The New York Herald Newspaper, December 2, 1845, Page 1

Vol. XI., No. 332—Whole No, 4184. The Crisis Adantio. (European Correspondence of the Herald.} Paris, Nov. 1, 1845. The Famishing Condition of Europe—The Threat- | ened Starvation in Ireland—Alarm of the English | Landed Aristocracy—Supplies of Food from Ame- | riwa—The Religious Agitation in Europe—The | Fierce Denunciations of the Sects—State of France | In Affairs on the other side of the | ing these laws by a in order in coun an emergency 18 approaching, or at least is strongly apprehended, is manifest by the reluctant admis- sions and dismal forebodings of the landed proprie- tors themselves. Witness Lord Ashley’s Speech. “The destiny of the corn laws is fixed ” This and the state of Ireland, both as respects the repeal ana the Orange faction, have already pro- duced distraction 1a the councils of the crown. The stern policy of the military Duke, and the tem> porising moderation of civilian Peel, are notin har- cil. That such has received a serious shock, from the defection. of some of the most distinguished members of that stronghold of Anglican protestantism, the university of Oxtord. If a number of young enthusiasts had joined the church ot Rome, the case would have been bad enough, and we have witnessed the mortifica- tion with which the secession of individuals among the laity and clergy, withia the last eight or ten years has been viewed. But at present the case is far more serious. The seceders are not only numerous, but comprise among them some of the most profound —The Resignation of Soult—Steam Ship Great | mony. The testy and impracticable spirit of Lord theologians and distinguished churchmen now liv- Britain—Mune and the Drama, §¢., $e. As week rolls on after week, the anticipations [ | threw out in a former letter, respecting the harvest in the United Kingdom, are unhappily more and more confirmed. Every mail which arrives from | each direction brings to London the unwelcome | tidings of seanty crops. In Ireland and Scotland the potato crop presents the most gloomy prospect.— What is certain is, that it must be very short and deficient, and what seems probable is, that it will be almost lost. The situation of the Irish peasantry in such acase is hopeless, unless the government, aided by private benevolence, interfere. At best, the potato, the lowest and cheapest aliment on which the human frame can be sustained, is their habitual food. There is nothing lower to fall to, in this case of ascarcity of that root. Starvation and death become then inevitable, without some extra- ordinary interposition. It is proposed that govern- ment should suspend the corn laws, so far as regards Treiand, and admit American and other foreign grain to the ports of that country free of duty. Maize, it is suid, might be resorted to with advantage, as it | was on a former occasion. But even this tardy re- lief will be of no avail without other aid, for no im- ported produce can be bought by the poor Irish la- borer at the price at which he would have eaten his potato; and more. he has notto give. It is under- stood that this lamentable state of things has already engaged the attention of the cabinet, and that mea- sures of relief are under consideration. The evils of repeal, of agitation, or even of civil war, become insignificant, competed with the horrors which now menace Ireland. It is said that serious inconve- niences are apprehended from a:y interference with the operation of the corn duties. © This may be true, und economical statesmen may be justified in thei apprehensions, and incontrovertibly logical in their positions, but there will be an imperious necessity above and beyond their theories. The Irish must eat. They cannot wait for the end of the discus- sion, Six millions of people cannot be allowed to perish while a committee ot doctors of political economy urrive at a conclusion that the laws, which deprive them of food, ought to be suspended. Feed them first, and discuss afterwards. The terrible evil of GRIRT pele pestilence does Not even appear to be limited to the coming season. {f the crop, or a considerable portion of it, be so in- fected as to be destructive of life, shall we use this element of death as the seed for the succeeding harvest? And if not, where are the means for the wholesome continuation and propagation of this ne- cessary esculent tocome from? It has been sug- gested that new seed be sought for in those regions Whence Sir Walter Raleigh first brought the potato to Europe. But this locality is not known, and if it were, is it likely that the root is still indigenous there? The failure of the potato crop is not the only evil which menaces the Perneba of the British Isles. ‘he harvest generally has been bad and scanty.— he advices from every quarter of these countries are distressing. There seems to be no ground now tor doubting that in the necessary supply of food for athe next year, there will be a considerable deficit.— The unusual wetness and coldness of the season have no doubt been the main cause of this. Even in France,where the season has not been so untavor- | able, we had twenty-three wet days in August, and twenty-one in September. As might be expected tn such circumstances, the markets are every where rising already, and the bank is raising the rate of interest, and contracting its discounts. These cir- cumstances naturally stimulate importation into England, and thereby produce a corresponding rise in the markets of other countries. The supply of corn to the London market, from the English counties, showed no deficiency in quan tity during the first weeks of October. Within the veeks thirteen thousand quarters arrived n counties of Lincoln, Msse, Kent and Suttolk—but the quality was inferior—to remedy which, it was proposed to mix it with foreign tiour The duty on Baltic and Dantzic flour is about ne: shillings a quarter. But as prices rise, which, of course, they will, the duty will fall, and then importation on a considerable scale imay be *xpected. Before the 20th of the month, the quan- tity of corn in boad amounted to about six hundred thousand quarters. A further supply of four hundred thousand was eXpected from the Baltic before the close of the navigation, and about two hundred thaasard more from the ports of the Mediterranean, inderendently of what might arrive from the United Skates, and trom Canada. ‘Thus the amount of the entire quantity in bond may, before the close of the is Tbe ex, eee lorise to somewhere about eighteen hundred thousand quarters. Thia, however, will still be insufficient to cover the probable deficit, and accordingly much anxiety prevails not only among the manutacturing, but even among the agricultural interests. The beginning of the year must witness aconsiderable elevation ef price. The arrivals of four trom America will find the more favorable re- ception, us the corn of the last and present year has | been of inferior quality. It is contidently expected by the League, and by all others who are favorable to a relaxation of the corn laws, that out of this misfortune good may come, and that Parliament will be driven, nolens volens, next session, to some important modifica- tions of these mischievous prohibitions. Unless, however, the public distress should rouse the people to some extraordinary demonstrations, like those which preceded and produced the reform of Parlia- ment and the abolition of the borough system, it iz ee tae that any radical change will be made. The subject