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————=—e NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 25, 18.46. Price Pwe Cents, JAMES GORDON BENNETT, Proprietor. Cireulation...Forty Thousand. DAILY HERALD—Every day. Friee 2 cents per copy OPER Hal eccrs Saturlay—Price 6X comt ED PCRTISEMUNES ar aie alesl pricas-suiweys ash PRINTING of all kinds executed with beauty and dee mast oe or the ‘aimeripelon y remi EstavieHMery nod Nassau treeta MALL LINE FOR BOSTON. t Di : - ROAD, VIA Pe NA ae ” Sonus Retry ming. from foot of Whitehall ny © are in ness to ive for New Indie, Norvien om Wee Baa baited LUNG ISLAND AUD COMPANY. ComnZBAINS RUN A8 FOLLOWS, Leave New York= ci ol : iy, e path oclock, P. M., oF ‘the from Norwich, re arcana ents at Bt. * # » § Accommodation ‘Train, louday seaday Fridays. Letve Farmingdale For Brooklyn st65C oclock, A Di. and hE. M., daily, Sundae Law oe Leave J re. Vy lock, A. Mead Fe Deltelt ei ies, Rare Sir Soe teat Cee BG BOS1ON STE, ERS. HALIFAX AND LIVERPOOL. wate seen Pook North Ameri an Steam et Ship CAM H. E. Ja Com all Toa for the above ports as CAMBRIA, C. H-E. Judkins, eee One cies ut VC. HE. Ja ron ; eee bier ty i Passage to Liverpool $120 For frei oF Passage, bg BRIGHAM, Jr. 4 EN & CO.’ FoR BRIA, C. Bos- At HAI 6 Wa at No Berth secured until maid fore fine PRARTS ON REAT BRITAIN AND L AN D.—Persons wishing to re- for amo le at sight, the threarhout ‘Eng final Tsien Beale ad Wales. F, ,) will meet prompt attention; y Hatters (Dost Paty) wi te ok, TAPBCO’ fath 75 Bout . ia. cor. Maiden Lane. NOTICE—STATEN {8 -AND FERRY On Wedneedag, Jan. Gh, the trips on this Ferry will be asfollows.— teu Telex gl BE OG FM York—9, INA. M i337. M. F336 Bundaya tha boat will fave ‘at il o'clock, intend | i i —They i ri at ship GAR \% Capt. B. JH, ‘Trask, will sail on Thurs: | onary ss t Temalar day. ot ily lise being ai 200 ons and upwards, per a to embark for the Ceemey ae fail to see the to be derived. from selecting oc as their freer capacty renders thee e way more comfortable and } Seeettnn serbian es ace | Stoes for eal e ern, ie de ; i inows. a superior. Pervons wishing fo secure berihe make oatly aprlige oN eMURRAY, > Te 100 Pine street. corner of South. het t15t tone, Capt 4. B. Lowrber, wali sail hy be yw ber, wi me Marche ti ws well kuowa that ‘Cele bar ‘2d March. itively. sccom 'M mtezuma ase fitted ent in a most superb and ~ @n Monday, the ‘@od stions of the! ng |, €0stly manner, with every modern improvement and conveai- \ yma wea but to the rc of those embarking. oe Visiting the old country, or sendig for their fri-nds, abould call and see this spleadid specimen of naval architec- ture. before eugeging elsewhere. Cees re in cabin, second and teatens, early aplication should ve made on board, foot of Beekman street, rie ine bscriber: ‘ROCHE, BROTHERS & CO | fie 35 Falton street, (nex: door to the Fulton Bank.) NEW LINE OF PACKETS BOK LIVER. Packet of 36th of February. The sp'endid, | ion qi Ty GARBICR 106 | spain B. |. Trask, will sail on Thursday, ' . jar day. this I al! 1000 tous and upwards, per- pss bat oraberh for the fONd Consens etl so fal Go toe i“ ea to be derived from selectig this lize in prefer- @@ce to any Other, as their great Tr ra thes i" \ tore comfortable and conventest | raod their accommodations for cabin, second | Steerage passengers, it is well kuow! or | + SBbatdinte tat to dks Surhy epystent the foot all street, oF to y Peet PAPSCOTT, | “Ai their e, 75 Bouth atieet, ir corner of Maiden lane. viet NEW ORLEANS. — Lousiana and New ine.— Regular. to sail Monday, The clesaat, feat aniliog packer aktp SAIC rut ie Engh et peosegs, envoy temdeomne forystoed ‘egcommodat igus, apply on bowrd, at Orleans wharf, fost of w allstivets OF 19 x COLLINS & CO, 56 South street U7 Fositively ng" goods received on board afteriSaterd 30th ina Agent in New Orleans, JAS. WOUD- 3 mo. wall prom forward all goods to his adj macket bark G#) Minott, master, will su@feed the Sertello, and sail Monday, Sth March, her regular day. f18 rn Rr ‘New Line—Requiat iocbet shun Hot ime any. burt » ra jendey, oe ee oe pay renee a hay ng of passage $100. a serene ert ing a] ‘South street.’ 1200 Capt. John Eldridge, and sail on die alot of Apras” § street, or to 8 & CO.. 56 ith street. minute, Rea eteesz, a Ty wery y' for passengers are very extea- FK: COLLING & CO . $6 Bouth wt T ling British ‘cargo rc. peer Roi te The A. Britioh park + Capt. Robt. Bent, wil sing ASK A, Cape will sll ga the iat ; bs 103. rile orto feir 9 Toative Busldings, No. 68 Wallstreet ABLISHED EMi- beer Fee eat eee Tee Dealt, £40, se-aanal, be furnished, payable throughout the fair rw MAN Paced 61 South st. one ba ‘and copper tray - fiag communi | parson wishing to purchase, will be 10 communications, by mail, addressed to ot aid, the postage be| ‘ate on the Passa: , belonging to Abrahi m extensively Ww: 3 TO LET, THE EAGLE HOTEL IN THE ILLAGE OF PEEKSKILL. THE in Hotel ava iat of May nese, Phe the for & term of years, lay next. and has been for several fious, pleasant, well located, well kep table to the proprietor. tie house, and ‘will be let low to. | rs0n to keep the same, if applied for soon—or to any. po ae FURNISHED, on the first floor, with breakfast, if regu cen exchanged. No 44 Warren street. THE HOUSE An D LOK? No. 78 Du street, fhe ieakly the tears ovon'thaes saotion Bich week Fy je mantels. Access tg, the stable on the rear of the premies. Gom im Neen wJ.C. er particulars, app! jassau Lik 2 ee Ht on For street. lw*r THE large and ice? Dwelling H the at Re are ee NOT!CE. DWELLING HOUSES, STORE: fer sale, rent or exchange. I, ten to fiftee: y ond and Morten Rijand Poliion of lnsuranee Obtain! irom ‘most responsible companies in 4 Avenue, see oO TOHIN ALLEN, B.