The New York Herald Newspaper, October 26, 1846, Page 1

88 Re: YOR H Vol. XU, Ho, 288— Whole No, #531. NEW YORK, MONDAY MORNIN Foreign Correspondence of the N. Y. Herald. Panis, October Ist, 1846. rh Marriage Question—Its Effect on Spain | France, and England--New Pretenders’ to'the Throne of | Spain—The Impending Scarcity in Europe—Railr —Theatricals—The Effect of the Seizure of Californ: in France. | The people of the United States who have created a | | cheap government for useful purposes, and attach no | | other importance to individuals except that which arises | HLALLSLIS8 19% Be, CENTRAL AND MACON AND WESTERN | RALL ROADS, GEORGIA. ey 80 it be from Savannah to Ooth- ‘ | she tollowiug (eaeate a (® Auanta and Ooth- | from the services they are able torender to the commu: | Ioffe. Liggar. ‘RIGHT Sees. peg soe | nity, will doubtless hear, with unmixed surprise, that | 4 cuheetey, Tobacco, Leath Europe, from its centre to its extremities, is agitated— | that monarchs shake upon their thrones at the conse- a8 sais Feptigneg Ts $07 | quences ofa projected match between an amiable young nee f. ag eth ie boxes, gentleman, of Paris, and a Itttle gitl of 14, belonging to Mill Gearing, Pig Iron and Grind rather a respectable family in Spain. M.de Montpensier $0 626 | is the fifth son of agentleman who wasformerly usher at a school somewhere in Switzerland, where he taught, among other things, English geography and the use of | the globes ; but whom the chapter of accidents has rais- ed to the hereditary throne of France. His fiancée is a young lady of fourteen, the second and youngest daugh, ter of Ferdinand the Seventh, late King of Spain, to whom her father bequeathed a fortune—the reputed amounted of which is six millions of dollars. The widow, mother of this young lady, ha passed some time in Paris about two years since, was entertained with his usual hospitalities by Louis Philippe. Now this monarch being himself the wealthiest individual in Europe, (his reputed income is three millions and a half of dollars per annum) and having been ro fortunate as to obtain for one of his sons the more than royal fortune of the late Duke of Bourbon, is remarkable for that quality which phrenologists call acquisitiveness. In fact, the very magnitude of the wealth that has already acoumu- $12 00 fs 1 05 ) a . $7.00 the ‘bene will be forwarded Foods consigned to Commissions, it may be Brie at Savannah, Atlanta or Ooth- F. WIN' Forwarding Agent, C. R. R. gust 1: 2m*rre PIO, R ‘D ‘PRESS LINE, lated in his family, has onl; ited ; he unsatiable VIA RAILROAD AND CANAL appetite. which be feels for more” So heppy. a obi FROM PHILADELPHIA TO PITTSBURG. | that which threw the Queen ‘mother of Spain in ti zt now in fall operation. Passengers leave hiladelpbia et y, morning at o'clock, in the best and most eomfertable deseription of cars for Harrisburgh, where ‘embark on the P-cket Beat ‘hia is one of the most agreeable routes that is to be found mthe country. The scenery en the Saxquchanna and Juni- sta ivers.ts unenrpasaed for b i neighborhood of the Tuilleries and Neuilly, was not to be neglected, and accordingly it was turned to pro ble account. A match wasconcocted between the on unmarried son of the one party, and the younger dauge- ter of the other, to be carried into effect as soon as cir- cumstances should enable the parties to realize their de- signs. These circumstances soon occurred, or were brought about. e’Meanwhile, however, there were one or two serious obstacles to be surmounted. In European politics, States hav prescriptive right to interfere in such matters, ngland must be brought to acquiesce. A sly ‘assengers shoald not to pay their York farther than Philadelphi i : tutherized to sell ckets forthis fing nee nat cY EPhiladelpbre, October, 1816. CHANGE OF HOURS. LONG TEE END BAtLRGEL arrangement was projected for this purpose. The - Queen of England was invited to visit the King of th FALL ARRANGEMENT, French at Eu’ She was accompanied by her (then) Se- cretary of Foreign A! ‘The King of the French wi jo attended by his foreign minister, M. Guizot ‘Tho jon was then and there brought on the tapi f the British ministerwas obtained for h, but upon the express condition that mnized until the reigning Queen of jed und have had is , to fulfil if po . But ionumerable obs rose, which delayed the royal marriage. At a8 refolved on; but what was of England and her ministers to learn ¢ the proposed m it was not to be aa 5E: Octover 13, oe Talus 7 ran b jo Leave Brooxtyn—at 7 o’cleck A. M. (Boston tri) for cept Sundays) stopping at 10 port. sale af Farmingdale and St. Geerge’s Manor. ‘A. M., daily, for Farmingdale aud inter- at 9} PPI wo“ ata P.M. ievingd ily. Luars Gaeenpont—at 8% A. M., daily accommodation train for Brooklyn. at 336 P. M., (or ou the arrival of the boat from Norwich,) on tra daily, (except Sun- days, Copp ng at St. George’s Manor and Farmingdale. Leave Farwinepare AM. the conven- tion of Eu was coolly put aside, and that without any previous consultation, without even soliciting her a escence, the match of M. De Montpensier with the ter of the Spanish Queen was resolved on. This bas roused. sgains nest. Louis Philippe an hornet’s Spanish nation with the exception of a ajorityjof the Cortes, is rouse daily, (excert Snndays,) } the Englsh na. Luave Jamatcscat Soclock A! My I BM kd Ox P rok i svory party and comploxion, js reused—th ‘M., for Brooklyn, or on’ the arrival of Boston Se gr 2 gga ap herents of the court is roi we Brooklyn for Greenport, with a yengers’ car attached, on Mondays, Weduesdays and Fri- the sacrifice 29% AM. Returning leave Greenport at 134 o'clock jeclare that without brin; froma ‘Thursday and Saturdays, stopping at inter- roys her good derstand English peo; cl i SUNDAY TRAINS. i a base betray given, and an insult to Europe. T of Europe decline interfering, because they hi acknowledged the reigning Queen of Spain. In fact, Louis Philippe has suffered his love of a large dowry to 2 potas at 9 o’clock A. M. for Greenport. Re- at all the stati wt at 236 P. M., for Brookiyn, stopping 3, East New York, 1236; Ri 1834; Jemenes 3 Brash vil HM: Hy 383 C1: her get the better of his better wisdom this time. lh, Meanwhile, it is whispered in Paris, that the Park, Louis Philippe do not at all participate in 8 ation. $' .