The New York Herald Newspaper, August 11, 1846, Page 1

—" THE NEW YORK HERALD. Vel. XII, No. 215—Whole No. 4452. STEAMSHIP GREAT WESTERN, SIX DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE. STATE OF THH MAREBTS. THE POLICY OF THE NEW MINISTRY. THE SUGAR DUTIES, The Test Question for the Ministry. Speech of the Hon. Lonis McLane on the Set- tlement of the Oregon Question. SPEECH OF LORD JOHN RUSSELL. &e. be, &e, The steam ship Great Western, Captain Mat- thews, one of the most popular ocean steameis, with one of the most popular commanders, ar- rived at this port early yesterday morning. She brings advices from Liverpool to the 25th ult. inolusive. The news is only interesting—it is not impor- tant. The packet ship Wellington, Chadwick, arrived out on the 22d; the Méntezuma, Louber, on the | 21st; and the Garrick, Trask, on the 20th. The produce markets were also in a stato of stagnation. Colonial sugar had, of course, ex- periexced the blow which was involved in the equalization of the duties, I'he demand for ex- portation as regards that article had ceased. The cotton market felt the depression—tempo- rary, it was to be hoped—which prevailed. It had been spiritless during the week ending on the 25th ult., mainly influenced, it will be seen, by * the stagnation which prevailed in the manufac- turing districts. In the manufacturing districts apathy existed, inereased by one or two continental failures. In the woollen districts of Yorkshire, business had been less sensitive, with the existence of greater confidence. In Leeds, goods at the cloth- halls had moved off with tolerable freedem. In Halifax, prices were firm ; in Huddersfield, stocks were low, and manufacturers cau‘ious. The sales of foreign and colonial wool in Lon- don exhibited, on middling and inferior kinds, a decline of 2d. per lb. as compared with the pre- vious sales. Other descriptions receded about ld The weather, at all times an object of interest, is especially so on the eve of harvest. Since the middle of last month; when the intense warmth which prevailed for some weeks ceased, show- ers, more or less severe, had prevailed. Up to that time the parched earth required moisture; since then it has enough and to spare. Every day during the present week has experienced copious showers, which have certainly not im- proved the grain crops, which now require sun- shine to ripen them. No great injury has been done yet. Grain in the Liverpool market on the 2ith ult, somewhat more firm, but the trade purcha cautiously, and prices were but little affeoted The potato disease, which caused so much com. motion last year, has reappeared this year in va- rious parts of England and Ireland. The import rate upon foreign wheat was raised by the six weeks’ average to 63. per quarter, and on flour to 3s. 74d. per barrel. Large qnantities of flour were daily arriving from the U. State: and Canada, but how far they remunerate the ex- porters will depend in a great measure upon the result of the coming harvest. The American provision market continued tole- rably steady. Beef was in good demand, but pork is less so. The inferior kinds of both have been in more request. Cheese and grease butter were lewer. The goverament had become fairly involved in the meshes of the sugar question. Lord John Russell propounded his measure on the 20th ult., and the discussion on its merits was to have commenced in the House of Commons on the 24th; but in consequence of the death of his bro- ther, it has been postponed until Monday. The debate would extend over several nights, and the result cannot be known until the next packet. The features of the scheme are briefly these :— ‘The colonial duty of 14s is to continue as at present. ‘The existing éuty on foreign free labor sugar is 23s 4d It ia to be reduced at once to 21s, andis to apply equal: to all foreign sugar, free as well as slave-grown. A scale of duties isto extend over five years, dropping in the first year a shilling, in the second eighteen pence, in the third the sane, in the fourth the same, in the fifth the same, at the end of which time all distinction between colonial and foreign sugar is to cease. This is an outline of the plan. Private letters received at Paris give a detailed account of a horrible massacre of some French and English at Madagascar. It appears that the fa lure in the apple crop is likely to be general throughout Europe. Itis stated that the Russian government is in consternation at the apprehended total failure of the present harvest. ¢ Hon. Major-General Sir Hercules Pakenj ham, brother-in-law to the Duke of Wellington, will succeed, it is said, the Hon. General Stuart in the governorship of Malta. The firm of Hinck & Co., at Hamburg, have just failed, and the amount which they are report. ed to owe is three millions of mares banco (about , The Vienna Gazette sates that on the day of St Peter and Paul, the Pope issued a general amnes- ty to all political offenders from 1841 up to the present time. It is stated that the Prussian m ison the eve of a crisis, or, at least, that some important changes are about to take place. M. de Flott- well, Minister of Finance, has just tendered his resiguation, which has been accepted by the This bas been the worst fruit season, says the Liverpool Mail, of the 25:h ult., that has been known for several years past. Active measures are being taken to restore tran- quility at the Cape of Good Hope. Two regi- ments have been ordered thither, and further re- inforce ments are contemplated. In consequence of the scarcity of corn in New South Wales, and the necessity which has arisen for Coe a wey er ged for the use of the troops stationed there, ,000 quarters of wheat, n ad- dition to rye and onts, will be forwarded for the use of the soldiers during the next six months. _ Sate or Her Masesry’s Surrs.—Ou the 20th instant, pursuant to public advertisement, Her Majesty’s ship Beacon, and steamer Sydenham, ‘were put up to public auction. The former was not sold, she not having reached the price at which she was reserved. The latter fetched £1060, and was sold. Thus the beautiful yacht built for Lord Sydenham, and presented t> him by the Canadians, and by him sold to the British government, bas been destined to become the property of private speculators, having been con- demned as unfit for further public serviee, Tur New Porr.