—Plans, elevations, yw) | and oontrents ‘ter , faruished hore or at No. 6 Broad street, att est notices. GALVIN POLLARD. £10 Im*re Architect. FOR SALE, OR TO LEC, on the most reasonable terms, three two-story Dwelling Houses, in North Sixth, tel Seventh streets, Williams- 1. ‘Two ofthe above are new, and intended as genteel whonserina ged ain wates, it tee, Rockenrted cock resis a Tront, he-” Two-thirds, of the bu mons i ceured, at 6 per cent. “Enquire oa the £13 Im*rre QUARRY FOR KE, OR TO LEASE—Sita- ‘North Belleville, former! ' Stables, in the village of Peeks- | aoe fa Avorahty knows ro she | Aspect of Affairs in ears, a8 4 comm | NCH. | o lormstion, a | praimines in Feekaiill cr teat Wau Cieter | | Piette lwere APARTMENTS TO LE’ ‘European Correspondence of the N, Y. Herald, | | ly connect themselves with low Laie or with low Panis, Feb. 1, 1846. Evurope—The United States— The Oregon Question—The Position of Guizot and Thiers—The New Commercial Policy of Great Britain—Freedom of Trade—Its Effect in America—Statisties of France—-Ezxtraordinary | Results— Morals of the Nation—Calamities in | Algeria—The Planes Astroa—Scientific Intelli- gence—Music and the Drama, §c. Another eventful month has passed, and a new year has begun to roll in the interminable tide of | | ame. Never was an epoch marked by more me- | morable events—events affecting not alone the well | being of the present race of men, but of unborn mil- lions—affecting, not the people of this or that patch of land, or limited by these or those shores, but pregnant with vest and durable benefits to the myri- ads of denizens of this terraqueous globe. The legislatures of the two great nations of the world have reassembled. The delegates of the Bri- tish people have been convoked in St. Stephen’s, and the representatives of France have again come — together in the PalaisBourbon. The gilded images of sovereign power have uttered trom their respec- tive thrones the speeches put into their mouths by their responsible servants—speeches characterised | by the customary hollowness of unmeaning gene- | rality. What a curious contrast with the elaborate details and weighty importance of the periodical manifesto of the great impersonation of the West- ern Republic! As must have been expected, the unqualified claim advanced by the American President to the whole territory of Oregon, and the apparent renun- ciation of eather diplomacy or arbitration upon it, has excited a lively sensation; but the part o! the m which, on this side of the Channel at least, has called forth the strongest animadver- mn, is the renunciation of all allegiance to inter- tthe beet quart beset =e national law—a sense which many impose on the fend order for wo ne Os it "of two 1 mere. bg ein it ee Cy said, that no » of wi tate paper, for a long period of time, has excited eared py te lg Poly cr Rloageont by pe ore | 90 universal and animated notice as Mr. Polk’s Ot the ea scriber, at the post office in Bolter, message. The Guizot ministry has commenced N Belleville, Feb. 19, 1946. toes Tis imac FOR SA! IN BROOKLYN, ANEW BRICK HOUSE, on the south side of York street, one hundred feet west of Bi te with lot ivan nara Ry atte h, it will belet low to «good previous to Ist years. Apply at 37 Main street, Brooklyn, rm of years. CHRISTIE'S: GALVANIC RINGS inte 4 MAGNETIC FLUID. oa are remarkable discovery comprises an entirely safe an novel application Of the mayetenions power of Galvani asa remedial agent. The Gatvanic sf with the Maonetic Fiurp, hive been used with entire EUMATISM, acute or chronic, a r ; Gout, Tie Doloreax, ‘Toot achp, Bronchitis, Ve ous oF sick Headache, Indiges- tion, Paralysis, yy, Fits, Cramp, palpitation of the Heart, Apoples of Joints, 8 ‘complaints, Lumbego, Neuralgia, nervous Tremors, dizziness of the Hea ‘Tremors,di pains im the Chest and Side, general Debility, deficieacy of nervous and physical energy, and all nervous disorders. In cases of Dyspepsia, which is simply a nervous derangement of the digestive organs, they have been found equally success- ful, ‘The Rings are of different prices, being made of all sizes. and of various ornamental patterns, and can be worn by the moat delicate female seat thie a test inconvenience. THE GALVANIC BELTS, BANDS, BRACELETS, ke. ‘Are modifications of the mvention, and are recommended in chrome cases of disease, wnere the Rings do not pos- i or Rower. They are adapted to the les, chest, or any part of the body with r y Galvatic power that ts required may thus pT nog ¥. comnts et wt a Soe sas erent sane lvanism can affect, will fail to be perm anen! relieved. Galvan CHRISTIE'S MAGNETIC FLUID is used in connection wit! ngs their modifications. his composition pronouaced by the. Fren \e- }, to be one of the most valuable discoveries of modern. .. Ie is believed to pe remarkable power of ing the nerves sensitive to Galvanic action, by this ‘concentration of the influence at the seat of eT Trt; atic SIRENGTHENING sufficient intensit ‘These articles form an important adi to the Galvanic Tatal core Igea! spgliecioa As tn thecrea! mrouns for ‘mor t Me ing the systraa when debilitated by disease or other fentive for colds, and'ws elf adiecttous o¢ the chert generally, i Ihe Gavyame Starneriaxno PLasteas will be found 0 Pablished by have been ai ‘been procured during the short ee MOORHEAD, San Buildings. Beware of Counterfeits. Jas MWa&Set ltr "We refer out readers to the THOM TiFICAT! ablished by the Doctor, inthe bun, ines Mitr, Tribene, and other papers. ‘These testimonials, hich are from the most able sourees, have em ected from several hundred of & haracter, which