The New York Herald Newspaper, October 29, 1845, Page 1

~~ ARRIVAL OF THE STEAM SHIP GREAT WESTERN. HIGHLY INTERESTING NEWS. SEVEN DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE. STATE OF THE HARVEST. More Orders sent to America for Food. ANOTHER SLIGHT REDUCTION IN COTTON. Progress of the New Religion in Continental Europe. INTERESTING RESULTS, ATTEMPTED REVOLUTION IN ITALY. French Reverses in Morocco. ABD-EL-KADER AGAIN IN THE FIELD! THE REPUBLICAN IMPULSE IN EUROPE, ITS RAPID STRIDES. CONTINUANCE OF THE RAILWAY MANIA. The Fresh Movements in Ireland. &e., de, &e, The steam ship Great Western, Captain Mathews, arrived early yesterday morning, after a passage of sixteen days and a half over the ocean. Our advices by her are to the 11th inst., inclusive, from Liverpool, and 10th from London. She brings 128 passengers, The news is important, especially in a commer- cial poiut of view. The crops in Great Britain are short. There is hardly a mistake about this now. Owing to this de- plorable eccurrence to the poor laboring classes of England, more orders for food have been received by the Western. This failure of the harvests in England continued to have its effect on the cotton market. That arti- ele, in consequence, had experienced another slight reduction, ‘The accounts from the manufacturing districts are, upon the whole, encouraging. In the Woollen dis- tricts of Yorkshire business was brisk, and the same may be said of business in Manchester and the neighborhoed. Apart from theycommercial intelligence, the ad- vices, politically, are interesting. The spirit of re- publicanism seems to be spreading in all parts of Europe. Tins is seen in the new religious refor- mation in Germany—the recent attempted revolu- tion in Italy—the organization of secret societies in Switzerland for the overthrow of crowned heads— the new Protestant impulge in France—the riots in Spain—and even in the efforts of Abd-el-Kader to nid himself of the French in Morocco. The Yorkshire, Captain Builey, arrived at Liver- pool on the 4th instant, and the Southerner, Palmer, on the 9th. The Produce markets generally exhibited a firm and buoyant feeling. The price of iron continued to advance, and on the manufactured article the dealers in Staffordshire have demanded, and obtaimed, an extra 20s. per ton, and pigs 10s. per ton. It 18 said that Her Majesty, Queen Victoria, is again “‘in the state” ie. The crops of wheat, barley, and peas in Holstein, Denmark, and Pomerania are said to be satisfactory, both us regards the quantity and the quality. The Prussian government has prohibited the ex- portation of potatoes from Westphalia and the Rhenish provinces. One of the manufacturing firms of Sheffield, japo- logiaing toa customer for not paving completed an order, attributes it to the injurious effects which he affirms are resulting to the trade from the railway pleasure trips and gipsey parties, now so frequently indulged in. There is a rumor in town that the quit and Crown rents of Ireland, valued at about £30 000 per annum, are to be given to the Roman ,Catholics of Ireland, for the building and repair of their churches. In the United Kingdom there are 363 judges, with salaries amounting to, £402,082 per annum. Of these, 145 in England receive £208,976 ; 124 in Ire- Jand, £116,086 ; and 941n Scotland, £76,970. The railway fever rages as violently in France as in England. The sum drawn out of the Paris Sa- vings’ Bank, last week, eee, for purposes of speculation in shares, was 2 367,727f., whilst the de- posits amounted only to 501,135t. The Mining Journal repeats the story that Gov- ernment has determined on transferring the North gros Packet Station from Liverpool to Bantra y Setrvtiric Exrrprrions.—Mr. Hartweg, who has for some years been employed by the Horticultural Society in making collections for their ;gardens in Mexico and Guatemala, has just been vent out to California, which was explored for the same purpose ome yeurs since by the late Mr. Douglas. The fate of this last traveller was very tragical; for on his re- turn ee! by way of the Sandwich Islands, he fell into a pit dug for catching wild bulls, in which there happened to be one, and the infuriated animal gored him to death. Saruixe ov Aaricutavrat Lasorers ror Norrn Aaerica —On Saturday, the 4th instant, the Toron to, 700 tons burden, Captain Tinker, sailed from the St. Katharine’s ba ondon, paves ie nee 60 steerage paseengers, al icultural laborers, trom the sounds of Bedford, Buckingham and Oxford. On board the same vessel the collection of wild beasts belonging to Van Amburgh, proceeded on their voyage to New York. Tue Iron Trape.—Short and Mahony, in their circular of the 7th instant, state, with reference to the export of British iron for the last 10 years, that it has steadily increased “ from about 219,000 tons mm 1835 to 460,000 tons in 1848, and 472,000 tons in 1844. So that the exports in the last year are much more than double those of 1835; and it is worthy o: remark, that higher dened ago in 1844 (the year of the largest export) than in 1843; so that it may be fairly inferred, that arise in prices, when the article is wanted, does not necessarily check de- mand ; indeed, on the contrary, it may safely be as- serted, that in 1844 the demand caused the rise. If this be an accurate view of the question, it is well worthy the attention of producers and purchasers to consider the probable effect on prices of the present prospects of great udditional demand for iron of every sort, iN consequence of the many rai ways projected in the United Kingdom, in Ru: sia, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Portugal; as well ag in our East Indian empire, and our colonies in North America, the West Indies and Australasia.” Towards the month of March last rices were run up to 5/. 10s. for Scotch pig iron ; 9. 0s, to 10. tor Welsh bars, and 12/. 