The New York Herald Newspaper, December 29, 1847, Page 2

First Lieut. Spear §. Tiotom, Mounted Rifemen, st Pushla, Maxioo, July 29, 1847. Fist Lien: Joha D. Bacon, 6th Infantry, in clty of Mosina, O stober t2, 1847. Livn’, Chaties £ Viveris, 8h Infvatry, ia city Mex'es Santembor 17. 1847 K rat Lieat Leonitas Jencing Ist’ Dragoons, at Vera >. Ootaber (8. 1847 ch fafantes, in assault of mbar 13.1347, jamin. 4on Actill ry. in attack i99, Saptember 18, 1347 Arcitlery, 1a camp, of of & sa, City of M sat Livat Joseph F trons te exioo, Aarust 26. + fon P. Job Lit Artillery, in attack is Mexico, ang , 1947 sat Jona B Goodman. 1orh Tafantry, ia bat- ‘basco, Mexion. Angst 29. 1347 FF Arcillory, Im battle 3} saz 184 cost, 6th lafantry, in olty of Max! a *Seooad Linat Erastus B Stroag, oth (nfantry, im bat Intiao det Rey. Mexieo. September 8, 1847. William T Barwell, Sth Iofantry, in Mexioo, September 8, 1347 Smith, Sth Tufentry, im as tember 19, 1947. V a, Tat Dragoons, rque Now Mesicy, July 12, 1847 Alexand-r ¢ Rodgers, 4th Tnfentry, { Chapultepes Mexiao, September 18, 1647. ALieut Thomis Easey. 2o4 lnfantry, in battle Chorabusco Mexteo, August 29, 1547 Bvt Second Lieut. George 3 Hamohreys. 2nd Dra- goons, at Cartisle Barracks, Pa, November 9. 1847. od List, Satterlee Hoffman. Ist Artillery, in » Churabasco, Mexico, Angust 29, 1847 cond Livut Bo»jemia Yard 10th lafantry, near tamoras. Mexico, Qotober 21. 1847, Second Lieut A G. Moon, 14th Infantry, at Vera Craz, Mex 00. July 17, 1847 S-oond Livut Wasbiogion Meads, Lith ages & —. second Lieut. Richard HL. Johnston 11th Infantry, io battle of Moliae del Rey, Mexico, on the Sch Septem- ber, 1947 Surzeon Hamilton 8, Hawkins, at Tampico, Maxico, Augaat 7, 1847 { \esletaut Surgeon William Roberts, in city of Maxioo, October 18, 1827 Araistant Surgeon Robert C. Wickham, at, Vera Crus, Mexico, May 13, 1947. Assistant Surgeon Robert H. McGinnis,14th Infantry Vera Crus, Mexico, September 1, 1847. Military Storeneaper, Samuel J. Carr, Ordnance De- partment, at Pikesville Arsenal, Md., October. 24, 1847, Dreoares (lh) Second Lieut. James M. Smith, 16th Infantry, Sep- tomber 4, 1847. ganit of C at MIERED, (1.) C. MeClellavd, 11th Infantry, © Second Lient. Geo Ootober 13 1817 CASUALTIES,—Voruntees Seavice. Resiovationa (10.) frat Boyd, Commissary, August 20, 1847, oj:min McCullough, Quartermaster, Septem- Major Al Moj ir i ber 6, 13. Captain Joseph Naper, Aseistant Quartermaster, Sep- tember 23, 1847 aptuin Jomer H, Walker, Assistant Quartermaster, tember 9, 1547. (Appointed captain Voltigeurs and t Riflemen ) nptein Joha W. Shugert, Assistant Commissary, gus’ 12. 1847 captain Robert Josselyn, Assistant Commissary, Au- {6 1847 2 E. K Chamberlain, October 25, 1847. Bargeon Joseph L Hasbrouck, October 19, 1847. Assistant Surgeon Jha G, Daon, August 19, 1817. nt Surgeon Geo. B Sanderson, Auguat 31, 1847. u Parosy S Gilbert, Assistanc Quartermaster, Surgvon Edmuad Ravanel. Decuinep (10.) Sergeon Joho N, E-relman, Sarge hon Gaither, Sargsoa liam P Dean, Sargse roel B Fields, SargeoaJ. GM, Ramsey. Assistant Sargeou Craven Peyton. Acaistant Surgeon Alexander M Blanton. Jobn Parshall, of Tenves+ee, as Assistant Surgeon. Dearne (4) Captain Rohert Fenner, Assistant Commissary, at New Orleans Birracks. Lu, September 19, 1847 Capuon Henry Erskin, Avistaot Commissary, at Mon- terey, Mexico, Sept. 26, 1847. > Cet Solomon Pender, Assistant Quartermaster, at Bet >, Sept 21. 1847. Assistant Sargeon William Treadwell, at Vera Cruz, Mexico, Oct, 24, 1847. Discnancen (1) Assistant Surgsoa William Fosdick, Sept. 22, 1847. V The officers promoted aud appointed will join thole proper regiments, companies, sad atations without Coley ; those on detached s«rvice or acting under spe- instructions. will raport, by latter, to thy command Moers of their reapantive regiments aud corps; and vers of the statf will report to the Commanding Ge- alsin the fleld, and, by letter, to the chiefs of their depart nents Vii Wires Lieut. William H Emory, Corps of Topo- phlval Eagiavers, having declined the appointment Jor in the 8d regiment of Dragoons, the promotions Lieutenant William R Palmer to by Let Livute- nud Brovet 24 Lieut. Wm G_ Peck, to be 24 Lien- tin the Corps of Topgraphical Eagineers, as a0. 1817, rs ten mowace! ia * General Orders’? No 10, of Maroh 1 are cancrlied; and the names of Lieuta Emory. or nodVeck ace restored to tasir former places and g in naid corps Vil. Capt. William W Mackall, let Artillery, As tant A'jataat Ganeral, and Cuptuins Robert Allen, 24 Artilery, and Etward MH Pitagerald, 9th lofaatry, As. pistant Quartermasters, baving been promoted to a grade fa their reg ment equal to the commission held by them ja the Staff they will (ander the 7th erection of the acc o! Jane (4, 1846) forthwith report, by le'tar, to the Ad- jatant G-noral, which of their two commissions (staff or mntals tary elect to vac Acceptances or nou-acceptances of appoint- monts will be prompily reported tothe adjutant Gene- e birth. 309 appointed will be atated. rider, R. JONES, Adj. Gen. Kul ed in battle. {OF wounds received Sept. &, in bartle of Molino del Rey. } Regimearni com nissi H (oaly) vacated + Of woucds received Angast 10, in action at Paso Ovejas, quads received June 20, in action st La Hoya, NEW YORK HERALD. | dorth-west Corner of Fulton and Nassau sts, JAM2S GORDO VY BENNETT, PROPRIETUR. ? very day. (Sunday included ) Prrigs y EER ALD SH per annum—in the Uncen | Wares” Buropean subscribers. $14 per annum, including “UREKLY HERALD—Every Saturday Price 6 ents per copy—8i 12% per annum—in the United ate Kuropean subscribers. oy steamship, $9 per annum, inch ding the postage 2 2 ‘oR EUROP &—Kvery Steam Packet Day HERALD POT Epi le gar cnmum. cneluding post ine, or 83 thexchusive of postage, Subseraptione ang au. i + will be recewwes less 5 ree een eset manae. 18 Cornhill, and Jahn Miller, bookseller, Henrietta street. London. 5 I DVERTISE MEN T Sat reasonarle prices; to be writ- tej ina plain. legible monner The proprictor not respon: fible for evenve in manuscrsp ; i PRINTING of att kunds executed haautifully and with despatch. All ord the Publication Office, corner of ett Nate streets. for subscriptions, or with the postage will be de- fen cererdoemen’s to be femeela or Kicked from the money remitte ; POLUNTARY CORRESPONDENCE, containing idetted from any quarter of the world= ways be lirerally paid for. é. NOTICE can be taken of ununymous communica Wacrever ts intended for insertion must be authen cated by the name and addrese of the wriler ; not nec: rily for publication. but as s guaranty of his goo We cannot undertake to returnrejected communications. ‘ALL, PAYMENTS to be made in advance. AMUSEMENTS THIS ad clk pe fr WERY THEATRE, Bowery —Drama of Vatsna— aoe Tha Cuwrcrescomedy of Tue Manaixy Rake. Cc AM THEATRE, Chatham street.