$: this ms and thet they look on it rather as a family Sr cece ears! Sei ernead, than al measure. In all the discussions that f eate: ck, a ncchogee, have been carried on in their press about it, the name y Boon x: eae modati of M. Guizot has never been put forward in support ‘Stages are in rexdiness on the arrival of Trains at the seve. | fit. ra] Beations, to take passenge:s st very Jow fares, to all parts | _ The dissension it has already produced in Spain, has, oi the Island. Lk ee J in effect, roused two pretenders, who hitherto had not Bi Crates will rendiness at the foot of Whitehall | the remotest shade of a hope. ‘The first is the Count de ae minutes Nene oe re —- Rg 25 in Ema fa. enn an? leaves (ieeenport for Sag Har- | VOX his father has al ated. is ¢ is, of course, bot swat of nots supported by the Carlist party, but now endeavors to non Sesnive rs fp voson train from Brooklyn. | | conciliate the other sections of Spanish political » ety, y professing a moderate and conciliatory policy. The other is the Infante Don Henrico, who had been a candi- date for the Queen’s hand, but who was rejected because he would not consent to become the puppet of the French Court. This prince has, es you will fare heard, pro- tested against the .Montpensier marriage, and is not un- likely to form a focus, round which will be collected the element of an insurrection. More apprehensions on the subject of a scarcity in Europe, are felt than are expressed. There seems to be ‘8 feeling prevalent, whero the press is free, that mischief may ensue if any alarm be created by publications fore boding evil of so awful a kind; and where the press is not free, the public authorities keep it silent for me resson; but the real truth is, that whether the fears HEGULAK MAIL LIN FOR BOSTON. VIA NORWICH & WOR- Ske change of Cara or @, oF withou ing thelr sea ich, (dking their seats et Norwi re Tnsured their seats through w Boston. This being the only inlaud route that commumteates through by steamboat and railroad. by this ling are accompanied through by the con- the train, who will have particular charge of their and who will otherwise give his attention to their ease and comfort. ‘This line lea Pier No. 1, North River, foot of Place, ¥ ya excepted) at 5 o'clock, P. M., aud arrives in Boston ¢ wo take all the eastern trai i} The new steamer ATLANTIC, Captain Dustan, leaves actor id would perhaps be the greatest benefit that could accrue to that unhappy country. There is a silent and unobserved progress in Europe, Ss t agecinae a ge social and commerci changes. source is the prodigious system of rai Toad’ which is now gradually overspreeding the con nent. There are now employed on the vais ‘sof the Sette eteiet caer ee ea ot above 0 hus 08 of iway acti open for traffic in these States, and when the " ‘stem whieh Is in progress of construction is finished, short of eight thousand miles in operation. A continu ous line of railway traffic passing through the heart of Central Europe, will connect the Mediterranean with the Baltie the North Sea. Asimilar system running east and west, will connect the east{bank of the Rhine Ht and the Russian government stem to Odessa. every Tuesday, Thursda dys, at 5 o'clock, P.M. | or ill founded, th i ‘i Tueed , they prevail ver; fully im the best in. ae TER, Vermin Yan Felt, eaves formed quarters, Every eye fs Sirected to Aan as pry Hlonday, i. VANDERBILT, | though there could be there an extemporaneous supply No. 8 Battery Pl: 4 sitfre ' | to meet an unforeseen demand of such awful magnitude, a a and such pr 1K necessity. Py In the opinion of some, the race of potatoes will be- come extinct in Ireland; and if the crisis attending so P. RNE! cO’S extraordinary a phenomenon could be once got over, it FIC. NEW YORK AND LIVERPOOL EMIGRATION CO,, of Liverpool, are a - oF the United Seiten tine they coe of first cl W. BYRNES & « forming the pal jass Ships and Packets to N rk, ou the Ist, 6th, ilth, 16th, 2ist and 26th of each month, and onthe 12th aed 20th for Philadelphia, and on the Sihand 20th to Boston, and at, stated periods 10 ‘Baltimore; also to New Orleans during the he ason; by any of which lines parties can eogage for their {rieads to be brought Gat wthost‘dieapperntment. or delay, this being th ‘oldest and large st establish: it an the passeuger trade im Liverpool, found rect Agency in the nithin the power of he immediate cor- from whom eir relations: tia reapectable establish res ce with a res} je_ establishment they cau ely for attentioh and favor towards th te-ving the eld country. PW. BYRNES & CO. offer many advantages to passen- ers which po others hav: pred, in a direct communses- tion by ships from jaud to the United Staves, as they have, invi ly, vessels duricg the spring fom Dublia, Cork, the ital ii rs Waterford, Belfast and Londonderry. by wpich meas em | Channel, tothe Aduntic at Brest, Nantesand Bousdeaux ‘andezpense. by being shi ) x, ; Sfiheir own reaport. ang also that of being Tioded ta oxnot Mediterranean at Marseilles; to the Rhine at Stras- the ports of the United States to which ships trade from Li- and to Belgium by Valenciennes. vO TES CO. eee ee aT ore impossible to foresee th 1s social and & CO. have agents in all the seaport commercial effectszof these vast measures of internal and e ‘ who , pard that may be requited to preeure sea stores, ke,” | The total extent of rail way projected in France, i8 3900 ithe persons who act for tls Company tn the United States | miles) of which nearly 1000 will be in operation before e close of 6 present year, NNEW YORK—Mr. Edward Saal, 8 South, comer of ote tet in Pirie Begins, ae youknow,en te Inet BOMTUN—Mr. W.P. McKay, 52 Milk ‘ r, although the town does not begin to fill, till to- BO NT ieee? Mi streets stacker | warts thie end of that month, ‘The Italian opera. opens here this evening; the company is nearly the same ss last season, that Isto say, the ladies consist of Grisi, the two Brombillas, and Per:iani; and the gentlemen, of Ms- rio, Lablache, Ronconi and Tagliafico; Coletti is also en- geged. The opera opens with “Donizetti's Lucia,” to be “SALTIMORE—Mr. George Law. tee Wy teed sors Toa mArTs AND EXCHANGE —Drafte for any amount, dan othe Proved uh elivand wlalinteee, andalag on all the principal towns of England and Scotland, | Sung by Mario and Persiani. ‘This will bo succeeded by Bor particulars of terms apply to the "Semiramid-,” in which Coletti will make his debut. . W. BYRNES & CO., The “Due Foscari” of Verdi, will soon afterwards be 58 South, comeret BYRNES bcd. produced. 