The New York Herald Newspaper, March 15, 1847, Page 1

Tet. SU, Ho, 73 ~Whole we, 4670 THE NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR. Circulation---Forty Thousand, DAILY HERALD—Every cay, Price 2 cents per copy—$? rannuin-payable in advance. 4 cents 6 fe ELKLY ERALD—Every evn a s am e P RALD POR EUROPE every Sout ee das Fri¢e 6M cents per copy—$3 per aunum, je inad- | ANNUAL PICTORIAL ‘D—Published on the ofeach Tisretnale copie each, ADVERTISH SERTS: in “ at ‘ust pi ways ca fa ad ments should be written in & Pisin, legible me i a Pro feta wall not be Tesponsitie fof errors that . eeNTING ofall Kinds executed beautifully and with by mail, addressed te the be. post paid, or th rc Ome posse will pe de- u ‘iption mou qe JAMES GURDON BENNET . | Proprietor of the jew Yorw Baperp Estap.isument, Narth W. ‘ner of Walton avd Nassau stracts RAV PLL AUC MUM ARIORS HANGE OF HOURS f ; WINTER ARRANGEMENT —oa and after Monday, Dec, 2, 1946, Trains wil run ea follows Laan So ookiinemat Todtock A. Mt, (Bose train) for (Grenepart daily Concopt Sunday) atoprits st Fermieedale and Bt, George's Manor, aS ., daily, for Greenport and finterme- late places: “ tt M. for Wanningdate, daily. Leave Guxeatonr—ai 0G AB, daily seeorutnodation train 1 994 P: M, (Boston Train) ox 02 the arrival of the boat fron Norwi h, daily, (except San- # aS ded #¢ Bt, George's Mane’? ced ‘arm rte. A.M. daily, (exe ) Tae Tes econo te tala; aad if £ sad ‘ey o'el « A. . . My ane ESAYS: JAXAIS Se, ‘Bapalten, or On ths artiea of peter SUNDAY Thal NS wiil hereafter ran to Thoryson Sta os Jeave Brooklyn aus ot for sam pson and Sieme nce places, (commenctig Bandas the Sth Usrember, retary ie: ve Phoupron au? o’elock P. M., Kesmingdale 252, Ta-Bedford, & conte; East Now Yark, 1954) Race se, 1884; Tro} urse. 1884; Jamarea, 24; brushville, de Park, (17 tiles) 3734; Clowsville, (during the ses- sion of Court) 3734; Hempstend, 37343 Branch 913g; Carl Place, 44; Westbury, 44; pokey. 44; Fartoingdale, 6234; eer Fark, 69: ‘Thompson, 88; Suffolk Station, $1; Lake Rond Bestion, $1 166; Medford Suation, $1 18%: Yaphanit, $1 3734; | nor, $1 6234; Riverhead, $1 6234; Jamesport, | Mattetuck, $1 6254; Cutehogue, $1 623g; Southold, Greenport’ Accom: jon ‘rnin, $175; Bostos | Stages are in readiness on the arrive! of Troins at the x cal areas to take Passengers at very low fures, io al! parts if ot Fegcece Crates will be in readiness at the foot of Whitehall sreel, to rec eo fur the bat 30 minutes verte atinbeee "Beatensian® lenvaa, Croenvort for Bag Ha ie es! ' leaves ir boron the arrival ofthe Boston train from Brookive isch NEW YORK, MO NDAY MORNING, MARCH 15 FROM .THE EAST. “ Reeling’s bright embodied form,” The color imparted thus to the roof and like the polish of ordinery stove lustre, but be the result of seme peculiarity in ora separ of ular not learn. 'e lin, ‘Troup, chatting away ine manner only commensurable Sith the frequent obscurity of conve rt shocking mixture of bad lish part, of worse Kroo on ours. But as ee downward merch in the western ak, w a | few sixpences, and retreated ly, with the laugh ef the merry scramblers in our ears. process of barkation, and the retracing of pathway, brought u egain at the Founa quite @ waiting the moments the re-a] of few ) to arrange his toilete, id we foilowed him to the “* porch, by the by und Diew Merci, | to my surprise, | found myself seated uy | left, an honor,! honestly confess, wh | ry mantling of the blood to wy cheek, inasmuch ur party had ordered a se ite dinner, and as per. ths s first practical opposition | hed met to principles ; but appetite, and the necessity of | doing in Rome Romans do,” were forcible ° | ments which | could not resist. A barricade, formed by bg glare of celery, and a now elroulating bottle st. phe however, quite concealed the conspicuous position | enjoyed, aud gave me a tolerable opportunity of reconpoitering the perty. The compeny consisted of the doctor and purser, the supercargo ofa Dutch tradi vessel, a little sickly looking agent from some comme! | cial house in Bremen, our host und hostess, together with two or three midehipinen, among whom was" your | obd’tserv’t.” The conversation was engrossed by theColo- nel aud the older ones at table, being for the mor 4 in reference to the prospects of the colony, mingled with | wn occosionally ludicrous compliment, “ suitable to the ce, aud the relation of the parties,” which was duly ° swallowed, con mueho gusto, by our worthy host with bis dinner. And, although many of them Were calcula | ted to seriously affect the risibles of a hypocboudtiee, was tou hungry and degouié to enjoy them. But,injustice to the Colonel | cannot refrein from adding, that he onco | was in possession of many redeeming qualities, even if | these days of vocillancy aud change have given hun the slip, and lett him among the neglected “ hes teczs”—-In | years ogoue his entertainments were gratis, and many « | one who now despises his meons of living, was doubdesa | ouce