—Farce of Tue Wikkh eons Fioor—Barpe or Aprpos—Swiss Cot TAGE. PAUMO'S OPERA HOUSE, Cham wp PADMOS OPERA BOR Te baler ot we Five Suauiines. CIRCUS, BOWE atreet.—Faree of ATHALIE—LEND RY? AMPHITHEATRE, Bowery— gCIRCUS, BOWERY AMuncenby Sanps Lat & Cos troupe, and the ReouLam AsPHITHEATRE Company. DWAY ODEON, Brosdway—Erwiorian Han: aa naciak ExiRcises—TaBLeavr VivAnTs. N NICS HALL, Brondway, near Broome.—Cnnis ry Guaernncs, Exwioias Sivotko, BURLENAUE DaNe- ING, Ke. ; PANORAMA HALL, VaRv's PANORAMA OF THI: New York, Weal ‘a Honston —Bare Miattwirtint3 Pe M-and 7 P.M The Amended Judi y Act. We publish in this moraing’s Herald, a cor- rect copy of the amended judiciary act, as adopt. ed at the recent session of the Legislature. The copy, previously published was, according to the Argus, incorrect in several particulars. ‘The News froin Mexico. We give, in another coliwmn, the most recent news from Mexico, which is somewhat of an important character. The ramors which have been circulated in reference to difficulties be- tween General Scott and some of his generals, are now confirmed. We much fear that a great deal of mischief will spring out of these diffi- culties between our generals. When there was nothing to do but fight the enemy, the road was plain and simple; but after the conquest of Mex- ico, when the generals and the army are re- posing themselves upon their laurels, there will be a talking about everything=-politics included —and then difficulties will arise. We may look for more courts-martial. General Scott is a brave man, a great military genius; but he wants that moderation and common sense in other matters, which appear to be the pecu- liar characteristics of General Taylor. Old Rough und Ready has also had many difficulties to con- tend with—more than General Scott has had— yet he has preserved his dignity, and kept the generals under him in perfect order. As regards the news received, so far as peace is concerned, we do not see any near prospect of it Mexico is ina most deplorable condition. Wherever the American army is, there is peace, order and quiet, among them; but no where else. Ia the interior States and Provinces, which have not yet been invaded, we fiad nothing but records of revolution, bloodshed, riot, and confusion, among the Mexicans themselves. They must be ia a horrible condition, indeed, and there is little prospect of peace, from any quarter, as yet. In such a condition of things, what action will Congress tke? What will be done? And yet we mustdo someth As regards Mr. P ol k himself, we believeth at all his resources are ex- hausted. ‘The Approaching Financlat Crisis in the i United States, We have stated on several occasions, the rea~ sons which induce us to believe that there is a ceived September 14, in re of city of | ved Avgust 20, in battle Churubusco. | Tae Weatnen.—Y¥e Plessant day. The clouds were lowering all day. with every appsarance of a storm Fine.—A fire t morning, in the house No 159 Li extinguisted with trifling damage AnxorHer.—A fire broke out at 11 o'clock yeater in the house No 6 Lewis street, which was also pat ou’ with li le damsge. There was a false alarm at 6 o'clock «rday aferaoon. A wew Orricen.—Parsing through the Park, yester- | day afternooa covered & Rewspaper reporter con- veying to the offices of the Chief of Police, an old negro woman. very much under the influence of grog. and a | He white girl. shout twelve years of age, boch of whom he had arrrsted on suspicion of stealing five silver spoons, | which he found them trying to pledg: by, ia Chatham street. The fellow had no “star,” but sparched up boldly with bis prisovers, with all the pride ota modera policeman. He delivered over his prison- ersto the Chief. when the old woman was locked up, d the little girl taken by one of the regular corps, to search for her parents ‘This knight of the quill then left, ploased with his sauce nd etarted towards Chatham etreet, doubtless with a view to make other | eongitests A Queen Caer of Sutcrne —Coroner Walters } called yenterday t» bold an inquest at the City Hospital, | on the body of Patrick Lynch. a native of Ireland, azed £6 years, who came to bisdeath by inflammation of the addomen, produced by a wonnd ioflicted by himself | vm the @ adduced before the eorouer, it ap- | ed that the deceased, for some imagivary cause or r. Wecamm much exnaperated with som members of umily, and seized a large carving kuite, with the in t f committiog a murderous assault upon them, but, suspecting his desigos, they ercaped out of his | reach, whereupon heturned the knife upoa himself, and | otticted a wound ia the abomen, which resulted as be- | foro stated. Verdict sccordingly Potce Lutetitgence. Suspicion of Arson —Ofticer Munson and Constable Berber, of the ih ward, arrested yesterday, a woman by th: name of Rosannéh Brown. on suspicion of setting fire to tho dweiling house No. 169 Leonard street, Jus- tice Drinker locked her up for a further heating of Reblery —A Dutchman, by the name of echert, who keeps @ bar-room on the coruer of avd Chatham street was arrested yesterday, on taking by torce $2 80 from tie person of Ch Jacob Vall a resident of Greeoport, Long Island — t apnea Vallence went into the bar-room of the ceded, sud exchanged & $3 bank bill, which. subse- Guentiy Re obuct proaounced to be a counterfeit, aud requested Valiayesto raturn the change. which he re- fase? to do; sequently tae sccused, with the help of anoib: r,eeged Vite oy force, threw him down, and fook from bts pocket $2 80, an above stated. Justice sker locked hi up for a further hearing + if-nof Arion —A man by the name of Michael y wan merested, yerterday, on a charge of being an kocessary with Patrick Claney, in netting fire to the pre. minen No 11 Orang or exaioinat on. honer Pagter —Offlo rs Norris and Bloom, attachbes ef’s offlce, arrested, yexterdsy, Franc porter ip the Bible Sovlety establishment, au street, on a charge of stualiog from the book- shop, «t ached to the seme building, in Theatre oot woled dv Charles Starr, book-binder for the So Bibles, valusd av $6 Toe Bibles were all found e Lae building {na desk, where they had evi placed by the accused. Su-picion had re tims past on Fortivs, which caused them to movements, aad on srarching his residence. of books were found street. Justice Drinker locked 7 it George Bush, No. 136 Nassau stre: vaving been siolen from