The New York Herald Newspaper, September 19, 1846, Page 1

a TELEGRAPHIC, AND By HARNDEN & Co. AND ADAMS & Uo, ARR.VAL OF THE STEAMSHIP CAMBRI AT BOSTON. HALF A MONTH LATER FROM EUROPE, Highly Important Commercial Intelligence. American Affairs in Europe. Another Offer of the English Mediation in the Mexitan War. THE DEBATE ONsMEXICAN AFFAIRS IN PARLIAMENT, The Prorogation of Parliament, The Amorican Tariff in Burope. ADVANCE IN THE PRICE OF COTTON, IMPROVEMENT IN GRAIN. THE MAREBTS. &e., & The steam ship Cambria, Captain Judkins, arrived ati Boston at about 8 o'clock yesterday this} morning. This fet .was immediately an- nounced to us over the lightning line. She sailed frora Liverpool on the 4th instant. and her news is therefore half a month later. : _ The intedtigence, in a commercial point of view. is of the highest importance. . The Price of Cotton had advanced sufficiently to increase the value of one whole crop upwards of five millions of dollars. There had been an improvement in the prices of Grain, with an excellent demand. It appears, by a debate in Parliament on the Mexican war, that the mediation of England has been, for the second time, offered to the United States and Mexico. The news from America announcing that the American government had made overtures of peace to the republic of Mexico, caused a great change in the aspect of Mexican aflairs, and pro- duced quite a revolution in the market value of that stock. The Cambria brings one hundred and thirty- three passengers—one hundred and seven to Bos- ton; amongst whom are the Hoa. Washington Irving, our late minister to Spain, and LD. May- nard, Esq., bearer of despatches; Rev. E. Kirk, Rev. Dr. Dewitt, and the celebrated “ Cruik- shanks,” the caricaturist. One mercantile firm in Limerick, has sent out for a dozen cargoes of Indian corn. Considerable discussion has taken place in the French journals, relative to the recent alterations in the American tarifl. ‘The Constitutionel thinks the tariff still too high, and enforces on the American government the necessity of establishing docks and “ entrepots.”” The grain crops have been gathered in the British Islands, and the general impression is that wheat will bean average yield. Oats the same. Potatoes, owing to disease, are every where a failure. The Chamber of Deputies opened on the 17th ultimo, with the usual speech from the throne, which was received by the steamer of the 19th of August. The proceedings of the Chambers lave since been confine: to the verification of the election of each Deputy. When this is com- pieted they will return an answer to the King’s speech, to which the Peers have already sent up theic reply. Joseph Henry, who fired at the King on the 29h July, has been tried by the Peers, found guilty, and was condemned to work in the gal- for life. No doubt is entertained that the fellow is insane. His MSS, letters and his con dact prove it. During the trial he expressed a wish to be condemned to death ; but a new State poliey towards these regicides has prevented the realization of this ambitions desire for * hero worship.” The Bank of England has lowered its rate of interest to 3 per cent, and the effect has been vi sible in improving the price of public tands.— This movement gives greater facilities to trade, and is intended to obviate all evil consequences of the failure in the potato crop. In thns acting, the directors have incurred some censure, coun- terbalanced by a more general meed of praise.— The share market has an upward tendency. Hostility continues among the irish people to- wards Indian Corn, but incieasing intelligence is gradually removing the prejudice. Turnips are ua sound state, and will compensate for the loss of the more popular esculent. Atiast advices from Van Dieman’s Land, the luhoring classes experienced considerable distress, and the evils of the probation system were inces- vantly manifested.9 Conservative Presidents and Vice Presidents of the French Chambers wereelected by large ma- jorities, and the ministry has a working majerity of 120. The British iron trade has improved, in view of the opening of the markets of the United States, under the new Anerican tariff. Freights in American bottoms were not active, although a partial advance had been obtained on some. The American provision market was in a buoyant state. Our accounts from the English manufac- turing districts are more cheering. ‘Tae parliamentary session had been brought to a close, The subseription to the Cobden testimonial amounts to 70,000 pounds. ~ One of the largest freights of specie on record, amounting to six millions of dollars, has arrived in England, in H.B. M. ship-of-the-line America. It was collected on the west coast of Mexico, and in Peru and Chili, on account of the British mer- chants. England has now on that coast a supe- rior line of mail steamers, by which her commer- cial intelligence is greatly facili‘ated, and her mer- chants enabled to monopolize some of the most profitable markets in the world. This cargo of specie from Weztern America, has been deposit- ed inthe Bank of England. Accounts from Smyrna state that no less than ten piratical vessels are cruising aloug the coast of Asia Minor. L taFrom recent returns, lately published in a Spa- nish journal, Tt appears that the Spanish may, vonsists of 55 vessels or ships of war, aimed wit #20 guns, and manned by 4,751 men. The sareity of apples and other fruits in Eng- Jand this year will, we expect, afford to the Ame- rican culavator amopportunity of exporting that article to this country to some advantage. The Russian government_has just declared the Polish provinces of Wilna, Kowno and Grodno to be under martial law, the command of the coer- cing army being given to General Paskewitsch The preeent year exhibits a remarkable ii F m- crease in the commerce of the Ugited States with ‘dom of &: rdigia. This increase is owing ceesstul efforts of the American minister » Mr. Wicklitte, in induving the leading merchants and manufacttiirers of Genoa to import American proditce, and export that of their own conutry to the United States directly. quence, American commerce has been relieved from the intervention of third nations, and, by the establishment of direct relations, augmented. As an instance of the ingrease, the article of cotton may be taken. The usual average quantity of Atierican cotton imported into Genoa yearly has been ten thousand bales; during the first six | moaths of thejpresentyear eighteen Shousand bales | have been already imported. It is stated that the Prussian government is about to declare Stettin a free port, and to estab- large entrepdts there. The government has bought a considerable space of ground near the town, for the construction of a new port and docks. Viscount Falkland had an andience of the queen on Tharsday last, at Osborne House, on his return from his governmentat Nova Scotia.’ The noble viscount also had the honor to kiss hands, on being appointed Captain of the Yeoman Guard, and reeeived from her majesty his gold stick oi office. The income of Great Britain, ending the 5th of January, 1845. and 1346, was £56,933,022, £53,- 590,217 And £57,602,268, whilst the expenditure was £55,501,74), £55,103,017, aud £53,873,063, Commerce in THe East Inpizs.—The Dutch have recently proclaimed Sambas and Pontiana, oa the island of Calamantan and Rhio, on Baitam, to be free ports. A rumor, however, has reache Europe that the Moluccas are immediately to be placed in the same category ; and, if so, we may pera say that the state of things contemplated y the British plenipotentiaries, who signed the celebrated treaty of 1824, has been at length in a great measure realised. i Beucian Treaty.—The Moniteur Belge publish- es the following royal decree:—“ Thread and woollen tissues coming from France are only to be admitted at the reduced daties on a certificate being produced that they are of French origin.” Tue Genwan Zoutveretn.—The Congress of the German Customs Union held its closing sitting at Berlin on the 19h. The German journals state that the advocates foran advanesin the tariff have been defeated by the partizans of the status uo. Those journals also declare that the duty on nglish thread will nat be augmented, notwith- standing the unanimous demands of the German Spinners. CONVENTION BETWREN AUSTRIA AND Paussia.— From recent advices received from Germany, it appears thata convention has been conciud: di be- tween Austria and Prussia, by which those two powers bind themselves to guard over the rights of Germany relative to the succession in the duchies, Tux Mixgrat Ricnes ov rar Istamus or Pa- NAMA.—At the present moment, when either the cutting of acanal through the American isthmus, or the making of a ra:lway, or both, are nigh to be accomplished, a reportof the mineral riches of that locality has been widely circulated in the French penodicals. It is said that a distingnish- ed French engineer, on surveying the isthmus, has discovered gold in the sand of the sea shore, to the amount of five millions of fraucs. Invortant Coonan ArpornturNts.—The sys- tem upon which the present government is acting in its colonial copes is eminently satisfac- tory. Instead of being given to the partizans of the minister, they have, in every recent instance, been made the rewards of efficient public service, and in this respect partake rather of the charac- ter of promotions than appointments, Thus, Lord Elgin, after acting with much ability as governor ot Jamaica, has been appointed to the more im- portant post of Governor General of Canada; Sir C. E. Grey, late Governor of Barbadoes, will suceged Lord Elgin ia Jamaica; while Licuten- rat Governor Colonel Reid, from Bermuda, will replace Sir C. E. Grey, and he himseif be sno- ceeded at Bermuda by Captain Elliott. The only fresh appointment is, therefore, to the least ini- portant post, and the principle is established that a colonial governor, by an able and diligent dis- charge of his duty, may rise through regular gra- dations to the highest honors and emoluments of the department. American Affales in Europe, [From the London Times, August 21, The Isssitude and the quiescence which mark the waning period of this eventful year ded from this country and the othe leclaration of their independence, the United States of America have not passed through'a more ble and momentous session of Congress. Thi ‘ood _upon the brink of a war with the power most formidable by land and by sea to the security of their territory and the interests of their commerce. been plunged into rash, wanton, and ineffec- with their only other neighbor in American hemisphere. ‘They havo set afoot a consid able army, acting | eyond their own frontiers, while the largest Squadrons which ever sailed under the American Mag ere blockading the ports of Mexico in the Gulf and on the Paci ‘They have appropriated vast sums of to these military preparations, and by the Sub- jury Bill, which received the sanction of the Legise lature at the close of the session, the Government has resumed the dangerous power of tampering with the public securities of the Union Mean: while, whatever may have been the real intentions of Mr. Polk and his immediate advisors, the diplo inatic prudence of the British Ministry and of the Ameri. can Senate brought the Oregon controversy to atimely and fortunate termination. In ell theso transactions the inet of Washing'on may have successfully promo ity own party ends, but the politizal cond:ict of the President with reference to the English negotiation and the Mexican war has done little to raise his own credit 48 a statesman, or to do honor to the American nation. The Oregon corre lence, including the instruc. tions transmitted from time to time by Mr. Buchanan to Mr. McLane at this Court, has new been communicated to the Senate and published by the American journals. — It jfatry to demonstration how far the real views ef Mr. | Polk fell short of the claims he had thought fit to en courage and adopt in his public discourses ; and it further proves, that in the final settlement the Americans gave up one of the points—namely, the pavigationof the Co: iumbia—to which Mr. Polk and Mr. Buchanan had re- atedly expressed an unalterable determination to ad- ere. On the 12h of July, 1845, Mr. Buchanen declared that, “with his present impressions, the President can ield to Great Britain the free navigation of the Columbia.” On the 26th of February, 1846, he edled— The President cannot, however, anti any possible circumstances which would indi e hich to sub- tion (thet of a temporary joint occu- pancy,) if it should contain asurrender to Great Britain of the perpetual right to navigate the Columbia. A grant of free navigation of the St. Lawrence to the Uni States would be no equivalent for such a co: ions! Never- theless this concession was made ; and: othing can be allow than the attempt of Mr. Buchanan to cleak this strong inconsistency by asserting thatthe Senate voted the treaty under the conviction that by the true construction of the second articie of the project,the right of the isudson's Bay Company to naviga e tne Columbia expire with the present license to trade with the son the north west coast of Ameria, on the 30th ay, 1909. Mr. Buchanan must have been perfectly aware that the ilnéson’s Bay Company isa permanent corporation, nearly two centuries old; and the naviga- tion of the i is secured to it and to all British Subjects trading with it in perpetuity. fa the conduct of the Mexican war tho President has, if possible, displayed 4 still more marked falling off from the course he hed proposed to himself and promised the country, inated entirely with his The hostuities ori; be instructions to General Taylor, for it iscloor that Mexicans would never have marched a man beyond Matamoras, and the territory between the Nueces snd the Rio Grando might with perfect security heve re- tauined neutral, until the boundary treaty could be ne} tiated. “Mr. Polk, however, required a