—The German journals relate numerous instances of the Christian humility of the new Pope. ‘ His cook (says one of these jour- nas) one day served for his dinner seven differ- entdishes. Pius 1X. sent for him, and told him that, when cardinal, he never had more tha: three, and that he would not now change his habit. His holiness has reduced almost expenses of his household, 4,000 Roman scudis, which were annually spent in rare piants, have been cut off from the budget, and half of the horses of the pontifical stables have been sold.” I the | NEW YORK, and were much gratified by inspecting, a large iron-built ship, now on the mackie aad near- | ly completed, in the yard of Messrs. James Hodg- son & Co. to be called the ‘Sarah Sands,” des- | tined to run between this port and New York, and will sail in Sands, Turner & Co.’s line of | packets, and to be propelled by steam, as auxili- | ury, as well as by sail. She has been built for | Captain W C. Thompson, long the commander | of the Stephen Whitney, and whose experience and merits are well known and appreciated on both sides of the Atlantic. She w’ launched on the 8th of next menth, and may be expected in New York in about three months afterwards. The following are her dimensions:— Length of keel,. . +. + 0+ + esses Length over figurehead and tafferel. Beam....... Depth of hold. Burthen (old m « (new measurement) abo Being of great length, she will hi —the two in the middie nare-rigged, and the one at each extremity, fore-and-aft; in other words, a bark with a schooner foremast. She will have a screw propeller, with a pair of en- ie of, in all, 200-horse power, by Messrs. Bury, Surtis & Kennedy, in aid of the sails. The screw is Anon the approved principle of Mr. Woodcroft, of Manchester; and the engines are condensers, working directly and rapidly upon the shaft, on the patent principle of our townsman, Mr John Grantham, civil engineer and nautical architect, who is also the modeller of the ship. The screw is14 feet in diameter. The engines and boiler will be some feet below the load water-line, and though proportionately extremely compact, will be serviceable as ballast at sea and in port. In model this ship is, in our thinking, very fine a; d appropriate, being an amalgamation between the steamer and the sailing vessel, but rather in- clining to the former. The bow below water is particularly long and sharp; the run_not so much so—a principle which bas in modern practice (though, as it were, reversing the olden order) been found to be better adapted for speed,with equal salety,in vessels having steam power, espe- cially the screw, The hull, though full in the mid- die, presents beautiful lines; so blended as to die fine | into each other with ease and grace, and give promise, even with a haavy cargo, of slight re- sistance in displacement, and ample stability un- der canvass. She hasa handseme billet head, with carvings, and the stem and quarter galleries are decorated in corresponding taste. She is clencher-built, or lap-jointed throughout, and double rivetted, a plan which we prefer to the gah jeinin both for appearance and strength ; and the builders have put her together in a faith- ful manner in every part. She has a full spar deck, and a main and lower deck ; and is divided into five water tight com- partments by four irom bulkheads. Such is the ompactness of the machinery and boilers that her holds will contain about 1500 tons of goods, or greatly exaneding the gpaaty that can be taken by that leviathan the .Great Britain. She will have cabin accommodation on an elegant and superior scale for sixty passengers, besides large space for second and third class voyagers. The rent advantages presented by this vessel, ncombiuing auxiliary steam with sail, are— tirst, that a much quicker and safer passage may be accomplished than in a merely sail-propelled vessel, while, in addition to general peat calms may be got out of. and lee shores an ales (or other dangers) be avoided; secondly, fat from the engines occupying so smalla space, a large and profitable amount of cargo may be carried. Should this first large vessel on this principle suc- ceed, and we entertain ro doubt but she will, from her first voyage may be dated the com- mencement ofa new era in mercantile naviga- tion, as many others will be built, and increase id facilitate, to an incalculable extent, rapid and onomical commercial ocean intercourse in every pagt of the world. —Wilmer’s Times, July 25. Steam Mar. Ling rrom Brisrot To New York. —We gave our readers to understand, some time 1go, that the British government was about to -siablish a new line of mail steamships between New York and England direct, and that it was sxpected Messrs. Cunard & Co., of the Boston and Halifax line, would be the contractors. The Great Western Steam Navigation Company, and the influential part of the people of Bristol, are desirous of securing to their port the advantages of the new line, and think that this company has a just claim on the government for a portion of its patronage. A very large meeting was lately held there, at which appropriate resolutions were passed and a petition drawn up stating the claims of the Great Western Company to compete wi the Cunard line, for the contract, and the eligibili- ty of Bristol as the port of departure of the new line. The petition stated that the Bristol people were the first whe solved err experiment of ocean steam navigation, and by the manner in which the Great Western ‘has performed her voyages, fully established the safety and security of steam navigation at all seasons. That the success of the Great Western resuited in a determination by government to establish a line between England and Halifax, and to advertise for tenders. That the Bristol people submitted their tender, but government rejected their offer; and taking advantage of ail the suggestions which they had learned by experience, contracted with another party, and selected Liverpool instead of Bristol as the port of entry and departure. That it is understood government is about to establish a_new line between England and New York direct—which line has been opened and main- tained by the Bristol Company for eight years, and that it is proposed to give the new line to the Cunard Company, without 9; ning. the same to competition, or jallowing the Bristol Company to treat for it. The petitioners state that if such an arrangement be made, the Bristol Company will be ruined, and & monopoly established, which will be highly injurious to their trade. ‘The petition concluded by praying that the subject may be in- vestigated by a committee, and that the petition- ers may be heard in support of their claim for the a of the port of Bristol as the place of rendezvous for the new line, and that the Great Western Company may have an opportunity of |competing for the service. The meeting was largely attended and several speeches made. | Sugar in Bonp.