10s. to 181. for rails, In April, May and June, prises gradually Te. ceded to 60s. for Scotch pigs; 7. for Welch bare 3 and 8 10s. to #. for rails. The decline brought out the right class of buyers: and the trade, the found- ers, some exporters, and some railway companies, began to purchase. Nearly all the weak holders have parted with their stocks ; most of the iron masters are full of orders; prices have steadily advanced to 85s. to 1008. for Scotch Pigs, 91. for Welsh bars, and 11/ to 12/. per ton tor rails; and the market has as- sumed a wholesome position, while no disposition is evinced by makers to run up prices beyond what the demand upon them fully justifies, and a ste trade may be calculated upon for some time to come. ARREST AND CommitraL or aN AMERICAN FvaI- tive. —On the 6th inst., a dark-featured middle- aged man, described as John Comstock Clinton, merchant, of Somerset, Whitechapel, was brought before Mr. Hall, on a warrant granted by his wor- ship under the act of treaty between her Majesty and the United States, for giving up criminals fugi- tive from justice, &c , charged witl being concern- | ed in the lorgery by which the Messrs. Little & Co. | bankers and stockbrokers of New York, were de- frauded of 23,000 Mexican dollars in 1841. The prisoner had been arrested before on the same | charge,but got offenthe ground of some informality. | Mr. Chambers, Q. C., who formerly defended | the prisoner was retained on this occasion for the eens and Mr. Clarkson Aprearest for the de- lence. There wasa good deal of argument carota raised by Mr. Clarkson, who urgently pleaded for a remand, and demanded for his client the privilege of disproving the charges thus irregularly brought against him. Mr. Hall, however, declined Mr. Clark- son’s request, and certified the committal of the pri- soner to the Government. An applicatiion tor the copy of the depositions was also refused to the pri- soner’s counsel. We find by the London papers of yesterday, that with reference to the evidence of the prosecutor’s clerk, it appears that the check itself was presented elsewhere, and that the 2000 sove- reigns paid by the clerk to the prisoner were im ex- change tor Union Bank Notes, supposed to be the produce of the check. A writ of habeas corpus has been obtained, so that the points raised Mr. Clarkson will be shortly argued before the Tidges of the Queen’s Bench. Gazette, A letter from Frankfort in the Colo; states that the different governments of the Zallve: rein are to decide in common how far it will be use- ful to prohibit completely, or only to restrict, the importation of patatoes and corn ut tue present con- juncture. Raway Devosires.—As the end of the year is now approaching, numberless conjectures are afloat as to the time and manner in which the large depo- sits accruing upon railway projects must be placed in the hands of the Accountant-General. Ata mod- erate estimate the sums which will thus have to be provided amouat to no less than 30,000,000 sterling, more than the whole circulation of the Bank of Eng- land, ang, perhaps, three times as much as could be withdr@wn at any one time without seriously embar- rassing the whole currency of the country. There is not an individual, however experienced in mone- tary affairs, who is able, satistactorily to his own mind, to explain how this money is to be provided, especially if a large proportion is called for at the same time, which is likely to be the case The ques- tion, therefore, universally asked, and which would probably puzzle the Accountant-General himself to answer, is, how much would be wanted at once,and what would be done with it when in his possession? At present the money arising from railway deposits instead of making any scarcity, rather increases the previous abundance, because it passes into the hands of the various bankers to the railway companies, who, of course, employ it again to the extent to which they consider they may safely and prudent! do so. According to general conjecture, the mont of February being that in which Parliament opens, will be the time on which a large portion of the money will, in due course, be required; but the sub- ject will demand the most vigilant attention on the part of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, in regula- ting its progress, and it is thought by many that it may prove an over-match for the utmost degree of caution which the Treasury can exercise. Impurse Gtven TO Newspapers BY THE RAtLWay Manra.—The railway mania knows no abatement ; it appears, on the contrary, to increase. The daily (a are reaping a rich harvest by the prodigal out- lay. All the leading organs of opinion are obliged to stint their readers of their customary quantity of intelligence, to make room for the lengthy prospec- tuses which set forth in tempting colors how speedi- ly a fortune is tobe made by dabbling in their wares. The diurnals give every day a supplement as large as their regular sheet, stufled with these an- nouncements, and on some occasions a second daily supplement is found insufficient. The proprietors of the daily press are “ making hay while the sun shines.” Their charges on these announcements would be deemed incredulous in any country but England. A leading morning paper receives, in the course of one week, at the present time, from the source to which ‘we allude, as much hard cash as the chief magistrate of the Union is paid annually tor his services. How many German princes would ee over the revenues of a single newspaper estab- ishment. As to the weekly and semi-weekly influx of newspapers, that spring like mushrooms into ex- istence, devoted to railway purposes, their name is “legion.” When so much money is to be made there 1s every temptation to fraud—and it is pretty well ascertained, that some of the new railway schemes deserve that appellation in its fullest itali- cised sense. Attorneys, with little practice and less character, are found, ‘who, with a secretary of the same calibre, set the bubble in motion, and, by a process perfectly well known to the initiated, get a batch of persona, of wen Dediggeuh and high- sounding names, who sell themselves to the concern on the understanding, that if it fail,theyjare to be held harmless—if it succeed, they are to share in the spoil. “Herewith 1 send you a fat goose—pluck him,” was the quaint introduction which a lawyer once gave to a client when he introduced him to a brother shark ; and the same description applies, at the present moment, to many an unconscious votary of Plutus in the purlieus of every stock exchange in the kingdom —Live ‘imes, Oct. 11 Tuk Sreamenir Massacuuserts.—The steam- ship Massachusetts arrived here on the 3rd instant, after a passage of 174 days from New York. She is a new and beautiful vessel, rigged for a sailing ship, with the addition of the screw propeller. Her first passage across the Atlantic groved most satisfactory in every respect. When off Liverpool, a letter was addressed to Mr. Forbes, and other proprietors of the ship, by Colonel Perkins of Boston, and the other passengers on board. The testimony of so able and experienced a gentleman as Col. Thomas H. Perkins is of the first importance. He has been one of the greatest travellers by sea and land, and after along and honorable life devoted to com- merce, he again, at the advanced age of 90 years, visits Europe with a view of farther extending the commerce and intercourse of the two countries. Increase or Nations, Weautu.