is a tender one with the landed aristocracy. A very large proportion of the land- holders have their properties mortgaged to the full amount of that value which they would have if the trade in corn were free, and are consequently en- joying ut present no other income except that which 18 directly derived from the restrict’ ons on the trade incorn. A complete abolition of these restrictions would reduce this class to beggary. Now, although it would not be true to say that they constitute a majority of the aristocracy, yet it is undoubtedly true that they form a considerable section of that class, and that they are connected with all that 1s powertul, influential and wealthy in it, by the ties of blood and marrjage. Those members of the aris- tocracy, therefore, who can afford to assent to the abolition of the restrictions on the importation of corn so far as concerns their own social existence, will oppose it to the death for the sake of others with whom they are intimately connected. Itis probable, nevertheless, that the impendin; distress will have the effect ot opening the British ports to colonial corn, and that importation, more we extensive, will take place in future from Ca- mada. {n the present condition of the trade in corn, such an elevation of price as will have the effect of open- ing the ports wi'l be attended with collateral incon- venience, an evil which, under a healthy system, would not exist. In consequence of no regular foreign corn trade existing, the usual system ot ex- change of the products of the manufacturing industry for that article does not exist. In the extraordinary emergency, therefore, of a sudden importation of corn irom foreign countries, it will have to be paid for in specie. This will produce a sudden drain of gold from the cellars of the bank, and the exchange will, contrary to its usual course, suddenly turn against England. Money will become scarce in London, and the reaction will quickly spread through the manufacturing industry of the country. Thus it 18 evident how close a connection exists be- tween the price of grain and the condition of the circulating medium in England, and we can under- stand the just alarm with which the moneyed interest | Me dulkt present and impending condition of the | country. — : The solicitude with which this subject is viewed in England, may be eppreciated from the circum- etance, that the commissioners have been employed to enquire and report the state of agriculture and the supplies of grain, which may be obtained at need throughout every part of Europe. Since writing the above, further advices arrive from various quarters, all tending still further to confirm the worst apprehensions as to the crops, especially in Ireland. ‘Throughout those parts of that country where that root constitutes the exclu- | | | | | }ing the months. “Next January, say some, next | ideas found easy admittance. | into its own hands, or to share ina considerable de: Stanley is not ealeulated to restore concord. By the way, Peel has been cunning enough to let this ford work himself into a comparatively subordinate position. Tlis false steps in the colonial adminis: | | tration, adroitly permitted to be pliinly discernible | by the Premier, at the very moment when the lat- | rank. They posseseed large crnoiuments, and lar: ter affected to be extending his protecting shield over the head of his noble colleague, has complete- | ly reduced this member of the cabinet to the con- dition of a mere mouthpiece of its head. It is like- | ly, however, that he will go. He 1s too wayward | and selt-willed to follow, too troublesome as a mere | retainer, and too impracticable as a subaltern, Accounts continue to arrive while I write, affording gloomy corroborationsof our worst fears. The | wheat crop is ascertained to be poor in quality and | deficient in quantity generally throughout Europe, but more especially in England. The prices in the continental markets do not encourage importation into Britain, being little inferior to those of Eng- land, and prohibition on exportation in some of the States of Europe is byno means an improbable measure. The potato failure is universal. ‘The result,” as a powerful contemporary writer strongly observes, “is acommercial phenomenon almost un- paralleled. At this moment it is impossible to au in what direction the currents of human food will ran for the ensuing twelve months,—whether from Sugland to freland or Ireland to England ; whether from Odessa to England or to Belgium: whether from England to Belgium or vice versa. Where there are so many calls the possessors are beginnin, to discover the value of their store. From one en of Europe to the other, the fortunate holders are be- ginning to hoard corn either for wealth or for sub- | sistence. There isa rising cry to open the ports, or | even to prohibit exportation. In Ireland the cala- | mity seems imminent. Sensible people are count- April say others, dire scarcity will begin her reign. ‘Tue ery has reached Downing street.” A cabinet council has already been held upon this solema sub- ject, and it is not impossible that the same steamer which brings you this letter may also bring you in- telligence of ¢ontemplated measures of which I am now unable to give you definite information. It well behoves those who are engaged in this de- partment of trade on out side of the Atlantic to gird up their loins and be doing. They may be as- | sured of an ample market here. The general agitation on peuaicns questions, which l referred to in my former letter, continues to prevail tin every part of Europe; and here this question is so intimately connected with politics, and constitutional government, that it is difficult to separate one from the other. 1 mentioned to you in my last, the collision which was manifested be- tween the municipality of Berlin and the Crown, on points relating to the Friends of Light and the Pie- tists. Asyouare so distant from the theatre ot | these operations, it may be well to explain to you | the leading questions raised in this dispute. | The body of Protestants in Europe, and | especially in the countries east of the Rhine, has, by insensible degrees, in the progress of years, re- solved itseif into two great sects or parties. The one party consists of those who embrace the spirit of Protestantism, in its full latitude, and maintain the right of private and individual judgment in mat- ters of faith and doctrine in its utmost completeness. They admit no standard of faith, except the Bible; no creed except the gospels. They hold that the interpretation of these is equally the duty and the right of every individual, Sane of any com- munity or society of individuals. The other party. protesting only ugainst the church of Rome, but acknowledging in its stead some other ecclesiastical authority, admit formularies and rules of faith, which are as obligatory on the consciences of their respective members or communicants, as the bull of the Pope, or the decrees of councils are, over the consciences of the members of the Romish church The Friends of Light, whose cause has been espous- | ed by the municipality, and the bulk of the popula- tion of the Prussian ‘capital, belong to the former | class, and push its principles to their most extreme | limit. They have adopted, successively, almost all | the schisms which have prevailed in Germany The deism of Kant, the pantheism of Schelling, and even the atheism of Hegel, have, in turn, found favor with them. They maintain that, consistently with provestantism, miracies may be demied, the existence of Christ may be denied, the immortality of the soul may be denied; for protestantism, itseli, | is nothing but a negation ! 