—By a Parliamentary paper yesterday printed, two returns were made of the quantity of sugar in bond. Mr. Barkly (Leomin- ister), on the 13th inst., asked for a return “ of the quantity of foreign sugar (not including that ad- missible under the act 8 and 9 Victoria, c. 5, at the reduced rates of 28s. dd. and 28s. per cwt.) now in bond, distinguishing that imported in Bri- tish ships, or in s! Nps belonging te the country of which the same is the owtb, from that imported in foreign ships.” Mr. Foster (Berwick-on-Tweed) on the 17th inst., moved for an account. *‘ of the Gag AS foreign sugar in bond on the Ist of uly, 1846, at London, Liverpool, Hull, Bristol and New Castle. distinguishing that accompanied by certificates of its production by free labor, and that not accompanied by such Certificates; also distinguishing the quantity admissible to home consumption on payment of duty, as ervey been imported in compliance with the navigation laws.” | From the return to the first order it seems that ere was in warehouse under bond in the United Kingdom, on the 5th of July last (stated partly by estimate), 467,285 cwt., of which 250,568 cwt. was imported from the place of growth in British ships, or in ships of the country of which the sugar was the produce, and 216,727 otherwise imported.— The sugar in the return was foreign sugar, unre- fined, exclusive of sugar the produce of free labor, | or admissible at the same rate of duty under treaty By the second return it is shown, that of foreign | sugar unrefined the quantity at the places men- tioned on the 5th of July last wxs 149,375 cwt., consisting of 130,684 at London, 9, at Liv- | erpool, 5 at Hull, and 9,612 at Bristol, a lS | Newcastle. It was ign sugar, the prodace of | free labor, or admissible at the same rate of duty | under treaty. On the same day there was 248,321 |ewt. at the five places, of sugar imported from | the place of growth in British ships, or in ships of the country in which it was the produce— 140,688 at London, 106,701 at Liverpool, 183 at Hull, 124 at Bristol, and 425 at Newcastle ; and “ otherwise | imported ” 216,650 cwt.—211,339 at London, and | 5,311 at Liverpool ; making a total at the several | places of sugar in bond on the 5th of July last | 614,346 cwt.—London Times, July 23. | Burns’ Commenctar, Giance.—From_ this docu- | ment, for the first six, months of 1846, we learn that the total export of cotton yarn rar | the first six months of the oom ear was 64,159,568 lbs, against 54,692,551 Ibs., in the same period of 1845, being an increase of 9,467,017 Ibs., and the largest |export of yarn of Bg ate sper I period for | the last nine years. ie export of plain calicoes, on the other Band. is 291,921,039 yards in the first | Six months of this inst ,088,150 yards im the ling per being a de- | Crease of 8,117,111 yards. export of and dyed calicoes is 128,087,187 yards in the first six months of this year, against 168,388,502 yards in the iod of last year, being a decrease of 2 yards. year, mint Ockan Steam Navication.—We yesterday saw, | The Honorable Louis McLane and the Ore- gon Treaty. mn oe Times” wrhich went educd iP rnia, on the we si that Mr. Mc. ad conveyed to Liverpool the ratified Oregon treaty for lespatch by that steamer tothe United States. The Lives Chamber gi Lae geri took om advantage Cs we minis- er’s visit to that port, resenting lowii address on Monday, the doth — * ra “To His Excettzncy Ma- Lous M'Lane, Mimseter Pientrore: om THE Uniten States or Aus- nica ro Guat Briraiy. “ 8ia—The American Chamber of Commerce of Liver- sire to express to you the high sense which they of the value and importance of the exertions which you have recently made for friendly relations between Great Britain dnd the States. The merchants of Liverpool have read with sure, and heartily concur im the opinion wi Aberdeen, in his place in expressed of the services bit pos have rendered to your own country and to ours. Although the consciousness ef having la- bored to promote the welfare of is in a great reward, it cannot fail to afford you additional ples- sure to learn that those who have watched the ae of the have duly oyprectated | v e nce, al tem by which ycur conduct hat eoon disting’ Whitt rou have carefully mi the honor of the nited States, you have largely contributed to save both nations from the horrors of war. The highest 1e- nown belongs to such labors, and their true value will not be measured by the successful termination of the ore question alone. “ The example which has been set by the statesmen of two Great nations thus settling by discussion, and in a it of moderation and justice, disputes of long stand- Dg circumstances, of the gravest litical importance, is of inestimable value to the wor! apieriaiing 9 Boa character and particularly for this portion eorvad in sane bomey pn wit oo, own Soverepent we ou to accept the expression of our % and om best wishes for your continued healihrand happi ness. “ Liverpool, 20th July, 1846.” Mr. M’Lane appeared greatly pleased with so gratifying 2 compliment emanating from that im- Saja body, and expressing, as it did, the strong feelings of respect entertained for his character, and of the high sense of the efficient services ren- dered, both to America and England, in the eaceful settlement of this question, of which rd Aberdeen had also previously, in the House ot Lords, borne honorable testimony. To this ad- dress Mr. M’Lane made the following reply :— “ Although | must ask you to be content with abrief acknowledgment of the address you have kindly made to me, and of the flattering estimate you have been pleased to place upon the services it was in — power to render during the recent negotiations to which you refer, | beg you to be assured that Iam not the less grateful for your approbation of my conduct. To no one can the result which has so happily crowned these negotiations give cee ‘satisfaction than it has done to me; and I never abted that I could not render a more patrictic service to my own country, or one more acceptable or of greater importance to the world at large, than by contributi any assistance in ms po towards the preservation peace, upon honoreble terms, between two kindred na tons, whose prosperity I believe to be intimately inter- woven with each other. and, from peculiar. “If itbe not a reproach, ' have always thought it was to be lamen’ed that the peace ef two such nations, with #0 many motives to encourage and so few to disturb it, should have been so often and seriously threatened b: causes which when subjected to the mani gement of calm reason and honorable dealing, would immediately disappear “Upon the present