—In an article on the annual accumulation of capital in the Econo- mist’s Railway Monitor of the 4th instant, we meet with the following extraordinary instances of ex- tension : In 1820, the whole of the shipping belong- ing to the United Kingdom was 2.648,593 tons ; at the commencenent ot last year it had increased to 3,588,387 tons, notwithstanding all the ships which during that 24 years had been worn out or lost at sea. In 1820 we had cotton, factories capable of working up 151,000,000 Ib. of cotton wool, and now we have extended them 80, that last year we work- ed up more than 700,000,000 Ibs. In 1820 we had | woollen factories capabie of working up 7,691,000 Ib. of foreign sheep’s wool, and now we have in- creased them till they have consumed last year 69,- 493,000 Ib. of foreign wool, independent of the in. crease which has in the meantime taken place in the home growth. The silk, linen, and other ma- nufacturing pursuits have extended'in a similar way, | and this has all been done by the annual invest- ment of the savings of the country, either in abso- lute extension of mills, or in improvements in the peat powerof machinery. The declared va- ue of our exports in 1820, was £35,568,000, and the official value of our imports £31,484,000, but last year our exports had risen to £58,584,000, and our imports to £75,441,555. The Harvests in Eurepe. The Mark Lane Express of the 6th instant, says: In the northern and eastern parts of the kingdom there is still a good deal of grain in the fields; and as the weather seems to have been quite as unset- tled there as with us, the conclusion of the harvest f | must be still further delayed. The chances of the remainder of crops in the later districts being se- cured in even tolerable order, are, therefore, very slight. In early seasons the northern counties sometimes,fare better than the south ; such was the case last year, and the enormous produce of wheat in Lincolnshire and Cambridgeshire did much to swell the general yield. This season the deficiency is likely to be much greater in the backward than in the early counties ; the corn was not ripe there till the weather became decidedly broken, and the quality will, we fear, prove even worse than the ield. We cannot, therefore, calculate on anythin; like the large supplies we have been in the habit of | drawing from the east coast. The western side of | the island has been the more. favored this season, but even there the produce of wheat to the acre is | complained of, while the weight per bushel is cer- | tainly two pounds less than last season. It is, there- fore, too certain that the total produce ot the king- dom must be regarded as short of usual years, and a steady and progressive rise in the value of bread stuffs must be expected. The upward movement may, and probably will, from time to time, re- | ceive checks; buton the whole, wheat will, we think, advance in price until next spring, After that time much will Ci ge on the then appearance of the crop, the probable extent of the spring ship- ments from the Baltic, and other causes, of which nothing can at present be known. The Grain markets, both in Liverpoo and elsewhere, it will be seen, were on the rise. The London market advanced con- siderably—nearly 2s. per quarter. The remorks which we have made on one or two occa- sions recently, still apply to the Corn market. The present harvest will yield indifferently, and this, combined with the /ailure of the crop on many parts of the Continent, from which, in former years, has been drawn a large portion of the supplies, cannot fail to send the price of “bread stuffs” up to a higher Sire than they have yetseen. The general failure of the potatoe crop is, as we have before stated, one of the primary elements, in this upward tendency of prices. It may be observed, however, that, as re- ards England, the disease in the potatoe, in man) istricts, has nearly disappeared, leaving only a small scab behind, which will not materially injure the properties of that valuable esculent. Letters from ise 4 inform us that the Royal Viceroy has given ordera to the various comitats or counties to lay up stores of provisions and corn ma- gazines, in order to meet the famine anticipated here next year, from the failure of this year’s harvest. We regret to say that even this humane order meets with Spposstinn, from the soi-disant liberal party in several comitats, although ull parties should support a measure so beneficial for the country and the people. Progress of Rallroads in the Werld. (From the London Railway Monitor, Oct. 4.) We cannot but regard railways as a great branch of commerce, standing in regard to our home trade and internal traffic in the same relation as shipping does to our foreign trade. We must, however, most emphatically express the distinction which we make between railways themselves and stock exchange speculation in railway shares—they are two things as far apart as things can be, both in their tenden: cies and utility, The first inquiry on the subject of railways, to afford us the means of forming an ac- curate opinion, not only as to their existing extent and importance, but alsoas to our probable means of carrying those great internal improvements into et- fect in the future, isto know what has been done in the past. The first Site to Parliament for a bill to construct a railway was in 1801,called the Sur- tey Railway, to be constructed between Wands- worth and eae A bill for that undertaking was passed inthe same year. From that time to the end of 1825, acts were obtained for twenty- eight railways, only some of which, however, con- sisting chiefly of short lines in the coal and iron districts for private use, and the Stockton and Dar- lington (extending from Stockton to Whitton Park Colliery), for which the act was obtained in 1823, were carried into execution. The following shows the number of railways for which acts have been obtained, to be constructed in Great Britain, and the amount provided to be raised by those acts for the several works, in each year :— <Am’t empow- owered to be raised as No.of capital and Je as loans. 1 Amit, &e. 2,3 3 ‘total, four hundred and twelve sc’s 3 Compiled from Parliamentary Retw'ns ‘No. No. 637, 1845. ‘The result of which is, that up to the end of the last session, the total number of acts passed was four hundred and twelve, tor the construction of two hundred and seventy-eight railways ; the great- er number of acts being accounted for by the fact, that for some lines several acts have been obtaine in different years, for extensions, deviations, in- crease of capital, &c.,fand that the whole sum em- powered to be raised by these acts, amounts to £154,716,937, which sum may be thus divided :— Amount provided as capital Amount empowered to bo; Total amount from 1801 to °45, incl. £154,716,937 . These undertakings may, however, be usefully di- vided into three eras—first, the period from 1801 to 1826, when railways were only a subject of specula- tive contemplation, and scarcely a reality ; second, from 1826 to the end of 1843, during which period practical effect was first,to any extent, given to those undertakings, and most of which may now be considered as in ‘ull operation ; and, lastly, the years 18344 and 1345, which may justly be termed will in the future history of the country be recognised, as the commencement of a more general and extensive application of the systema. First era, 1001 t0 108 Pacer: Second era, 1826 to 1 . ‘Loans. £1,263,100 oS ode 19 57,387,735 21,658,582 79, Third era, 1844 and 1845,.. 