3 : The Pietests belong to more ancienttin es. Led by Professor Mengstenberg, (who has been de nounced, by name, in the address to the King of Prussia,) they declare their creed to be rigot and literally, the Confession of Augsburg. journal, edited and written by this ardent, intoleran! and fanatical teacher, the Friends of Light are unsparingly attacked, and fiercely denounced. While the conflict of these parties was confined to the precincts of the University, the popular fwith wasundisturbed. But more recently it spread be yond those limits and involved the multitude, among whom the wildest theories an.t the most. irreligiou: a n Some time since a society was tormed in Berlin, of which the declared principle wus not to admit any of the doctrines pro- mulgated in the gospel. This community did not long survive ; but out of its ashes sprang up the so: | ciety of the Fnends of Light; whose cause is now so warmly embraced by the civic authorities and po: | pulation of Berlin. . 3 | * Behold,” says a catholic authority, ‘ the actual situation assumed by protestantism in the very fo- cua of its power ;” on the one side a party, who | abandoning the very principle of protestantism, | which is freedom of inquiry, strain to the very let- ter, the Confession ot Augsburg and other similar books; and onthe other, a party of sceptics abusing this sound principle, and hala it even to the ne- gation of the fundamental truths of christianity. Such a state of things has nothing in it consolato- ry or encouraging to the enlightened triends of pro- greas. A general religious anarchy appears immi- nent on the one hand, or a despotism of the under- standing and conscience, worse than the domination of Rome, on the other. At Berlin, the king and the government authorities are conscious of the serious nature of the crisis, yet appear unable to resist 1t.— The municipality have demanded the convocation o! a protestant council to take cognizance of those reli gious disputes, in which the king, who is the head of the national church, declines to interfere. But of what avail will be such a body in appeasing the ex. citement, when its decrees are not obligatory ? In France, the influence of the clergy of late years is very clearly on the increase. After the revolution of 1830, ecclesiastics were so unpopular that they did not appear in their usual costume in the streets, but assumed the external appearance of laymen.— Now it is quite reversed. They swarm in every quarter of the city, conspicuous by their dress and external appearance. Shops are established in every quarter, devoted especially to the sale ot images, Virgins, saviours, crucifixes, rosaries, miseals, reli- ious pictures, and other objects of a similar kind n the toy shops, the most saleable play things are nun-dolls and toy chapels. The bon-bon shops abound with sugar virgins and candy saints; and sis- ters of charity and priests in their robe, ure eaten in sweet chocolate. The congregation in the churches a few years ago consisted exclusively of fe- males and a few old men of the lower orders. Now gaily dressed ladies abound, and there isa slight sprinkling of gentlemen having some external ap- pearance of belonging to the educated classes. . In short, religion seems to have suddenly come into fashion here, at least with the female section of the community, and with such of the male part as they can influence. It is, however, a matter of fashion, and fashion only. The effects of the revo- lution on religious faith are not yet effaced. 'n connection with this, a struggle on the subject of education has arisen between the university and the church. Unlike other countries, France has but one university, the direction of which is centrally fixed nt Paris, but’ which ramifies throughort the kingdom, and under whish all. colleges and schools exercise their functions, so that the university may | be said to comprise the entire educational machi- | nery of France. This university, however, is now a lay institution—clergy may hold offices in it but | | debated and finally settled. ing. Nor has this secession taken place from any momentary impulse. It professes to spring from convictions of long growth ;+trom deep study; and itis accompanied by iarge temporal! sacrifices. The seceders enjoyed clerical, scademical and social ger prospects of great future advancement and wealth ay they belong d precisely to that class from which the Episcopal bench has been usually filled This position and rank, this weulth actual and pros. pective, has all been sucriticed to what these clor- gymen declare to be their conscientious pereeptions of christian truth. No candid protestant, of what- ever sect or shade of opinion, can deny that such a spectacle 18 calculated to make a profound impres- stonon that large class of minds which do not de- rive their faith from their owa independent inquiry, but receive it from the presumed wutherity of emi- nent and learned persons whom they believe to have honestly investigated the doctrines of the christian religion, and who have brought to that inquiry pie- ty, Sagacity and learning. Sueh have been the cha- racter and position of the principal seceders who have lately returned to the bosom of the ancient church, . But what renders the case worse for the estab- lished church of England, is that those who have se- ceded belong to a large and influential class, which still continue in communion with the church, and are headed by the Regius Professor of Hebrew in the University of Oxford, admitted to be one of the most profound theologians. How many more of this body may yet go over to the Church of Rome is uncertain. This schism in the Protestant Episeopal Church of England must lead to conseqnences in an eccle- siastical view of vast importance ; nor will they be confined to England. They will spread wherever Protestant Episcopacy extends; and they are already sensibly manifested in the United States. There is no denying the fact that the letter of the articles and of | the rubric, not to mention many parts of the liturgy, the eervice of the sick, and other forms which will occur to every mind, do give countenance to Pusey- ism. The proselytes of this class of opinions take their stand upon the Book of Common Prayer, and, right or wrong, insist that its letter and its spirit support them. Not that this is their only support. Far otherwise. But it is this by which they can best defend themselves against the rest of the Church, of which they constitute so important a sec- tion. The Church must, sooner or later, (if_it do not contemplate an open retrogression to the Church of Rome) set about a reform of the Articles and the Book of Common Prayer. These were, as 18 well | known, compiled in a spirit of compromise, in an | age when education was immeasurably more cir- cumscribed than at present, and when theological knowledge was almost exclusively confined to ec- clesiastics. Now, when all read, and think, and investigate ; when, moreover, there are clergy of as many shades of faith as there are tints of color, no cempromise on things so momentous can continue to be tolerated. But the heads of the Church in England recoil with feelings of inexpressible dread from touching these sacred formularies which have been handed down to them from the early reformers. If they once begin, where will they stop? If a door be opened to change, who can say what monsters may not creep in by it? I mentioned to you in my last the intended conyo- cation of asynod of German Catholics at Berlin. That body has held its deliberations, which closed on Saturday last. They have adopted, with several modifications, however, the statutes of Bresiau and | Leipsic. This is, theretore, only another ramifica- ton cf the new sect, which is spreading throughout central Prussia, differing equally from the religions prevalent in Polish Prussia, Silesia and Saxony. “The time is approaching,” says a writer here, “that there will be as many churches and creeds as there are parishes, or perhaps, even, individuals !” th, the constitution of the Church was It is based upon univer- sul suflrage. Even women are eligible to certain ecclesiastical otlices, and have an equal voice in all deliberations !!