war—he required military and boldly drew a je ™ expenditt at the people. The di ome oe folly und enttasm of e usm o rum tarned their b the pct was a we foreseen that the conduct of this war would presei superable military didiculties, and that the cry of mercte ing to Mexico, investing the principal cities, and pying the country, was the mero dream of populace, Without roads, without local with @little water, and a great deal of march of an American Mexico would have led to its it has proved. General Rae a prodent as well a gallant commender, and he has therefore not eve: ‘anced to Monterey. Nor hes Commodore Connor been more enterprising. The Ame- rican officers by sea and land deserve great credit for the resolution with which they hat from those itcousiderate, though sornetim Hiant under. takings which the impetuosity of a 48 so apt to force upon a comman heir diseretion is praise worthy; but what she!l we say of the still mor aan ond placable dispositions of President Polk? He has , efter having unsuc- acontingent appropriation of providing fo: y expenditu: which it may be necessary to make in advance for the NEW YORK, sa As a Conse. | es, alternative of a well-filled ie" Cabinet of Washington Sister republic, that Mr. Bu- ht be inconvenient for the ‘wait for the payment of treaty could be ratified by a ‘iations made by Con m, had it not been for Me. Davis, would have left ary, for the express prr- | of Guatimozin ¢ urse. So conside: come towards chanan suggests. | Mexican Govern | the whole sum w \the Senate, and th | gress.” Congress, welktimed pr | handvome balance i: | pose of relieving (he mecess enemies, and | an the ma 3 f Genoral Ta . The Mosi- cans will regret Ir. Dimwis's, prothaty, for, upon such j eyes Se these, they weld will gly Be conque davery a mind the ancient practice sdmin- istering a couple of tocure a black eye some what Ughtly inflicted v approves, and ju: the just and netessary o; ting that Mexico receiy, lease, how comes it that sig wader antagonist. “Homapi- ; but what becomes of @ ofthe dispute? If it be fit- million dollars for a full re- 8 hitherto only beeu paid in knocks?” Ab. are we tothink of Mr. Polk, who begi ‘and ead w! | ious to termiaate with pad and gold ? need no auswers, Mr. Pol has discov ties and evils arising out ofthe state of Mexico ; and we are not dip fruitless, though nove! scheme of torminatiag it, it bo at the expense of his d character as a pol and ot some luss to the dignity of the United States. Mexico and th In the House of Commons goat, Lord George Bentinck House to the present state of; nited States. A Mone Niet of Au. day, d the ion of the irs between ithe United had a greaf interest in exports to it amounted States and Moxico This co Mexico, inasmuch es our epual to. £500,000 a yeur, as the Britigh capital invested in its mines amounted to at Joast £10)000,000; and as the public debt of Mexico to this count much niore. War, therefor and Mexico, must be extre samounted to ucarly as stween the United States urious to British com- mercial interests ; and if i€1 end in the conquest of Mexico by the United States feared that the British debt in Mexico wouid follow the fate of the debts owing 4 the United States themsdlveato this country. Besides, if the United States becant of Mexico, they would, in consequence of wing already annexed Texas to themsel and at once in front and rear of our West India colonies. 1 of the various a ive meas States had first of all annexed Text were now attempting to aunox Unless there was an ond put to th tween Mexico and the United § nest mediation of this country, most unfavorable to British there never was a case of mor than that of the United States upo the annexation of Texas was the United States at the last Presid the annexation of California, if Mat be the test at the election of Podaiden In gaining possession of Matam@gas, the United States had gained the key to Central Meee, and were thereby enabled to introduce their manufa s into it without payment ofany duties, They had thus’won possession of the commerce of Mexico, which was initsolf a se biow to the commercial and manufacturing interests of Great Britain. After several remari@ on the unjustifiable choracter of the means by which the working out their schenies of territori he asked Lord Palmerston to explain the entered into a history by which the United and by which they and California. now existing be- by the firm ear: ould Jead to results oat, argued that le ssion PMiexico, and Uiat at st for President of the election, so would entire of Mexico, in the year 1313 of our relations with Mexico, and pressed w hun, at the same time, the expediency of our talaga imme- diate steps to prevent the annexation of M to the United States, and to putan end to the ly 8 LOW prevailing between those two countries Lord Palmerston that on the 29ih of June lest, the then Minister of the Crown had told the House that #e packet which sailed on the 3d of June, had taken out anoffer of mediation on the pert of this country to the government of the United States, Now it stated by the, official organ of the American government that no such offer of mnediation had been signified to or made by Mr. ham, our minister at Washington. He conch asking Lord Palmerston what was the true state cape with respect to this offer of mediation? eh Viscount Paumensson.—1 shall have groat pleasure giving my noble friend an auswer to the question he put. Itrust, however, that the House will think | am ureuing that course which is most betitting the positidn hold if 1 do not follow my noble friend into those ob- servations which he has made upon the past transactions botween this country and the United States, Mexico and Texas, concerning the relation to that country with Texas, and the aunexation of Teaas to the United States. These’ are matters which belong to past periods—the facts are historically known, and it is not, | think, neces- sary or useful for me at present to expross any opinion upon them, (Hear, hear.) Sir, my noble friend has ex- injury Which must acerue to ish interests from the war how going on between Mexico and the United States. 1 entirely concur with my noble friend that in the present state of international relations in the civilized world, it is impossible that any greet war can be carried ou between any two considera blo and independent states without that war aifecting prejudicially the commercial interests of all other coun- ties which may have relations of commerce with the two contending parties. And in proportion as commerce increases, in proportion as commerce is freed from all those restraints which tend to limit and superscribe its extent, in that proportion will it be the interest of all na- tions that peace should universsily prevail. (Hear.)— ‘Therefore do I look with greater satisfaction upon the progtess which has lately been made by those doctrines of extended commerce which appear to me to afford ad- ditional recurity forthe maintenance of peace all over the world, (Cheers) 1 think, however, my noble friend has in somo dogree eavaggerated the facility with which in pinion, the United States may establish their au- thority and dominion over the territories of Mexico.