2. a A promising tenor, Bettnic, has appeared in the ‘Lucie’ om, ain Sete tat rae stthedoademleatis success with tne public has net been CART ARS i GEE cn = lerable, yet something is expected from him here- ot 1200 tons and 440 bene pe reontract with the Lords Wiel froin vo ‘it sail trom Liverpool and Bost i, enc! The Adue |. The news which has just arsived of the seizure of Monterey, by Capt. Monigomery, of the Portsmouth, has formed @ leading Subject sf comment with the journals of Paris, notwithstanding the engrossing interest of the Montpensier ma je. The annexation of California to the confederacy of the Uni ase consequence. California cannot, it i |, Maintain it- self as m separate and independent ata lows ba 2 tached from Mexico to belthrown into the craw ie Caledon! United States. It is argued that California has never ‘Brian cordially amalgamated with Mexico; that it has only ac- a cepted and obeyed the laws and ordinances of the central - Camb ANeAG From Boston to Larerodl. ere m to Helitex . * pee a No berths secured nutal paid for’ The ps carry ox rgeons. No treight, except specie, received on state so lar as suited its convenience, and has never con. tributed to the revenue. The customs levied there have always been expended thers, and the Governors seat by Mexico have only in permitted to enter the country by laying down their authority at the frontier. Tv tendencies to indevendence, say the French wi thei pI rts. They have main- tained inthe country a spirit of resistance to the Mexi- can authority, and m man onct pe! nore, and the troops sent to quell the insurrections T een ofan American squadron off the coast ‘was sufficient cause, as is here stated, to cause an insur. rection. ‘Che proclamation of Commodore Sloat is de- clared to be in substance an i annex itself to the U diplomatic authoriti the course which Eng! Fhe claims of kngland e other ments the nd Wee and Halifax FOR CALIFORNIA AND QREGON—T he ‘sailing, coppered an BiB cori oes sararsmcre rd early in November for California and Oregon, Oregon City, ¢ w other iniermed every fortnight d 4 betwe ng, debt in the pamphlet of | tnd the negotiations with England for the FER | nia, traces uf which w. JAM B ere found in the ps rout aud Roosevelt streets—Sails, Awnings, dina at the time of his expulsion from Mexico .. made to in a neat aud substantia! manner, erefore, assumed here as a certainty that England Beit Reaves Paamuctenn Oe | Sane ae erae arog wih, ir . e repmnetaslty om tto oiuse her grasp, bwt fall into the hanus of @ (aot rh ‘OK a be aghoe Packet. lat Nov. | 2he English movements on ‘oe on The fhe new Br. hip BAUOKSBY, 500 | looked tor here ueh pt oigee ‘shall J ‘ ‘Bape. leah atwen, will sail as above, her | more of L at the date ofar ext despatches. a reguiag Gay. unfortunate Great Britain! The weet freight fy dahon splendid on, of the engineers and seamen, whe forab 1 ad her utter, EE est TUMN, * New York had seen the last of her, 23, 1846. | Bostow, Oc! Novel Case in the Cirewit Court—Markets—Importations — The New Custom House—Polivics, $c., $c. The Circuit Court for the district of Massachusetts, Judge Woodbury presiding, has been engaged for a week past in the discussion of a novel question of great importance, and one exciting much interest and inquiry, The Now Bedford Bridge Company is indicted, as pro- prietor of a bridge running from New Bedford to Fair- haven, which is alleged to be a nuisance, inasmuch as it precludes the passage in or out of vessels of the larger classes. The bridge bas been standing for fifty years, and its rights are now for the first time questioned. The | Property of the concern is valued st nearly a million of | dollars. The proprietors were defended by Hon. Rufus | Choate and B. F Curtis, Esq.;and the Hon. Robert Ran- toul. Jr, and C. L. Weodbury, Esq., appeared for the | government. The rights of the State in this case were | arrayed against those of the federal government. The counsel for the corporation contended, that though the constitution [he to the federal government exclusive maritime and admiralty jurisdiction, yet Congress had never assumed that power by the enactment of statute laws, which could, by any construction, give the federal courts jurisdiction ogainst the State, over questions of obstructions to navigation like tho present—and in the absence of statute lew no sdmiralty law existed which gave the government this jurisdiction. _Mr. Rantout, for the government, cited the act king New Bedford a pert of entry and delivery—the act: giving admiralty jurisdiction to the district and circuit courts of United States, the celebrated Force law, and several others; and claiming jurisdiction also from the admiralty law, as it existed at the adoption of the “Tis part of the questi argued is part of the que: was ied on both sid with unexampled research and ability. Mr Rantoul canvassed the whole extent of admiralty practice since the 10th century, throughout all Europe, with the most critical skill. Upwards of a hundred and fifty authorities were cited by the respective counsel. Seldom, in our courts, bas any cause drawm out ao thorough a disquisi- tion of the megs of 4 ret of our practice. Mr. Choate improved upon igh tation; and the cause of the government,waa sustained with consummate ability and learning by Mr. Rantoul, throngheut whole discussion. Judges Weodcury and Sprague re- it the close of the a ent on Friday morn- hat the case presented some very grave difficulties. decision would be reserved until another term of the court. Should the bridge corporation be sustained under the State law, there would be no insuperable ob- jection to the placing of a bridge or chain across the mouth of the Mississippi, by She State of Louisiana. This matter will ultimately be decided by the supreme court. The general business of this city has received an im- Petus trom the late news from England, and the markets and prices are rapidly improving. Importations have been very light for two months past, but not so when vompered with the same months iu any previous year. The new custom house is now ‘aan completed, and will probably be occupied in the course of the next spring. Ithas been se long in the processiof building, unfortunately, that it is now generally deemed to be in. adequate to its original purpot Politics are out and out the in this mar- ket Tho natives are but so «0. The whigs and aboli- uonists are contriving @ pertect union for 1848, and the democrats are dozii the Unit marked, Dj wiest di Saq Harsor, Oct. 19th, 1846. Fire—Rebuilding of the Town—The Episcopatians— Marriages—Politics—Split among the Democrats. You chronicled the terrible fire by which the greater part of this famous town was consumed in November last, but no mention has been since made of us by your correspondent. Without waiting his tardy movement, I think proper to inform yeu and the world through your paper, if great matters do not require all your columns, that a large part of the burnt district is now covered with sub- stantial fire proof three story brick stores, and elegant frame buildings. The stores of Messrs. Huntting and Douglass are models of workmansbip, convenience and unsurp ssed by any in the country Should one with this place tw: oy years ago, now revisit it f absence of that ti @ could not recogni: single object in the lower part of the town as an old quaintance. People have changed, or rather the popu! n has change: , Germans, Jews, and other foreign: ers, who like birds of passage hi atted amongst us As cold weather approaches, th of them de but little offers in the way of busi can morease thetr store: me, for more Tuxarisnt field rent quarters of the village if bose, and. preparing every smplement to pre extinguish fires. The taxes this