_ Every individual that has arrived at the age of fourteen, of both sexes, votes! A crime alone, or public scandal, can suspend the right of suffruge. ‘The General Protestant Council, which was to have assembled at Berlin, will pro. bably be attended with no result. Hanover and Hesse are the only States which have received the overtures of the Prussian government; but the Duchies of Saxe-Weimar, Saxe-Gotha, and eeveral other small German States, have declared against the project. Konigsburg has followed the example of Berlin, and has addressed the King on the subject of the present religious movement which agitates the ultra Khenish States of Europe. The Kang, in his an- swer, says the present is an epoch at which the faith ot their ancestors has been attacked and shaken to its very basis, with more jthan usual hardihood, and that he expects that the magistracy will, as far as in them lies, come torward to its support, and direct the ir efforts to repress that multpiicity of sects which would substitute the despotism of individual opin- ions for the recognized religious authority. . Amid the chaos of conflicting theories, hypothesis and opinions expressed by the press of Paris, whose name is legion, you will perhaps be glad to receive the impressions of adispassionate looker on, who is supremely inditferentto the points of politics and doctrine by which these mulutudinous sections of Parisian society 18 distinguished. The existing cabinet of the Tuileries is then, at this moment, in- volved in a painful dilemma ; [ had ulmost said re- duced to a crisis. M Guizot, who holds the port- folio of foreign affairs, and who is and has been the real, though not the nominal head of government, is said, by his opponents and neutrals, to be ex wd unpopular, more particularly with the anti- English party, and this aasertion is but feebly de- nied even by his friends. The nominal head of the government is the veteran soldier Marshal Soult, whose name is identified with French glory under the consulate and the empire. This personage holds in France a position analogous to that of the Duke of Wellington in England, and affords to Guizot the same sort of sanction as that which Peel receives from the Duke. Another soldier, Marshal Bugeaud, Duke of Isly, has, in later years, attained great mili- tary distinction by the victories he has achieved in Atrica, and although personally unpopular, aspires on the ground of his position, rank and services, to succeed the Marshal of the Empire, whenever the latter, yielding to the pressure of age, shall retire; an event which has been fora considerable time ex- eae place. Marshal Bugeaud, however, ing a mere soldier, of uncontrolable force of will, having little respect or consideration for the civil power, or civil functionaries, deeply conscious moreover, that he comprehends the condition of Algeria better than his superiors at Paris, has proved restive under the cabinet, and de- cient in that common courtesy — which would throw a veil, however thin, over the con- tempt in which he holds it, and all and every of its members. This has produced disgust in a high quarter, and accordingly his admission to the Ca- binet toreplace the veteran Soult, would be a most disagreeable necessity. Yet Bugeand, having no particular political character, would present equal claims to the war portfolio, whoever might be the head of the cabinet—be it Guizot or Thiers. This being the condition of things, Soult has sig- nified to the King and to his colleagues, his desire to be relieved of the cares and fatigues of office, alleging that his age imperiously requires repose, and that he is fully satitled to ihat indulgence, con- sidering the long series of years in which he has served his conntry at peace and at war. Just at the moment when this untoward resignation is tendered, the native tribes occupying the French colony in Africa, have broken out in a tresh revolt; Bugeaud is, as a matter of unavoidable necessity, despatched to quell the outbreak, being the only officer of that rank in the service who knows the country, and is practically conversant with its pecu- liar species of warfare. Thus, even it the King and his cabinet were willing to replace Soult by Bu- geaud, they could not at this moment do it. What then isto be done? M. Guizot hesiates to accept | the oflice of President of the Council (which is the | nominal head of the cabinet), on the ground, it 18 notas clergy. Now the church desires to take it ree these functions of the university, and hence | the present conflict. Some of the more active and | sive sustenance ot the population, the potato crop hus absolutely failed, and “Ireland,” says an intel- ligent contemporary, “18 threatened with @ thing | that 1s read of in history and in distant countries, bot ecarcely in our land and time—a famine.” Hun- dreds of acies of the root have rotted in the ground, and thus was destroyed the entire food of the mha- bitants of the districts for the winter season, {Lis now generally believed that Sir Robert Peel would not be sorry to be extricated trem the dilli- culties of the corn law question, by an emergency | which would lay him under a necessity of eupend: | distinguished university professors, among whom M. Michelet stands conspicuous, have issued through the press diatribes against the abuses of the contes- sional, the slleged mischief produced by the domes- tic influence of the clergy, setting the wife against the husband and the children against the father. In | this conflict there is much exaggeration on boih sides, and although its issue in the present state of public teeling among the male population. of France cannot be doubtful, true religion must suffer trom it. anon religious jferment in England takes another v rection. The protestant church in all ite sections, , of his unpopularity, and even it he did accept » the war porttolio would still be vacant unul Bu- geaud should have reconquered Algeria, or @ man of eufficiently commanding intellect and position can be found to accept it. Under these circum- stances, it has been offered ad interim to several | officers, who have severally declined the honor of | of Maestro. becoming an official warming 5 jf Marshal Bugeaud should succeed in the course of the winter, in quelling the revolt in Algeria, and | reduce that colony to a state of submission, 4s, in- | deed, he can scarcely fail to do with a torce of 100,- 000 mien, well disciplined and equipped, opposed to hordes ot semi-barbarians, he wail be enabled to transfer that government into subordinate hands, and to present himself in Paris with