have the discovery has been bef ‘American public General Agent for the United States, and only Agent for the ect Newton ble 1M Falton street, Orrice on THE MERCANTILE MuTuaL Ingukance Uo. lo. 63 Wall street, ‘1845. TA MEETING of the Trustees, the office of the A , held ‘Company, on tI instant, JOSEPH WALKER was ananimously e ident, in place wis Gregory, tesigned; and Lewis Gregory was ‘9 bbe p ma wo ly the vacancy oecasioned by resignation of Joseph Th ile Marual Insui ciel wckoe ia bass as tas ibeerii notes, to ‘ds of Tw dred Thousand: Dollars have. bees received, and farther additions are daily being made to its assets. f a ‘ mi ’ culpany Javiess ‘attention to its plan 4 pasiness wabeh is believed, offers greater returns igi a4 larger re 10 ‘Thes. Acheli Levi Cook, or. Ht WALKER, President, Sectors. eas Vie "Beem 8! ICE COMPANY y a day, the following named gen- Ex.woop Watrer, Ick ¥) ATER b demanwere elacied such ee Ree eee SHICKERING’S PIANO-FORTE WAREROOMS, 293 Broadw: E, FUBLIC wil Gnd atthe aleve roomes neforal assort Tat of Grand and Square Fis Verte, at the sume price at my Faetory in x CA HASTINGS COMPOUND SYRUP OF NAPHTHA. THE TRIUMPH COMPLETE !! Ams street, aad Elliot, 198" DIVISION STREET, op- Fete Ludlow, New Yérk. Price $i a bee for 95. Philadelphia, Tuttle, 68 South 4th street im ~~ GALVANIC RINGS _ GALVANIC RINGS MAGNE FLUID. ECENTL |. celebrated both in Europe and Regenerate ous sale by the groce, at REDUCED PRices. AB.& D. SANDS; 1 Eaters bye PRICE BOOT AND SHOE STORE. roca re : 7 of the Washi: Eira Ranta De re ras wa eaee HENS i: Sr ches patie a ats arranted to give SUN bbe the session with every auspice of continued securi- ty and success; and there is every present appear- ance of its stability. The extreme left, or democra- tie y, is | ming more and more feeble, as each successive year rolls over, and the Carlists, or old Royalists, still more so. The strength of the ‘Chambers is now concentrated in the dynastic par- iy. or that which, whatever internal differences may ivide it, ee the throne of the Barracade: and maintain the principle that the prosperity ot France and the well being of Europe are identified with the etability of the dynasty of Orleans, and the maintenance of the charter. This dynastic | eho divided into two sections, led respectively by Guizot and Thiers, the latter constituting what is called the dynastic opposition. The professed difference of these parties, is that the Thiers oppo- sition desires to assimulate the practice of the gov- ernment to that of Engl |, while the present ad- ministration party, led by Guizot, contends that the French people are not yet ca) ble of being trusted with those popular rights, wi jout imminent hazard for public order. On the American question, these sections differ; the Guizot party leading towards the claims of England, while the Thiers party pro- fesses sympathy with Mr. Polk. izot insists on the maintenance of a certain balance of power in the Ludi, by checking the encroaching policy of the republic ; Thiers, on the contrary, disclaims any other equilibrium except that of the Paripea States. The one professes some fears from American ag- grandisement—the other paced contemptuously, any such apprehensions. However, the English party in the Chambers, pledged by inclination and Opinion to support the entente cordia/e, and sustained og tte overwhelming personal influence of Louis ilippe himeelf, holds the reins of power, and is hkely to continue to hold them. It is easy, there- fore, to see the probable effect of any intervention or arbitration by France, upon the disputed questions between England and the United States. In England, as you will easily collect from the public journals, there is absolutely no division of party or opinion on the Oregon question. All see- tions of the body politic are of one mind. Or if, indeed, there be any difference, it is that the feeling of the radical und popular section is more unmea- sured and intemperate in its spirit against the Unio even, than the tories themselves. eT Robert Pee! has, with less than the usual official reserve, express- ed regret that the British Minister at Washington should have rejected the last proposals of the Ame- rican Cabinet, for the settlement of Oregon, without firet transmitting them to Downing street for the consideration of the home authorities. The whig and radical journals, on the other hand, support Mr. Pakenham, and declare that such a course could have no other object but to temporise and procrasti- nate the settlement of the quesiion. It is a strange sign of the public feeling, in regard to this difference between the British and American governments, that although no one can show a way in which the difference 18 likely to be settled—although it is ad- mitted that diplomacy has exhausted all its expedi- ents upon it, and has run again and again the entire | cycle of its devices—although it is known that arbi- | tration has been again and again offered and reject- ed ; yet no one can be found who has any yracti- cal and lively faith in the imminence of war! No one will believe that either of these great countries will really entail on themselves, and the world, the calamities of such a struggle for such a cause. It is ; well be Foes! of national ee all that sort of thing ; but nations, now-a-da: 6 pretty nearl; Falstatf’s views of honor ; and’ it Hat ea an ostensible cause of war, will assuredly take care that some cause of a more substantial and material nature must lurk behind it. But the American question, and all others which aflect international Telations, are lost to the public eye by the comparatively colossal dimensions ef the vast