130 55,862,200 s— completed or relinquished, 1901 to 1843... be begun, for 90,309,417 + + 74,407,520 The railways actually Caged: , from 1823, in which year the Stockton and Darlington was open- ed, to the end of 1844, comprise altogether sixty- four lines, of an aggregate length of 2,0694 miles, and have been constructed at an actual cost of 64,- 238,600/ ; being an average of 31,048/ per mile. ‘The tollowing is the order in which these railways have been completed :— Date of Number of Length, Completion. ‘Railways. miles, Cost 1823... 0 . @ £256, 00 ATM 1,780,000 We 185,000 6 175,000 ES} 375,400 6 38,400 27 156 000 7h 11,471,600 78 2,692,200 219 8,405,707 423 17,452,900 395) 10,472 600 6 3,052,800 m2%% 5,586,000 he 2,137,000 Total Gi lines... oe 2,089 64,238,600 —Compiled from Report of the Board of Trade. QOf this 64,238,600/, as_ nearly as we can estimate, the sum of 60,000,000. was expended in the twelve years, beginning January Ist 1833 and ending De- cember 31st 1844; or at the rate of 5,000,000/ annu- ully, The present actual protic of the railway sys- tem, as far as lines have been completed or sanction- ed by Parliament, may be thus stated :— No. Miles. . Railways completed up to 1844, 69 — 2,069%4 £64,238,600 Railways in prog Cris ae 74,407,520 The country in Europe next in importance to Great Britain, as respects the introduction of the railway system, is Belgium, which was the first to adopt a general system to embrace the whole king- dom. This was done by two laws, one of the Ist of 1834, and the other of the 26th of May 1887, and which laws authorized the government to un- dertake their construction. These two laws com- prehended a system of 343 miles in length; and for this act on the part of the government, which must be considered a bold one, when we remember how much the system was then in its infancy, the Belgian people are entirely indebted to the individual opin- ‘ons and determination ot Leopold. The first part that was opened, was the fifteen miles from Brussels to Malines, in May 1835, and which was completed to Antwerp in May 1836. The whole was comple- | ted thus:— Atthe end of 1837. " 1838, “ 1840, ~ 1841, c 1842, ‘ 1843, + 343 And the cost of the whole has been 5,872, /60/, or on an average 17,120 per mile. Some considerable por- tion, however, of the distance is constructed in a single line. The railways now in ess, and con- templated, are to be constructed by private compa- nies, authorised by the government. In France, the first law authorizing a railway was passed in 1823, from St. Etienne to Lyons, a distance of 37 miles, but which was not completely opened until 1832. The next law which was passe: was in 1829, and from that ious | at year up to 1842, various | inst, trout: Ofeabe other lines were sanetioned, in all amounting to 19. Up to the beginning of last year, the railways actu- ally in operation in France were: Number. Length, Capital. miles. £ 19 662 10,276,000 | And there are at this time in the course of con- struction, under grants made between 1842 and 1845, twelve lines, of the aggregate length of 950 miles.— The whole system oF French legislature in 1842, over and above the 552 miles already stated as completed, embraces 2,410 miles of railway, and are estimated to cost 18,6171. per mile, or 44,866,970, of which it is provided that by that act the government shall advance one half, uote undertakers of the several lines the remain- ing half. in Germany, up to the beginning of | miles had been completed, 1,227 miles were in pro- gress, and 1,734 miles had been projected, and are now more or less in progress, mal 4,345 miles. The cost of German lines has been very various, fluctuating from 1,700/ to 30,000/ per railways authorised by the | Price Two Cents. NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 29, 1845. 8000/ for a double line, per mile. At this rate the completed lines, up tolast year, will have cost about | 10, , those now far advanced in pi se will xoeronmne a further sum of 10,000,000/, and those par- tially commenced and projected will cost 13,000,000 more, and, reckoning that one half of the middle class are completed as far as expenditure goes, it may be said that, 15,500,000/ have been invested, and that it will require 13,000,000/ more to complete the entire system as at present determined upon.— These do not include any of the numerous projects which have been made during the present year. | in America, up to 1840, the total number of rail- | way companies incorporated was 176, whose lines | embraced altogether 9,821 miles, of which 3,000 had | been completed at an average cost of 4,800 per mile. By a statement made up toa more recent period (the end of 1844.) we find that 84 lines are opened, em- bracing 3,688 miles, and have been made at the cost | of 17,702,400!. The remaining 5,624 miles, to com- plete the projects of the companies alluded to, part of which are now far advanced, will require a fur- ther sum of 26,995,200/, without including any of the new projects of 1844 and 1845. The following re- sume, therefore, shows the whole amount of capital at present invested in completed railways in actual operation,and that required to complete those in pro- gress, and for which acts of the legislature have been obtained, and exclusive of all the new schemes. Toran Carita trvesrep x Rattwars. stnerage P les, Amount. _per mile. Great Britain. ¢ 61,238,600 £31,048 Belgium 17,120 France, 18,617 Germany, 7,500 Aaerica 4,800 Grand total... ..... 8,650 113,589, 160 13,131 Thus, exclusive of the short lines in Holland, and similar unimportant lines in various countries, showing that the whole completed railways in the world embrace 8,650 miles, made atan aggregate coat of 113,589,160/, and at the rate of 13,131 per mule. Carita Requi TO COMPLETE RarLwars iN Proaress, on AuTHoRIseD ny Law. Miles. Amount. Und a Inder acts obtaine: Great Britain, .... SHB 4.407,820 9 TT Toad nd 18 The concessions of Belgium... ..... ze —) ‘the present year are notineluded. {Including 950 miles a how — constructing, France... ....... 