— ‘Those territories are vast in their extent, and in propor- tion to their vastness is enhanced, the difftculty of car- rying on military operations of an aggressive charac- ter within their limits. ‘Chat country is occupied b ery lange ovulation, of from eight to tea millions inhabitants, of a race diferent from tie people of the United States, of a religion different from the religion ofthe United si though it easy for the United States to incorporate the Union a country like filled and inhabited al. most entirely by United States settlers, the question, I can assure my noble friend and tho House, decor yery different when it applies to the annexation of te: tories much more thickly peopled, aud iuhabited by a race different in those two respects from the race which wishes to possess them. 1 will, however, say nothing which shall in any degree affect that character of impar- tiality which befits a government that offers its medietion between contending parties, (Hear, hear.) My noble friend doubts the aceuracy of the stotement which was made by her Majesty's late government with respect to the offer asserted to have been tendered by them, of me distion between the two parties. I am giad, in justice to our predecessors, that my noble friend has enabled me to wet tuetquestion right. The fucts are shortly thesef: J is perfectly true, as asserted by the right honorable bare- net ai the heat of her Majesty's Government, that an offer was made to the United Statrs, and also communicated to Mexico, which her Mi jesty’s late Government understood and meant to be an offer of mediation. ‘Chat offer was, 1 think, properly conveyed, in terms which left great lati- tude o1 interpretation to the Government of the United States, Our position with respect to the United States waa at that time not the position of undiassed impartiality, which befits the char The question between this couutry and the United States wita respect to the Oregon territory, had not at that time been finally settled. It was possible, notwithstanding the negotia- tions then going on, that that question might have assum- ed a character which would have divested Great Britain of the quality of impartiality which should have belong- ed toa mediator. if that discussion had endod in a rup- ture between Great Britain and the United States, our mediation, of course. between the United States and Mexico would have been out of the question. offer, therefore, which was made to the United States was in ¢f- foot this, that if the United Slates were dispased to accept the mediction of Great Britain, that mediation would be frankly offered and tendered. 1 think that was going as far ag in the then existing state of things, the Government of Greut Britain couid properly have gono. The Govern ment of the United States, however, considering I have alread: i ct to the position in which the Oregon q 1 Great Britain tow arly the United states, did not nk it expedient press auy wish upon the subject, and therecare n was sent, it being understood by the Goverament of the United States that the “communicetics s not one whic necessarily required an that they were left at liberty to act upon ‘it it they pleated, bat that no umbrejge would be taken by this ¢ it they abstained from taking any steps con feq on it. f had, however, on interview not lon, ago with Mr. McLane, the American Minister, who, am sorry to say, was obliged, on accouut uf his health, to retire from his post here and return tothe United States. [ am sure every body who has had the goo: for- two countries have lost the benefit of his rgan of communication between (Hear, hear) 1am satisfied that, fay think fit to send in his o can have at heart more gret that the services here as the o1 the two governments. whoever the United States place, no man can be se strongly than he has between the United States and England, or who ca possessed in a hi (iteor, had de- might enable him to carry that wish into — tre hear.) I found from Mr. McLane sf scribed had been the understanding ni and as, fortunately, it has fallen to my lot, since | hay held the seals of the foreign. department, to exchange with Mr. McLane the ratification of a convention with the United States for settling the Oregon question, I, on thepart of her Majesty's government, e instructed Mr. Pakenham now to make the renewed ojfer of mediation ype that shall vequire an answer from the United A corres; ig communication has been mate exico, and, therefore, the offer both the contending parties, it will depend ow the answers wejmay receive to these com mui Hons in deare the government of this coun- try may be successful in bringing to on amicable settle- ment, a difference which | am sur; the well wishers xico 7 d 0 of both M the United States would rejoice to ere is another point! think of some importane purpose of setting al} our difficulties with the Mexican | republic.” meaning of this peculiar phraseology | rx to be, not that the army should make an expe: | eppea dition in advance for the subj jon of the Mexican ter | ritory, but that the Treasury should advance whateyer | may be needed ‘to-pay ea fair. walent for any concer | fe Adi Bow. be mace by saree MD ee | s the pen © plemsantiweiters 9 evidently thought | the advances of the Troasury entitlod to a myaetoeee Over the advances of the troops. In short, aller having United States havit with Mexico which tional expenditure, mi their revenue was insuffici mand, bethought themael: found themselves engaged in a war wolved the necessity of great vddi- end naval, and finding that it to meet that increased de- how that revenue might be increased What was the step which the government of the United States took for that purpose? That step was to lower{tha duties on imports. 