principle which has been brought upon the theatre of public discussion by the head of the Eng- lish cabinet, urged forward by the stern fiat of the British people. To say that Sir Robert Peel has announced his determination to fulfil the behests of the Corn Law League, would be offering but a small and inadequate measure of justice to that singular man. By a series of small and, rently, incon- sequential measures, he has been for years under- mining the whole fabric of commercial policy in England ; and now he has put the match to the train, and the explosion has ensued, sending, not the corn laws only, but the entire structure of protective laws, in fragments into the air! Never was such a spectacle presented by legislative assembly as that whieh was witnessed in the House of Commons on the first night of the session. The address had scarcely been seconded, when the premier started on his feet trom the restless bench where he had been waiting, in a state of nervous and impatient excitement, and, with the smallest conceivable amount of preliminary matter, unfolded to his asto- nished auditory the details of the projected com- mercial revolution which he is prepared to carry out. The extent and details of his project, nay, even its general nature and tendency, had been sedulously kept secret, not only most favored apechie of the py ang 83, but even from the members themselves of the government, save and except the individuals fea nit cl Ggted ten i deaugns at the eleventh heur.. Imagine Sir Kober: speaking from the ministerial be: surround- ed by his colleagues and the numerous members of the conservative party, and facing the w! the radicals, a the league ead the leh neambere fe opponents. nods, the ute tion ; conceive him deaouncing the corn as an obsolete error, which he retracted pented ; and, as sentence out after sentence, imagine the acclamations, the “ Hear, hear!” of his opponents, the whi enthusiastic cheers of his opponents, the league, led by Cobden and Bright—and the exultations of his opponents, the cals ee ee 5 ind “sip ie at the same time, Sir Tt’s colleagues supporters preserving, in the midst of this wild eathsiasm, the most profound and ominous silence—wonder, confusion, consternation, and dismay, struggling for expression in their countenances! Never was such a spe . A looker-on, unacquainted with the machinery of political parties, would have said tnat Sir Robert had mistaken his place, and sat down at the ng side of the House, assuming & position in the midst of his opponents, and oppo- | site to his friends. ean importance of the change in the commer- | ial we 1 fects empi which is thus abeut to be consummated, be most inadequately estimated, were its ef- its consequenees limited to the British ring aad tmnding people have discovered, by ve discovere: native industry, Protectng, they im- they admit it as | icy of the greatest oemmercial people in the | Proposed 2h | son air ; that unlimited importations do not necessari- wages; that healthy native industry flourishes best without legislative cae or protection ; that it is self- | fostered and self-invigorated ; that it grows in its own native and natural soil and atmosphere, but cannot be forced by any artificial expedients of hot-bed legislation ;—these are truths ;—these are principles certainly not new, economists having mulged them for halt a century back. But they have hitherto existed only as barren theories, on reasoning ‘was abstract, however plausi- ble; as spec of clever and acute men, and rofound thinkers; but still, as speculations only. Lg ag ee first time, offered to the wo Me as the results of enlarged experience ; as practic: facts—and by whom ‘oflered ? By the nation b which they were longest and most bitterly oeathe 4 y the people, who, from their pre-eminent extent of commerce, have at once the means of ascer- taining the truth, and the deepest interest in acting upon it. Sueh novel 1 if 80 pro- mulged, cannot, and will not fail to luce on other enlightened nations, a profound impression. Can any one believe it nie that France can long, in the faee of such fac Id her protective and prohibitory laws? And when Franoe gives way, as she reer bas it cannot be loug before the oth- er states of Europe will follow. i _ Among the facts which have been brought tolight in these discussions, there are some so remarkable, and however consistent with the theories of econo- mists, so surprising and unexpected, that they will be contemplated with much interest among your era. That large peporeatinn of foreign articles do not necessarily reduce the price ot domestic articles of the same class, is doubtless a conclusion whieh will startle many. Hut what will be said if it be seriously maiatained that, in many; if not in all instead of being attended with a re- wed by an augmentation of the ol produced article? Yet here are established on the most incontestible evidence. The janport duty on flax was gradually reduced in pee and was at length altogether abolished in . The following were the prices during the progress of reduction, the original amount of the duty being £10 Ma. 6d. :-— ear. _ Thus the price was highest when the duty was en- tirely removed! Z The duty on the importation of foreign cattle was abolished last year, by which it was universally ex- pected that, the market being inundated with foreign meat, the price would fall so low as to ruin the gra- ziers. We here subjoin the quantities imported, and the contract prices of meat supplied for the navy before and after the reduction :— Head of Contract Contract Ozenim- price of price of na- Year. ported. navy beef. vy pork. Before the abolition of duty........ 1844 2,800 £8 188 2d £3 168 10d After the abolition. 