year are enormous,and a judicious expenditure of the money will alone reconcile the citizens to the bur gen. The Episcopalians have recently purch: ing known here as the old church, and b: Suse’ ond repaired it, and have christened it Christ Church. A very resj ble congregation in numbers and kind has been organized, and in a short time it will be firmly fixed in the affections of the people. The clergyman, the Rev. Mr. Roberts, is a gentleman Of fine abilities, and will, if any one can, speedily recruit his ranks from other denominations. The Rev. Mr. Britton preeched last Sabbath, and is certainly one of the most eloquent di- vines I ever listened to. Several marriages have come off lately, emong which are two brothers of the G— family. After a travel of several weeks they returned, end | with otbers have had the pleasure of calling = them, and going through the coo of eating, drink- ing, and making complimentary speeches. Long life to them. ‘The season of political action is at hand, and both par- ties take the field with equal spirit, if not with equal hope of success. The ‘whige have conducted the! ceedings with great, unanimity, and selected candi who will command the confidence of both parties. Mr. Sealy, the member for assembly, nominated from this young merchant, of good moral ard business cheracter, who if elected, will vote honestly, and talk. little, two very essontial ‘requisites in a legislator. A T. Rose, the nominee for C ss, will carry with him the whule stre! of the ty. The democrstic party, so far as 1 am informed, are much dissatisfied with some Of their candidatesjand the democrats at the West, have declared egainst J. L. Smith, and called a meeting to no- minate s new map. This is a new thing in this county. Gov. Wright must come down and settle the quarrel Dr Lord, the nominee, is also much kicked by some in this quarter. ‘A few years ago, | am informed, the democratic con vention formally adopted the principle, doctrine, orfays. tem of rotation, They adhered to it for several yours. but have this year abandoned it, so far as regards the county clerk, who by some legerdemain, is again nomi- nated to the most lucrative office in the county. Some of ‘West, | am informed, have expressed their determi- nation to abandon the congressienal candidate for want of political orthodoxy, resolutely declaring thet a nomi- nation was not an election. Thisspirit of outbreak is so often manifested, and afterwards rebuked and cowed down by the lash of party discipline, and the system of rewards and ments, that but little good is expected from Nazareth. But | am afraid that | have run on at too great length, and I will promise more at another time. Fines.—A fire occurred in Hudson on Friday evening Jast, roying considerable property. It broke out about 10 o'clock, in the carriage establi: mater, near the railroad pot, destroy ment, with most of its contents, Mr. sleighs, nearly finished, bes His loss is estimated at some $' In the same Reynolds, w! siderable quantities of leather were removed, loss is supposed to be several thousand in repair ing that establish. he or sixty . had sift r. dollars—mostly, ifnot entirely, covered by insurance. The buildings were owned as Bresack. ‘A fire, also, broke out in Boston on Saturday morning, ‘onthe corner of Eliot and Tremont streets, occupied Mr. Ayling, asa turher’s shop, and by Mr. te an apo pei op. The fire is said to he nated in under the shop of Mr. Ayling. spread with rapidity thut but little of the stock ia the stores wi ved, and the building was entirely de- Mr. Southwick sayed only nis books. Several families oceupied the building, 0 tO who Tost nearly their effects, r The fire then eatend- , and small stable in the tirely a A horse, which troyed. was extricated with difficulty on Tremont street, occupied oe! , Was considerably e 4 and the ia destroyed. Atwo story wooden house on Eliot street, owned and eccupied by Mrs. Randall, was damaged to the amount of $400. ¢ furniture in the above houses was removed, most of it badly damaged. ‘The buildings burnt were of wood, and of no great value. That occupied by Messrs. South- wick and Ayling, belo: to Mr. Jacob Bacon, who is insured. Mr. Southwick’s loss in stock is about $2000— insured for $1500 at the Fireman’s office. Mr. Ayling joat stock and tools to the value of from $600 to $1000. Mr. Orlando Currier, cabinet maker, occupied a tene- ment adjoining Mr. Southwick; his lose is about $800—po a y poor families are aleo sufferers by the ve i “ InctpEnt oN Ben Loxtonp —On Saturday last an American Log! and genileman visited Ben Lo- mond, and the ir stopped a short time to makea sketch, ee ee proceeded downward. In a few minutes he ‘ed, but was unable to make up with her—end havi dor some mistake V4 some w: bony orcurred ; he gue, Pr. mg a but could finn ne trace of her, and ulti- Immediate Prec oh down to the inn. and she; herds, and . They cended to the spot where she had been last seen, a then divided into small groups, setting off in every direc: tion. The search was continued during the whole night, and she was at last discovered by one of the bout seven o'clock on Sunday morning, fully | ive hours after her friend hed parted with her. Sne tw hed Gavena, Oct. 12, 1846. Travel on the Lakes and over Prairies—Milwaukie—Chi- cago—Galena—Railroads—To Eastern Capitalisi The travel on Lak ie, Huron, and Michigan, is im- mense—more than can be realised without being witnes ed. The upper lake boats, which leave Buffalo daily | with from fourto eight hundred passengers each, are en- tirely independent of those that run between Buffalo and | Detroit. This isan interest which needs the fostering | care of our Government, which Mr. Polk can have de- | monstrated to his satisfaction, if he will pass over the same at any time during navigation The improvement of the harbors, and clearing away the flats in St. Clair river, are indispensable to the just growth of the West and the Erie Canal. Stop or hamper the trade of the ‘West, and you thus far injure the carrying business on the Erie Canc], which will, of course, decrease the re- venue of the State therefrom. To Chicago is a pleasant four day’s sail on the lakes—as pleasant as any on my 167 mi mostly hin 40 miles of this place, occa- sional hills will be passed ; and here we fin ged cliffs—the city of Galena being built on them. After leaving Detroit, Milwaukie is the first town of ona bay of Lake Michigan. Considerable quantities of lead are here brought from Gale: for New York mark some 200 miles over ‘and goods from your city ried back for the Galena merchants, The buildings are mostly of wood, but all have a new and very fresl —_— if they had been put up within a few day: the place ia situated on a hill—on dry, gravelly soil. Its largest building is the United States’ Hotel, built of brick. ‘The bricks are of a cream color, hard as the