharine Early in St. Joseph’s Church; does not know who the officiating clergyman was; his wifo’s eis- ter was present on the occasion. Cross-examined —The gentleman who married them looked like a clergyman; he acted es one; hi long face, and a big one too. Hare was in the employ of Fox at the time; he attended a bowling saloon for him. Many Fox examined by Mr. Wuitina —Is 16 years of the daughter of Ed- d Fox, of Broadway, years, up to the time she weut away with bim ~ Q—Had Hare been intimate in your father’s family? Objected to, on the ground thut the only offence the prisoner could be convicted of, is bigamy, and the ques- tion or answer can have no relevancy ; the witness must be confined to ali the facts und ciroumstances of the al. leged murriage. The question was asked, with a vie’ to draw out such &n snswer as would give the cou: for the prosecution an opportunity, when summing up, to aggravate the case, aud prejudice the minds of the jury against the priso: Mr. Writixo—W the question with a view of showing the intimacy that existed between Hare and Mr. Fox. and the confidenoe which th mily bad in him. ‘That in consequence of that confidence, and bis representing to Miss Fox that he wouli be divorced from his wife, she consented to the marriage. Objection overruled and excepted to. A—Yes, sir, | never left the city of New York with Hare, until after we got married, on the 20th May; he met me on that day in ‘Barclay street ; I was at school ere. a How came you to meet him in Barclay street that day jected to, and overruled. A—By appointment made with Hare. Q—How long before was that appointment made? Objeoted to, and overruled A—Thoe Saturday before; the day on which we met, wason (hursday; the appointment was to meet on that day, and go away ; there was something said between us on Saturday about the marriage; when we met on Sa- turday iu Barolay street,we proceeded to a house in Mur- ray street, where | changed my dress; Hare provided one for me; after we got to the house in Murray street, he desired me to stand up, which I did, and he then saidr “take you to be my lawful wedded wife before God and man, im sickness and health, uatil death does us part ;” [ Tepeated the words afver him, putting the word “ hus- word © wife ;” we then started to if performed by « pri e asked him it they ; he eaid it would be as valid for themeelves to do f they were married by @ priest. Q —What house in Murray street was it? ‘A.—I don’t remember the number, but it wasa few doors from Broadway. We went up stairs into a back room; there was no one present, but both of us; I changed my dress, because he told me to do it; it was about half past four when we were in Murray etree! after we left Murray street, we went on board a stea: boat at the foot of Robinson street, and arrived in Al- bany next morning; from Albany, we went to Buffalo, where we remained until the lst of July. We lived there as man and wify; from Buffalo we went to Milj waukie, and remained there until we were brought back to New York; we lived together as mau and wife in Mil- waukie; we passed in both places as Mr. and Mra. Hare; while at Buffulo, we lived ina house at the corner of Washington and Carmine streets; his sister resided in the house with us; she met us at Albany and travelied with us to Buffalo; she afterwards went with us to Mil- waukie and continued with us until | was brought back; while in Buffalo,, Hare’s brother-in-law and his wife called to see us. Cr Ezamined—Q —You have stated to Mr. Whi- t something had been said on Saturday, between and yourself? A.—Yes, sir. Q—Do you remember in your examination before Judge Edmonds, you said that nothing had been said be- tween you and Hare about the marriage on that day? "A. Yea, sir; but that was e mista ‘When did you find out that it wasa mistake? A.—Between at that time and this. Q—Did you talk with apy body so as to find out it was ®@ mistake? A.—No, sir. Q.—Did you tell any one that it was.a mistake, until you said so before the jury? A—No, sir; nor have I talked to any one about it. t the time he married you, did you not know he ’ ried before’ A.—I did; but I thought he was then free. Q—On your examination before Judge Edmonds, did you say you knew he was free? ‘A.—I thought he could get free. .—Did yeu say to Judge Edmonds, when you were examined before him, that Hare was going to get a di- ‘voroe ? ‘Objected to on the part of the prosecution, and objec- tion overruled. A.—I do not know whether I said so or not. Q—When did you first tell anybody that-you thought um vece ? -—To-day. Qo pou mean to tell the jury that you thought he was free when you were in Murray street? A.