1845 15,000 6 8 8 612 00 Thus it eppears that while the quantity imported was sextupled, the market priee was nearly doubled! in like manner, the duties on foreign wool were reduced, and yet the price of home wool gradually | rose, simultaneously with the reduced duty, and the increased importation :— Pounds of Woot Price per Ib. Year. imported. of home Wool. 45,880,000 jd 67,079,000 Mi 65,216,000 16ja Take one more example, still more remarkable, in the instance of the importation of foreign lard:— Price of home Cwt. ireerhe rg Lard per cwt. 4 sin Qs 48s 1845. 89, - 67s 1846 (January). . 62s if we might venture to generalise these and many other similar results, it would follow that the best way to stimalate domestic industy, would be to open the ports freely to foreign commerce. 2 ‘These remarkable facts are well worth the serious attention of Americans who take an active part in the discussion of the tariff question It were well to reflect whether any mere protective duties can do real benefit to the New England manufacturer, while it cannot be for a moment doubted that they must have a detrimental effect on all classes of do- meatic consumers ; and this evil will be aggravated by every measure by which restrictive duties in fritet or other parts of Europe, are removed. It would be a mreage spectacle to behold the old conservative monarchical states of the world eman- cipating themeelves from the trammels of tradition- al errors, and letting in the light of truth and know- ledge upon the darkness which has for ages enve- loped them, and, at the same time, to behold the young democracy of the West clinging pertina- ciously to ancient error, and closing every inlet against the light of truth. Your “ Paris correspondent” will, perhaps, be ex- cused tor a little exultation in the results of his ratio- cinations on this subject. It is now several months since your merchants and capitalists were warned by us of the coming repeal of the corn laws. That warning was full, explicit and confident, and it pre- ceded considerably the memorable announcement in the ‘* Times” of the 4th December. In truth, we had good grounds for our assurances transmitted to you—grouads which left no doubt that, by whatever party it might be consummated, a great and radical change was at hand. And what _ has been the re- sult? Has our prediction outstripped the event? On the contrary, more, vastly more, than we anti- cipated 18 likely to be realized. “The abolition of the corn laws is but a small item in the grand total of good which is promised to the people of Eng- Jand, and ultimately to the world. Nothing less is at hand than universal freedom of commerce. You will have seen, by the English journals, the details of the magnificent demolition of the system posed by Sir Robert Peel. revolution, and a noble ex- of protective duties tinple of the bold eppl f ample of the application of the true princi of political Aicoheig Divested of a oerfala rig complexity and contrivance which the a presents at the first view, its practical effect will bea fixed duty on corn of 48. a quarter, for three years, at the expiration of which time the trade will be free. The bees of corn, tor the last two months, has been about 56s. The fixed duty of 4s. begins at 533. It is probable, judging by present appearances, that the averages for next three years will not fall below If this prove to be so, the new plan will resolve itselt into a fixed duty of 4s. But let us suppose the price to fall—what is the limit, the range of the new sliding scale? When the average mar- ket price of wheat is below 493., there is a fixed duty of 10s., and when it is above 52s., there isa fixed duty of 4s. Between these narrow limits, the duty varies shilling for shilling with the price of corn. the sop—the crust—flung to the land- ed interest, and this for only three pei to stop their mouths. If they had a particle ef manhood in them, they would reject, with contempt, the beggar- vl offering, and surrender themselves at once to the - which awaits them on the Ist of February, But you will ask what will be the fate of this ex- raordianty measure in Parliament? Will the Com- mons, who made Peel minister, as the great defend- er and protector of the landed interests, passit? Will it? Thatit willpassis certain. But by what course or series of political operations is not so clear. It will be supported in the Commons by the whigs, the free trade party, the radicals, apart, if not all, of the Irish members, and such a fragment of the tory party as will adhere to the it cabinet. There 1s little doubt that this willtorm ap actual numerical majority. But as there will certainly be a majority of the ‘Lords ast the measure, question is, will this majority in the Commons be sufficiently — to overawethe Lords? Itmaybe. But if not, a dissolution and an | to the country, and a own of un led violence, will The American merchant can now command a market for wheat of an average quality, if he can deliver it in the English ports at or under 52s. the quarter; and probably this price may be maintained, or very nearly so, for a considerable time. The following is in substance the scale of duty for wheat, the present price being 568 Above 62s.. fixed duty of 4s. “52s, « 5s. “bh “ 6s. “60s. bed 7. ee, arias bs Bs. “(ee “ oe. Below 489 fixed duty of 10s. Subjeined 18 a tabular view of the present prices of in, the t duti duties: re ee tee he ee Present 8d 220 3d 222 104 B4e 4d 0 duty. 260 le 64 a It is evident, that for all the inferior kinds of grain, the duty will be ecarcely more than nominal. the Lords, whoee estates it will melt down, sanction | m body of perfectly ascertained facts, which throw a | striking Leth rte pn light upon the social and moral | condition of this country. The results it exhibits will | be especially remarkable, when compared with the condition of a country so young in its national exist- ence as the United States. This report has just been iseued, and I presume some notice of its more re- markable features, will be received with interest by your readers. In considering the facts reported, it | must be remembered that they are based upon evi- dence which invests them with the highest degree of certainty and accuracy. Thus, the bil marriages must be exactly known, because every physician, midwife, or other attendant at a birth, is subject to severe penalties, if they do not report it acertain public office, within twenty-four hours.