Philadelphia bricks, but not as smeoth. The place looks thrifty, and the numerous merchants have large stocks of ouds. But if it expects to outstrip Chicago, it must stop forthwith the serious strife their ‘west enders and east enders, which a wh igo resul in the tearing down one of their bridges by the west enders, in order to prevent the country people from trad- ing with the east enders. They should remember that Holy Writ says, “ A house divided against itself cannot stand ” her can a city. ‘The condition of the soil and its hilliness indicate: walthy place for the West. ‘The mareh lying on the bay and between the mouth of the river and the town, is now being filled up, one mile in extent, for the extension of their main road direct to the steamers’ landing,/and to effect the sale of their $2,000 marshy building lots. At the north end of the city the have an excellent water power, from a canal whic! geremmment commenced, to unite the waters of Green jay and Lake Michigan. Government constructed it just far enough (unwittingly) to give the citizens an im- menso water power, sand then abandoned it. It is a pity that the one man power has prevented the same favor to the just merits of the harbors and rivers on these Western waters Chicago, the great western wheat market, is 1,512 miles from New York, and only six to seven days jour- bey, when a person is desirous of passing tbreugh with- out stopping by the way. It contains over 14,000 inha- bitants. The buildings are almost all built of wood— even their numerous five and six story mammotlr ware- houses are of wood. The city is built on both sides of Chioago—(id est : in the Indian vocabulary, Skunk)— river, at the head waters of Lake Michigan, and, to the eye, it appears to be on a boundless prairie. Its impor- tance is derived from being the wheat mart for the West Here is also donea large business in packing beef ond | pork. A single firm, of the numerous ones here, does more business daily in grain and produce, than all the firms in any other city or town in Illinois. This I have from data. The city is supplied with water from the Lake by an hydraulic company. Merchants and traders in the city, are as thick as the grass on their prairies — Chicago river, about one mile from the lake, receives the weters of another stream. At this junction the great feeder te the {Ilinoi al is to be dug out this winter. be raised to the level of the canal by a half dozen Pittsburgh pumps, now being constructed tor the purpose. Next eummer it has been expected that canal would be in operation ; but from the universal sickness on the entire for three months past, it is ompleted before next fall When this is done, game in the natural course of trade, must double her population in less than five years. The reason is obvious—this canal will cause sellers of produce and consumers of merchandvse to resort thither —acity where they can find a larger market, than as eral small towns. To U! route is ‘This season this country has been, and now is, sorely aflicted with sickness, Fever and sgue, chill fever congestive fever, billous fer et id omne genus, prostrated more ‘thi ff of the population. No y has sickness been 20 universal here, not excepting 1°38. Mortality, however, has not been more than usual. But let any person ride between Chicago and Galena over the present rough state of the ro ind he will have the es, without taking the fever ague the natural railroad should be speedily 1 that the cost must be light compared with e business would be immens the fields. As ro capitalists have purchased the Michigan central railroad, ‘all means con- tinue the link around the head of Michigun lake to Chi- cago thence to Galena, which would thus give them the command of the wealth of Northern Illinois, Wisconsin and lowe. The mind is lost in wonder contemplating the wealth wrapped up in this western world,which wholesome toil will develope and bring forth. If the eastern capitalists will look into this subject, boned will seize instantly the charter already obtained for the Chicago and Galena railroad. [t js almost boundless in liberality. As an additional inducement for the construction of this road, the United States government should, for its own pecuniary advantage. grant a handsome eppropria- tion of the public lunds along the route, to secure its im- mediate construction. Government lands would be im- mediately enhanced in value more than double the amount of what can be procured for such lands, as things now,exiat. It wouid bring the wheat of Illinois within as many hours to the Chicago market, as it is now days. It would liberate on thie route alone over 2,000 teams that are daily at work in transportation, thus giving them so much additional strength and time to devote in in- creasing the wealth of the country by peosuising, The next session of Congress should not be allowed to pass over without the consummation of this desired it to G, OCTOBER 26, 1846. ket for the grain and pork of the country, much of which | is sent down the river. . ‘The mouth of the Cumberland river is embraced in the district of that good natured soul, Lynn Boy, and is democratic despite the iron influence, an the great pop- ularity of “Harry of the West” Lynn Boyd is a po lar man among the “b’hoys” He frolics with them, tal a “horn” with them, dances with them, tells a good story and makes good epeech in Congress. Lynn, | suppose, will represent the district as long as he chooses. Geographically, Smithland, like Cairo, ought to be a great town But Louisville, having got, retains, the as- cendancy. They have tried a branch bank at Smith- land they have tried newspaper puffing. but the pla cannot grow. It retains its ol size,and about its old busi ness. | ‘Arriving at the Ohio we found the river low, though | navigable for small sized boats. ‘The boats down the river are crowded with parsengers returning to their homes. Robert Owen on the necessity for, and advan- | tages of, an entire revoiution of svc! The time has arrived, in the due course of nature, for the principles and practices which have hitherto govern- ed the world to be entirely abandoned by all go ments and people, and for this revolution in all human be effected, not by viclonce, or injury to any nation or people, but through new knowledge, introduced and di- rected by kindness, forbearance and charity for the cha- racters now formed for the human race, varied as th are by the errors and prejudices of latitude and longitu: Rational reflection will now make it evident that the ast events of the universe have been necessary to pro- juce the present ; that the present are necessary to pro- duce the future ; that the elements of nature could ha' proceeded in no other course, and that the results of th unbroken action have been the best that could have ai sen,—no other being possible. ‘To blame the past or pre- sent