u greedy pattuker atthe shrine of his bounty. if | the Colon] bas been a lithe politic, it is Lobody’a bus | ness, and, indeed, L can say to Lim with all sincerity, not- withstanding the irreristivie outvurstof my political pro- | tessions, estimo te magni, ‘The shaden of twilight fell softly above ua, and tine west was mellowed ito a thousand brilliant tints by the | fittul gleams of eunvet. The geutlo song of muny @ warbling bird, tung delighttuly umong the tall trees upon Mesurado ; and here und there, the musical burst of | Sinad-cap rivulet, in its hurried course to the shining | sand beach beneath, came to us, with @ memory of our dish years, us glaiuing as ie ‘own impeitoalty. ‘The w the roudstead wero as plarid as the brow of a | quiloloss woman, and enly new and then was heard, the | cold sepulchural tone of billow as it broke upon the ‘8 of mboats ii would do well1o pay a | ge—-——————————— Visit on ‘steamboats Niagara, Irom ‘Witeh, Governor, iron b Stevens, Worcester, yeiler, Thomas Powell, &e., aud exa ER's MONTHLY PAY OF U. 8. ARMY OFFICERS. impreved style of Bell Hangeug. put up neat and strong, and Major General, Yarranted for one year, by H-H.No.8 Annet, f21 imérre | Brilessetgeneay * * es NOTICE, Adjutant General. see . On and alter Friday, November 20th, the | Firat Assistant Adjutant General. boat 8 2 Braisted, ‘will Second Assistant Adjutant General. . Inspector General... ...... Quartermaster General, Assistant Quartermaster steam! LPH, Captain make the following trips to and from Staten sleud until further notice, viz = enve New Yor! At FA A.M. Leave Staten lalaed At 8 w han EGULAR MAIL LINE FOR BOSTON. Vi NOR WION. & WOR. change. of or withon crossing any Fe: svete line herr gents og 4+ ts through to ton. is bei t communicates through by wenyers by this line are »ecompanied y the ¢ ductor of the train, who will have particasar charge of their baggage, and who will otherwise give his attention to their ense and comfort. ‘This line Leaves sonth side Pier No. 1, North River, foot rv Place, daily, (Sundays excepted) at 4 o’clock, P. M., end ar:.ves in n_in time to take all eastorn trains. ‘i ESTER, Capt. Van Pelt, le: days, at 4 o’cloc! orwich, are faaved chert ing the only inlaud route M boat” an railroad. Puesday, Thursday, and clei, F. “Pie steamer’ CLEOPATRA, Captain Williams, hes every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, at 4 o'clock’ P.M, Bor further {afonmatiog,faquire of J. VANDERBILT, No. # Battery Ulace, North River, 435 tf re WINTER ARKANGEMENTS.—The Norwich, Worcester and Boston Ryil Road = and Stents, Transportation Line—‘the tub- stantial steam propeller Tri ull, aptain Dani javens: will run regularly between Norwich aud New ¥. ‘ BE. bye passugura week: leaving New York trom For freight, which will be taken at summer ra oF passage, having elegant accommodations apply to the Captain, on board, or to S 'é. A. BILL, Norwich, Coun., and to Im*r JUN. BRIGGS, 40 Routh at. NewYork. | Sooond Lietlenant jorse Power each, ux : ; a rontact with the Lords of the Adm: | List of officers attached tothe U. 8. bomb vessel Etna, late schooner Wolcott:—Commander, G. J. Van Brunt; Lieutenants, George R. Gray, and Benjamin F. Shattuck; Passed Assistant Su 0, John 8. Messersmitb: Acting Master, Charles E. Fleming; Passed Midshipmen, Thos. bead and Julius 8. Bohren; Aeting Gunner, Edward . Hudson. Capt. A. Ryrie i. joston, vhs Helifess a8 fol Wasuineton, March 7, 1847. The Twenty-Ninth Congress—The Mexican War. In tracing to their first causes the various politi- cal results that present themselves to notice in the ‘ous Bostox to Liverpool rom Boston to Halifax No berths secured unti ‘4 ‘carry ex- | history of the Twenty-Ninth Congress, [ will find menced surgeons. No trelght, except specie, received os | i+ necessary to mention in connection with them or freight, presage, or any other informstios, apply to names deservedly high in the world’s esteem. ti a LtAies Dew &CO."%.6 al st, Need I say such mention will be made in all cour- Hie Mand Bouton, a contrast: ho be aumedibe we tesy? and because, to be silent regarding such men arpoal snd Newt Vork divest, The teuuatine feos ey, | a8 Mr. Calhoun, Mr. Benton, Mr. Cass, and fine notice vill others, would be to omit an important portion of t the y every y during eight | the history of the period I treat of. I have no po- aan ie eye TTerantele bere eee ieacuney, months nthe | Jitical animosity or partiality to gratify. My ob- did Bonton, and between Liverpool aud New York. +a I | ject is to spevk the truth impartially. NLL ND BUKOPEAN EM). I have said the Mexican war will be regarded RANT OFFICE. by posterity as the great event of the ‘l'wenty- Nw © Ds G 9 Ca Fao Ninth Congress. Men will be apt to enquire why ERN AGE, BAN ({pOMMIssION ity to those wi ° the recognition of the war was opposed—why the IE anbicribers having President of the United States was denounced as T ‘ness,are prepared to off having by his imprudence calied it into existence? fi —who opposed and who sustained its prosecution? and, moreover, why the measures necessary for its vigorous presecution were delayed from the beginning to the close of a session of three months duration, when it was known that every day’s de- lay was of material detriment to the public in- terests? Let me endeavor to answer these ques- tions. Mr. Clay, Mr. Van Buren, and Mr. Wright, when their opinion wag asked on the annexation of Texas, d: clared against that measure, predict- ing that it would involve us in a war with Mexico. Mr. Calhoun sconted this idea, and deciared it to be his firm conviction that theretould be no war. That the annexation of Texas was the primary cause of the war, there is not a shadow oj doubt. The moment the act was consummated here, the Mexican minister, Almonte, demanded his pass- ports, declaring that his government would hold the United States to account for what he designated an Outrageous act of aggression on the nights of Mexico. From the time Mexico received official intimation of the annexation to the United States, as far as the act of this government had force, of a State to which she still set up (an empty) title, she prepared for war. From that time a state of war actually existed, although hostilities had not yet commenced. Our government endeavored by conciliation and kindness to arrest the threat- ened rupture. As soon as Mexico intimated her willingness to treat, a minister was sent. It was pete when our offers of amity were contumeli- ously rejected—when our minister was insulted ~when to have withheld our army longer from the defence of the boundary would have been suicidal, that General oe lng received orders to advance to the Rio Grande, Even then we for- bore until longer to forbear would have been cri- minal. A number of otr soldiers were murdered before we struck agblow. ‘ But Mr. Calhoun had predicted that war could not result from the annexation of ‘Texas, and he doubuess believed so. His mind was prepared then to reject every evidence tending to falsily his prediction, and even when we received the disastrous news of the murder of Colonel Cross and the eutting off of Thornton’s dragoons, he still counselled against the recognition of war. wannah or Ty lowest ie, Lonis, &e., by steamboats, rai e first’ class—and teat care will . ERD 140 South street, corn * and 56 Weat atieet. corner of Rector, fwim*rre WALDRON O’HERN & CO., Liverpool. ARSAGE TO AND FKOM LIVERPOOL, BY THE NEW LINE OF PACKETS. Packet of the 2tst of March.—Th- sp'endid, fu sailing gy P ROSCIUS, 1:00 tous burth lover, superior to any other line. Fers'us wishing 10 secure berths should not fail to make cariy application on board. foot of Wall street, or to & J.T. TsP8COTT, At their General Passage Oifice, 86 South street, Second door below ee GON IN, or E RIPPAKD ib NEW eo new and aplendid PNCOTT, 95 Waterloo Road. Capt. Whitremore, in now hi dis Seot- tion (if mil rh above. her regular day. For freight or passage, having superior accommedstions, apply on board, at Orleans pe dectel Wall orto isiana—New York e ouly regular packet par ket bark AVOLA, aad will positively sal as + OF UF 8, 06 South st. ailing punetually N. 8. —Sinppers mey rely on this ve hs ' as advertig But Congr disregarding this cuunsel, did with 4 Corey no goods will be received after Wednesday eve- | commendable nity and unanimity ‘recogaise Agents in New Orleans, JOHN O. WOODRUFF & CO., | the war. Mr, Calhoun has ever since been en- who wilt promptly forward all goods to their address deavoring, with the aid of circumstantial evi- all SBN TINE OFF CREF dence, aatant Pai Peder by proving eat eee F ah *CKETe—Packet of | that the President of the United States, and not UMAOWICR, Marten Cait SR WELUING TON: | Mexico, hed.taken the initiative, and’ brought . about the wat, ‘Vo the fact (exclusively) that he Poatenpees node ions for ‘“abin, Second abja predicted that war could not result from the an- port. Porsdve wishin pe tinh eh rete eae? nexation of Texas, many would ascribe his oppo- tion on board, foot of Maiven Lane, or to sition to the recognition of the war, and his desire J. M to inculpate the President in its origination Ido ‘ i + -20r, Sout 1 stre {such a man aeM Persons desirons of sensing f not. W en once the mind of such a man re bronght the ‘above ship oF tay et tho rennin’ receives a certain bent, the smallest circumstai ; f pack-ts, by apply iui na al imhit s.tre ~ WA sh to 200 0 wv Nod ve. will be en YD & HINCK ‘ontine Saidiogn, ces will bias his judgment, “ Trifles light as air, afford aliment to his convictious. very evi- dence that tends to strengthen his opinion, is sought after, and swallowed and digested, : All ¢ burthen on the month. Apply 0.68 Wall stroot. testimony serving to invalidate his case, is reject- ed. Mr. Calhoun’s conviction was that the an- nexation of Texas could not result in war with Mexico; and although it has since so resulted, he has rejected every evidence that could at all shake that