— No body can be interred without a previous regis- tration of the age, sex, and cause of death of the deceased. No marriage 1s valid, if the parties do | not register their names, ages, profession, dwel- ling, &c., at a certain public bureau. In this way the most perfect and authentic statistical data are preserved. Again, as the articles of con- aumaptien; every article which entera a town, 18 as- certained as to its quality and quantity at the barrier, being usually subject to a toll called Octroi. In this way, the average quantity and quality of the food congamed by each individual, becomes known. Itappears, then, by evidence of this kind, that the number of children annually born in Paris, is in round numbers 32,000. Of this number 21,600 only are born in wedlock, the enormous proportion of o Ho being filegitimate. Thus we have the as- tounding fact, that of all the children born of the millon of in¢aviduals who inhabit Paris, one-third are illegitimate. What an extraordinary condition ot morals is indicated by this fact! But is this pe- culiar to the capital, or is the whole country equal- ly demoralized ? The u ally, in the entire kingdom, is 970,000, of which, 000 are illegitimate. Thus, taking the entire country, there are seven illegitimate children in every hundred, while in Paris alone there are thir- ty-three in every hundred. The comparative dis- solutenesa of morals in the capital isevident. In connection with this, another still more curious and singular facthas been brought to light. It appears that the relative rtion of the sexes born, is 's, deaths, and | | as much for the ‘The total number of births annu- Hi TO} fixed and arabes but is not the same among le- gitimate as among illegitimate children. It has been shown that among legitimate children there are born 94 girls for every hundred boys, while amon, he een children there are 96 girls for every hundred boys. Thus it appears, that there are a larger proportion of fe among illegiti- mates than among legitimates. What a singular and inexplicable, yet inevitable conclusion does this lead to! It follows that the performance of the ce- remony of marriage, must have a tendency to in- crease the proportion of male children in the world. Present this bone to your physiolgists and moralists to pick. The result is not casual, for it uniformly follows, from the successive returns of a quarter of a century in France, and a simular proportion is found to obtain in other countries where strict sta- tistics are kept. i Ishall mention another extraordinary, but well ascertained fact, which presents a strange view of the moral and social condition ot the population of this vast city. It appears that of 27.000 deaths, which take place annually in Paris, 10,000 occur in ths hospitals, and 1,000 in the prisons and the mor} In other words, forty-one per cent of the population of Paris die either in the hospital, the prison, or by suicide. Nothing short of the most incontrovertible official documents could place a statement so awfully horrible within the limits of credibility. : Tt appears that, taking the whole at f there are upon an average, seven legitimate children for every two marriages. One-half of the children born in France die before they attain the age of twenty, Only one-third of the population live to be 45, and one fourth only attain their 65th year. About one-fourth of the children born, die before they complete their first year. Tnis frighttul amount of mortality is mainly ascribable to the ra- vage of small-pox. i i In a former letter I detailed to you the terrible atrocities of the French army committed in Africa, against the wretched native tribes, who in hundreds, men, women and children, were inhumanly suffoca- ted and baked alive in the grottos of the Dahra. A calamity has just befallen a division of the same ar- my, which appears like Divine retribution. Seven or eight hundred men have been destroyed by a snow storm, which came upon them in one of the mountain where they had pursued the flying natives. Never was suffering more heartrending than that of these unfortunate victims, who were either frozen to death or had their extremities fro- zen off. Thus frost has avenged fire. On the heels of this, the news of another calamity has arrived. A thunder storm broke over one of villages, in which a powder magazine has been stricken by lightaing, and a terrific explosion has ensued, spread- ing death and destruction to all around. Assuredly France pays dearly for the barren glory of retaining her African colony. Among the scientific news which will have reach- ed tip will be the discovery of a new planet, to be called Astroa. Those who attended the public lec- tures given by Dr. Lardner in America, will recol- lect that they were told that a variety of circumstan- ces attending the four new planete—Juno, Pallas, Ceres and Vesta—raised a strong presumption, amounting nearly to moral certainty, that these bo- dies are in fact fragments of a single planet, which has, from some cause not known, been broken ; and Dr. Lardner said, if such were really the case, it was probable that vigilant observers, with powerful telescopes, would at later periods discover other frag- ments moving round the sun, in the same region of the solar system. It will be interesting to learn that the observations already made on the new planet Astroa, fully bear out anticipation. It 1s in fact one of the same group, showing all their common characters, and is in fact another fragment of the wreck ot ashattered world. 