2410 44,066,9702 the whole system authorised by the law of 1812. Germany... . TH. 18,000,000 § Not including any of Do half of 1,227. 613g Ine Prineais: of 1845 ‘i 5,200 § Not including any America 5,624 26,905,200 FN OS ected tata. Total. .......13,92434 164,269,690 Showing that the railways now commenced, or for which legislative acts have been passed, embrace 13,924 miles, the estimated cost of which will be 164,269,690/, without including any of the pro- jects in this country which have yet to go to Parlia- ment, and independent of all the projections in Ame- rica, Belgium and Germany, in 1844 and 1845, many of which are either begun or on the eve of being so. This sum, however, includes all the recent conces- sions in France, and the further concessions ale will be made in accordance with the law of Progress of the Religious Reformation in Continental Europe. We have received from our German cor- respondent the following communication re- lative to the religious agitation in Saxony.— Our readers will probably recollect that immediate- ly after the delivery of the King’s speech upon the opening of the Saxon Chambers it was proposed to form a committee for the consideration of the reli- gious questions which had led to so much excite- ment, as testified especially by the fatal riots at Leipsic. To this committee was also referred the uestion of German Catholicism promulgated by tonge. Upon the latter question, with regard to which the public mind throughout Germany is so deeply affected, the committee have returned a re- port, the main features of which will be found de- scribed in the following paper forwarded to us by our correspondent :— It results from the report made by the select com- mittee ot our Chamber of Deputies, that the latter approves of the temporary regulations which have lately been issued by our ministers concerning the German Catholic ehureh and its members, with the addition, however, of some particular privileges.— The report begins with the following general obser- vations. The movement which has lately taken place in spiritual things, and more especially in those which relate to religion, in the hala of German has been followed by a series of events, which could not but interest every thinking mind, as well as the governments of the various countries in which they occurred. One of the most prominent and also most important of these occurrances is, however, the se- paration ofa considerable number of Catholics from the Koman Catholic church, and the formation of a German Catholic church, the communities of which are continually increasing in various parts of the country. This newchurch is not ony different with regard to reer and church organization from that from which it has Pt itself, but also from all the other churchesand communities of Germany, professing, however, at the same time to be a Chris. tian church. Our governmenthad therefore to keep in view, with regard to the new church and its members, which are now become very numerous in our country, first, the principle of religious liberty, as adupted by the constitution of our State ; and, se- condly, the right and privileges granted to the other Christian congregations; and according to these considerations, the ministershave thought it advisa- ble to decree the followin Harpamry regulations with regard to the German Catholic church and its communities, and which are—l. That in all such places where, in consequence of the great number of German Catholics or otherlocal circumstances, the allocation of a particular place of worship should become necessary, the use of an evangelical church should be permitted to the new community, with the exception, however, of the permission of ring- ing the bells of that church, &c. 2. The doctrines preached by the ministers of the new church must | you liked, Caudle ; and what you've just been doing at Manheim, in the Grand Duchy of Hesse Cassel in Wirtemburgh, it is the one subject which fills and agitates all men’s minds. Wherever M. Ronge, the new Luther, appears, he is received with joy and ac- clamation. The Catholic governments are alarmed and on the alert. M. Ronge has been expelled from Hesse, the Austrian authorities have signified to the Catholic clergy “to be careful not to alienate the people by intolerance or scandalous conduct, lest they should detach themsclves trom the religion of their fathers.” Mrs. Caudie’s Curtain Lecture. Mrs. Caudle, suspecting that Mr, Caudle has made his will, ts “only anxious as a wife” to know tts provisions. “There, [ always said you'd a strong mind when proves it. Some people won’t make a will, because they think they must die directly afterwards. Now, ou’re above that, love, arn’t you! Nonsense ; you now very well what | mean. I know your will’s made, tor Scratherly,told me so. What? You don’t believe it? Well, Pim sure! That’s a pretty thing tor @ man to say to his wife. I Kmow he’s too much a man of business to talk ; but I suppose there’s a way of telling things without speaking them. And when I put the question to him, lawyer as he is, he hadn’t the face to deny it. “To be sure, it can be of po consequence to me whether your will ismade or not. I shallnot be alive, Mr. Caudle, to want any thing. I shall be provid- ed for along time before your will’s of any use.— No, Mr. Caudle; I shan’t survive you: and—though a woman’s wrong to let her affection fora man be known, for then she’s always taken advantage of— though I know it’s foolish and weak to say so, still 1 don’t want to survive you. How should1? No, no ; don’t say that: I am not good for a hundred—I shan’t see you out, and another husband too! What a gross idea, Caudie! To imagine I’d ever think of marrying again. No—never. What? That’s what we all say? Not at all; quite the reverse. To me the very idea of such a thing is horrible, and always was. Yes, 1 know vey well, that some do marry again—but what they’re made of, I’m sure I can’t tal! Ugh! i “There are men, I know, who leave their pro- perty in such a way that their widows, to hold it, must keep widows. Now, if there 1s anything in the world that is mean and small, it isthat. Don‘t ‘ou think 80, too, Caudle? Why don’t you speak, love? That’s so like you! I never want a little uiet rational talk, but you want to go to sleep But you never were like any other man! What? How do Iknow? There now—that’s so like your ag- gravating way. I never open my lips upon the subject, but pyon try to put me off! I’ve no doubt when Miss Prettyman speaks, you can answer her properly enough. There you are, again! Upon my life, it is odd; but I never can in the most inno- cent way mention that person’s name, that— Why can’t I leave her alone? I’m sure—with all my heart! Who wants to talk about her? I don’t; only