conviction, seeking to hinge the origin of the war on causes too frail to sustain his con- clusions. Thisis why he opposed the recognition of the war. He did not wish to admit, even with the fact staring him in the face, that war existed, When that fact was put be: ond cavil, as hecould not yet be forced to the belief that it was owing tothe annexation of Texas, he wascompelled te adopt and maintain the position that war existed by the act of the President of the United State. tis not iny patron to examine into the merits of either side of this question. Both sides are stated with signal ability—the one by Mr. Calhoun,— the othor by Mr. Soule, in his masterly and logic- al speech, beside which, as a defence of the U ni ted States against the charge of making war on Mexico, the President’s message of December last sinks into utter insignificance. With Mr. Calhoun and his friends (for, to the latter his word is law,) the whigs united, with what zeal I need not say, in denouneing the Pre- sident as having, by his act, brought the war into existence. They were for a time at fault, some ad- vocating, some opposing the war; but after the first month of the session just terminated, they settled down into the policy of denouncing the war as unjust and iniquitous in ity inception, professing, however, their willingness to vote the supplies necessary for its | rosecution.— At the same time they adopted the safest and most efficacious means of opposition. They did not exactly oppose—they procrastinated. They had no desire, they said, to embarrass the passage of administration measures for the prosecution of the war; but they desired to give their views on the general policy of the administration; and, ofcourse, the (nominal) majority in the Senate eould not be so discourteous as to refuse; and so itwent on from day to day. Speeches were made, and time was consumed They moved adjournments, called for divisions, and rezorted to every means the details of legislative busine afforded them to delay action on the various im- portant measures of the session. Mr. Calhoun and his friends were with them on almost every division; and thus they were enabled to carry ow: their procrastination policy, They were, be- sides, ever ready to take advantage of their op ponents, by fostering and availing themselves of the absurdest whimsicalities of the crotchety among the aUministration members, in order to Hoes delay. The democratic party in the enate had no leader; and if they had, they could have effected nothing, as they were in au abso- lute minority. Benton does not know how to lead; he attempts todrive. Sevier vas the real leader; although he, with all his excellent quali- fications for the command, was by no means uniformly successful in leading his munority, in solid phalanx, against the combined forces o Mr. Calhoun and the whigs. Some crotchety member would stray from the rank: wantonness; and his whim, how preposterous foever, would be at once caught up by the op- position, and magnified into a proposition of the ravest moment This course was pursued till the very last day of the session, and thus a great many important measures were defeaied = Mr. Benton’s course contributed in no small degree to the success of this system of tactics. He spent whole days in useless debate when his duty ‘was to press measures to a vote. Many excellent measures would have been passed the last two days of the session, but for his idle opposition to a resolution which he knew would be carried. General Cass gave the war and the administration a pretty uniform support the last session, although some of his friends in the House were in fierce hostility to the administration. Bat, with the exception of the Calhoun party, the democrats were all in favor of the war. So tar the Senate, In the Honse things stood nearly in a similar sition, The administration party had no jeader, Alarge portion of the democratic party was in undirguised opposition. In addition to Mr. Cathoun’s triends, some of the ultra fiity-four forty men, tae friends of Mr. Wright, and the enemies of Mr. Walker, were in open hostility. Tbe Wilmot proviso brought the North into antagonism with the South, and its discussion consumed much valuable time, to no purpose, I trust I have thu own, in @ lew worls, why the recognition of the war was opposed; why the President was denounced 'as having called it into existence—who opposed and who sustained its prosecution—and why the measures neves- gary for its vigorous prosecution were delayed from the beginning to the close of the session of Congress just terminated. fe J Altuougo there was a provoking and factious delay in passing these measures, they were all perfected at lust—the treasury note and loan bill—the bill for raising ten additional regiments, anda si; ‘plemental bail to organize them into bri- gades «..t divisions under the proper oflicers— the bill granting additional bounty to soidiers— the appropriation for the army and navy, and the many other