bis premises by the ace uttimes The Chief of Polloe te di bia a books were identi: | financial crisis approaching in the United States —acrisis which may cause a general suspension e banks throughout the country, similar to hich we experienced in 1837; and that, from on of certain causes, both foreign and mestic, that result, without some mitigation me quarters, may take place in the course of twelve oreighteen months, more or less. We described the causes thus producing this crisis— the condition and current of the foreign trade, by which the epecie of the country is still drain- ing from our coffers to fill up the Bank of England, and the probability that it will continue dn the same direction, in consequence of a combination for that purpose, by the great capitalists of KEogland and France, to get back the specie they gave us a year ago for breadstuffs. Another of those causes we described to spring from the continuance of the Mexican war, the little prospect of peace, and the necessity of still further large expenditures in that quarter, de- manding specie, to a certain extent, to carry them into operation. ‘Those causes acting toge- ther on the money market of New York, and other large cities, ere, in our opinion, sufficient, in the course of a year or more, to create a crisis, and, ultimately, a bank suspension. These views, the facts and reasoning corrobo- rating them, have been taken up by several of the commercial journals, and commented upon in various ways. Some denounce them, end some admit their correctness; but one of the most curious comments we have seen is that contained in our respectable contemporary, the Courier §& Enquirer, of yesterday~a commen- \ tary denouncing in one column, and approving in another—thus exhibitiag the double aspect of entertaining two opinions in one day, each op- posed to the other, and thus neutralizing bothy From the money @rticle of the Courier & En- quirer, which is said to be written by a man of some talent, but of little common sense, we find | the following: With these views, we can conceive of nothing more unfounded or mischievous, than articles such as those in the New York Heraid of to-day, predicting the overthrow of all our banks. stoppage of epecte payments, and gene- | ral contuston and r ‘We do not, indved, suppose that considerate people are at oll moved by any sta\ements from such a quarter—but unbappily panio Gistrust may be propagated and | rendered m! vous, by other thao considerate People; ond opinions like these, printed in a newspaper which is everywhere bawked about, will fiad those that may ex- vend the mischief Assurediy, the business condition of this country was never sounder than at present— te general wealth Dever 80 great or so widely diffused. It is our own fault if we permit avio, or profligate, aad ery porsibiy interested, predictions of comlog disaster, to shake us from our so- briety of action and securt'y of condition, So far so well; but we happen io find in the same journal a coinplete retutation of those ri- diculous views put forth in the money article; and here it is: hearing. P hed on the Five an Sixth ward, arrested ye ints,-Offloer Feeny, of the Jay, w woman culled Ebzw stealing $20 from Robert Fitz. Murphy, on » charge patrier, while onthe Five Pointe, Locked up hy Just caminetion Charge of da the 4th of this month. aman dy the vame 0 mas Bower, and others, attacked three watenmen in the streets of St. Johns, New Bruar- wick, by themamoes of Javea Gough, James Karle, and Heory Kenny, and to the melen, Gough wea stabbed b: Bowes #0 seriously that he died the next day. The | au fen ot St, Johne have uflvred a reward of $1000 for thearrert of Bowes, wtio ta eappored to have lefc io | sooner for some port in the Voited Staten Bowen is bed as being fire feet seven loches high, slender ght compluaion, blawryes,¢ iin sharp, loog nose, cht light bair, and long thin whiskers Sealing 4 Cout.—Officer Owens, of the Sixth ward, sted yesterday, © wan oslied Garry Peterson, on ® ehargy of *teallog au overcoat, Yaiued at from the pore No, 12 Bowery, belongiag to Hel G. Batley Justies Urinker looked blue up for trist | What Boston fs to New England, New York. more | than any other city in the Unton, js to the United States: | 112 com aeretal acd Gaancial centre, and the point of at- lack Icom the foreign exchanges, waoich are alone the | origia of serious disturbances of the currency How | shallwe govern ourselves 60 us 10 anticipate and avoid the Hifficulries which swrrownd us in the present and prospec» iwe posture of rffaira Jo the first place, wa bave the edifimercial policy of the nation, as expressed in the tariff of 1348, as the leading nutjeot of conatderation ; expenditures of the | Mexican war, wud then the Suip'T'rensury, a8 disturbing mmercisiatairs Let ua consider them ta \° their inflaence upon the currency Tho sub- Treasury i a bungling attempt to introduce obsolete ideas again in practien ‘To nae metal wa cur- | reney {# a¢ ridiculous oa it would be to return to carrying | the inatie betwees New York and Philadelphia {a open | Wegons, through storm aud wud, once in twenty-four hours. ‘The government propose to Inoresee the quan: | Uty of metal fo the co ntvy. ‘This ie weil; we want to ; let them the mints, if are ng th to keep it.and issue their orders for it in convenient for ciroulation. Every where their orders be preferred to the metal. and themeclves and the public be saved the cost and risk of its transportation, But while the government is without a surplus, the Sub-Treasur; is harmless folly, with barely one redeeming quality; ft will tend to accumulate metal to some slight extent, whi ap of foreign ex- , and may be passed by asa grandfather's fancy, which can barm no o1 Next, the expenditu: tne war: assuming that it w! Cost us twenty miilions annna!ly beyond our usual ex- penditure, that is only one doilar per head of our popu- lation, spent among ourselves principally; nearl whole amount, except the subsistence of th y Mexioo, goes into our own pockets, and therfore only changes hands, and can have no disastrous influence upon the currency. Treasury notes “will help to meet the increased demand which the public ¢xpenditure will occasion, and we may hope to gain something from Mexican revenues ‘The tariff of 1646 is the only source of evil to be apprehended ; if, with wv im- ports ave to be increas d so as to exceed our exports, then our currency is inevitably destroyed. Ita influence, thus far, must be matter of opinion merely ; no experi- ence has been bad of its working, since ite adoption, which, in the least