7 said these high Th protect duties might he all very welt in time of peace, Veen wrens ws of less object to us, but oe cunt } held the most arrogant and unco ising language to | Mexico at the swools poit Prosilent Polk, et banlows | t prevent to the astoniel descendants of Cortes and s abandon them now that the commencement of war re- quired a great augmentation of our resources. ‘That cir cumstance 16 ie 4 iilustrative of genoral principles—that the | jan, | |} with a desire for social tune of knowing that distinguished man will greatly re- | says, “ou maintenance of gucd relations | be | own, her degree of all those qualities which | that navigation 93 per cent. of the conveyance | newspapers relative to the recent doctrines which go to show that freedom of comm intercourse not only conduces to the development of the commercial industry of a country, but is the surest foundation of an augmenting aad prosperous revenue — (Cheers) Mr. D'Isnavus considered the reply of Lord Palmerston to be anything but satisfactory. He insisted on the necessity of our arresting, i a determined spirit, the system on which the United States were acting—a system which menaced at once our North American and our West Indian colonios, and © for universal empire URDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 19, 1846. ed a disgraceful desire | Mr. Benya expressed his satisfaction at the speech of | Lord Palmerston, and contended that we ought to await and see what answer wouldbe returned by the United States to his late communication. - Mr Waxuey said he considered the speech of Lord Palmerston to be the speech of a peaceful Minister. Ho ‘was deliguted to hear that the noble lord was anxious for the restoration of peace bet the United States and Mexico, aud hoped that he would not change his policy. Hore tho discussion dropped. Prorogation of Parliament. On the 23th ult, Parliament was prorogued by com- mission ‘The Lory Cuancetronina clear voice read the fol- lowiag speech trom her Majesty My Lonvs axp GentLemen, “ We are commanded by har Majesty to express to you the warm acknowledgments of her Majesty for the public spirit you have evinced in the discharge of your laborious duties during an anxious and protracted’ ses- sion “Hor Majesty truststhat you will be rawa rded by witnessing the benoficial resalts of the measures, whic! have bee sanctioned by her Majesty for the present re- laxation and ultimate repeal of protective duties oa corn and sugar. “Her Majesty entertains a confilent hope that the more {reo admission of, the produce of foreign countries into the home market will insvease the comforts and better the condition of the great body of the people. “ Her Majesty feelsthe greatest sutisfactionin ref t- ing that her Majesty’s efforts to settle, ina manner con- sistent with national honour, the conflicting claims of Great Britain and the United States, with respect to the territory on the North West Coast of America, have completely successful. “ Her Majesty continues to receive from all Foreign Powers the strongest assurances of their desire to culti- vate friendly relations with this country. “ Her Majesty commands us to congratulate you on the victorious course and happy conclusion of the war in India, and hor Majesty hus much gratification in an- muuncing fo you veg ory tranquility prevails through- out the whole of the British possessions in that quarter of the world. “ Genriemen or THE House or Commens, “Her Majesty has observed with satisfaction the care you have taken to prevent permanent loss to the revenue and to maintain the public faith. “ Her Majesty has commanded us to acknowledge the zeal and pupae f with which you assented to the in- crease in the naval and military estimates,whish a regard to the exigencies of the public service induced Her Ma- jesty to propose for your consideration. “My Loups anp GextLemen, “Her Majesty has to lament that a recurrence of a failure in the potato crop, in an aggravated degree, will cause a serious deficiency in the quantity of a material article of food. “Hor Mojesty has given her cordial assent to measures by which this calamity may be mitigated in that part of @ United Kingdom where the cultivation of the potato has hitherto afforded the chief supply for the subsistence of the people. “Her Majesty has seen with pleasure that a considera- ble diminution of crime and ou has taken place in those counties of Irelaud which had been most disturbed. “Her Majesty is confident that on your return to your several countics, you will find a spirit of loyalty ‘gen- erally prevalent. The extensioa of works of improve- ment has increased the demand for labor, and the tran- quillity of the country has favored the pursuits of indus- try in ail its branches. “Her Majesty trusts that by a combination of pru- dence with enterprise, an img obedience to law, her people will. throngh the Divine blessing, enjoy the full advantages of peace ” a noble and learned lord then, in Her Majesty’s and by Her Majesty’s command, declared the Par- nt prorogued to Wednesday, the 4th of November. ies he Ireland, Since we last addressed our readers, the news from Ireland is of a character which cannot fail to prove interesting. The return of the whigs to ‘has gladdeued the hearts of the people, to think that they wall now be govern- jality, and that their reliy‘ous and will be respected. The new Lord Besborough has returned poration of tnat city have A iti saree bing it and moy’s “are of the most formal cha- racter. tot Chageellor Brady is sti!l engaged in restoring the re magistrates who were su- perseded by Sir Edward Sugden. Mr. O’Connell 18 about to ‘pack up and be off to the wilds ot Dar- rynane, for the purpose of followin; well- hi trained beagles on the hills o! ‘lie ippear- ed at Conciliation Hall, at meetings held since our last publicati 7T topic of discussion was the separation of t} ‘ou! Ireland party from the ranks of Repeal. the Liberator would gladly receive the ‘“ Nation” party baek again, parucularly Mr. Smith O'Brie! still he is fully’ determined to keep cleat the law, and will not permit the idea of “ physical force,” to enter the deliberation of the Association. In his speech of Mon- day, the 3ist, he refersto the decision of the Pope respecting the Irish Colleges Bill. The de- cision is against the measure, so that John, Arch- bishop of Tuam, has succeeded in his opposition to the measure with the College of Cardinals. What step Drs. Crolly and tag A will take in reference thereto remains yetto beseen. Mr. O'Connell warns the Russell ministry of the dan- ger of forcing the provisions of the bill upon the people of Ireland. He is to move a petition to tue Queen, praying for an alteration in its enact- ments for mixed education. He told the meeting that he abhorred a mixed education, because it always led to infidelity or indifferenee, as in the case of the Prussian Government, which adopted that system. The rent for the week was an- nounced at £104 Is. 6d. The accounts of the distress, present and expected, in consequence ef the potatoe rot, are really appalling. r. Dillon Browne, a few nights ago, in his place in the House of Commons, called attention to the pover- o and distress which already prevails in Mayo. tis but justice to the present as weil us the late Government to add, that both have been actuated by the best motives, and adopted every plan they could devise to meet the existing wants and des- titution of the Irish peasantry. At the same time, objection has been taken to the present Govern- ment plan of relief, so far as regards the kind of employment to be provided for the distressed. Lords Gullamore and Devon appear at the head of the list of remonstrants in Limerick. The Young Ireland en in Rathkeale, county Limerick, intend inviting Mr. Smith O’Brien to a puble dinner in that town. Some active mem- bers of the priesthood in the same county have originated a subscription in support of the Nation newspaper, and it is said several laymen bave contributed to the fand. France, The advices