you always will say something that’s certaln to bring up her name. | “What was I saying, Caudle? Oh, about the way some men bind their widows. To my mind, there is nothing so little. When a man forbids his and tendering him an ample apology. The rent for the week was announced to be $232 6s. 4d. The present 18 an eventful period in the histery of eeland The repealagitation, thegneetings and pro- tests of the ultra Protestant ty, against the late proceedings of the Irish Exegftive, and the tru- ly wonderful railway spirit which §t presentis abroad in that country, presents subjecig worthy the consi- cecation of the statesman, the eiietivoniee and the ristian. O’Connell, the wonder of his apes has, as we be- fore announced, emerged from the solitudes of the wilds of Kerry, and once more entered the arena of litical agitation. Some of the London journals 'tely put forth articles which lead to the conclusion, that the Government had come to the determination of interfering with the doings of the Conciliation Hall gentlemen. This, however, seems highly im- probable ; their last legal crusade against its leaders was so unsuccessful, that nothing but desperate ne- ceasity can alone induce the Premier to commission Smith, Brewster, & Co. to take proceedings. The rent of the repeal association is ve cetyl indi- cating that the ‘‘people” are tired of such rey and constant fleecings. lt resembles the last flicker- ings of the almost consumed candle ; last week it was announced at £600; this week it is only one- third of thatamount. It would require the Liberator to “go circuit” to keep up the funds. In his speech on Monday se’nnight, Mr. O’Connell,speaking upon the Oregon question, said— “ Whuslt America has the canker worm of ni ale very working at her heart’s core—while a remnent of slavery exists in America, she never can be or prospering in war, or able to hold her own egainsta hos- tile nation. There is within her the plague-spot of sla- very, and God forbid that any country should ever be rful, that is tainted with that infernal me occasion, he alluded to the con- government were making to his perty; r, before he had applied the ‘‘ repeal screw” 1 his colleagues. The Premier, whom he designated asthe monarch of England to all mtents was endeavoring to truckle basely with rangemen of Ireland. From this topic he to 's connected with the late State beret | and pu: the the proceed heaping Spee Judges, counsellors, and jury, the abuse for tl e view which they happened to take of the affair. Alluding to the s nations, the Liberator took occasion to criticise rather se- verely some remaiks contained in ‘ Brownson’s Quar- terly Review,” published at Boston, and entered into some details to prove his great anxiety for the abolition of slavery throughout thi irom the “Jefferson Re; marks on the subject in the following lect that this is not the statement of a calumniator, or a li- beller, or foreign emissary, but it is a statement published i darkest hole of slavery, New Orleans itself,— hear.) Let them blame me—let me be execrated them—let their support be taken from Ireland— lavery, I denounce you wherever you are. (Loud cheers.) Come freedom, come oppression to Ireland— let Ireland be as she may, I have my conscience clear before my God. (Continued cheers). I abhor the ty- ranny ofman and its agape brutalizing, torturing practises. users It is not I who calumniate the Americans, Ged calumniated—but the American who writes this document and publishes it. I speak only the words of that writer, and come good or evil, am ‘the enemy of slavery in every form.” Cheers.) Ths meeting of the Re, sociation, on Monday last, was an exceeding] affair. The Liberator was absent—but his place was supplied by his son John, who acted as commander-in-chief upon the occasion. He apolo, tothe “ Times Commissioner” for the at- zmpath received from fo ( b 8 wife to marry in without losing what he leaves —it’s what call selfishness after death. Mean to a degree! It’s like taking his wife into the grave with him. Eh? You never want to dothat? No, I’m sure of that, love; you’re not the man to tie a woman up in that mean manner. A man who’d do that would have his widow burnt with him, if he could—just as those monsters, that call themselves men, do in the Indies. “ However, it’s no matter to me howyou’ve made your will; but it may be to your second wife.— tack he had made un him on the previous Monday, after which he entered into a history of the annexation of Texas, observing that the slave owners in the Southern States had, for their own base purposes of spreading and ring the slave system, and, what was far worse, of slave breeding, annexed Texas, in order, by the addition of a few more Southern States, they might be able to outvote the Northorn, who are opposed toslavery. He also characterized the proceeding as a ‘‘barefaced wrong” and a“ notorious swindle.” Mr. O’Connell was What? J shall never give you a chance? Ha! you don’t know my constitution after all, Caudle. I’m not at all the woman I was. I say nothing about ‘em, but very often you don’t know my feelings — And_as we're on the subject, dearest, I have only one favor to ask. When you marry again—nowit’s no use your saying that. After the comforts you've known of Fen eee are you sighing at, dear? —after the comforts, you must marry again—now don’t forswear yourself in that violent way, taking an oath that you know you must break—you couldn’t help it, I’m sure of it; and I know better than you know yourself. Well, all I ask is, love, because it’s only for your sake, and it would make no difference to me then—how should it ?—but all 1 ask is, don’t marry Miss Prett——There! there! I’ve done; I won’t say another word about it: but all [ ask is, don’t. After the way you’ve been thought of, and and after the comforts you’ve been used to, Caudle she wouldn’t be che wife for you. Of course, t could then have no interest in the matter—you mi marry the Queen of England, for what it would tome then—I’m only anxious about you. Mind, Caudle, I’m not saying anything against her; not at all; but there’s a flightiness in her manner—I dare say, poor thing, she means no harm, and i may be, as the saying is, only her manner after all— sail, there zs a flightiness about her that, atter what you've been used to, would make you very wretch- ed. No, for if I may boast of anything, Caudle it has been my propriety of manner all my life. i know that wives who’re very particular, arn’t thought as well of as those who’re not—still, it is very little to be virtuous, if people don’t seen so.