is, therefore, irrational,and a waste of faculty as well as of valuable time. It is in consequence of this necessary progress of the new combination of the elements of nature, that the svs- tem of society is about to be changed; and this necessary progress makes the change inevitable. It ia this never ceasing, onward progress of nature which, at this period, has made evident to some of the humen 1 the causes of the evils of society, the means by which they may be removed, and hu- manity made to progress towards a high degree of excel- lence and happin It is this aavanced combination of the elements of na- ture that expands ‘and forces on the human mind to per- ceive the false foundation on which, from the beginning, the defective character of man and all his institutions have been based and constructed. These erroneous institutions having been once ex'a- blished, have, through succeeding ages, materiuily formed the character of individuals and patiuns, and crea ted the endless and absurd prejudices of latitude and ivn- gitude which have hitherto existed over the earth, It is this unceasing progress of nature, which now un- veils the causes of tho accumulating errors, folly ani ab- surdities, and consequent evils of the past and pi state of society,and whick creates an irresistible desii remove those causes, and improve the condition of hu manity. For now those trained to acquire the habit of perceiv- ing facts andideducing self-evident conclusions from them, have discovered the error, hitherto made, to be almost really prevalent, that man makes his own individuel cr js own opinions and his feelings, by wy t free will, and that for each of these, hould be never responsible to his yet equally igno- fellow man; that he should by them be punished and rewarded Jor these UnavoiJable results of his individ ual formation, for, in fact, the influence of tle petty local prejudices of the latitude and longitude in which he has been placed by the accident of birth and education. hese vari local errors of latitude and longitude, il passions, inferior qual: onduct of the human race ‘ors have emanated all violence, wars. re- insanities ns and disunions, and madness; in short all repui feelings, and through t proceeded, in all ag mankind. Itis the late aud present desolating wars in India, Alge Mexico, It was these errors that caused the rumo: at one time the probability of war be the chi aod kindred nations of Great Britain and the Unite States, unnatural and terrific as such conflict would have produ en. But the progress of the elementary combinations of ne- tare is daily en ging e human faculties, through ap increasing knowledge of facts, the only certain formation of real useful and valu ble knowledg which has now elicited the discovery that the Great ix Power of the universe alone cre: I the ties of humanity, res to each infant peculiar combination of those creates eaok one, that he must and feel as his tincts being ‘also formed for him by the same all-ci power. ‘These, and his will to act, are formed for him, in a wn to himself, and that, consequently, to make man a rational being, which he never yet has peen, that is, to think and right, to ensure his own happiness and the happiness of his race, the system of society as it exists over the world, must be entirely changed in prin- long looked for change roduce pet good will over the » orfl,and change it from its presont confusion of tongu opposition of interest, disunion of feelings, and chaos of sorder, into an entirely new state of existence— 10 Ti ages that it will gradually progress until th wi but one je, one le and one family, he- ving but py hg] no olhes desire than cordially to ote each other’s a8. ‘he immediate causes, which in thie onward progress of nature are this usiversal happy change, in addition to the last century of inventions and discoveries, are the improvements ot steam navigation, of railway travelling, and of the discovery of the electro magnetic telegraph, to facilitatethe communication between dis tant parts ofthe earth. And last, though not least, the new developement of the sciences, by whicn human character may be scientifically mauufactured, so as, in every case, in which there is no malformation at birth, ct after injury from sccident, all shall be well educated, sically, mentally, morally, and practicably, society Kocll ‘re-based, reorganized. ‘re-classifed, and’ re con- structed, so as to make it contribute, day by day, through all its ramifications, to the progress, excellence, aud happiness of all upon the earth. ‘Thus will all the prejudices of Istitude and longitude die their natural death, and be superseded by universal principles and practices, derived direct from the un- changing, wise, and most beneficent laws of God—a strict 1d our western friends. it should be done upon iples of assisting the weak—of developing the immense re- sources of these north-western States—of facilitating, and thas Crys the price of Juce at the east—while it would here raise the price of corn, which is now ar 2c. to 25c. per bushel; wheat only 80c #36c. per bushel; oats 12¢. a léc. do; potatoes, 1éc.; and all other agricul- taral products in seeeperticn. On our way hither from bag s we met, in com- panies of six to twelve, over teams, loaded with wheut, strung all along the road, bound for the Chics, market—each carried 40 to 50 bushels in Nearly ail the teams were two horses and a ir covered wagon. They came from a distance of one to three or four days drive, to accomplish their respective trips. Cumpertann River, Oot. 7, 1646. Nashville—Politicel Aspect of Tennessee— Senator Jar- &nagin and the Tariff—Cumberland River—Lynn Boyd — Smithland—Ohio River. To a traveller there are few things in Nashville more pleasant to recollect, than the strict and pleasant atten” tion which he is sure to receive at its well kept hotels. There is nothing in the political aspect of affairs in Tennessee, at this timo, worthy of particular note. The President, of course, has his warm partizans, and hun- dreds of disappointed office seekers, no doubt, wonder why their services, old and new, have not been rewerd- ed. On the other hand, there is not a State in the Union, where Mr Polk has a stronger opposition, political and personal, than in Tennessee. Those who have been familiarized by early association, are, of course, not pre- pared te admit the superiority which the distinction of office would seem to indicate. It is true now, as it ever prophet rarely has honor in his own co . s would even make capital out of the sickness of the volvnteers. Under this state of feeling. hore, as clsewhe:, there is an evident disposi- tion to excuse Gen Scott's “ hasty la of soup,” and to claim for his absurd letter, a triumph over the Secretai of War and the President. But | do not think this fe ing is very prevalent inthe South. The Mexican war is Perales, tol oaoula our arms prove disastrous, which no one fears, blind would be that party who should there- fore denounce the war—their denunciations would be construed into rejoicing at our reverses. Much less is said then | had expected about the vote of Senator Ji im, on the tariff. No one would have been greatly surprized hed he disobeyed his instructions, nor en much Credit for firmness by any party ‘The vacitlating course which he took on the subject, has de- atroyed his prospects with all parties. 