from Paris are to the Ist inst., in- elusive :— Considerable discussion has taken place in the erations in the American tariff. The Cunstitutionne thinks the tariff still too high, and enforces on the Amer- iean Government the necessity of establishing dovks and entrepots. The Courrier Francais thinks that America has made a decided step towards entire freedom of commerce, and praises it ac- cordingly. The Stecle believes that the alterations in the daties will greetly increase the consumption of French wines, provided the temperance socie- ties do not make a too active crusade. The Presse, on the contrary, finds the tariff @ positive injus- tice to France. “French winesand brandies,” it ‘ht to have been admitted duty free.” Lt thinks the Americans are under great obliga- tions to France; and says that the new tariff “isa singular fashion of acknowledging the immense advantages which France has given to American avigation, in assimilating the Federal flag to its and which has had for its resultto assare to The resented him wit to Dublin. D Ris Exe, between the two countries. And then the Presse with that potentous solemnity for which it is re- markable, ds “it will have to be ascertained some day if France has not the right and the duty to recal the United States to the prac- tice of a reciprocity more real.” The same journal has also given several long winded arti- cles to the same tune; but they are too dismally dull to be specially noticed. Apart from the newspapers, the general opinion is that the changes in the United States’ tariff are a direct and solemn sanction of the principles of free trade, and tuat they will be beneficial rather than prejudicial to France, or, at all events, will leave itscommerce unailected. Still it is undoubted | that a very general impression prevails in politi- | cal and mercantile circles, that the United States | lave not tteated France so generously as onght to have done, considering the iacil it has afforded theirtrade. Asto the insinuation of the Presse that the States ongbt to favor France, because France allows her importations to be in American vessels, itis all humbug; for every- body knows that France has no merchant marine with which to make then, and that, therefore, the Americans owe her nothing on that secre, The Journal des Débats, the great organ of the nent, has at‘length deigned to notice the they illustration of the truth of those | proceedings of the United States selative to Mexi- ry; butit is still tinged with that ill feeling towards America which this important journal so frequent- ly manifested during the discussions on the Ore- on question. Thus it says: “When President | ‘lk caused hostilities to comme , it was in despite of the constitution which reserves to Congress the right to declare war. It was on a vain pretext, and w:thout valid motive. The Pre- ident flattered himself that he would excite po- lar enthusiasm, and probably thereby create for himself distinguished claims for a re-election.— Success has crowned his efforts cyen beyond | his expectation. The American democracy has shown a very eonquering humor, the whole of the new Continent seems scarcely suili- cient for it, and for the present it ngnst | go as far as the Isthmus of Panama. idea of conquering Mexico has flattered t! national vanity and every | mind. The Débats then enters into details rela- tive to the raising of volunteers, and the enthu- siasm of the mass for the war. As to the volun- teer regiments, it says: ** for a difficult and active war, where they would have to deal with a prac- tised enemy, they would be very bad troops ; but against the Mexicans, who do not know how to make war, and who have no intelligent officers, they are a suflicient force, and unless they be | made to remain in a region desolated by the yel low fever, will attain the object pursued by the American Government.” After some details as to the number of troops and the amount of money to be raised, the Débats adds, “ Wise men protest in Congress and in the press against the spirit of | conquest by which the American democracy is possessed. They show that the system of con- quests.and the taste for military enterprises cannot tail soon to be disastrous to liberty, and that the national institutions will thereby perish, But they preach in the desert. Northern America seems | to obey a fatal impulsion, and there is no one in | the country with power enough to stop it. Hardly would some checks, (the starred flag of the Union can scarcely sustain any serious ones in such a struggle), bring back opinion to that moderation | which it should never have quitted. Financial difficulties could only produce effect if they were of great gravity ; but Northern America, however shaken its credit since 1836, can easily find at home some hundreds of millions. and the altera- tion of the customs just adopted will add to the public revenue sity millions.” In subse- quently noticing in a few lines the news from Mexico, the Débats adds, “ This republic isin complete dissolution. It canonly be saved by the enerosity of its enemies; and it is evident, on the contrary, that the party of violence dominates more and more inthe American Union.” The articles from which these extracts are made ap- peared on the I4ch instant, Since that date, the Journal des Débats has taken no further notice of | the subject, beyond simply rep oducing the news received, Nor have any of the other journals thought it worth while to dwell upon the matter. The Courrier Francais has, however,femitted an opinion, that in evading Mexico the Americans | are by no means sure to recover leurs frais, and that they will find that all is not clear profit in annexing. Touching the offered mediation of | England between the two countries, only three | newspapers have made any observation, The Presse repeats what it suid before, that ‘it is a blunder or a menace; and the British cabinet will find in ita humiliation, or a pretext to inter- fere for the protection of Dritish interests in Mexi- co.” It believes that Mr. Polk will not accept the | offer, but will dismiss British diplomacy with | more or less politeness; and it informs its readers that the American cabinet did not ‘deign” to reply to the first offer of the English government. The Siecle says that “ it is now quite certain that England means to obtain for herself an excuse for active interven ion.” The Esprit Public is indig- nant at its being conceived possible that France should interfere between the United States and Mexico, and rants away on that and other sub- jects for some time, finally windirg up with an angry exhortation to M. Gnizot to imitate the “dignity” of the cabinetof Washington. A Mr. Morin, a Frenchman, is as to get up acompaoy for the colonization of lands in Ten- nessee, in his possession. He promises that every colonizer may gain an immense fortune, and yet, strange to say, offers his lands dirt cheap. Some time ago a company was started here for coloni- zing lands in some