deg-ee, determines its character ; the short cropsin Europe bave made an entirely uonatural condition of commercial intercourse between us and the old world, determining the exchanges in our favor, but yet in so light a degree, notwithstanding our increased exports, that the defvot of credit merely in England, has produced the present condition of anxiety ; when Eu- rope has recovered from this terrible affliction, and not till then, we shall kncw, by experience, the true charao- ter of our present commeroial policy. As a corroboration of those views, and what is a mere repetition of what we havealready given as the basis of our predictions, we find the fol- lowing very curious confirmation in our contem- porary, the Tribune :— Let us make the usual discount on Herald statements, and suppose one-fourth of the above to be true, who does not see that here is ample reason for raising by taxation,instead of loans.whatever funds may be needed by our government in 1848, beyond its ordinary reve- nues? Let the government w twenty to forty millions, and the whole must be drawn from tew cities, deranging the circulating medium and causing ‘universal pressure and disaster; but let the same amount be raised by tax, and the call will be uniform and equable, creating no suspension, no convulsion. How can there be two opinions among stateemen on this subject ? Then, as to our national industry. Why should we send our cotton and food to Europe, to be returned to us in cloths, metals, & , and thus bring our entire industry directly within the vortex of the convulsions which the Old World is fated to undergo—is now visibly under- ? If we made our own iron, cloth, wares, &o., who fear pension of our banks, or anything ap- Prosobing it I¢ is our needless and perilous entangle- ment with Europe which uobinges everything. Let us but make for ourselves, so far as nature does not forbid, buying freely whatever our own country will not abun- dantly produce, while other countries will, and we might itch the escerd of affairs in Europe with no other than ahucane interest, unaffeoted by the inflation or collapse of credit, the rise or fall of dynas' Shall we never learn this simple wisdom? These views on the present commercial con- ditien and prospects of this country, coming trom two of the principal organs of a great party —a party composed mostly of the commercial classes—are certainly entitled to more than the usual attention of every man of business, at the present time. The facts and inferences contained in these brief paragraphs, are no more nor less than those which we have already enumerated as the basis of our predictions—that according to all appear- ances, with adrain of specie from the United States to England, and a drain in consequence of the Mexican war, it will be a miracle if the banking institutions of this country cen exist, without a suspension of specie payments, for twelve or eighteen months longer. The drain of specie from the United States to- wards England, springs from the inequality of exports and imports of the two countries. It the United States import more than the usual quanti- ty of merchandise from Europe, and Europe re- quires less of our agricultural productions, or knocks down the prices, or pays less for them, the balance due to Europe, in consequence, must be made up by the exportation of the precious metals from this country, in the shape of fo- reign exchanges. Now this condition of things is rapidly accellerating to acrisis. In 1834, ’5, and ’6, the imports into the United States from Europe, increased each year over the other about twenty-five per cent, until the early part of the year 1837, when the disturbance created by the increase, resulted in a gencral suspension ofthe banks. From that period until the year 1845, the balance of accounts ‘between Europe and America was more equal; but in 1845 there commenced a mdvement almost similar to that which existed between 1834 and 1837—a move- ment of the foreignimports—each year gradually increasing over the preceding, to a very large per centage. For the last three yeurs, the im- ports of this country have increased in almost the same ratio which they did in the period be- tween 1834 and 1837. If, erefore, the English and French can knock down the price of cotton, or diminish the quantity they want of our breadstuffs, and also knock down the prices, the balance of trade, for a year or eighteen months, will probably be from fifty to sixty millions of dollars against the United States. We are rapidly approaching that point ; and the policy of the Bank of England, and all the large capitalists of Europe, is calculated to produce such a result and to hasten such a crisis. This is one of the drains which is tending to produce the financial crisis we predicted. The other is equally active and potent; and it is the expenditures caused by the war with Mexico. Mr. Cass, in the United States Senate, hag al- ready introduced a bill for creating ten fresh re- giments. This will involve a new and vast ex- penditure; and whatever the sentiments hostile to the war may be in both houses, the country is so committed to sustain the glory of the American arms in Mexico, and to ‘conquer a peace” of some kind, as itis called, in that country, that we should not be surprised if the expenditures there were increased rather than diminished. With Mr. Polk, there is no prospect of peace— he seems to want all moral power over the ene- my. In fact, from the first action on the banks of the Rio Grande, the Mexican war has conduct- ed itself, made itself, gone ahead of itself, creat- ed itself; but the country mustepay for it. But it may be supposed that Mexico will be com pelled to pay a portion of these expenditures; and estimates have been made, showing her capabi. lity of yielding twenty millions annually; but as yet there is very little prospect of procuring any large amount of funds from that quarter. Mexi- co has been in a state of war, ruin, and devasta- tioh, for the last twenty-five years. She is inca- pable of any vigorous financial effort for years to come, or until she has had time to recover from the devastation created by her military tyrants. But this is not all. Not only will large addi- tional loans be required for carrying on the Mex- ican war, but we have no doubt large additional taxes will be necessary, to pay the interest on these loans, and to {ill up the deficiencies and cre- vices in various quarters. Now, if we look back on past times, we will find from the financial history of the United States, that it requires a great deal of money to settle up the outstanding debts created by war, as well as to carry it on. In the ten days that elapsed between July 24, 1813, and the 2d of August,we find the Congress of that day had to impose the following taxes, to relieve the deficiencies and wants of the war at that time:— July 24, 1918.