pretensions NEW YORK, TUESDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 2, 1845. | which it will be difficult to resist, whatever be the arty in offices and this he will do, notwithstanding | 1s personal unpopularity, and his total want of poli- tical influence. ‘ ‘The impression now is, in the quarters best in- formed, that the other members of the existing cabi- net will sueceed in persuading Soult to continue for the present in his office, giving him perhaps | some aid, of a subordinate, in the war department. This will give time, if it have no other advantage, and the cabinet will take the benefit of the chapter of accidents. This, however, is by no means cer- tain, inastnuch as Souit has been piqued in another quarter, by the cireumstance of his son, the Duke ‘ot Dalmatia, not obtaining the mission to Rome, | whielt he sought for. i ‘ | Itinthis me/ée the Soult-Guizot cabinet should | fall to pieces, M._ Thiers must resume his place in | the royal councils, and become President of the ‘ Couneil for the third time ‘Those, however, who | look torward io a policy hoatile to England, and a breach of the entente cordiale in such a contingency, will be decwived. M. Tiers knows the interests of ins country and his party, and the feelings of the most resp! ble and influential classes of the coun- try too well, to adopt such a course. It is all ver well to allow hts partisans in the heat of party strife to write tiradea on every trivial occasion—against the English press and the glish people ; but it is a very different thing to issue measures of the same character {rom the Hole des Affuwes Elrangeres. On his recent visit to England, M. Thiers was re- ceived with equal distinction, and in the same ami- cable spirit by the leaders of each party, the whiga and the coaservatives, and had fog interviews tary we ¥ out. [a a word, there was every indication, as lon the part of the illustrious visitor, as on that to the maintenance of the good understanding, which already subsists between the two countries. ‘The failure of the Great Britain, on her outward trip, has not created any surprise among engineers and men of science. No confidence in her success was entertained. Well informed persons and pru- dent calculators look with much stronger hope to the realization of the project of the line of packets, with auxilary propellers, of which the Massachusetts is regarded as the harbinger. These ships are consi- dered to be happily adapted to the combined pu poses of passengers and freight. They will be more economical than the Cunard,ships for the former, and can afford tonnage for the latter, which the mail steamers cannot. They will probably be somewhat less expeditious, and, therefore, will leave most of the letters and despatches to the mail line ; but with all this, they will form a vast step in the advance- ment of the art of steam navigation. A revival of the legitimate drama | in London, as far as the limits of th Oxford street, allow of its developement. Macready has been welcomed with an enthusiasm, singular has taken place e little theatre in | the press. contestibly at the head/of the legitimate drama. An effort has been made by Webster, at the Haymarket, to divide the public interest, by the peoaaer on of Miss Faucit and Anderson, but without effect.— Miss Faucit is a clever but not an Aaa Me | artiste. She has reached her limit. Alone she loes not draw—supporting a first rate tragedian like Macrea- dy, she is in her place and efficient. Anderson's his former position, and what clearly shows the ab- a “star,” is, that the novelty of his appearance, after so long an absence, and so successful a tour, has had no effeet. In fact, Miss Faucit and he are play- ing to thin houses, and with moderate approbation Anderson will resume in England his former posi- tion—that of a reepectable stock performer, compe- tent to first parts in the absence of a star, and excel- lent in second parts during star engagements. Miss Faucit ‘will never interfere with the position to which Miss Cushman’s ambition aspires. The lat- ter lady is reported to be engaged for Covent Gar- den, which is said to be about to open with the legi- timate drama, after Christmas. _The Princesses would be too small to pay her, after the drain Ma- cready takes from it. He fills it to overflowing.— She could, therefore, add nothing to the receipts, and is consequently not engaged. : In the musical world the event of the last fortnight has been the production of Verdi’s opera of*Nabuco,” at the Italian opera house here. This piece has been unfortunate. Itis always an untoward circumstance, whatever be the cause, for the run of a new piece to be interrupted. This opera, after being performed for four or five successive nights was salsa by tie indispositien (as it is alleged) of one of the perform- ers, and its reproduction is now waited for. Mean- while public enthusiasm has time to cool dow: The piece was coldly received the first night.— Notonly the music, composed in a nove! style, was strange to the public ear, but the performers also were new, and the atyle -of singing different from that to which the Parisian audiences have been ac- customed. On exch repetition, however, the appro- bation was more and more warm, and at last be. came quite enthusiastic. 2 : Verdi is assigned a position, by the musical cri Donnizetti. f french and German schools, intermingled with @ dash of Rossini’s style. Like the French compo sers he carefully adapts his music to the dramatic situations and to the words. In fact he never for- gets his libretto in the ardor of composition. Inthe spirit of the German school, he sustains the vocal parts by the richest and most complicated instru- mentation, and calls into play, with consummate skill, all the resources of the orchestra. Like Ros- sini he impresses the ear and fills the memory with Strains of the sweetest and most enchanting melo- dy. It may be true that Verdi is not by nature a ge- nius of an high order in the correct sense of that much abused term, but it 18 a!so true that study and art, combined with the most chastened taste, has | made him a vast acquisition in the present dearth of great masters Verdi has Sampo produced about five years ago, was unsuccees{ul.— I'he others have spread the author’s fame through- out Europe, and he has at present orders from difler- ent theatres for eight new ones. This fact is more conclusive as to the merits of the composer than any individual criticism, however exalted the quar- ter trom which it may proceed. _ sys This opera has been the occasion of bringing be- fore the public an artiste hitherto unknown, north of the Alps and Pyrenees. Mdlle. Teresma Brambil- la, sister of the well known cantatrice of the same name, has tlt established a reputation in Italy, and in Spain. ith an agreeable person, a naif and peculiar manner and courage, she unites a s0- prano voice, having a great range in the upper part of the scale. Yet in producing the highest notes, there is nothing piercing or disagreeable to the ear. Her method is tormed in the best school, and her vocalization is shaded and unted with much discri- mination. Guilia Grisi was excluded by the low range ot her veice from the part in ‘ Nabuco,” and will probably be equally shutfrom the other works of the same composer. i > It, on the re-production of this opera, the same success attends it as was manitested the last night ot its performance, we shall have in sucgession, “Er- nani,” “Le duc Foscani,” “1 Lombardi,” and ‘‘Gio- vanna d’Arco,” by the same composer. _ Jenny Lind, the Swedish cantatrice, whom I no- ticed in a former letter, was, it appears, formally en- gaged by Bunn for Drury Lane Theatre; at least, so Bunn publicly has asserted—if so, the lady has re- solved, it would appear, to break the engagement, tor she is certainly engaged at the Opera at Berlin for four successive Meet ten months each year, at a salary rather exceeding that of the President of the United States. She receives a fixed stipend of twenty thousand dollars, with an addition ot forty dollars for each performanee. Her two vacant months will be worth, at the least, two thousand doliars more; #® that health permitting, Mdile. Lind will be in the receipt of the enormous annual in- come of thirty-five thousand dollars for four years to come. Her notes are assuredly more valuable than those of the great company of Chesnut street. ‘The salons of Paris have been a occupied with a bit of scandal, of the kind in which they take especial pleasure. Listz, the celebrated pianist, has entertained for some yearsa tender liaison with one of the female onnes’ here, Madame La Com- tesse d’ Agoult, known as the authorees of articles in the Revue des deux Mondes, which bear the signature Daniel Stern. By this lady Listz has had some interesting and -beautiful children. He hi recently, for some cause which has not transpired, | (although there are many conjectures about it,) se- parated trom her. . Listz hae raised his aspirations lately higher thi | the position which he has gained as a distinguished instrumental periermer and compoeer, and not con- tent with the laurels which he has thus gathered, he | now presents himself as a candidate for the wreath He is engaged, it 1s said, in the com- will be produced at the | position of an opera, Wi theatre of Vienna. c Adam’s Ballet of the Vierge de Marbre is about to be produced at the theatre of La Scala, (Milan,) d Mile Adele Dumilaire is engaged to perform After the expiration of that engage- here the same ballet will an | the heroine. ment she returns to Par | be produced.'Taglioni and Fanny Elssler are engaged jat Rome. ‘The grand opera here now rests almost | with the foreign secretary in, and the foreign secre- | of his entertainers, to study all that could conduce | for its intengity and unanimity, by the public and | Public opinion has placed this actor in- | success in America has had no effect on his protes- | y 7 sional standing inEngland. He hassimply resumed | Thursday and left on yesterday, for Marengo, in sence of all public acknowledgment of his claims as | ties, at the feet of Rossini, and between Bellini and | His manner is a combination of the | exclus Grisi. Among the musical events which have marked the day ought to be mentioned the death of Madame Colbrand, the wife of Rozsini,which lately took place at his splendid villa near Bologna, after a painful allnoe, prpaeding, frem a cancer. | Colbrand was one of the most distinguished artists of her day, both as a,cantratrice and a tragedienne. She was for a long time attached to the San Carlo theatre at Na- ples, and obtained much celebrity in all the Italian theatres, It was for her that Rossini, abandonin, the Butfia opera, in which he had obtained such unbounded success by the production of Barbiere di Seviglia, devoted himseif to the composition of se- rious operas, and brought out successively, the “Otello,” “Ehzabetha,” ‘Mo-6,”_“ Ermione,” “ Armida,” ‘Semiramide,” and ‘‘La Donna di Lago.” . 4 Posrscrirt.—t learn from a quarter which I think can be relied upon, ‘that the ports in England and Ireland will either be absolutely opened, or # small fixed duty on corn and fionr will be substituted tor | the sliding seale, If this information be correct you will probably hear the result by the same mai | which brings this letter. Among the numerous journal | been established here, and which [ noticed in one | of my former lettere,’ the only one which has had any success is the Epoque, a government paper, and the personal organ of M. Guizot. Its repute circulation is twenty thousand, This paper, in its structure and mode of circulation, bears a close re- semblance to the Herald. Unlike the Paris papers generally, it is sold, not merely, or even chiefly, to annual stibscribers, but is distributed by news | beys or agents, who afe spread in hundreds over every part of the city, which they are seen travers- ing all day long, being conspicuous By theit livery, | a part of which is a very imposing cocked hat. This | paper has already become a valuable property. I have heard it argued in New York that the Herald, whatever be its circulation, could not bea good property in consequence ot being sold at a price | which could not pay. The A’pogue affords a prac- | tical answer to this. It iga sheet larger than the Herald, as you will see by the specimen I send you by this mail, and it is sold for three cents, bearing upon it a stamp of the value of one cent and a filth, so that the actual selling price is lower than that ofthe Herald. It is the best conducted paper at present published in this city, and in poing of re- ppectability stands on the same footing as the Jour- nal des Debats, La Presse, and Le Constitukionnel One of these days, when more pressing matter al. ly on the delicate shoulders of Carlotta Is which have lately | | papers spread, and rage, and the Ministerial papers now | admit that its suppression must be a work of consi- derable time. ‘The Arab tribes, in fact, cannot be | kept in tranquillity in the presence of foreigners, whom they detest, and of whose religion they have a fanatical abhorrence, otherwise than by the per- p manent presence of an overwhelming military lorce. Monte, Nov. 22, 1845. Arrival of Mr. Calhoun—Interesting Commercial and Financial Intellugence—-Politics—-Theatri- cals, &c. The Hon. John C. Calhoun arrived here on | this State; his son, A. P. Calhoun accompanied him. | passed through this city yesterday, Washington city. Business of ull kinds has been dull for the last few weeks, owing to the continued low stage of water in the | Warrior and Alabama rivers. : ck of cotton on hand and on shipboard no ounted, up to to-night, to 97,221 bales. e past Week hate been extremely dull in com parison with transactions of former years. The busines | of Monday was small, suming up 300 bal Bigbee, |" Phe red lee of the were firm. The lightness of the stock on sale made holders stiff -there were about 2000 bales changed hands. | On Wednesday, a fit inquiry, prices frm and sales ran y and Fridey market dull | up to 2,000 bales. On Thur | appearances in favor of buyers, but not enough to note decline. The sales amounted to 9,00 bales. To- there has been a decline of from an } toa} in all gra | excepting good fair, and good and fine. | sale of that class being so limited that the |up. Even at cline noticed, the rate | lo ke) amounted to 500 ‘The day closed with an unsettled fe. In fact, the rat er yet, for you will see by N Orleans quotation: t | the greater number account during th | In exchange w: | notice sight che! n Liverpool, 60 day: notes—Bank of Mobile par: par, Imention the Merchants & Planters partic your Bank Note Circulars and Reporte ew York place she bills at 20a25 per cent discount. past week or two. ve had little or nothing done. \ n New York at 1al} per cent dist 6 r cent per preminm. Ir S rly dolls bi ank. Our freights were dull during the first of the week, jpmasters holding out for hig! whith they have since