—Yees, air, he told me on the Saturday previous that he would get a divorco. Q —When did he tell you that he had got a divorce, or that he ever had one? A told me on the day of the marriage that he ‘ell the jury what he told you on that day. naid he was free from his wife. 1 don’t remem- he said any thing else. id you agree to marry him on Saturday ? ‘es, if he was free from his wife. Q—Do you remember that I asked you bei Edmonds—Did you believe that » man could wives at once, and that you answered no? A don’t remember. Do you remember which of those three lawyers ined you before Judge Edmonds? r. Whiting. .—Do you remember his asking you about this di- vorce, when you said that Hare told you that he was going to get a divorce; that you again said that was the very time you agreed to marry him ” ‘A.—I remember tho question was asked, but I don’t remember what aaawer | gave to it. Q.—Do you remember how long you remained in Al- bany? ‘A About an hour and a half, and then went to Buf- 0, Q.—Did Hare introduce you to any one at Buffalo, as Mrs. Hare? A —Not in Buffalo; we had no visiters there but Mr. and Mra. Leonard, who called twice. Q.—Did you occupy the whole house in Milwaukie? A.—No, sir, the lower,part only. Q.—What person there did Hare introduce you to as his wife? A.—To Mr. De Woolf, Mr. Phelpsand Mr. Moss; I don’t remember any one else Q.—Were these visiters at the house, or persons with whom he bad business? A.—We boarded with Mrs. Phelps, and he hired the house from Mr. Moss, and the store from Mr. De Woolf. 1 was brought back in July, but don’t remember the month in which | wasexamined before Judge Edmonds? Direct examination reeum:d—Lotter produced Q—Do you remember when yeu wrote this letter? was it before or after you went to Albany? A. Before. | don’t know whether Hare read tho let- ter, but he gave me back acopy of it. nation of the facts relating to the letter were objected to, and the objection sustained. Danivt Neste, examined by the District Attorney. —Knows Hare; went to Milwaukie last summer; it was in the month of July; saw ‘e and Mary Fox there; they were living together; had converration with Hare about the marriage between him and Mary Fox; bo and I talked a good deal about it on the way to Buffalo; end one day, on the leke, he sald he was honorably mar- ried to her before he left here. Mary Ann Catu an, exainined by the District Attorney —Has known Martin Hare for ive years. Q—Did he at any time write you a letter ? A.—Yes, sit Q— Where isit now ? A.—Mres. Hare, his first wife, took it. .—In consequence of that letter did you meet him here ? .—Yen, sir, at the corner of Dey and Greenwich streets, in April last; he stated that the reason he did not come to my house was in consequonce of his wife having boarded there, Mr. Hare wiahed witness to ask his wife if she would take $500 from him, aud agree to a divorce; witness deivered the message to Mrs Hare, and afterwards told Hare that his wie sald she would accept the offer. She said at the time that it was bet- ter to take that than expect him to come back and live with her again. Witoess knows nothing more about it. ‘The cace for the prosecution here closed. The counsel for tae defence asked for a portponement, in consequence of illness, until to morrow. Tho request was acceded to, and the trial postponed until 10 o'clock to-morrow (this) morning. Count Cavenpan—For this day. —Cireuit ‘Court.— 23, Wortendyke vs Hutohings ; 24, Drew vs. Hoffman ot. al ; 28, Henderson ve Jones ; 30, Soggass va Fogeley ; es Q. say | 33 mitt ; 33, Tucker faty Ine sabnsea My te Trince vs. Demarest; 38, Burion vs a ‘Wemphel ; 40, Wilcoo’ # va. Parmater , ee; 39, Same ¥8 Lee | 30, Sam apear ; 42, same ve Browning ; 43, Sam} ' rd va Johnson ; 45, Selden vs Jenier. 18 Sa seas Firet part.—05, Hyatt va, Walton ; 07 itansom va. Taylor ; 99, Driscoll vs, Burke ; 103, owen ve. Innes ; 107, Burne’ vs. Smith ; 109, Tneley va, Hawking ; 23, Kent vs Webster ; 31, Malo va. Brett ; 71, Frits va, Osborn, Second pa ry ; 80, Beeman vs Haxto: ton ; 6, C 10, Foster Rib 3, Comatock va, Fuller me vB. oe! Gitmore ;. 75, Germle iriffin, Surneme Count or tHe Usiten States, Jan.3 —No. 11. New Jerrey Steam Navigation Com, ‘appelle vs,the Merchants’ Bank of Boston Th this cnuse was continued by Meters Greens and Web- ster for the uppellees, Adjourned til to-morrow at Il o'clock, &. m, By alate act of the Vermont Legislature, all real es- tate and rents, issues and profits which may have be- longed to « woman before marriage, or which abe may | inherit during marriage, are exempt from attachment or | levy “for the sole debts of ber husband, ond no transfer | of either made by the husband, will be valid, unless she shall freely sign @ deod.! Married women are aleo hay Uborlaed to deviee suoh property by will,