occasion, while I must bear ample testimony to the amicable policy and Rood faith of my own government, it affords me unfeigaed satisfaction to confess thet to the sincere and unwavering desire of peace. if to be honorably maintained, and to the manly, straight-forward temper with which the negotiations we conducted by the distinguished minister to whom you have referred, on the part of her Majesty’s govern- ment, is result to be in no small degree ai uted, “Lagree with you, fargo pe in thin! that the temper manife by both nations in the settlement of the question ought to be an example to the world at large |, May I not add, that it affords sure guarantee of the cordial amity by which our future intercourse will be distinguished. It is gratifying to reflect that the terms upon which the question, at one time apparently so criti- cal, has been adjusted, have been fa wd satisfactory to the governments and the people of both countries leaving nothing behind to disturb the harmony of our future relations. Itis also worthy of ccngratulation, that by the convention recently concluded the only remain- ing question growing out of the treaty of 1783 has beeu finally settled; and that hereafter our people, though of separate nations.acknowledging a common origin and his tory, speaking the same Jang e, alike boasting consti- tutional liberty, regulated by law, and intimately asso- ciated in commerce and the arts, may start forward ina new career of international intereourse, without appre- hension from any ancient cause of prejudice or ill-will. No one, I assure you, more fervently hopes that the fu- os remain as free from any frewh cause of disagree ment Lord John Russeil’s Speech on the Sugar Dutier, and Slavery in the United States. Housk or Commons, July20. * * * * ¥. Sir, I believe that statement, made by a firm of abcdern in the trade, to be thoroughi- ly borne out by the fact, and that the increased price will limit the consumption ; that you will be disappointed of obtaining the supply you wish ; that your revenue will not increase as it ought to do by increasing the supply of sugar; and that the people will suffer from the price they must pay owing to the limit you place on the quantity that comes into your markets. (Cheers. Now let it be borne in fnind that, supposing the con- sumption is 250,000 tons, an increase of price to the amount of 6s. only per cwt. would be a tax on the people of this country in the price of their sugar, of £1,500,000 a year, (cheers) and that a tax which does not into the Exchequer (cheers) ; it is payi by the people, but gives no- thing whatever to the State. (Cheers.) In that state of the supply of sugar, what I should natu- rally be di: to prepose, therefore, would be the admission of other er foreign mynd into the markets of this country, to supply e deficiency under which it is evident we should otherwise suffer during the present year. But we are here met by am phjction comtrary.to the sys- tem which has preva: bay thy; ipenenad onli fe years, but more decidedly in the present’ year, ing the people to buy where they could in the cheapest pm objection is made that ‘' by so doing, by mitting foreign sugars, you would encowrage slavery, and nie on increased stimulus to the slave trade; there are moral considerations which overbear all financial and commercial views, and all views connected with the comfort and wel- fare of the people of this country.” In examining that argument, which I do not pro) to do at any length, I will just point out where I think it fails, both in completeness and in efficacy.— (Cheers.) That argument fails in completeness ; because, while you refuse admission to your home market of the sugars of foreign cowntries, you place no such bar on the admission of other productions— (cheers) ; the cotton, the tobacco, the copper, and other articles which are produced by slave labor. Therefore, sir, you do not actually carry into ef- fect, or even pretend to carry into effect, those humane views which the persons who are most opposed to the admission of slave produce con- sistently entertain. I hold in my hand a circular with respect to the sugar duties, which is headed “urgent,” and which begins with stating, as a very great misfortune, that which ministers and statesmen of this country have regarded year by year as a very great advantage, namely, the great increase in the import and consumption of cotton from the United States. t has been thought by the great majority of this house that a very large in- crease im the im; set cotton, affording the means of industry and lis to hundreds of thousands of our people, making owr manufacturing towns jusy and flowrishing, was a great me to the state ; but these state the increase of cotton from 1790 to 1845 as a reason for calling down the indignation 4 all moralists and philanthropists agaist it. They go on to say that, “if it be stated as a reason for excepting the United States from the principle of excluding slave produce, that the slavery existing in that country is charac- terized by none of the greatest horros of the Afri- can slave trade, the committee would observe that that atrocious traffic has been succeeded there by another in some features still more revolting—the breeding of slaves, whose value is regulated by the price of cotton wool in the British market.” Nobody can forget the eloquent statements that were made by my right hon. friend the member for Edinburgh with respect to the slave trade in the United States; nobody can deny the force of the ob- se vations he then mate, or the facts’ which are her: stated by the anti-slavery committee, that the con- Li wage f cotton wool in this country, and the use of tin our manufactures gives an and en Cowragement to the slave trade in the United States ; and yet, if any ‘one were to say that we woul not allow cotton to come into this country— if we were to say before we would admit cotton wool we force the United States to a solution of that tremendous problem that hangs over them—that tremendous problem, whether they shall keep their black population in a state of slavery, or whether, spplying the great arti- cles of their declaration rights, they shall, at once, give them the supreme Power in many States—the power they would be entitled to, of electing the majority of representatives—to say, that we would insist Shey i rag ena ‘on nm slaves, or we would not take their would be'mothing Tat 'tham insamiy. Ghee thing to other productions; it 1s te wath tag wince z a ttsti—“(i‘“‘“‘i‘i‘i‘i;i;stéts™S TUESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 11, 1846. to copper cre, with respect to which the wes employed in the mines of Cuba are as sufferers as any that employed on the worst estates in that country; and yet, so far from having proceeded on this consistent plan of the anti-slavery committee, we have, of late | years, diminished the duties on the admission of copper ore, and _ totally fy se age the duties on | cotton . (Cheers.) Such, then, is the first | instance to show that your policy, it it were to| proceed on an exceptional rule, is incomplete | and unsatisfactory, even to those who most | strongly maintain it. But you have not been able to maintain it even on that ground.