minor measures necessary for the prosecution of the war, have all passed into law. Lhe three million appropriation bill, too, passed Without the meaningless proviso sought to be at- tached toit, So that, though faction was ram- pant during the last session of Congress, the po- pular will, which is strongly in favor of the war, triumphed over party bias im the passage of every measure necessary tur its prosecution. GALVIENSIS. Wasnineton, March 8, 1847. The Twenty-Ninih Congress—Parties. T have already glanced at the position of the various parties in the Twenty-Ninth Congress, in relation to the Oregon question and the Mexican war. Their position on the tariff and sub-treasury questions—tle two most important of the sossion next to those | have already treated of—is too well understood to demand particular notice. With the ex :eption of a few delegations, the democratic party supported the tariff of 1846, and the whig party, with still fewer exceptions, opposed it.— New York and Pennsylvania, the two democratic States, the delegations of which gave it most signal opposition, did not sustain the course of their representatives when they presented them- selves for re-election. In Pennsylvania, the only democrat who voted for the tariff of 1846 was re- elected, and most of those who opposed it were defeated. In New York, at the last election, the tariff question was not made a general issue, and it exercised little, if any, influence in controlling the vote of the State. The excitement which its passage eaused nas altogether subsided, and it is likely to remain for years undisturbed, with the exception, perhaps, of a slight modification, for the purpose of raising additional revenue The sub-treasury has net yet been suificiently tested to enable one to form a definite opinion of the influence it is destined to exercise on the monetary affairs of the country. Still more on the question of the passage of this measure than on that of the tariff, were the party lines distinctly drawn. Whigs opposed and democrats supported it with very fewexceptions. It wasan old party question, and there was very little variance of opinion, except between the parties The public attention is so much occupied by the grave ques- tions affecting our foreign relations, that neither the tariff nor the sub-treasury has lately attracted the interest of the people to sey greatextent. In 1840 the sub-treasury, and in 1844 the tariff were the all absorbing-questions. Now every question of domestie tae is—if not disregarded—at least regarded as but of secondary importance. They have been so regarded during the session just closed, although during the one preceding it, 1 need not s3y they excited a great deal interest, T have said before, the two great political orga- nizations have been, Sunny this Congress, split up into many sections. his sub-division and mingling of parties is the great characteristic of the twenty-ninth Congress. ‘I'he barriers of party have all been thrown down. Whigs, democrats, natives and abolitionists, have, at some time or another during the last two sessions lost their par- tisan individuality, and side by side, shoulder to shoulder, the abolitionist of the north, and the slaveholder of the south—the red-hot enthusiasts democrat of Illinois, and the cool, cautious whig o! Massachusetts—have been found advocating or opposing the same measure. Again, western de- mocrat and eastern whig have fought sgainst southern democrat and southern whig. But the combinations are too complicated and manifold to be traced and unravelled. Ican but endeavor to furnish a key to some of the most prominent. At the commencement of the first session of the last Congress, the two parties were severally united—at its close their disruption was com- plete. The Oregon question first broke the har- mony of the democrats. The whigs stood pretty well together until the Wilmot proviso shattered their union. During the whole of the two ses- sions, the friends of Mr. Calhoun have maintained a distinct and separate organization. ‘The ad- ministration has had, as yet, no distinct party. The partisans of Mr. Wright attempted to organ- ize themselves last session, and failed to effect anght but mischief both to Mr. Wright and to the public interests. Their natural enemies are the friends of Mr. Cass, who, with a few exceptions, have conducted themselves, so far, with com- mendable propriety. ‘) be Oregon question arrayed the West against the South and a portion of the North. * Forty. nine men” and “ fify-tone-forty men” were, for atime, the only two parties in Congress— whigs and democrats were found in both tions. The South, desirous of limiting the acces- sion of strength to the Wi 4 the line of the forty-ninth parallel. joined by the commercial men ofthe North. These com- bined forces triumphed. Bat the Western men, though infuriated, were not yet nearly so much sous they afterwards became. They assisted in passing the tariff bill, on the tacit understanding