1 am mistskon if he is re-elected, be the complexion of the Legislature what it may. There is, however, no accounting for Tennessee Legislatures in senatorial elections. Ths whig party have no better talents in their rauks, in Ten- | Desees; then Jermegis. | Milton 8 1 of Governor yn Brown vere | ‘The administration valar with his party, and he will no doubt bea Bie for re-election by acclamation. ‘The Cumberland river is coor, low, and these hasty notes are written under the feeling, of all others, the ot, to the go-ahead-itive disposition of the age, that of be! fast aground, with little prospect of getting away until Professor Espy or some other weather irit, shall send us a rain upen the Cumberland moun- tains. All attempts at amusement under such circum. nees are vain, and your humble servant excuses his impatience with the reflction that Job was never sub- jected to such tria! 54 While the above paragraph was being indited, a flat boat, laden with many passengers, has passed us, forcing their way up the shallow current by oars—they are com- posed of well dressed ladies and gentlemen, who disre- gerd the sun. Such is western life. ‘This is the iron district of Tennessee, where are man; hich xe erable is 3 have met with reverses, the dill which isto during the night, alter discov. ped her way, most prudently kept herself awake by re | has ‘ered, stones, ko., and although very weak when we fears tre entertained of her vuflering materially — Dublin News Latter, Sept. 21. | obedience to which can alone secure the permanent, progressive happiness of the human race. ROBERT OWEN. At sea, onboard the Victoria, New York packet ship, 28th August, 1846. Scandinavian Emigration. Me. Hera ‘Within the lest two or three months, some two thou- sand Swedes and Norwegians have arrived in this olty from the dominions of his Majesty, King Oscar—a larger number, we perceive, than regate for any pre- vious three years since the revolution. ‘These hardy sons of the North, come princi from among the egricultural populatien, and proc directly to the far west. They come among us not debased me nials, but enlightened men—not superstitious bigots, but intelli t liberalists—not crouching mendicants, but honest, independent, industrious freemen—they come from their icy home, to find a new and more genial one amidst the thick woods and fertile plains of our flow- ery west. They have left behind them the humble cot- es of their childhood, bosomed in the frost and snows oftheir polar birth-land, to rear amidst the solitudes of our own wide wildernoss, the rude log cabin, and beau- tify and fertilize the waste land and the prairie. They have come, renouncing allegiance to their own good king, to claim brotherbood with their Anglo Saxon kins men, to enjoy the mena of American liberty, and as sume the high responsibilities of Americen citizenship. To them, this change is pregnant with momentous, re- sults. To us, it sffords matter for serious reflection, and opportunity for corresponding action. ‘hese people, our kinsmen indeed in the bonds of a common humanity, in the belief of « common christiani- ty, in the possession of a common courage, chivalry, enterprise, and hospitality, have yet to learn our lan- poses our laws, our manners and our customs, be- fore brother! cen enjoy the full commuuion of republican ood and citizenship. In leaving their Scandsnivian home, they have sun- dered at once, and forever, the ties taat bound them to their country and their friends—their Homesteads have passed into strangers’ hands, and with all their worlaly Wealth about them, they have cast themselves with fa and trust upon r soil. For themselves, and their children, ‘mde aventare, which, wheth- er it result in weal or woe, it is probably now beyond their power to change ‘Their worldly wealth may indeed be small It was enough in their own land with their simple habits, iru- gality, and mutual charity, to ensure them cheerf' comfort and contentment—with it, they could al families—do their share for the support their gov ir christi nd enough beside to welcome n needy neighbor stran- r¢ there, hospitality was a household iriue—the Dame of stranger a passport to their hearts and hom: ry tells us are traits inseparable from Swedish character, euch of course must distingush the Swedes who now come to unite with us.’ Shall the anglo- Saxon yield the palm of generosity to his Scandinavian brother 7 It is not his interest aa wellas his duty to bid him welcome tothe land of liberty, and ex! to him the hand of friendship ‘There are but few us who have given sufficient bject, to understand the nature of the Did we go back and look into their histo find in it, and them, qualities and deeds which, as pe triots and Americans, we should and admire é If we tarned to the history of the early settlement our country, we should find that the Swede was there ; times still. more remote, under the title of North- erner, we should find him urging claims to the sai high honor, which Veepucius now shares am part wi Columbus.’ But every where, and on all occasions, the same reatless, uctive, enterprising, generous, brave and ong the best in the 1 believe, an undisputed fect, Itis said of them world J of the great Emperor Charlemagne, aan aria vessels visited his dominions, and he was ‘so struck with their lofty bearing and hardy appearance, ectuall; as the come over aa setae aay. not ar distant, 8 poaploy rook this, allured by the beauty and fertility of would descend in numbers and conquer conntry. ae region, beloved historians differ, and private opinion varies, the most reliable and authentic concede the following at America was first discovered by the Seandinav- it in the year 874 they colonized Iceland. That .eif, a son of Eris the Red, an Icelander, who discovered Greenland, made the fact known to the King of Norway, who determined to support a colony there, which colony was sustained ond flourished for three centuries. That Biam, a Norwegian, trading to Greenland, being driven out of his course, discovered a low woedy country which he knew could not be Greenland. He returned home without landing ; but Leif, immediately upon hear- ing the report, equipped a vessel for the strange land — He sailed south and w: disco: en ae must have been either Newfoundland or Labrador; proceeding still further, he reached a fine undulatmg coast, abounding with woods; rivers