— You have not been able to say we will ad- mit sugar only from our own colonies and} possessions in which we have enacted that slavery shall nolonger exist. We have been obliged, the late ministry has been obliged by the necessity of the case, by the insufficient supply which comes our own colonies, to admit the sugars of other countries to our markets. The consequence has been a new complication of the problem. You have had to decide what was the state of society in those particular countries, what was the state of society in Java for instance, whether the obligation to cultivate sugar in that —— respect, of which we have ob Py. cas edid not amount to astate of slavery. Youhave to consider, also, what was the state of society in Manilla, and you have also ex yourselves to the cue iog pease to the interests of the Dutch Commercial Company, at one time disposed to give you a large supply of rae and at another is hes I 3 but betides <4 you are obliged principles of your law and your treaties, to amit other counssine which have treaties with 1, providing that their produce shall be receiv- ed on the terms of the most favored nation, into competition with the free labor states. You could not do otherwise. You may say that no great quantity of will be adinitted in that case ; but your principle is utterly thrown down ; when ‘admit certain slave states to send their sugar re your principle isatanend. But in order to do this you have been obliged to take another me’ —you have been obliged to refuse to Spain the privilege, which you claimed under treaty, to send you her produce on the footing of the most favored nation. (Cheers) You have been obliged to do so on grounds which, I think, are not very honorable to a great country like this. (Cheers.) Tue New Svuocar Duttss.—' John F laid before the House of Com a) the 20th, the ministerial > tion the duties to be hereafter i {on the importa- tion of sugar. The duty colonial sugar of 14s. is to continue as heretofore. The duty of 28s. 4d., whict now charged on foreign free labor sugar, is to be reduced to 21s., and that 18 to apply lly to all foreign sugars, without ‘distincno. wth;and itis to undergo a gradual reductio or for five years,and then be im- rted x uty as that of colonial growth. Not only ,alization proposed, but the rate of ch all foregn sugars are to be admitted 1 iuced to 21s , wit! @ provi sion for the , tinction of all protecuon on th: Sth of Juy, i The following 1s the scale of duties as proposed, with the decline contemplated by the ministers: +238 4d per owt. + Bis Od per cwt. as od Paesent Doties...... Pa or July 5, 1846, to Jaly 5, 184 July 5, 1847, to July 5, be oh July 5, 1819, to July Juty 5, 1850, to July 1ss6d Jaly 5. 1851..... ¥ od Ic will be seen that Lord John Samwell es the colonists five years, while Sir Robert I gave the farmers only three years. But, on the other hand, Lord John stipulates for a reduction each year, until the final expiration of the protective duty in 1851, while Sir Robert Peel gave the far- mers the full advantage of their scale from 4s. to 10s. per quarter, entire and poriect cane the whole period that it lasts. Sir Robert Peel’s plan was perhaps superior to a scheme of gradual di- minution as repects cern, But Lord John’s pro posal, chiefly trom revenue considerations, is considered the best as regards sugar. , It is probable, however, that free-traders will not have much ume left to discuss these smaller points of degree—as to the precise day Dan tection shall cease, or as to the exact point from which the descending scale shall start. They will, to all appearance, be immediately ergaged in the more important discussion of free trade or protection to the colonies on the broadest grounds, and of the admission or continued proscription of the sugar of Brazil and the Spanish colonies. The protectieni aided by those who have strong objections to the introduction of slave- labor sugar, will form a more 2 aiyteel st party than has yet combined to eppose trade. But Lord John Russell showed by calculations that not only the interests of the consumer, bat also those of the exchequer, demand an immedi- ate extension of the fieid of our supply of sugar. The noble lord compated the stock in this coun- try, at this time available for British consump- tion, at 40,000 tons. His lordship quoted different estimates of the supplies of colopial sugar for the following years. are as follows ‘Fae Anti- 4 et 115,000 110,000 = 40,000 000 - 70,000 70,000 - Totals. ...... .250,000_ 225 000 225,000 230,000 From these various estiraates Lord John adopts the intermediate quantity of 230,000 tons, which, it is assumed, will prove nearly accura’ But while Lord John Russell calls upon the co- lonists to abandon protection, he is desirous at the same time to remove from them every restriction of which they can justly ng age ‘Lhe limita- tions interposed by law upon the supply of labor, respecting which there has been so much com- plaint, have been, and are now atill further to be, ther removed or modified. Hus lordship pro- Poses to legalize contracts made with African im- migrants, prior to their embarkation, for a period of one year from their arrival in the colony. The to Mee rum is to be reduced from 93 4d per gallon to 8s 10d. All restrictive duties whatever, imposed in the colonies for the benefit of Briish manufactures or British produce,are to be repeal- ed. The colonies are to have the benefit of free intercourse, in order that they may supply their wants in thecheapest market Tux New Corn Laws.