— And virtue, Caudle—no, I’m not going to preach about virtue, for I never do. No; and 1 don’t go about with my virtue, like a child with a drum, ma- king all sorts of noises with it. But I know your principles. I shall never forget what I once heard you say to Prettyman: and it’s no excuse that you’d taken so much wine you did’nt know what you were saying at the time; for wine brings out men’s wickedness just as fire brings out spots of grease.— Vhat did you say? Why you said this—‘Virtue is a beautiful thing in women, when they don’t make so much noise about it; but there’s some women who think virtue was given ’em, as claws were gi- ven to cats’—yes, cats was the word—‘to do nothing but scratch with.’ That’s what you said. You don’t recollect a syllable of it? No, that’s it; when you're in that dreadful state, you recollect nothing; but it’s a good thing I do. “But we won’t talk of that, love—that’s all over: I dare say you meant nothiug. But I’m glad you ht hot militate against the constitution of the State.— 3. The ministers of the new church are permitted to perform in their communities the ceremonies of baptism, marriage and burial, on the condition, how- ever, that a Protestant clergyman be always present on the occasion, but that the latter shall not be oblig- ed to afford his attendance. The committee is of opinion that, considering all the circumstances, and in order that these temporary regulations shall be more effectual, the ministers of the German Catho- lic church ought to be allowed to perform in their communities the ceremonies of baptism, eal and burial, having only to indicate tho same to the resident Protestant divines; and that with respect to marriages, the former should only perform the re- ligious ceremony. The committee points further out the following two opjects for the future considera- tion of the Chambers and the ministers, viz :—first, whether the members of the new Church will have to continue to pay in the meantime church rate to the Roman Catholicchurch? secondly, whether they will continue to enjoy the same rights and privileges as before the separation? ‘The committee also approved of the proposal of the government to allow all the new Catholics to maintain for the present their political and munici- pal rights. This analysis will show that the legisla- ture and the government of Saxony attach conside- rable importance to the religious movement in Ger- many, and that a spirit of concession is already ma- nifested by them on certain points which have hith- erto given rise to much discontent. Our German Catholic church in Schueidemuhl will shortly be under roof, and we most heartily h that the reformation festival, the firet held un- | der the new impulse, which is to be sol i | itm the middle of Gotober next; mer oma tines ‘tober next, may assemble here all those valiant champions who were raised by the ery for help, which once went forth from this lit- tle place in order that they may thus receive the thanks of the liberated, and that they behold the first erected German Catholic place of worship | which is destined to consecrate to future genera- | | | | | t year, 1,384 | tell us that the new reformation in German | | ing a total of | daily increasing. A converted priest has | d | tions their heroic achievements. The leader, Ronge,arrived at Frankfort on the 4th amidst the acclamations of an immense crowd. The German reformed church was placed at his disposal. At Offenburg he was obliged to celebrate service in the open air. It is as- serted here thatthe Senate of the city has refused to forbid Ronge preaching in public—such a prohi- bition having been made, it is said, without effect, by the president of the Germanic Diet, Count Munch Bellinghausen, who is still here. ‘The ministerial journal, the Epoque, formerly the Globe, states that M. Ronge having intimated his intention of visiting France, received a communi- cation through the French Charge d’Affaires, that he might travel in France wit individual, but would not be allowed to celebrate worship accord- ing to the forms of German Catholicism. ‘To sum up the whole matter, the latest accounts r Ly spreading rapidly. The Gazette of Elbersteld tates that the conversion of Roman Catholic priests is en cho- sen pastorat Saarbruck. At Breslau, in Silesia, a most important meeting had been held to discuss mile ; but the neareetestimate which has been made | the new movement, at which deputies attended from an to the average cost, is 7,000 for @ single line, and | more than 40 Silesian communities. At Frankf fort, agree with me, that the man who’d tie up his widow not to marry again, is amean man. It makes me happy that you’ve that confidence in me to say that. You never said it? That’s nothing to do with it— you’ve just as good as said it. when a man leaves all his property to his wife without binding her hands from marrying agaia, he shows what a dependence he has upon her love. He proves to all the world what a wife she’s been to him; and how, after his death, he knows she’ll grieve tor him — And then, of course, a second marriage never enters her head. But when she only keeps his money so long as she keeps a widow, why she’s aggravated to take another husband. I’m sure of it, many a poor woman has been driven into wedlock again, only be- cause she was spited into it by her husband’s will — It’s only natural to se it. If I thought, Caudle, you could do such a thing, though it would break my heart to do it—yet, though you were dead and gone, I’d show you Tda spirit, and marry again di- rectly. Not but what it’s ridiculous my talking in such a way, as I shall go long before you; still, mark my words, and don’t provoke me with any will of that sort, or I’d do it—as I’m a living woman in this bed, I’d do it.” “F did not contradict her,” says Caudle, “but suf- fered her to sleep in such assurance.” ireland. Youne IRELAND anp Oxo IRELAND.—These two sections of the Repealers are likely soon to be at jagger-drawing. The Nation, of Saturday, outra- geous at the prospect of a new paper, founded ex- presely to oppose itself, has a fierce denunciation of certain repealers, whom it accuses of pitiful hypocrisy, in their pretended mourning for the late taken to task by a person sitting in the body of the hall, who told the Konbrable and learned gentleman that he was better (eee te with the States than he, Mr- O'Connell, could be. He said that the object of annex- ing Texas was not for the purpose of promoting slavery, but to prevent England from ever having the power of making a successful attack upon American inde) nce ‘The rent was announced at £232 6s. 4d. France. The interest of the news centres in the accounts from Algiers and ele Abd-el-Kader, who seems determined to struggle while he can wielda sword for the independence of his native land, has alrea- dy proved a sore scourge to France. Nothit but the hand of death, it seems, can subdue the