—Act imposing a duty, of 4 cents per pound on suger refined io the United States. July 24, 1813 —An act laying aduty on carriages kept for use, or hire, for (he convey ance of passengers—coaches $20 yenrly. or chariots and port chaises $17, Ko. July 24, 1813 —On stills for distilling spirits. 19 cents for a month for each gallon of its capacity, or $1 8) per ear | July 24, 1813 —On sales at auction, one dollar onevery hundred; doubled in 1514. July 2%, 1813.—Twenty cente per bushel on salt im- ported ‘August 2, 1813.—$3,000,000 direct tax; ralsed to $6, 000.000 fa 1814, August 2, 1813 —On bank bills. one cent on each dol- | iar; on notes and bonds of individuals, five cemts on the $100 August 2, 1819, On retailers of foreign merchandise, spirituous liqaors and wines, and retailers generally, $25 each per annum; of wines only, $20; Of distilled Nquore only, $20; 0 per cont added in 1214. Now, it must be obvious from all these facts and views, that the fingneial position of this the members of Congress at Washington are aware of the position in which they stand, or know exactly what to do. No peace can be made with Mexico—the war must be prosecuted —the army must be supported—more troops must be sent there—more expenses incurred, both by way of loan and by taxes; and while these drains are going on, there is every prospect, from the action of the financial interests of London and Parjs, that the drain will be continued on the | United States for our specie, to an extent that | has not taken place for many years past. Look- ing on all these things with an eye of calm- ness and philosophy, we must say and believe, that our position is even worse than what it was in 1836-7, inasmuch as we have a foreign war on our hands, 1n addition to the disturbance of the financial affairs of Europe, all acting, and play- ing, and concentrating on the money markets of the Atlantic cities, at one and the sume time. While, therefore, such shallow minds as the money market reporter of the Courier §& En- quirer, who cannot see beyond the other end of Wall street, state that all those reasons and views are visionary, the more exalted and philosophi- cal minds, acquainted with every department of life, admit the truth of what we say, and wish to prepare for the coming storm. We say, again, that the banking institutions of this country have a perilous time before them, and if they escape suspension within the next eighteen months, it will be through the interposition ot akind Providence. Now we ask any one in Wall street, or out of it, if he ever knew an in- stance where Providence interposed to stop a bank from breaking, when it deserved to break by bad management. Weknow of none. From the promulgation of the first chapter of Genesis, down to the latest edition of the Extra Herald, we know of none. . We ask, therefore, what is to be done—we ask Congress; we ask the politicians, the finan- ciers, the speculators, the saints and the rogues, the pious and the good—we ask all, what is to be done? Crry Postacgse—Post Orvice Asusgs.—The complaints against the management of the Post Office Department in this city, have frequently called forth the indignant denunciations of the public and the press; and the abuses connected with the entire establishment, shouid meet with the grave and serious attention of every member who takes a part inthe national councils. The late reduction of postage, it was hoped, would have been extended to the city penny postage system. The removal of the post office from the Park to the old Dutch Church in Nassau street, and the refusal to establish a branch post office in the upper part of the city, was deemed a suffi- cient infliction upon the vast population of this rapidly rising and great national emporium. Apart from the delay of one or two days, du- ring which letters, both foreign and domestic, are detained in this post office, many loudly complain of being compelled to pay city postage for their letters. It so happens that a great por- tion of our population reside in hired apartments, of a higher or lower rate of rent, according to locality and condition. Take, for instance, the entire and populous sections of our city, from the Catherine Ferry, through the Bowery, and on to Union Square. The branch streets in this immense section, are all inhabited by owners or occupants of apartments whose business pursuits demand thelrabsence from their dwellings; and it frequently occurs, that should a postman call, the residents are absent—either themeelves, or the other members of their fami- lies. In such cases, the postman leaves, returns the letter to the office, marked “not at home,” and the next step is advertising. We will not undertake to say in how many instances a want of proper diligence on the part ot the postman, in the delivery of letters, hasresulted in the most se- rious inconvenience and injury, in cases of death, money matters, &c. It should also be borne in mind that the class of citizens to whom we refer, neither can afford time to call gularly at the office down town, nor tokeep boxes inthe establishment for the receipt of their letters. Let us observe how this system works. Every letteradvertised is charged an additional postage, as advertising duty, of four cents ; and thus a perfect, well systematised, and lucrative sort of shaving shop is attached to our Post Office Department, under the manage- ment of Cave Johnson and his agents. If this shaving shop were kept up for the purpose of shaving the merchants of Wall street, or the upper thousand, we should not thus com- plain. But when we fiad it in full blast, for some years past,, depriving the industrious masses of our population of a portion of their scanty earnings, we think it high.time to direct the attention of Congress to it. We trust that Congress will take up the matter, and do something this session to reform the gbuses we complain of. The evil is doubly telt in the upper part of our city, through Varick street, and all along through the Avenues, where this class of citizens are also most numerous—and who, whether the postman calls or the letters are advertised, must quietly submit, 1n either case, to the shave. Perhaps the removal of the post of- fice from the Park had been originally suggested by this new plan of Cave Johnson. At all events, on taking up files of the newspapers that were formerly in the pay of the post office, and com- paring them with the immense list ot names that are paraded every week in the columns of some of our contemporaries, it will appear pretty evi- dent that Cave Johnson’s new arrangement has turned out a rather profitable speculation—but, unfortunately, those who are made to suffer are the industrious, and in too many instances, the poor and the distressed. Tue Prestpentiat. Heratp.