—The principle upon which the corn laws have been settled is ascale of duties ranging from 4s to 10s the quarter, to re- main for three years, and then at ene time be en- tirely abolished. For reasons which we have al- sendy stated, it is obviously desirable that to whatever rate the present amount of protective duty on sugar is reduced, the equalization be- tween that rate andthe duty on colonial sugar should take place by a gradual reduction. This difference between sugar and corn, therefore, ex- ists: in the case of corn, the whole protection conceded for the period of three Phe is retained to the last day, without any reduction. In the case of sugar, the interests of the revenue de- mand thata reduction of the amount first fixed shali take place in each year; that it shall be eased down by annual reductions, so as to afford facilities for admission every year of the greater quantities of foreign sugar which ourlower duties would tempt to our ports. The farmer is to have his entire protection for three years; the planter is to part with a portion of his at the end of the first ge another tion at the end of the so- cond, and soon. Ii, therefore, it shal appear, from revenue considerations, that an extension of the time from three years, in the case of corn, to four or five years in the case of sugar, that the exchequer would rather be benefitted than oth- erwise by such an extension, we are quite wil- ling to admit that the larger period thus afforded to the planter may be justified by the considera- tion, that though he has a longer time for the last instalments of his protection,he has a shorter one for the first and second. The distin wiil ap- pear plain if we arrange the plans in a tabular torm. Supposing the duty on fereign sugur to be fixed now at ‘Ws. and to go off in tour or tive years, then the following would fairly represent the actual duties during he pariod — Protective Sugar duties, Am't | Sugar dutice Amt Corn dut’es to be of to ‘4 of Tpeags Priten” am Pr . for. fom. Col. For. if is Per gr. Berar. Per qr) figures, it will be seen that while ihe whole duty remains on corn for the three years, that part is reduced from sugar at the end od each year; and that after the time when the protection ‘on corn entirely ceases, that which tor one year te the one eae) for two zou ie the — case, will remain on sug, wi extreme! small; which, as far as the interests of the ps sumer are concerned, would be amply compen- sated by the reductions made in the second, Gad third yous, wits the Games en. corn are sta- tionary. Having due reference, therefore, to the * | 800,000 a. different character of the two articles, we would regard a settlement of the sugar duties, on either of these scales, as equivalent to the terms granted in the case of corn.—Economist. Invian Corn.—The reported failure of the po- tato crop in Ireland has again preduced a great dem: for this cheap and nutritious grain. | uantities were sold in Liverpool lately ata slight advance in price. It is still, however, Se caer article of food that can be pur- | ce! + Ireland. The new government have now nearly com- leted their appointments in this country. The ‘aw officers, as enumerated in our paper of the 19th, have entered upon their duties. The death of Mr. , Master in Chancery, has resulted in the promotion of Mr. Hatchell, Q.C. This learned gentleman is well spoken of by all y ‘The schism alluded to in our last still appears to prevail anong He members of the Repeal As- sociation. The Young Ireland party, who are more enthusiastic as to the attaining of Repeal, are at loggerheads with the views propounded by the Liberator and the great majority of the asso- eiation. Smith O’Brien has espoused the cause of the former, and, in fact, declared against the Liberator. Ata monster tea meeting, held at Kil- rush a few days ago,the hon. member. for Limerick referred to the all-absorbing topic of Mr. Sheil’s election. He (Mr. O’Brien) deeply regretted the result of two elections lately—namely, wngarvan and Roscommon. The O’Conor Don, though a Repeater, is not a member of the association.— However, his teing known te entertain such sen- timents, though not joining them as he ought, and strong family ties connected with the county which he represents, he being the descendant ofan Irish king, are not very weak reasons for their acquies- cing in hisreturn. (Hear.) But when he turned to Dungarvan, he regretted that such a state of things existed there. (Hear, Bent) He confes- sed 4 felt disappointed at the people of Dangar- van, at how they acted, though having a majority of Repealers. (Hear, hear.) Mr. Sheil has splen- did abilities, it was true,but those abilities are not put forward on behalf of repeal. (Hear.) He re- gretted Dungarvan the more, as he confessed he could not see how it would be right to turn outsuch men as Sergeant Murphy, Ser. Stock, Mr. Wyse, and Redington,and pass by Mr. Sheil. (Hear, he He could not understand such a policy, was up to this unable to conceive what it meant. If Dungarvan had been contested and carried, he had no hesitation in saying it would as important to the repeal cause as the Clare ctiou in 1828 was to the cause of Catholic emancipation. (Hear, and cheers.) If the re- al constituencies continue thus to act, as at ungarvan, it will be quite destructive to: the repeal cause. He felt it incumbent on him to g've expression to those sentiments, even at the risk of displeasure in some quarter.” Mr. Chas. O'Connell, a r ive of Mr. O'Connell, alluded to the subject in a subs+quent part of the evening, aud snappisbly alluded to the attempts of the “three gentlemen who came from the Native ot fice to attack”? Mr. O’Conneil. Whereupon Mr O’Brien defende. the persons attacked, and the matter seepps with the appearance of much good feeling between the different parties. France. One of the chief topics which now engage the attention of the pres is the result of the forth- coming elections. The opposition seem confident of a mpjority in the capital, and the same pros- pects exist in ali the large cities; at Rouen, at Bordeaux, at Toulouse, at Marseilles, at Lille, and, perhaps, even at Lyons, where the Pres- ident of the Chamber, “M. Souzet, has re- gained his chance of being returned. But the , ministry will have the advantages in ali the smaller towns, where knowledge is less diffused, political opinion less active, and the electors {ess numerous. The government are busy in making a fresh promotion of func- tionaries from Lage pee deputies prior to the commencement of the new elections. The latest accounts from Paris would lead us to the conclu- sion that the Opposition has no chance ot impro- ving its position. ) "The Minister of War has received from Mar- shal Bugeaud a letter, dated Constantina, the 4th, which he had received from General Bedeau.