3 : A happy observation and most adroit experiment has been recently made by Faraday, which raises a ay presumption that light is only a particular modification of electricity. You must not believe the newspaper Sopaeeanone which tell you that this magnificent generalization has been actually estab- lished. Some time must elapse, and much more intellectual labor and ingenuity must be spent upon the investigation, before that can be truly said. All that can be stated at present, with strict truth, is that curious and new experiment has been made, which proves that there is some physical relation, hitherto undiscovered, between light, electricity and mag- netism. It you take a spiral coil of copper wire, like that which is used to form a spi commonly used by bell-hangers, and send, by reflection from glass, a ray of light along its lei , 80 a8 toform, as it were, the axis of the cylindrical coil, you will find that this ray of light will be modified in a peculiar manner, whenever a current of electricity is sent slong the spinal wire. It has been long known that a rod ot soft iron, placed in the manner we have here su; d the light to be placed, is suddenly rendered magnetic by che same influence. Thus is established some analogy, the nature of which is yet to be explained, between electricity, magnetism, and light. But it is jumping rather too hastily to a con- clusion, to say that we can thus prove that light, electricity, and tiem, are only different modi- fications of the same physical agent. In the art of inlan rt, one of the most striking modifications now in 98, is the at- eric railways. The indivi who firet urged this improvement on the European public, (at least, first in any practical form,) was a Mr. Pinkus, an American gentleman, who has obtained several patents for ee in it. The method now practised on the Croydon Railway in England, and Preparing on the St. Germain’s Railway here, is substant! his, although it bears another name.— A tube, laid down between the rails, is partially ex- hausted of air, by pumps which are worked by stationary engines. A piston is in this tube, on one side of which the at admitted, by which it is thus pressed forward with a force pro- rtionable to its magnitude, and the degree of ex- yustion ; as it advances, it draws the train of car- Tiages or wi after it. Such, in general, is the principle of railway, which in Perticulat locali- ties has already superseded the locomotive engines. In the musical world nothing signally memorable has Saneccred iately. Balfe’s opera of the “ Star of Seville,” has dragged fora d scably relieved by being sleet teliev rt > nated with omer’ preces. 1 ited. the public, and added nothing. thas disappoint to the reputation of the composer of the “‘ Bohemian Girl,” and the “Maid of Artois.” {t is, in truth, not an it on, but a work “done to order,” and against time, being contracted for “to be completed” in three months. You must not pat faith in the announce- ments of the Paris press on subjects of music and the theatres. It is thoroughly corrupt. In nine cases out of ten, the which appear in it are written or paid for eo parties directly inter- “As | mentioned to you formers, Verdi's operes meni to you forme: erdi’ have been brought oul st the italien opera here ; but notwithstanding their incontestible merit as musi- ‘The admission of Indian corn, free of duty, imme- diately, isa of the measure desi; to remedy ye gh cactpemary food of tie peony DY ea son potato \ A statistical ee teat the close of each year, by the government, exhibiting a cal compositions, they have been coldly received, ce age not been rasooes fal. ‘The ‘cireumstances which they have been produced, are such as scores of these operas exclude all the artistical ce lebrities in the present opera troupe. Tams, both Nabucodonosor and Ernani, the two operas already juced, include neither Grisi, nor Persian, not lache, nor Mano. They are consequently 1n- terpreted by artiste such as Malvezzi, ni, Derwis, Brambilla, Tagliafico, who, whatever be their capabilities, have not yet risen to any high de- gree of popular favor; and the public go to the theatre gake of the artiste as tor the opera— perhaps more so. Verdi should write tor the great leading artistes of the theatres of Paris and London; and if report can be relied on, the Impresario of the Queen’s theatre bas succeeded in engaging him to do so, at a large cost, in the course of the present season. . We have been deserted by the great instrumental rte, has just started on a i south, beitig engaged to produce bis matchless per- formances at Tou louse, Lyons, Bordeaux, Montpe- lier and Marseilles. We await his return about the first days of March. His Sunebre has pro- duced a furor, and among the other pieces now most frequently demanded from his finger, i mentioned his fantasies on the operas of “Il Bar- biere,” “La Muette.” and “La Somnambuls.”