filled with j and fields and forests ‘with wild grapes. This ‘land, it is resumed, was the present state of Maine. After ifs return the coast was visited and explored by several others, from Labrador to Massachu- sotts. After 1121 be found, and w the discovery of Columbus, there had been a total cessa- tion of intercourse between Iceland and Greenland, a difficulty arises which throws d authenticity of these statemen we have, however, the averments of Snord—and Adam, of Bremen, who say firmation of all from the lips of Bweyen Il, king of Den- mark. It is said, too, that the first modern missionaries who came here, found the Cross, a je of the sters—a superior kind of worship, and a m onions mind, among the inhabitants of the coast supposed to have been colonized by Crowne. to these matters without finding y No person can lobk in them abundant food for fun, philosoph; wonder, and speculation—they are su; - that is ridiculous, romantic, grand, ime. Suppose, Mr. Editor, you had the pencil of a Cruik- shank, and should just sketch out that interestin grou, here stood first und foremost, his imperial ness, rlemagne, clothed in his imperial robes, ho! in his imperial ha imperial pocket handkerchief— blubbering forth imperial tears; like some qvergrown schoolboy, whose hands were filled with pumpkin pie and his mouth stuffed with the same ancient commodit for fear some more powertul loafer than himself woul rob him of his possessions—1 believe you would scare up a picture, which might make even a monk burst his sides with laughter. hen, too, just think of our old friend, Christopher Columbus, finding a mare's nest— whew— ‘As my object is twofold in writing—first, to interest and instruct your readers, and next to create in their minds an interest in behalfjot the Swedes—if the present articl you, | will follow it up with a few others respecting the early Swedish discoveries end settle- ments in this country ; their habits, character, and cus- toms at home ; with some few curious anecdotes and spe- cimens of their poetry Teend to the Herald, because it is ever foremost in all honorable causes; aud always the first to call public at- tion to high and generous views and ends. I therefore do not doubt but that it will willingly lend its thousand silent tongues to speak throughout the lend the merits of the worthy Scanpinavian. Surreme Cover Decisions —Rochester, Oct. 23.—Hinmon vs. Patterson, et. al, No. 826. Mo- ton by RK. H. Tyler, Eeq,, for Judgment on friv Bill Exn. Mr. Tillinghart opposed—granted. Wayne, kc., ve. Bul- lock, No. 768, mo. by Mr /ill for judgment on friv. de- mur—granted Caw! B’k of Buffalo ve Sparrow, N 365. Mo by Mr Austin for judgment on friv. demur- ir, Bunwell oppored-—granted Same vs. Sperrow and ark, No, 354, Same as above, Whipple ter, No 669. by Mr Hill for judg) mur. Mr Edwards opposed—granted. Peats Prest., &o va. Winterbottom, Mo by Vir, Reynolds fox judgment on friv bill Exn Mr Bowdoin opposed—denied. N son vs. Shepard, No 701. Mo. by Mr. Bad ment on fiy.demur. Mr. J Mullett oppose Beecher vs Barber, No 243. Mo. by Mr. Kirkl judgment on friv. bill Exn., and that new trial be Vir Noxon oppored—granted, Stacy ve Farnham, No. 598. Mo. by 5. G Marvin, Esq, for judgment on friv. ur—granted. Hodgeet. ‘al. ads. Chautauque Co. B’ No. 14 Mr. Burwell concluded for def'ts—Mr. J Mul- lett for pl'ffs ; judgment for pl'f's on demur, with leave to plead on terms. bh impl'd, &o. ade, Stearns, ko. No 16. Mr. Chase heard for deftse—Mr. Holmes wi pl'ffs. Mr. Chase in reply—decision postponed. Holstead ads. Spencer, No. 22 ‘ Argument opened by Mr. Rydnoles for d r. Hill for pl'ff—new trial de- nied. Woodward a rplank, No. 24. On mo of Mr. Tober, new trial granted on default Lynch, &o. vs. Sto! «al. No 28. On mo. of Mr.Kirkiand, new trial ranted on default. Allaine vs. Whitney, No. 32. On mo. of Mr. Hill, judg’t affirmed on default. recently brought in very 1d. fish are said yto be very plenty off Cay Sod. The Yarmouth Register that on the 15th in- stent, the mackerel fishermen belonging to South Dennis and Harwich, about twenty sail in all, caught off Chat’ ham, from fifty to one hundred and ten barrels each; ave- rage number, seventy-five. A geod day’« work. AT STEAMBUATS, Sc. matt cell ee ET OFFICE FOR THE EST. c The mackerel fishermen ha: = = POSITION TIC oe NORTH AND W FOR ALBANY,75 fess Be : M. L. RAY, Agent. TROY MUOKNING AND EVENING LINE SEVEN O'CLOCK. ry p FRC Frm the at ta} Lae Ree RNING LINE AT wo FOR AL. abi the boat. T TAGARA, ‘rill leave, om Monday, Wed- iad Bri THe ws : steam! ROY, Captain Pinteastand Saturday Tofaings, at? Forpuueae on ¥ on board, or at the office om the EW YORK. ALBANY NEW OR ALBANY AND TROY DIRECT, From the pier at the foot of Conrdandt waren the foot of Courtiaudt street, on "Tuesday, uounioat COLUMBIA, Capt. Wm. lgaye oa Monday, ‘Wednesday end Friday o’clock. }. Macy, H. Peck, will evenings, 7 ‘ing these ill arrive im tie, to .— | the Morning in of Cars from ‘west to y i id Lake Ci “For or jens spply on board, cr atte fice oa wharf, No freight taken 5% o’clock. other kind of property, aie Site owncre nak ih” MOKNING BOAT’ FOR AL Y AND TROY. INE DOLLAR—B: On, Qourd the boat a ban lope ance Cr Wm. Ellsworth, Boats day, * at otcloek, A. My from steaind of y street. Returning on oppo- mt ys. frei apply on board, or to F. B. Hall, a¢ Rect i rr Sema ay Balen = ry Da, ‘9% fyle my 4 fentiyy Mosetilles B az ng at ie te siren ies rit Now fot om Reka eer o'clock 5 th Perth Amboy, 25 5 % cents, ws nti as ae SR at the ly aest rates. South Amboy, Sept 22, 18/6. 825 OPPOSITION MORNING LINE AT tg O- PR rg Ling go (Peekskill; Landing at ago reet, Van vPouet: , IN be il " a fakes, (amr) ok aoc, ton, Ceaskill, nie noma bat tinder len jolla. ' fast ing low.) a MOWA. Cape. fH Seth, louday, Wrdurada: on day taraing leave Alban na, Paced lag this bont ‘trains of ears going North and West. J 7) ‘ Bronw'aat and Dinner on rion board, orof A. CLARKE, Acie S cau Rouben, $1 ew an MET. f West aud S fo Van Lorttande's Doek, 2 cents; iu 75; Albany LU LRAV NEW AND Predericksburgh, ELL hs GUINW SUULH. L GREEABLE tans Pe role BL Ralet ‘den, N Ci at burgh, Raleigh, telat ALIC are inform eo splendid low pressure , meres Dive ar cat Genday wd Friday evening, at above points... Shim mond. Weiden, N mv ornare 1ee, mor mach more certain than ‘he Chesapeake Steam! ride and os ety ofthe | pare bet Beiow entirely avoided by this Line chat hereby adv ‘Travellers are adv Joon ‘Min inet Trea nd inrention o| om pos | ‘Mail Line that parsenge: 1 be-conveyed by them in ont nection with the Mouut Vernon, nlveays 1 cheaply 4 other » and wi more *. tainty, than by any sther Line except the Line via Washe i For further particulars ¢ BRST CP fier, Pett st, ey ne it Mount eraon, of 4 >, .W. GUNNEL, Ct in. oe win Pein mad thet N. B—Travellers by the abo actliceacisiat S'vane Rr tut te bao where 7