— The General gives a very satisfactory account of the state of the pevineene informs the Marshal that, whilst the Duke d’Aumale was at Constanti- na, Arab chiefs and deputations, amounting in number to 2000, waited upon him tc express the intention of the tribes to submit to France. The Moniteur publishes a r ordinance ele- vating to the di pe Peers of France, Messrs. Barbet, ornadet, moncel,Gravier, Hamé, La: fond, Legentil, Magnoncourt, Maleville, Renou- ard, Reynard, So shenburgh, Vigier, and Was- temburg, former deputies ; Generals Deponthoa, Hautpoul, Jamin, Hapatel, and Trezel; Messrs. Lagrenee and Piscatory, Ministers Plenipotenti- ary ; and Messrs. Flourens, Poinsot, and Trop- long, members of the Institute. The Psyche French frigate will leave Brest shortly for the Gulf of Mexico, to convey thither the new French plenipotentiary. The quantity of tobacco sold in France, under the royal monopoly, in ay was 17) veg of kilogrammes, lucing millions of francs (about £4,458,900 sterling). Tue Harvest in France.—Our private letters express surprise at the height to which prices are kept up in the various markets in France. ‘From every quarter,” say these letters, “we hear of the admirable quality and of the more than ordi- nary produce of the corn crops of this year. In a week from the present day the entire of the harvest south of Paris (with the exception of oats in some districts,) will have been cut, saved and housed. In Picardy and in Normandy the rye and barley are all safe, and much of the wheat in pro- gress of reaping. The potatoes will also turn out well. ie Vintage promises to be the finest since 181], exceeding in quantity that of 1834.” Exgctiongzerina Tactics 1n Franck.—During the preparations for the impendi: meral elec- tion in France, the papers teem with all sorts of anecdotes respecting the manwuvres of the would- be deputies to obtain the “ most sweet voices” of the various constituencies... The following is not the least curieus :—‘‘ As soon as the Chambers were dissolved, M. Behie hastened down to the town of which he was the representative. On his arrival, it being fee day, he found the greater part of the citizens at church; thither he too repaired, and ascending into the organ loft, induced the old organist to give up his place foratime. Under his agile fingers, the antiquated instrument be- came endowed :with a degree of marmooy un- known to it for half a century; the old airs hand- ed down through three or four generations were replaced by the Stabat Mater and Der Freischntz. The con; tion were astonished, and the cure, wondering at the mysterious event, ascended into the organ loft, and thanked,the candidate for his display. After mass the electors were assembled at the cure’s to dine with the extempore organist. At dessert the election was brought on the carpet, but here M. Behie’s success was far frem bei as complete as on the organ. ‘If you will stan for the situation of orgainst,’ said one of the guests, ‘you shall have my vote ; but as for being deputy, at is quite another matter.’ ”” Frencn Coat Minas.—The report of the engi- neer appointed by the administration of roads and bridges in France, states that that country is in the third rank as regards the production of coal —England and Belgium being the. first and se- cond The production of England annually is 23,500,000 cons; of Belgium, 4,500,000; of France, 3,783,300; and ot the Zollverein, 3,000,000 tons.— rance contains 425 coal mines, on a surface of about 450,000 hectares: of these 173 are not worked. These mines employed in 1844 nearly 30.000 laborers. The amount of coal raised being insuiticient for the consumption of the kingdom: about 1,600,000 tons are imported from England and Beigium., The number of steain engines ot all sorts employed in France in 1844 was 4,319, of 62,950 horse power, about 1-12th of the force em- Ployed in England. The quantity of iron con- sumed in the sam> year, was, in France 480,000 tons—tour times that used in Belgium, which was 120,000 tons, but ot one-third of the English consumption, which was 1,200,000 tons; the amount coasumed by the Zoliverein in 1844 tons. being i ' Letters from Rome of ith inst., state that the decree of amnesty was ready, and would shortly be published. The Pope had authorized the opening of a railroad communicstion between the Mediterranean aud the Adriatic. On the 6th His Holiness gave permission to survey the coun- tion of the latter, because of his supposed attach- ment to Austria, but those who knew the Prince described him as perfectly independent, and de- clared that, if the Pope seriously desired the inter- ests of the Church, and the emancipation of the Roman government from all foreign influence, he could not make a better ehoice. His Holiness had granted, some days before, a private audience to Don Miguel, who, laboring under great dis- tress, entreated the continuation of the pension of 3,000 scudis, which the late Pope allowed him out of his own private purse. | a The Concordat between tone and ge hn been agreed upon, and its definitive conclusi only fo te the foe et by the Spanish Cortes of the bill submitted to them by M. Mon, for the dotation of the clergy. Spain. The Queen’s marriage still attracts great atten tion. The Heraldo contains an_ article in favor o marriage between Queen Isabella and a Span- ish liberal Prince. (DonHenry,the Queen’s cousin, is meant of course.) Our readers will remember that the Heraldo was for a long time the zealous advocate of a marriage with Count de Trapa: and as it is still the organ of General Narvaez, it may fairly be presumed that Narvaez himself has become—probably out of spite to Queen Christi- na—the partisan of Don Henry. The article is said to have produced much sen- sation at the British Embassy, and Mr. Bulwer was reported to have obtained from its editor a pledge that he would desist from further attacks on his “ favorite can! ” The Esperanza and Pensamiento de la warmly advocated the pretensions of the Caant de Montemolin (the son of Don Carlos,) declaring that “bis union with the Queen would at once settle the dynastic ques- tion, satisfy the northern powers, and eifsct @ re- conciliation amongst all parties.” Mr. Bulwer had at first resolved not to be pre- sent at the banquet given by the Queen at the Ca- sino, and that he alleged as an excuse of lameness, which confined him to his apartments. Her Ma- jesty, however, having most graciously informed. im that orders would be issued to admit his car- ringe into the very gardens of the royal residence, the British Minister consented to repair to the Ca- sino, and his convalescence was so rapid that in the course of the evening he was able to dance with the Queen. This diplomatic indisposition, so promptly cured, greatly amused the company. We observe in the Madrid pares the appoint- ment of a brother of the Duke de Riangores to the post of Minister of Spain at Venezuela. The government has promulgated a royal de- cree, dated July 10th, ordering a