other part of the United States, but the thing did not take atall. The French have no taste lor emigration. " ‘ Mr. Mauguin, a well-known personage in this country, has undertaken to proceed to the United | States, to sustain the pretensions of the family of the late Etienne Girard to some part of the vast fortune he so generously bestowed upon his adop- ted country, to the exclusion of his own relatives, It appears that the harvest in the eastern de- partment is not quite so good as had boen expect- ed. There is a deficiency in the wheat, and the y and oats have entirely failed. There has cl ently been an advance in the price of bread,with every prospect of a further advance in the course of the winter. This has caused gene- ral dissatisfaction among the people, and in seve- ral towns Jed to disturbances. ‘The potato crop is al&o found to be very generally diseased, although it had been believed till now that it had | entirely escuped. It is expected that the Qu pay a visit to King Louis Philippe at the Chateau Win. His Majesty is, however, at Neuilly, a few steps from Paris, ‘and has not notified any inten- tion of returning to Eu. he | of England will Italy. Cardinal Gizzl, as wassexpected has been de- finitively nominated Secretary of State. He is the most popular of the Cardinals, and one of the most liberal in politics. ‘The Pope’s popularity increases every day. The people flock in crowds to the little town of | Sinigaglia, to see the room in which he was born, and actually ascend the stairs on their knees. Everything he does is marked with tact and libe- rality, really Koo wets oy aPope. His kindness to the poor is unboun and his sympathy with many of the political offenders, whora he re- leased, has been shown in a striking manner; he has even subscribed money for their relief. He seems bent on introducing, as soon as an Kar nity offers, most sweeping reforms, notwithstand- ing the remonstrances of Austria, Naples, and other countries. He is the best Pope the world has had. The (Side of Tuscany has been cruelly shaken by anearthquake. Whole villages have been thrown down, and 70 persons, at least, have been killed, nearly 180 wounded, and more than 4,090 deprived of shelter. The alarm created was naturally most intense ; but as there was no repe- tition of the shocks, confidence is beginning to re- vive. In Sicily, also, the earthquake has done great damage, and caused the loss of several lives. Spain. pain has gota husband—at last. he Duke de Cadiz, ke de Montpens | The Queen of 3 Isabella isto marry ber cousin,t! eldest son of Don Francisco, Du sier, It is now positively stated thet ihe military expe- | dition getting up for the Nepzblic of Pseundor has no other object in than the establish: | ment of monareny in that corntry, in fayor of | one of Christina’s children by Mines. Flores, | formerly President of the Republic, is at the bot- tom of the affair. The Government has caused | it to be denied that it has anything to do with the | expedition; but it has not prevented it, and that says most distinctly that it approves of it. I should not be surprised to heat, by and by, of a similar force being enrolled for the re-establishment of monarchy in Mexico. Holland, | extensive emigrations are taking place | this country to the United States. From the village of Wynstersyk, which consists of only 8,000, inhabitants, not less than 950 have gone enmasse. A fallin the value of landed property and houses to the extent of from 25 to 36 per cent, has been the consequence. ‘Lhe Govern: ment is said not to be without anxiety with re- | spect to these sweeping emigrations. Germany. A Treaty of Commerce between Prussia and | Denmark Tas been published. Ver trom ercial | co. What it says is very vague and unsatisfacto- | cluded between Russia and the Porte. Up to this period Russia had refused to accept the con- ditions which the treaty of 1838 laid down with regard to England aud France. Her commercial transactions were regulated by the treaty of the 10th June, 17) and by Art. 7 of the treaty of Adrianople. The conditions just subseril to by Russia are most favorable to the Porte. Art. 10 is alone of importance to Russia, as it lays an embargo on military stores, with which Turkey provided the Circassians. lormerly Russia paid 3 per cent on the importation of Russian pre tions into Turkey, and 3 per cent on the exporta- tion ot Turkish goods. In future she is to pay in the saine proportion as England and France—5 per cent on importation and 12 per cent on ex ports. By Art. 6 the Porte reserves to its own subjects the exclusive right of retail selling, and the exercise of trade, a privilege on which the Porte laid greatstress, and which was, and is still, a subject of contention between the Ottoman and European Cabinets. Art. 11 reserves to the Porte the monop of different productions. Art. 16 stipulates special conditions for the pro- vinees of the Danube. Art. 17 stipulates that the Turkish flag, Turkish subjects, and Turkish pro- duce, are to be treated in Hussiaon the footing of the most favored nation. The duration of the treaty is fixed at ten years. Cape of Good Hope. From the Cape of Good Hope we have advices tothe 28th of May. Ten thousand Kaflirs, who had swarmed round Fort Peddie, were dispersed by artillery and rockets, and retreated, leaving considerable dead behind them. ‘The firing hav- ing frightened the cattle, which were gathered under the walls of the fort for protection, the beasts broke loose, and were carried off by the Katlirs, t- the number of four or five thousand head. On the Sth of June a thousand Kaflirs un- expectedly found themselves wedged in between tso parties of the British forces. Capt. Rifle’s dragoons, mounted men, fought gallantly. The Koffer’s were galloped over and cut down in the retreat, to the Romiber ofsome hundred. Overland Mall. ‘The Overland Mail from India and China had arrived. The intelligence from India vy, this ar- rival is not imjortant. The Marquis of Tweed- dale has retired from depres: of the Presi- dency. Sir Lawrence Peel, the Chief Justice of Caleutta, had arrived on the Neilgherry. From we learn that Sir Geo. Arthur continued Panay, i ‘ serouely, ill. Commercial intelligence from \* bay and Calcutta represents trade as being dull and unsatisfactory—litde business was doing an prices for all the articles exported were lower. At Hong Kong, June 23d, the latest date from the United States was to the Ist of April. With the exception of the Mth of June, and some atmos- pherical changes on the 23d, consequent upon a sudden coming in of the monsoon, the month assed off very regularly. ‘The heavy rains look- ed for at this time have gait commenced. Pira- cies in the Chinese waters have become elarm- imgly common. Since last mail hourly atrocities of this description have been perpetrated in the harbor of Hong Kong, or within 20 miles, besides other cases, where the victims were Chinese. An ordinance for the relief of Insolvent Debtors with- in the colony of Hong Kong has been promulga- ted, said to ie a transctipt of the Insolvent Actin England. Attention had been drawn to the pro- longation of the leases, by the British authorities, of Opium saloons (where the Chinese indulge in the fatal drng) for another year. ; 7 Hong Kong is subjected to oppressive taxation by the British, authorities. Gov. Sir John Davies evinces a grasping anxiety to increase his revenus without considering the ultimate heppines and prosperity of the people. The Friend of China, and the Hsng aon Gazette attack the Governor, and complain loudly of his inconsistency and his unsteady character. Fashtons for September. ; ‘The materials for the present seasons are tafletas glacé cuit and pekin. Plaids in every variety. Barcgos taffe- tas de fil, checked foulard, taffetas Chine in narrow stripes or satin waves ; gros do Naples of mauve shot with violet ordark green shot with a lighter shade.