—This journal will be published once a week, ata dollar a year. It willbe the size of the daily Herald, and will be perfectly unique in its kind, It will contain all the political matter of the week-—giving all the movements of the different Presidential candi- dates and their friends, at full length. It wall also contain the money and produce markets.— Each number will contain a leading editorial article, embracing a philosophical view of the movements of the week—the progress of the can- didates—their chances of success—the rise and fall of the political barometer, so as to give to every man throughout the country a correct and accurate idea of the progress of the Presidential election. We have already had numerous inquiries for it, and doubt not it will have a tremendous cir- culation, judging from appearances—probably a hundred thousand subscribers Procress or tue Fine Ants.—The progress of the fine arts in this country is advancing won- derfully. other places where the ballet and tableaux vivants are exhibited, are crowded every night, and last night more than ever. A great revolution has been produced by the beautiful statue of Powers of the Greek Slave; it has created u perfect rage, so that there are now Greek Slaves to be seen in every part of the city. ‘The original one, however, commands the best and most refined audiences. a Morse Banks Breakinc.-The Susquehanna Bank, in Pennsylvania, is also a dead cock in | the pit. Its notes are refused by the banks, as it is reported. The New Hope and Delaware Banking Company must have been a horrible concern, [ts notes are selling for ten cents the | dollar—-worse even than the Plainfield notes, for they fetoh forty cente, What bank in New Jer Palmo’s, Pinteux’s, the Chatham, and | most unprecedented. We do not believe that| [INTELLIGENCE BY T | TO THE LATEST MOMENT LAST NIGHT, BY OVERLAND EXPRESS. LATE AND IMPURTANT FROM MEXICO. Arrival of Gen, Patterson at the Capital. Mexican Congressional Aifairs. RUMORS OF PEACE. Disturbances in the City of Mexico, LATER FROM TAMPICO. A SEVERE NORTHER AT VERA CRUZ. ke, &e, be, 28, 1647. By Overland Express this morning, we have advices fom New Orleans of the 22d. The steamer Teviot had arrived from Vera Cruz, whence she sailed on the 20th. Gen. Patterson had reached the capital, having left a garrison at Rio Frio, which would be made a perroanent. depot. Congress remained in session. and had a quoyum on the 6th iust., our latest date from Queretaro. Some rumors were circulating of a design baing enter- tained by government, of sending Mexican cemrals- sioners to meet at Havena, and arrange terms of a treaty of peace. Col. Bankhead, the new Governor of Vera Cruz, had issued orders, until further notice, to the effect that the routine of public business would continue as establihed by his predecessor, Col. Wilson. The Vera Crus paper says that the Mexican gpvern- ment had oalled on Generals Canalizo, Alcorta, and Lombardini, to take up arms, offering them commissions in the new army. ‘This was disapproved of by the Moni tor Republicano, which observes that their cowardice- or want of capacity renders them unworthy of com! mands. The North American of the 14th, gives an account of a serious affray which ocourred «t the capital on Sanday, the 12th. Three men of the lst and 2d Pennsylvanian: were attacked in the streets by a mob of leperos, in th western part of the olty, and one of them, Luke Floyd, ‘was badiy wounded. Two of them escaped,and having procured the assistance of the guard, they shot three of the Mexioens dead, and wounded several others, Lieut, Whipple, adjutant of the 9th, who was taken by the guerrillas near Vera Cruz, in July, and supposed to have been murdered by them, is now at Puebla, acting as adjutant general to General Lane. A gentleman who recently conversed with Lieutenant Whipple, states that several letters addressed to Governor Wilson, bear- ing his signature, and published im the New York pa- pers,are forgeries. He wrote but one letter that was pub- lished in a New York paper. Orders were issued by Col. Hughas on being appoint- ed Military and Civil Governor of Jakapa, to the follow- ing effect :— 1. He offers a general and perfect antnesty to all prr- sons within his government, who, having born arms against the United States, may tender their allegiance Twelve days are given to these who do not reside within twenty miles of the city, and six days to those residing within that distance, to report to him in person, give their parole of honor not again to take arms against the United States during the war, nor to interfere in any manner in hostilities. The proclamation contains other orders, and is quite lengthy vere prenalties are provided for those who break their parole, &@. Capt. James Smith, of the 3d Infantry, died at En- cerro on the morning of the 4th inst., of aongestion of the brain. A severe norther prevailed at Vera Cruz on the 13th. Three schooners were driven ashore. Asailor, named John Arland,who deserted frotm the United States schooner Flirt, and joined a company of dragoons, was arrested, ta. be taken baok to the Flirt. He attempted to escape again, and was shot by the sen- tinel posted at the guard house. Fashion, from Tampico, and Brazos, ar- ew Orleans on the morniog of the 22d. Several officers, and sixty discharged soldiers, from Bra, 508, came passengers. ‘We learn by a private letter that the brig Jennetfe, of New York, loaded with commissaries stores got qn the bar on the 12th. The cargo wastaken out in good order, and the vessel got off in pretty good condition She was sent in to the Brazos for repairs. , No news from Gen, Lane, or the (valley of the Rio Grande. THIRTIETH CONGRESS. FIRST SESSION, Senate. Wasutveton, Deo, 28, 1847. THE REMAINS OF BENATOR FAIRFIELD, The galleries of the Senate Chamber were crowded at Re an early hour, by a large concourse of people, to witners the funeral ceremonies to be paid to the last remains of Senator Fairfield; but the Committ:e of Arrangements reported to the effect, that the body was to leave this evening, by the Baltimore Railroad, en route for the State of Maine. Mr. Nixes, from the Funeral Committee, reported the order of arrangements made, with the concurrence of the relatives, for the funeral of the late Senator Fair field. Resolutions accompanying the report were adopt- ed—that the Vice President and Senate, with the Speaker and the House of Representatives, would join the procession; that the Chaplain of the Senate preach the funeral discourse, on Sunday, at the Capitol ; and that the usual appropriation for a public funeral be placed in the hands of Mr. Clark, representative from Maine, to defray the expense of conveying the body to its final resting-place. The resolutions having been unanimously adopted, the Senate adjourned. House of Representatives, NAYY DEPARTMENT, The speaker presented a letter from the Secretary of the Navy, with an abstract of the contingent expendi- tures of the Department. 