board of statistics to be formed under the inspection of the Minister of the Finance Office. Anether has also been publihed, by which the boards of indirect taxes and of the government monopolies are consoli- dated. The court martial formed at Lugo, to t the members of the late og soap Lagi there, have condemned them all to the penalty of death. The Queen gives another banner’ at the Casino on the 24th of this month, in celebration of her mo- ther’s birch day. Ic is evident, therefore, that the court does not contemplate leaying Madrid so soon as was expected. By Madrid p»pers, of the 16th instant, we find that the star of en Enrique is_at present in the ascendant, and the frends of Don Francisco de Paula are abont to establish a journal, conducted on moderate Progressista principles, for the plir- pose of advocating his claims. Kumors prevailed at Madrid that the Basque provinces were in # disturbed state, but the repert was not credited. Portugal. _ z The report which had been circulated by inte- rested parties, asto the withdrawal of the pro- tection afforded by the English men-of war in the Tagus and the Douro, has been contradicted. No British vessels will be withdrawn from _ those sta- tions, unless the British minister at Lisbon deems 4 The Pores i ts made their entry on e Portuguese emigrants mi the 11th into the capital, on which occasion the Septembrist party made a great display of their forces. Some seditious cries were even heard. The Patriota, a journal opposed to the present ministry, says that the country is in a depiorable state; and that a fresh revolution is inevitable, un- t chi $ its course of pro- coeding Bt. Fonsocn : Magalhaes, who has suc- ceeded in escaping from Coimbra, arrived at Lis- bon on the 9th. The movement at Coimbra has, it is said, been succeeded by another at Santarem, the junta of which would not dissolve itself. At Coimbra the inhabitants of the country round had armed themselves for the defencé of the town, in case the government should act against them. While the Radical party triumphs at Co- imbra, the Miguelist party every day acquires fresh strength in ye and in the Al ree | and a serious collision between the people and the troops isanticipated. At Elvas the corps in gar- rison do not seek to conceal their discontent; and the government, fearing a fresh pronunciamento, had ordered General Celestino to that place. Denmark. His Majesty the King of Denmark hasat last settled the agitation which has so long prevailed on the subject of the succession. He declares that the rights of the crown over the Duchy of Lunenbourg are incontestible. As to the Sleswig doubt is no longer possible, and the Sey ge forward in proof the act of August 22, i e uane iven by England and France on June 4 and 23, 121 andthe treaties concluded with Russia on April 22, 1767, and June 1, 1778. The Ki ae from being so explicit on the subject of stein. ~ Germany. m Great excitement prevailed at the Berlin Bourse, owing to the resignation of M. Flottwell, Minister of Finance. His resignation is attribu- ted to a difference of opinion among his col- leagues on the organization of different branches of the financial department. The King request- ed him toremain in until his successor was appointed ; hissuccessor is not named. tis sta- ted that @ convention on international copyright similar to that concluded between Prussia an England, is being negotiated between France and Prussia. M. De Bodelschuingh has been confirmed, defi- nitely, in the office of Minister of the Interior, the duties of which he has performed for the last two years. The Nuremburg correspondent, under the head. of Berlin, 12th imetaat, states that the brother of M. Meyendorff was about to proceed to Paris, to negotiate a treaty of commerce between France and Russia. The Papal government, it was be- | i was about to send a nuncio to the court of russia. Russia. . 2 The St. Petersburgh Gazette publishes advices from the Caucasus up to the 10th June. Schamyl, in no wise daunted by his late failure in Kabardia, had assembled new troops on the Sounja. On the 24th May a gallani action took place between 82 Cossacks, commanded by seven officers and Colonel Sousloft. They were surrounded by 1,500 mountaineers, and had the option of dishonorable flight or an honorable death. The Cossacks alighted from their steeds, stabbed them, end forined themselves a rampart with the carcases. They repulsed numerous charges of the infuriated mountaineers, keeping up a murderous fire. This unequal contest lasted for two hours, and some Russian troops oame up just as their am- munition was failing them, and they had deter mined on selling their lives dearly with their dag- rs. Three days later a considerable body of Gironssions, with two pieces of casiepeaabtadkcd the 8th battalion of the Daghestan regiment wh marching from the fort of Kavak-Kitchon to Te- mir Khan Choura, but they were driven beck, with loss, beyond the Sounja. Different other attacks of the mountaineers were made at vari- ous points, but with no effect. Russia is desirous toestablish at Kiakhta, on the frontier of Chinese Tartary, a considerable depot of merchandise, from which the Chinese may at all times draw the supplies they want; and hopes to obtain from the celestial government a treaty of commerce, securing to her the free admission, through that part of the frontier,of allRussian mer- ehandise, and moreover the mon of certain articles which the English and Americans were beginning to import. Greece. The Greek government had discovered a con- spiracy, in which were implicated several well- known agents to the opposition, who —, lately engaged in organizing bands on ‘urk- ish terriioey for the eerie, ot Greece. The ac- counts of the disasters caused by the recent earth- quake in Messina, were truly appalling. Ww, which the road is to traverse between Civ.ta ‘eochia and Rome, and between Rome and An- cona. Another railway line Lee advantage- ous to the Pontifical dominions, and the legations the Pap Believed to have the Papal sanction. Austria w: ie to have ele t the elevation of Cardinal Gizzi to the ‘Under-Secretary of State for Forei Afiai abd (o have proposed for that office Se Altieri, former Nuncio of the Holy See at Vignna. Count Rossi, on his side, combatted the nomina- Turkey. The long tending dispu'e between Turkey and Persia bas at last been finally settled. Mohamra, on the Persian Gull, is restored to and the — of Soolimanich is to be i by Tur- ey. Egypt. Mehem i, contrary to the’ } expecta- tion, embarked for Const ison the 4th, in the Turkish steamer Esse; . The Vioersy ‘was accompanied by his son-in-law, Kamil Pa-