— While the one great pianist | has moved South, the forth. othar J pas oceed: . Jane Tie Nes it ar, stopping, on the way, terechabitants. of’ Lille, and. other invermediate 5 ing before his departure, he accom- eee epee cantata, in’ bono? of Beetho- ven, at the house of Jules Jann, the well-known ‘tlletonist, where a party of professionale and amateurs were assembled to take leave of the great performer. = A national opera, catiiied Hungady,, bd Beely Ice tthe grant ea c) "esth, ie Clggew ly has produced the test excite- ment. It is composed by M. Erkel, on a libretto taken from the history of the fifteenth century. The composition is cmcpesay pore a Ve Lewes piece tation, and the choi magnifi- stat. The subject, that of Williaan Tell, being con- cent nected with the internal struggles of the people for their independence, is skilfully interspe: with national melodies, which render it popular, even among those who cannot appreciate its high musical retensions. i . Meyerbeer has departed for Berlin, by command of the King of Prussia, to superinted the rehearsals and mise en scenes ot — ak pear Jenny Lind has just appeared at Berlin, wi success, inthe part of Alice, in “Robert Je Diable.” This artist will not visit Paris or London so soon as was orth great di Carlotte Grisi excepted, are e great danseuses, in Tal, Taglioni, Fanny Ellsler, Adele Dumala- tre, and Cerito, are quartered among the ultra or mountain theatres. P t The ballet of “‘Diable 4 Quatre,” which I mention- ed toyou in a former letter, has had an immense run, and still continues to draw overflowing houses. ‘A candidate for fame, on the piano forte, has ar- rived here from Germany, by name Si und Goldsmith, and a young harpist of great promise, M. Kruger, from Stuu , the latter being recom- mended as harpiete in the chapel royal of the King ot Wurtemberg. 5 ‘ ¥ Nothing new, deserving of especial notice, has been produced at the Paris theatres, and every thing else at those of London has been eclipsed the unbounded success of Mies Cushman as Romeo, at the Haymarket. Althcugh a certain fastidious por- tion of the London pregs has hitherto yielded quali- fied praise to that gifted artiste, she has on this occasion, by the unequivocal character of her suc- cess, and the long run of the same performance, extorted her well merited meed of praise from all. It cannot be disputed that she is a very extraordi- woman, combining, with indomitable torce of will natural, genius of a very exalted, it not of the highest order. It is truly astonishing how F selamoed she assumes, in the present performance, all the exter- nal characters of the other sex. Many on your side of the water will say that these are more natural to her tnan her own ; but then their wonder must be con- ceded to the irresistible womanly tenderness and pathos which she throws into Mrs. Haller. is ‘at once the best Mrs. Haller, the best Lady Mac- beth, and the best Romeo cn the ft ‘The author of “London Assurance” is now here, enjoying the opened of the erin pt hase five act comedy on stocks, whi probabi; be produced ate Haymarket before the close the present scason. Varieties. Aman named Smith, was drowned in Danvers, on the 22dinst. by falling through the ice near the iron feundry. At Montpelier, Vt., the wife of Mr. Henry French 1 two the youngest committed suicide, leaving tw only six days old. te wg from shag? Savannah J net jm, os a ell, was lo1 . fog avtaen Yee Kote ease, rv lime formaton, ‘The object st his. present trip te Ale bamais to examine the fossil deposits inthe lower part of the State. ne A pedlar, named Seta wes precipitated over r Portage, w: e tril Instantly killed. His horse made a misstep end fell The Birneyites of Rhode Island have nominated for Governor Edward Harris, of Ws } amd for Lieutenant Governor, Stephen Wilcox, of Westerly. Mr. James B. Draugnon, of Sam e021 North angle, hai valet > eet ablakt of wie was 758 Ibs.; it wanted 8 days of being 2 years eld when he killed it. Thirty of the dead bodies who were drowned on board the ship John Minturn, of which our readers sre already awore were taken to West’s Turn-out, near Heightatown, onthe Camden and Amboy rallrosd, on Beer. The bodies were on sleds and under the care of friends. The proprietors of the Housatonic Railroad, in Connecticut, are about to lay anew the tracks of their road, by substituting for the plate rail, ef which it was originally constructed, a heavy Shas ee learn also from the annual report of the Railroad, thelr coplit stock, for the purpose of substitating for ir cay ‘ock, fo! the present flat rail, not only "Epon the Berkshire but upon West Stockbridge iron ined bythe Houetont ‘com lou . to bi ie eme tie setttiiceten ame. There were fifty-two deaths at Boston, last week of which nine were of consumption, 6 of scarlet fever and 4 of small pox. " : A vast and very beautiful cave has been discover- Shp, Fete tle It bas been explored to the ce fa mile. 2 We notice by our last Iilinois re, that Davis dangerous- on Fs has stabbed O. P. Rockwell, severely but not ly. Rockwell took Davis’ wife from “Spiritual System,” which he bore until he Mrs. Davis wished to returntohim. He then mde. R. a little, with his hand. : Several pickpockets have lately been arrested in Cincinnati. Hon. Bellamy Storer rec: one of them, arrested for the Trast Co, Bank ro! , es the very fellow who robbed him of $200 in a late tour East. Alvin Savage, of Madison, Maine, w! in lumbering on the Johnson i") struck by alimb on the left rer manded all of thet order of proceed to New York. —=—_————— SEES Ss COLUMBIA HOUSE, Chestnut Street. fa and 7th Streets, + D has wo Do Wier. ang (post £13 Im*rre Anes ee Tiller’ tavera, No.1 St. John’ Tks atom = tga fod Comes higher compositions these, es teyy we Tt has eo happened the