—- Very dark plain baroges are worn by young ladies, end instead of flounces, very deep tucks edged with fringe and pelorine very deep behind and on the shoulders, crossing in front in the ceinture, and trimmed with folds edged with fringe. Morning dresses of lilac, green, or aky blue, are made with flounces, headed by velvet of the same color. Robes of brochées silk in wide stripes are with ftounces en bi the skirt closing in front so as space of three fingers betw ‘@ stripes, on placed agimp trimming ; the sleeves are long and tight, also en biais. Many dresses of pink, lilac, and even white, are trimmed with flounces of black lace ; this toilette is com- pleted by a lace shaw]. of crape lis? derate Zsize, rather gclo: the top ;-short at the ears, is, have been much in favor, of mo- atthe sides, and spread at nd i wey full bevolet, Li made not to require tying, the brides being of very w! Crape or tulle, hanging as'a veil. Crape und tulfe bon- neta of pink and white are ornamented by marron and en velvet, forming a striking contrast in material andcolor. Morning capotes of poul! ‘soie are trimmed with ribbon, without nouds, but forming voilette, round the edg morning wear are trimmed with velvet, be added a fow sprigs of mignionette, ivy, acoras, or chestnut flowers. Capotes of pale green cape are orna- mented with marabouts of the same color. ‘The tulle Payan is much used for dresses, its extreme lightness giving so much effect to the double skirt ; it is made in off colors, and in black is meme | suited for mourning. ‘i'his tulle is also much approved for cane- zous, with narrow ribbon of pink, blue, or lilac, intro- duced to show its transparency. Many little fancy arti- cles are worn of filets de soie ; handkerchiefs in . bine, or cerise, some shaded, others striped, are for ee taroet ce hee little scarfs of the same description fashionable. > Markets. Loxpon Moxey Marxer, Sept. 3—After our publi- cation of the 19th ult, and forwarded by the Britannia, the market continued in a quiet state, with very little business doing until the 27th ult, when a notice was issued by the Bank of England their rate of in- terest on bills discounted by them from 3); to 9:per cent. The immediato consequence of this step has bes frosh life and activity to business in most quarte: although the propriety of the measure has been much canvassed out of doors, we think that the accumulation ‘of bullion in fhe bank,'as well as the supply of cashin the market, reoched such a redundancy, that it would have been injustice in the bank longer to withold the advantage which will be obtained by the public by this step. A reference to our quotations will show that rices have improved, and the marketis at the same Time very firm. The following are the latest quotations: —Consols have been quoted 96 to 964 for Money, and 963, to 963; fur the Account; Exchequer Bills 193. to 2 premium; Bank Stock 208% rter per Cents 98% East India stoek at 259. Stoc! 4; to 96 Digg yh uietly. Con: don ‘tock, at an advanced pi juotations being 26", for Money, and 20%, for the Account. The causes of this change we have referred to at length in another column. ‘I'o-day official announcement of the intended marriage of the Queen of Spain has caused arunupon Spanish stock. The Five per Cents have been quoted 2, to 274s; and the Three per Cents 383; to 39%, being a rise of | )35 per cent. Portuguese Four per Cents are firm also at 46 to 46)s. Mexican Bonds have been quoted 26'; to 26°, which are barely so good as reviou ions. Buenos Ayres stock is at 43; Dutch fwo-and-a-Half per cents are 59%; to 60. Shares are steady, but there is not much to particularize. Panx or Excrann.—An account, pursuant to the Act 7th and th Victoria, cap. 22, forthe week ending on Sa- turday, the 22¢ of pugue, 1946. rice, the last qi ieevse Department. Notes 3,099 Government Debt, £11,015,100 Orher Seer 2,934,000 Gold Comte! Sitver Bulli £29, i) Banking Department. 1,553,900 3,613,216 Proprietrs’Capital, £1 Gov Kea Fi Commissionersof National Debt,and Dividnd Ace’ats) Other Deporits... Seven Day & other Bills. Ba £5, 003,260 Cortox Manxet—For the week ending 36,003,260 on at 21 Tho reports from Manchester as to of the markets there are as dull as @ Mig of kext fom the manufactari ing a considerable a wtenly demand from the trade the state According to the arrangement of the German Customs Union, the duty on English twists is not | to be increa Linen thi by machinery | will enioy a protective dnty of two dollars (Prus- | sian.) anover, it is said, intends to increase the | duty on linen threads made by machinery. A meviing is to take place during the present month. | between the King of Prussia and the Emperor of | Russia, at Koni "g. The King of Prussia pro- | ceeds first to Silesia to review a of the army. | Prince Lichnowski has been elected deputy at the | Silesian diet. a bial ai russia, A ccanetiaoee ea been concluded between | Austria and Prussia, by wach those powers bind themselves to guard “the rights of Germawy,” | relative to succession in | the Duchies. from Constantinople has t rier i eatin: wat the commercial treaty con- brought the text of tire week, the , throughout the freee specter Prices also, which were in- salos averaging 5500 lined to droop and give way ten days o have been Steadily sn fe 'falr "to “good” quall- ted ; and as ties of Y mudloan, ‘at this advanced period year, are = aratively scarce, & it turn of advan- rece tastheen obtained by the "eathngot thoes kinds Brazils also have been in fair demand, as well as 1 cotton, and generally the market has steadily its ground, Moby a byt ie lively, 1S ng rather i er fee! degree -tz00h the constant allusion to the failare of the potato crop, and its apprehended Consequences. 4350 Pee ea ee asttad us sires or expert The tales today axe 20 ales. Total sales for the week, 33,250 bales. 7 ending August 28.—The market grows @ ibe epeeies he we clove ‘the week. A continued good demand for export, settled ine w eather, cee oan, have ment by the bank of a reduced rate of have given more confidence generally on ‘change. quo