indom- itable perseverance ot the fiery, high-souled Arab. ‘The fruits of the French expedition to Morocco list year may now be seen in the destruction of the l'reneh force at Diemira-Ghezona, amounting to 450 men. Tne commanding officer was inveigled from tis post on the frontiers of Morocco, and cut to pieces. Only fourteen escaped. Flushed with this triumph, the successful Abd-el Kader rushed at higher je—attacked General Caraignac, at the tead of a considerable force, and, although repule- ed, succeeded in making the enemy feel the weight of his prowess. fi This disaster has produced much depression, and nota little anger, in France. The King, espec a is annoyed atit; and the government, it is said, are now resolved to hunt the Arab lead +r from the face of theearth. Twelve thousand men, or six regi- ments of troops, are to be instantly despatched to Algiers. Bugeaud is ordered to rejoin the army and preparations are making on a large seale for carry- ing “the pride, pomp and circumstance of glorious war” into the heart of the country. But what will ius avail? The climate will continue to mow down tie invaders, if the natives cannot. The desert will offord ahome for the hardy recusants. Abd-el-Ka- cer, as heretofore, will escape pursuit, and ever and anon will‘ drop down” upon the Frenchmen when they least expect it, Africa, in short, will prove the grave of Louis Philippe’s troops—the mausoleum, it may be, of his dynasty. . ask This unfortunate French colony in Africa is one { the legacies which Louis Philippe received with his throne. It hasbeen kept up and sustained from i desire to flatter the national pride, rather irom any conviction of its relative value as an ap- pendage to France. The Paris Constitutionnel, says the “medical men of France have ordered to Algiers perscns afflicted vith pulmonary diseases. The Minister of War has lirected a scientific commission to proceed to that country to examine whether it might not be advisa- ule to establish at Algiers a military hospital for sol- diers so affected.” A report was current that an expedition was to be despatched against Madagascar, under command of the Prince de Joinville. Spain. Our accounts from Madrid are of the 2d inat. The Progressitas were in active preparation for the aj proaching municipal elections. The Gazette lighes a royal decree for the formation of a squadron of cavalry to be called the squadron of Majorca, to be permanently stationed in that island. crials of Senors Cortina, Munoz, and other mem- bers of the Cortez, accused by the administration of Gonzales Bravo of having been implicated in the insurrection at Alicant, commenced on the Ist inst., and were expected to terminate in their acquittal. wo sergeants were shot on the 26th ult. at Madrid or an imputed participation in the late military con- -piracy in that city. The Madrid Gazette publishes the text of a treaty t peace concluded between Spain and the Republic ot Chili. A full and complete amnesty is granted to ill Spaniards and Chilians who may have faken part in any of the late dissensions hetween the two countries, and the eos font eager ot the Republic of Chili is fully recognised by the Queen of Spain. The negotiation with the See of Rome was progreesing, though slowly. A courier had been despatel trom Madnid with the reply of the Government tothe last demands of the Papal Court, and with a decla- ration of its wish to see the questions in dispute brought to an issue. r. Davies, and threatens terrible exposures. The new paper is to be under the direction of Mr. Barrett, | of the Pilot, ot whom, and his paper, the editor of the | Nation spenks in these terms: ‘* The Most Rev. Dr. Crolly. A diabolical libel has appeared in the Pilot | newspaper, stating broadly, that this illustrious Pre- late is insane ! and forging a chain of cireumstan- | tal evidence, in which there is not one solitary | word of truth. The infamy of this fabrication is | heightened by the fact, known to all men who have | watched the course of that abandoned journal —that | the lie was systematically invented, and propagate for temporary factious purposes. Beyond doubt, it was calculated, with nice inquiry, what propor- | tion of the people might be deluded by such a sian- der; and the chances of impunity were weighed as @ poisoner or a stabber weighs them, before he alls | upon his victim. [Here follows allusions to the for- mer career of Mr. Barrett, which, being rather libel- lous, we omit.} It is scarcely necessary to say, that at the very period at which the slander was written, Dr. Crolly was here, in Dublin, engaged in ecclesi- astical business, and in hie usual health and spirits | Rare prospects of union amongst the repealers! Repgan AssociaTion.—At the weekly meeting, ‘on Monday, the 6th instant, the proceeding of most importance was the reading, by John O’Connel, of a letter trom Thomas Campbell Foster, (the Times commissioner, } denying the beige and totally disclaiming al knowledge of, and all connexion with, the letter previously read in Concili:tion Hall and attributed to him; and the retraction on the part of J. O'Connell of all the observations he had made respecting Mr. Foster in connexion with that letter, | very important changes 1 | would seem, is to add to the power ‘The Gazette of the Wth ultimo contains a decree c r Pidal, announcing some See erpitnani colages 14 ti universities, an order: the principle of which. it is Ua Racists qv ompanies of the infant ve been sup- sesaed byet order from the war office. The pro- gressista party have lately held a meeting in order to making arrangements for taking an active part in the approaching municipal elections. Twelve men, who were sentenced to death by a ed by the new system, | court martial for spears Nae suffered the extreme penalty of the law. On the 26th nit. the execution of a bandit called Pedro Vinals, took place It appears he for a long time been the terror ot at Gerona | the province, and when hardly d had made his escape into France, but was delivered up by the au- thorities in virtue of existing treaties. After his con- viction he contessed that during his short career,for he was only thirty-four years of age, he had murder- ed nine persons and wounded many more. He had joined the Carlists at the age of fourteen. ween or Spain.—The Madrid coon pant beyond N ‘doubt the fact that the French court is carrying the matter triumphantly throegh The Duke de Rianzares has returned to Madrid from Paris, where, with M. Donozo Cortes, he ‘went to arrange the marriage question with Louis Philippe in person. The Augsburg Gazette states that the Cabinet of Vienna had given in its adhesion to the marriage of Prince Ferdinand of Saxe Co- burg with the Queen of Spain, and that the object