reali: We had one engugement for cot tonto Havre at Lic. it being an advance of 1-16 over | former rates. On Thursday the ships Arabella, Waver- ly, Susanna Cummings and bark Thai made engage ments to pool at 9- improvement of 1-18. The bark Empire, to Boston, at jc., and the Jo- | sephine, for Cardenas, with lumber at $12 per m., which | closed the transactions of the week. |” By the bye, the demand for lumber, both for Cuba and | Poxas, is immense, but we have few vessels of the pro | per size for thattrade. We have the lumber to supply the demand, but our Cuba and T | great difficulty in procuring vessels. | Our produce market is generally wel the exception of potatoes, which are | demand. We notice | a $2 25 during the site 13} per D | article of Goshen butter, which i | and in demand at lows, I will give you a coup d’eu of the Paris news | he insurrection in Algiers still continues to | Hon. Spencer Jarnigan, Senator from Tennessee, | 'y on his way to | On Tuesday there was much more animation inthe market—prices | The stock on | ite compelled to go down a shade | our market quotations are above them, which has caused by competition amongst buyers, the stock ‘small aid peremptory orders from abroad. In fact of transactions have been on English We Planters & Merchants Bank t is true the bank is in liquidation, but the specie is paid ci epee ited at the coanter of the | as merchants have ly made of $2 . 1 mackerel scarce So also of a choice Li cf arce and will go off sed six operas, the first of which, | freely at 12 8 20. So of a choice article of Goshen gS as filled with 3 een at dook at Jonea C. Heartt went dowa T about 4 Let af oe ng - be Ses NOS Stadt ae ete on Saturda: Schoharie . But 74 Sent n Saturday. Ti was the Habe et ning. From jor Doty, who ci inon Satur ce the caual is closed gle boat in motion. of Livingston & Well’s expre day, we learn that to all uppear for the season. He did not see ‘At several peints he saw teams leaving the tow-path; evidently having abandoned the boats. Between Utica and Schenectady he saw but few bor Utica they were more plenty. The river y | (Sunday) morning was fullofice. The South Ai lett at 24 P. M, and the Hendrik Hudson at 6 P. M. | in advance of their usi hcur. Snow commenced falling at one o’clock.—Citizen Extra, Nov. 30. Puttaprnriia—Alter saying every thing in favor of the weather jor nearly eight months, it would be dis- courteous to complain for one or two departures. We have, therefore, only to say, that on Saturday the Indian summer, which had been more than usually agreeablo, evidently took its leave. The weather became hard and threatening, and in the evening, there was a slight fall of snow, eitick captineed uel late yesterday morning, when a gentle rein took itu place, and created the ap- pearance of early April. ‘This may be the veginning of ahard winter—if so, itia the beginning of trouble to mary, and the continuance of churity to others. tis | well for ds eli to remember, that more lovely weather has scarcely ever been crowded into a year, than has ‘since last May.—U. S. Gazette, Dec. 1. xent-nost, Nov. 26.—Navigation is fast closing for 3 a mers St. jie Rochester have been laid up for winter, and the Lady of the Lake terday morning on her last trip, as we learn. willbe put into winter quarters this w inderstand. We wish their several commanders and in their winter retirement, the abundant fruits of | ‘on of well spent labor, and troops of new friends | the coming season. Oswego, Nov. £ favorable, the business of the season is fai according to arrangements for the clos about this period. The Lady of the Lake day from Ogdensburgh, and lays up. Tho Niagara and | the Clinton are the only steamers running. ‘here is jome merchandise shipping for ports, on ‘Lake Ontario, | andthe mills continue to grind and ship flour on the canal. Nort Canoniva.—Hitherto we have had one of the mildest falls which we have experienced for years. | Indeed, we have had almost summer weather during th present month. On Monday morning, however, a spirit game over our weather dream, and a cold and wintry | —Although the weather continues winding up, navigation at in yeater- “Cloaks and overcoats bright blazing fires, see doves, are now the order of the day—or rather of the night. Our mornings and nights are pisreingly culd.. Since writing the above, the weather has again become mild.— Wilmington, N. C., Nov. 28. waitacaeebdWtackiay Intelligence from the Great West. [From the Weston, Mo., Democrat, Nov. 15] We learn from varios sources that the emigration from the Platte country to Oregon and California next ear, will be unusually large. Various motives induce it, the most important of which is, the unusual sickness which pervaded the past season. Great numbers are now making preparations for an early start, and we should not be surprised if the aggregate amounted to severa thousands. The salubrity of the climate on the Pacific coast, the vast field opened for commercial enterpri nd the islands in the Pacific, and the rapidity with which the whole country is filling up with the Anglo Saxon race, induce the most enterprising and active por- tion of the community to visit that far off land. White Cloud, chief of the lowas, and others of th same tribe:who have been making the tour of Europe, | returned on the steamer Archer last Wednesday Ju | ing from the quantity of bag a profitable trip to them. They appeared to be fine health, and left the next day for the lowa nation. The weather continues pleasant and dry, without any material change inthe river. < The story relative to the disease in the Kaw | pears to be going the rounds of the eastern pa | very fetarh hie that such a disease shoul vailed among the Kaw Indians, and we heard of it in this section, when their vill some twenty-five or thirty miles below Weston. are disposed to think, that it is alla ke, and make this statement for the information of those who may wish to visit the far west, and be deterred from doing so, on account of this rumor. ‘The Platte country, considering the overflow last year, was never more healthy then it to learn that the steamer Little Mail, on her is place, struck a snag some th: ty it a rvnward trip from t | downwat irom miles below ee aay oats 8th ig als sink immediately in five or six feet wa ole oF ‘0, we understand, is a total lo ter passing a very di the vicinity, were ag taken aloord | or fort cause The whole of the ca: and the passengete al night on a sand bar in ; steamer Amaranth, on Sunday morning boilers, chimneys, and furniture,were also | the Amaranth. Governor oF Sout Carozina’s Message. —The legislature of South Carolina met in Columbia on the 25th ult. It was duly organized, when Gov. Alkem trasmitted his annual mneean ge relative to the affairs of the State. He commenced by speaking et the par- tial failure of the crops ot grain and cotton, which he remarks, “ gives reason to apprehend some dis- treas amongst a certain portion of the citizens, and some curtailment of the foreign trade”’—he con- gratulates them, however, on the eneral health and prosperity of the couatry, an remarks ‘But tren while we are exchanging. felicitations on a condi- tion so blessed beyond the Jot of almost every other peo- ple on the earth, the history of the past painfully minds us how farshort it falls of that pitch of bates ty to which we might rightfully have attained, hed tl sacred compacts of tha federal constitution been r spected, and the Sh img rer eee of the protective policy never grafted its baleful measures on the federal legislature, to wring from the industry of our large a portion of the fruits of its lawful labor.” ‘The military department is in an excellent condition. The military academy at Charleston is flourishing, but circumstances have occurred which materially affect the usefulness of the one at Columbia. The appointment of an agent to prosecute the claim of the State upon the general government for advances made by the State, for ry | cheese at 10 alic. The market is ov with an | FO ielenee durin ithGreat Britain, and for e i en @ the last war withGrea' a p grtinas ya Gale Of eer Rcm aaa iene ange suppiy, | payments on account of the Florida campaign is re- | ; f en Y p commended. A change is recommended in the whole | but little inquiry ; lard, a good supply but no demand— | we quote 8}. 