as they allege, that they would have the support of the South on the river and harbor bill. ‘That measure passed,and was vetoed by the President. Then the measure of their wrath was indeed full; but it did not overflow until they were deserted by the Southern democrats, who had previously assisted them to pass the bill, on the vote to re- verse the President’s veto, by a constitutional ma- jority of two-thirds. From this maddened state of feeling sprang the celebrated Wilmot proviso. It was hatched in the heat of the rage and resentment engendered in the breasts of the western inembers, first by the course of the South on the Oregon question, and afterwards by the veto of the River and Har- bor bill, and the desertion of the South on the motion to reverse that veto. The appropria- tioa of two millions of dollars asked for by the President, to enable him to make peace with Mexico, was seized as the means of embarrass- ing him and annoying the South. The eastern democrats, Who had been with the South on the Oregon question, united with the west in support of the Wilmot proviso, as slavery is aught but a popular institution at the north; and thus a pow- erful combina’ion was formed against the South. Ic was at the close of the session—men lad not leisure to examine the proposicion, and if they had they were too much blinded by passion on the one part, and love of popularity on the ovher, © to heed its absurdity. It passed the House by a large majority. It could not have passed the Senate. haist the House was in the extraordi- nary ferment produced by the violent contention of sectional interests, the session came to a close, and every body went home dissatisfied with him- self and with every body else. The last session opened with the consideration and discussion of the war question. The two parties were again for a time distinct. The whigs at the commencement of the session, blun- dered into violent opposition te the war, and fu- darkened rocks of the Cape. ‘It was an eve, intensely beautiful—an eve Calm as the slumber of a lovely girl Dreaming of hope.” But the glist’ning dew drops, like gentle spirits, cam; ero the tints of twilight fadea trom the re ag eee ne that we were in a deadly clime. PAT. rious denunciation of the President. The demo- crats were driven, some of them,to unwilling sup- port of the administration, in self defence. But as soon as the whigs adopted the milder and more efficient policy of procrastination, and the pres- sure upon the ranks of the democrats had par- | tially ceased, dissension began to appear in the midst of the latter. The friends of Mr. Calhoun, in the Senate, and those of Mr. Wright, in the House, were most active in producing this dis- union. The Wilmot proviso was again brought up in a different form, by Mr. Preston King of New. York, butthe House totally repudiated his bill. The proviso itself was moved afterwards by its author, as an amendment to the three mil lions appropriation bill. A large party was still in favor of it, but not by any means so large as that which had carried it through the House the previous session. A large majority of nine onan | unusually full vote, gave token of its ultimate | 1629—A failure. % But while these things were passing in the Honse, Mr. Calhoun and his friends, holding the balance of power in the Senate, were aiding the whigs to peer the administration. Mr. Cal- hou \’s hostility tothe present administration is easily traced to the canses detailed in my letter of yesterday, and is further ¢xplained by the fact that he was Secretary of State at the close of Mr. Tyler’s administration. His friends have unde- viatingly followed his lead, and he has thus far been enabled to coutrol the vote of the senate.— rt. Benton gave the administration a sort of sulky support. Sulky is not the exact word. He was pompous and patronizing, and defended the President against every body but himself. Mr. Cass gave the administration a quiet, temperate, and dignified support. The whigs, whatever their diversity of feeling, betrayed none in the senate chamber, except on the anti-slavery amendment introduced by Mr. Upham. But even then there was a silent vote—no discussion. These are the prominent subdivisions of party | in the ‘Twenty-ninth Congress. ,There were | others of less importance—such as the division on | | | ‘The Harvests of Great Britain, {From the Liverpool Times.} 1816—Extremely cold and wet throughout. One of the worst harvests ever known. Bad times. 1817--very cold and wet imJuly and August, but very fine in September, which favored the barvest . 1818—Intensely hot and dry; the thermometer twice at | * 89.ard often above t0. Good harvest. 1819—A very fine hot summer; the month of August in tensoly hot. Scarcely any thunder. Good har veut. 1920—A fine summer on the whole, and very productive Good times. 1821—Some very hot days occasionally, but for the most part cold and showery. splendid year; hot and dry for the most part, but ina at times, with much thunder. A very sbundant harvest. 