4 PEACE PETITION. A petition from the American Peace Societyof Bos- ton, praying the adoption of measures for restoriog peace was presented. U. #. DRY DOCK AT NEW YORK. Mr. Kina, of Geogia, presented « communication fcom the Secretary of the Navy, asking an sppropria- tion of one hundred end fifty thousand dollars for im- mediate use in constructing the U. 8. Dry Dock at New York, in anticipation of appropriations for the next fiscal year, and stating tbat unless the appropriations were made, the work would have to be stopped, and dis- astrous consequences ensue. It was referred. INDIAN AFFAIRS. Aresolution of inquiry was offered by Mr. Sawyer, and adopted, as to the expediency of excluding white traders from the Indian territories, and confining the trade therein exclusively to Indian residents. THANKS TO GEM. SCOTT, ETC, Mr. Wasnincton Hunt offered a joint resolution of thanks to General Scott, his bfficers and troops, for their distinguished gallantry and good conduct, and provi- ding§s gold medal for General Scott and other officers SLAVERY IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ‘ Mr. Smitu of Indlana presented a peticion from the | eitizeus of that State, for the abolition ofslavery in the District of Columbia and Territories of the United States, and the suppression of the internal slave trade. He moved its reference to the Committee on the District of Columbia Mr. Camprie moved to lay it on the table. Mr. Root demanded the yeas and nays on the last motion, which were ordered. Yoas 76,nays70. It was laid on the table. Mr. Cocky submitted # resolution inquiring by what sathority goode carried into Mexico from the United | States were taxed, which was laid over. THY FUNERAL OF SENATOR FAIRFIELD. A message was then received from the Sonate, with the proceedings of that body,a relative to the funeral of Senator Fairfield. On motion of Mr. Wrivtams, the House coneurred with the Senate, resolved to attend the funeral, and then adjourned. Faneral of Senator Fairfield, Wasninaton, Deo, 28, 1947. ‘The funeral procession formed at the boarding house of the late Senator at half past four o’olock, His body was conveyed thenos to the rallroad curs, and deliverod jn. charge of Mr. Ulark, representative from Maine, who country, at this moment, ie moat estruordinaryr | Moy ef Peanwylyania will come nest? Do tell. — | accompanied by the relatives of the deconted, proceeds aE EEREEERREteEtmeneteemeemeemaereecemmmnenan ELEGRAPH , tithbis charse to Saco, Me, where it will be interred ts | | notwithstanding that he was forced to the to} the fumily burial ground. The funeral was attended by both houses of Congress, preceded by their officers members of the cabinet, officers of the government an of the army and foreign ministers, citizens, ko. Serlous Accident, Wasmixoron, Dec. 23, 1847. Mr. Pettit, member of Congress from [ndiana, fell las night, and broke his lrg. The Fugitive Siave Case. Privaperrmia, Deo. 26, 1847. Judge Kane discharged Samuel Smith, the fagitiv: slave, from custody, this afternoon, on the ground thi the papers proving his ownership by Mr. Worth, hii master, were’ not properly certifled to. Upon the con clusion of the case, Smith was taken possession of on ¢ bail piece by # friend, who had given security for his ap pearance in a suit for conspiracy against the offloers, for arresting him on false charges; and be is, probably, now on his way East by underground railroad. Collusion at Sea and Loss of Life. Bowron, Dec 28—P. M. ‘The schr, Effort, Bartlett master, from Philadelphia for Newburyport, was ran into at uridoight, on the 94th instant, off the Isle Shoals, by schr Bellona, Allen, mas. ter, of Boston, for Sedgewiok. Henry Stickman end J H, Brown got on board the Bellona. The Effort sunk shortly after. Capt Bartlett. Gideon Hickman, mate: and John Macon, were lost. The Effort wasa good and staunch vessel, of eighty-sever tons burthen. She was insured for $2,500 in the Neptune office, Boston, Mark New Oxreans, Deo. 21.—Cotton—Sales of goo mia- dling at 6 to 744. Sugar has declined. Mols ses re. main asat last report. Flour has declined. ‘jp freighte there is nothing new. In exchanges there ie, 9 fair de. mand. Cixctxnats, Dec. 28.—Flour—Sales of AY bbls. were made, including City Mills and country’ brands, at $4 75. The grain market was quiet, ap; prices had a downward tendency. Provision WW .rket—Hogs—Sales of 1,000 head were mado at $2 26 » $2.50 a $2 62%, a0- cording to quality. Now bams/ynd choulders were sell. fog at $425 & $475. [ard wasinactive. Whiskey— Sales continued to be m/e at 19¢., but the market o'osed lees firm, with # dit” osition to decline. ‘The river was slowly falling, though in good boating order, Bautimonr, Dec. 4, 1847,—Flour—The market was rather heavy, and 7 ales of 1000 bbls Howard streot were made, in small le te, at $6 26 a $6 3736; at the close, $6 & $6 25 were the best offering rates, Whoeat—Sales of 6000 bushela were made, including M: $1 36, and of Maryland white d. at $148, Geeaet Sales of 100%) bushels wera made, includiog Maryland yates srt se ec sa yellow do, at 620 Provi- —Noy change. isk y—Dull, todecling. Weather milder, bp debetgh ieee) Boston, Deormber 28.—Flour.—'The market continu. e4 ratbler dull, and sales of 700 bls. were made at $6 374% and $6 50, including separate lots Genesee, Mi- chigan, ko. made chiafly to the trade, Corn—Sales of 4000 bushels were tnade. including vertern mixed, at 75 cents. and yellow at 79 centr, which showed a slight dctine in prices compared with the sales of yesterday. Gats—Sales of 2000 bushels were mare at 50 to 62 cents, Rye remained steady at $1 00, Provisions were uiet, and small sales were made at previous rates. Freighte— Rates were dull, and not much doing, ping Intetigence. Shi New Orteans, Dec 21—.