8}. ’ I believe the above embraces a | nearly all, the articles that your merchants are interest- | ed in for this market. i I give the following quotations (for this day) of cot- g fair 70 bs | ton :—-Ordinary 6,a6}; middling 6ja6j; middliny | 7h; fair 7708; good fur 64u8]; good and fine 9a9. | Corrox Starewent—Port oF Mosite, Nov. 22, 1845. | Stock on hand, Sept: 1, 1045 +600 | Received this weel | Heceived previously 52,800 93,402 exported this wi K . Exported Previot 91,280 62,181 | Leaving on haad and on shipboard not cleared on 22d Nov. 1845 ase pe de sat Laying aside business transactions, I will give you a that ¥s going on here, political, theatrical, ke. Our city is considerably excited on the ct of the election for Mayor of this great city. before us from whom to choo: whigs, two locofocos, and one no where. We have the tallest kind of electioneering both day and night. The two parties in this city are nearly equally divided The Irish holding the balance, they have to Be conciliated— we do that thing by giving balls, called here Irish balls, and the way they go itis awful. The contest will lay betwoen B. McAlpin, C. C. Langdon and C Hoppin,the others being distanced in the early part of the race. — | ‘The first is a whole-hog, Jacl ‘an Buren and Polk man—tail and all—the second a sort of good whig at the South, but with you no whig atall. The third one wants to be both whig and locofoco, and will find him- self with neither. Blant is all the go with the boys from the Emerald Isle. ‘The poor fellow ought to be elected, ‘as it is aaid he was cheated out of the Mayoralty at the last election. : r city, especially among the theatre going portion, on tiptoe, awaiting the opening of the theatre fy and Smith, on Monday evening. We ex- ., here during the ‘ir. Kean, Mrs to a Mobil here. we mre ts ning, ignora Pico, Sigeors Anoguint and Valtillina, aud more of such breaking names than you could shake a stick at ina week. Prnsacova, Nov. 22, 1845. Important if True—Is not Mr. Slidell now in Washington? A very mysterious occurrence took place here on the arrival of Wednesday's mail from Mobile, which has set all the “ quid nuncs” agog. A gentleman came passen- ger in the stage, and proceeded to Jenk’s Hotel, called for pen, ink, and paper, andsenta note to Commodore Conner, cot ing the naval force in this harbor ; as soon as the Comm odore received his note he up to Pp an | town, and had an interview with this personage in pri- | The next morning a boat from the squadron was sent for Mr. Mysterious, (who wore a white hat.) He went down and embarked on board the ship St. Mary’s, which vessel immediately got under way and went to sea—rumor says that the great incognito, was Mr. Van | Ness, late collector ot New York, but facts heve leakod | out that the individual alluded to was the Hon. John Slidell, member of Congress, from New Orleans, and that he has gone to Mexico for the purpose of settling ‘our difficulties with that government. What does it mean ? (cg Rebert W. Wells was elected President of the Missouri Convention, which met on the 17th ult., at Jefferson City, to revise the constitution «/ | that State. vate. plan of education. He say “The course of instruction from the Common School to the College should be systemaitzed and adapted to one end. The condition of the South Carolina Coll at all times engage the most Legislature. Complaints ex and of other cau: of the institution, In turning fromthe subject of education nor speaks of the physical resources of the State. Thi he remarks ‘consist essentially in the variety of soils of our lands, the staples of our agriculture, the riches of the mines contained in the bowels of the earth, and their developement by the miner ; in the manufactures, which convert useless and raw material into the products suit- ed to the uses of civilized life ; inthe commerce of the State, resting on the exchanges of her agricultural and manufecturing industry ; and the high-ways, on which that commerce is to be conducted. Of all these, our Agriculture demands the first and consideration. It is the great interest of the 0 which all others are secondary.” He recommends the continustion of the Geological | survey, which wi 01 i but never finished - and | urges the importat f | their own. “The e: some extent, be made a resource for count fensively, the operations of protective “61 ‘The improvement of turnpikes 4 and the et of railroads is also urged. | The protest of the Legislature of Massachusetts | against South Carolina, and her laws prohibiting the in- gress of froe persons of color, who are considered dan- ‘erous to the peace and safety of her own population, is id before the body to whom this message is addressed. ‘The Governor enters into a long and able explanation of the causes which led to the controversy with Massa chusetts, and the legislation which South Carolina pur- sued. In concluding the subject, he says, " Passing by all the other slave holding states, Massachusetts has ho- nored South Carolina, by singling her out, as the object of her criminations, and hes arraigned her before the christian and civilized world, for conduct, incompati- ble with her constitutional and social obligations, with comity of nations, with humanity, civilization and ristianity ; and for what? For simply guarding her. If against the invasion of her peace, the slaughter of r people, and the desolation of her egg ecause she is not one of those who can coldly look on sacked d burning cities, and blood-stained streets, on the ruin of her country and the carnage of her people, and ex- claim in the exultant hatred of mad fanaticism, or in the malignant vengeance of disappointed hopes, ‘ let it come, let it come.’ South Carolina responds to Massachusetts before the civilized worl it to the present, and after a; and to posterity, to decide who whose peace has been invaded ve been infringed, and who has most to, and performed all her social, christian, an 1 obligati ms.”? Nor does he fear the result if Massachusetts carries “retaliation.” The Governor any relaxation of the Federal factures the chi sel to those now been the ag | | out her implied threats of he cannot report 1 it for the protection of nee geet oie | He believes, however, the present exec | meet will ‘iopt measures to keduce the tariff to a reve. nue standard,and recommends forbearance from any ac- | tion which might embarrass the federal efforts to thie end. ation of Texas and the demise of General Jeckeon ere spoken of. The letter of the Hon. Daniel Huger, tendering to the legislature the resignation of his seat in the Senate of the U.S. is transmitted to ‘hat body, with appropriate remarks. regrets ‘overnment