1823—A very cold showery summer. in July it reined every day except the 24th. Very little thunder isad—Very five and warm throughout, but never In. tensely hot. The thermometer stood highest Sep. Lat, and was at 78 | 1828—Very hot almost throughout. July 18, the ther mometer stood ut 90, which is the highest obser- vation in the course of all these summers. Good harvest. 1926—The hottest and driest summer ever knewn; it be- gan ealy and continued late. The termometer | was twice at 88, and often at $4. Good harvest. 1827—Hot and dry, but not to such extremity ev leet summer. Much thunder. | 1826—Immense rains, which began July 9, and con- tinued almost without cessation. Large floods July 16 and 90. Heavy thunder storms. Bed harvest In September the 1829—Very cold, stormy summer. rains were very heavy. | 1830—Very cold and wet, especially in June. Much thunder. 1531—Warm, gleamy, showery, and electrical. A sickly summer. A great number of insects, especially house flios. 1832—Moderate for the mos! part, without much inclina- tion either one way or the other. 1stae-Very fine, the early part especially. An abundant jarvest. 1834- A very fine hot summer, but heavy rains at the | end of July. Anearly and productive harvest. 1835—Hot and dry, with rome showery ¢xceptions. Another abundant harvest. Good times. | 1836—In the midland counties dry weather predominated Remarkable for the almost entire destructics of the turnip crop by the fly. Harvest not amiss. | 1837—A fair average of hot weather, but preceded by a vory severe spring. Harvest ‘deficient. 1838—A cold, wet summer, and a late, unproductive hurvest. 1839—Very heavy rains almost without cessation. The harvest not unproductive, but much damaged. Bad times, | 1840—A fine warm summer, with intense beat in August. ‘ verte bag 4 ba Eeerae ibhen 5il—Fine a warm in May ai june, wet Letters from the African Squadron, | July and the beginning of August. Fine harvest ‘The town of Monrovia has an agreeable situation on weather at the end and in September. © point of elevated land, extending into the sea, and com: | 1842—Very _ spring, Vipin {Bop be ig Rn Hg a . | not abundant, but nt grein. winter. monly known as Capo Mesurado. It is doubtless the | \819—Mild May; tolerable vumamner; Food harvest Win. beat site which ¢ould have been cted, ry breese ter windy. Good times. chancing to blow, isfelt by the inhabitants ; and its ap- | \st4—Very dry. Deficient hay, harvest. Antena fon, pearanee from the little river is quite picturesque and Wear mevene, Vied ten One Z | . ctober to February, beautiful. ‘The irregularity of the houses—the profu- | Hi ord 1845, sion of flow the dark back ground—tbe glassy | 1845—Spring late and cold. Summer not cold, but sun- stream, meandering through the low level marsh land | less. Harvost plentiful, but deficient in quality. beneath—the steeple of an occasional church—the mer- | Cunrovs Casn.—A cause which has excited great ry laugh of children—the roar of the distant surf, and the decided b soft, low song of the Kroo girl in the near valley, all tend nterest in the aristocratic circles, was y the Cour Royale, on Saturday, after a by of several to fill the mind with a multiplicity of pleasing and poetic id fancies. On the day of our visit, after strolling about for months. ‘The parties are the Duke Valengay, the son of the Duchess de Dino, niece ot the late Princes some time, indulging in a tramp on terra firma, again we found ourselves at the house of the renowned Colonel |de Talleyrand, and the Duchess de Valengay, his | wife, who is the daughter of the lute Duke de Montmo- H., who, by the by, is, independent of his abilities as a host, a rare specimen of thehuman species. His extreme | reney. The parties were married very young, with the | consent of their parents, and the Prince de Talleyrand, | on the occasion, settled on the Duke de Valengay the politeness—his inexhaustible fund of conversation, ming- not then unless a certain number of years should have Jed with the most brilliant scintillations of genuine wit | olapsed, the Prince allowed the Duke ® fixed income of and sarcaem—his volubility of tolervbly bad French | 10.000f a year during his life, and the Ducbess de Dino the tea and coffee question, the Lieutenant-gen- eralship, the Ireland relief bill, (about which | will have something to say,)and others not of suf- ficient general interest to demand elucidation.