}d bara California, Now York. —— Take Cane.—A gentleman residing in the upper part of Broadway, hearing, soon after din- ner yesterday, a newsboy cry out ‘“Here’s the Extra ’£rald, got great news from Mexico,” sent outhis servu’st to purchase one: He found the boy on the corner of one of the cross streets, selling them off quite ra- pidly, to several gentlemen who were anx- ious to read the news. The servant bought acopy and took it home, when it was found to bee halfsheet of the third edition of the Tri- brne, with some Mexican intelligence, the tele- Braphic report of which appeared in the Herald, on Sunday last. The little rascals who thus cheat the public, ought not to be tolerated by the purchasers of extras. Navat.—United States sloop of war Marion remained at Gibraltar 17th ult. The report from the Lopdon Shipping Gazette, that she sailed 7th for Barcelona, was incorrect. Sporting Intelulgence. Trotting ar THe Usion Course, L. I.—The trot- ting match for $1,000, between br. g. Ripton, and g. m. Lady Suffolk, two mile heats, in harnees, took place yesterday afternoon, at the above track, and was won by the mare in two straight heats, with apparent ease. The stormy and snowy weather of the past week, has been sadly against this match, the track baving been rendered extremely heavy for such eport; yet notwith- standing all drawbacks against quick time, below will show that the speed of these famous nage cannot be much impaired by slight impediments. Cer- tainly, Lady Suffolk had the advantage, so far asthe weight of drivers was concerned—Mr. Bryant, herdriver, not exceeding regular trotting weight; while Ripton's driver, Mr. Woodruff, would bring down the beam by rome forty or fifty pounds; and although he may be it skilful whip in the land, his great weight will tend to defeat, where his nag is otherwi-o closely matched A large concourse were on the ground at the time appointed for the start—the Long Island railroad cars having taken up a msjority of the crowd ‘This exhibits the deep and abiding interest of u great pore tion of our population for the sports of the turf, partiou- larly at a time so unseasonable as the present; aad manifests, unequivocally, that they will not permit an opportunity to escape that allows a recurrence of their favorite diversion. Yesterday the wea her was raw, bleak and unpleasant, notwithstendiog thst the sun. shone out, at times, in @ melting mood; yet thera were on the roads a goodly mumber of fast nags, gaudy vehicles, and the latest f.shioned robes, beiom ring to the real, true blue, dashing, sportsmen of the North, who suffer neither the hot, piercing reya of the mid- summer sun, nor the oold bieak winds of December, to foterrupt their punctual attendance, whenever end wherever good sport is anticipated Excitement had risen to such a height on this match, since the posting of the stakes, that more money bon wagered on it than on any similar affair ju the Vaited States, for several yerrs past—the m+jor part of the amount being stak venly, and the betting ranged at that point until nee> the time of starting, with but few trifling exceptions At the start, the mare became the favorite,"at about 10 to 60, Preliminaries having ven arranged, Messrs. Jackson, Green, and Berry appointed judges, the drivers weighed, and the usual admonitions about fair play, &c. &o., got through with, the nags were summoned for THE CONTEST, First Heat.—Lady Suffolk drew the inside position, and, as she passed down the track to take her place, she peared in most perfect condition, exhibiting great care skillon the partof herowner. Her beautifal white very fine, reflecting great sredit on his trainer track being cleared, the nags came up ata rapid pace for the word; but on nearing the stand, Lady Suffolk broke up. ‘hey made a seoond attempt, which was likewise a failure, and the friends o: the mare began to feel dubious about her disposition. The third attempt, bowever, was successful, and the nags started finely to- gether. ‘Rounding the turn, inside the draw.gate. Rip- ton broke up.and feil off three or four lengths before hw re- covered. The mare maintained the advantage thus gained to the quarter pole,which she passed in 33 seconds. Down the back stretch Ripton made up but very little ofthe gap, andthe mare reached the half-mile poie in 1:16, ap- parently as far in the lead as she was at the quarter. bhe broke soon after leaving the half mile pole, bat it was #0 very alight, that no p-roertible loss uf speed or | Diep wasoocasioned thereby. Ripton, on nearing the ome stretch, began to c'ose with Suffolk, and bis friends supposed that be would be able to rake the lend} and of his speed for that purpose, Lady Suffolk crossed the toore three lengths! ahead of bim,in 2:37. This mile seem- ed to have been quite enough for the little horse, for in going round the upper turn, he fell off about twenty ds or more ; and from there to the termination of the was never able to take sides with hia more fleet and Round the lower turn, and up the ‘ery exertion wan used by Mr Wood- eat; but all without avail—the sare could not be overtaken ; she caine to the soore threo bs in front, greatly fatiguea, but at the same time an mile 2 ppearing to know that she was victorious, aud wary second heat before her, Time of the la I:41}6, making the beat 6:18)5. Srcond Heat.—Lady Suffolk now became the favorite; 100 to 60, 100 to 60, and 100 to 40, were offered with the Greatest impunity But very few of the bauters were accepted t the first attempt, the (a got the word, and the mare dashed from the score. She beat him round ,the turn, opened, the gap to the quarter, which she psrsed in 88 seconds; and at the half milepol t yards or more abead, it was ven at this early pact ot the hest, tbat Riptoa had no chance to win; and notbing but an accident to the mare could save him trom defeat. The mare kept steadily at work, ‘aod crossed tho score nearly thirty yards iv advances of thy horse, in 2:58 The next mile was very Fimilar to the previous one; the mare joading oll the way ronod, and winning the heat and race with «ppsrent ense. ‘Time of Inst wile, 2:47}4; and of the heat, 6:25). REGAPITULATION D. Bryant, g. m. Lady Suffolk. . 6.4. H Woodrulf, br. g, Ripto Time — First Heat < ‘ume | Firat mile. 2:87 First mile... Second mile. ...+ 4% Second mile. Totals occ ce vee Bl 8e Total... cece OOM Puciisa.—'Pwo of the New York fancy contend in the prize ring, to-day. for pugillatic honors, A sienw boat wiilleave the foot of Canal street, pler No. |, and the foot of Market atreet, at en carly hour, this moray ing, For the roan of aation,