— | The course of Mr. Calhoun and his friends has united the democratic party in support of the administration. The number of malecontents is now very small. Harmony prevails to a greater extent than one could have thought possible at the close of the first session. And yet, I very much doubt ifthe two great parties that have so long divided the country, can ever again hedge themselves round with those barries which, dur- ing the Twenty-ninth Congress, were not only, thrown down, but broken into small fragments. "| GaLVLEnsis. | estate of Valengay, but as this was not to come into the Duke’s possession until after the death of the Prince, and —his inimitable store of racy expressions—in a | settled the same amount upon her son. The Duke and a word, his toute ensemble wore only equalled | Dachecs de Voleavay had other and larger sources of by his powers of divinstion; #0, of course, rea- revenue, but it appears that the Duke did not live within dily gv & our-wants, « flourish of the colonel’shand | his means, and got considerably into debt. Wh«n the to a modest looking little negress, and the jingle oe s- | Dake and Duchess de Montmorency died, the Duchess ea in an adjoining room, spaodily brought forth a bottle | de Valengay became entitled to a fortune of about of palatable ale, anda luncheon, which we leisurely | 3,000,000f, and fearing that her husband it make use despatched, and then ordered dinner. of her fortune to repair his own, and ir children Axthe hand of time was ly upon the prick of | would thus be injured, she sued for a separation de biens noon, we again sallied forth, and hoisting our umbrellas, in order that her property might be entirely taken out of bent our steps down acircul brink of the river, and tow: nettlement. Here we found pathway, leading tothe the southern part of the anoo at our disposal, and her husband's control. In support of this a much was said hy her counsel of the excessive expendi. ture of the husband, and of the debts which he hed con- » to ensure # safe em- tracted. In reply, it was contended, that the debts of ere gontly launch- the Prince were not so large as had been resented , | and that the estate of Valengay,which is valued at about ul 7,000,000/., but yields only 100,000f, per annum, was , | ble of great improvement, and would thus enable the opposite shore. | Duke to get rid of all his pecuniary emberrassmente. of trees, we suddenly found | ‘The Court decided in favor of the Duchess, by granting or vesin the centre of a Kroo village, (numbering | her the separate and independent control of her property seme twenty huts) the proximity of which we were | for which she sued.—@alignani’s Messenger. ed by the Kroomen, who, giving i forward, when altbat, leaped in at t shot swiftly aaross the narrow stro exertion, running high and dry npon th ‘Turning an angular clum led to Imagine, by the loud chatter of female voices | im upon fanding. I was forcibly strack with the ap; of bed —— indicatit at lance, an evident inclination to nat oeigioallty, amd ‘the total sbeeage, of every thi of 1816 bas shown that the po- ike proximation to civilized life. A group of | pulation of the capital amounts to 1 063.907 persons, and females soon surrounded whose simplicity of charac. of the department of the Seine to 1,356,907. The census ter and modesty of demeanor, far exceeded a si of 1841 had given 1,181,426 inhabitants for the depart- % ae ment of the Seme, that of 1936, 1,106,000, and that of 1882, 136,000. Thus, in the first five years, the increase of the population has been 19 per cent; in the second 7 secured ort extending nearly or quite percent, and from 1941 to 1646, 15 percent. The de- to the knee; generally wearing in addition, some trifling | partment of the Seine contains ut present 422,000 inhabi- ornament on the head. We found them terate | tants more than in 1832. The movement of the popula. smokers, and tion of Paris exceeds 80 iy the Fogular proportions rigible beg, ing the reason of governing the increase of the rest of France, that it cen dress co row strip o @ natural consequence, the most incor. of tobacco. On enq eT peoking English, to our only be explained by an emigration fro provinces thet nlite, of Poingt the tpeakk oft towards the cepitel, en influx which iocreuses or dimio. the t ‘coording to circumstances. It is to compre- tri that this inflax bad the effect of eritable over or affianced | flow a the troubl d on board the cruisers | 1836 Their countenances | poplilation wae necessarily less ‘rom 1841 to 1846, on the contrary. the great ham | we were peculiarly expressive of couteutinent with theit mode of living, except vow and then methou i could | f, by exte: trace a gleam of jealougy in the eye of som: vored | Cattse an mere: Supposing tl otal proportion spout The internel arrongements of their huts were of the increase should be meintained, in twenty years necessarily few, but extremely everything like supeyfluity and personal property, co » and devoid of | hen The articles of furniture | soul generally of a wooden how eux will contain two mp yan of men cailed London, will fod itself bowl, a rude mortar and pi 4 small earthen jar, and | ¢ra of great citi great cap tale will b commonly a black fink bottle, but invariably apipe and | With eclat. It wil seen what facilities ch arasor. The huts were built entirely of the leaves and | Will bring we ogs branches of the palm, neatly thatched, and in many re. | ™ spects bearing a strong resemblance to the wigwame of | without contunon or apparout divorder