The New York Herald Newspaper, October 9, 1845, Page 1

THE NEW YORK HERALD. Vol. X1., No. 258—Whole No. 4140. NEW YORK, THURSDAY MORNI NG, OCTOBE R 9, 1845. Price Two Cents. Oregon Territory. Liynran, Oregon Territory, 1844. Magnificent Falls—Spotted Lizards—Naked Snake Indians—Three Salmon for a Fish-hook—Indian Honesty—Fording Snake River—Salmon killed by @ Wagon Wheel—Great Boiling Spring—Fort Baize, &c. Jauzs G. Benverr, Esq.: Dear Siz: On the morning of the 3let August we crossed the Partaith agaia, by fording, which we found safe. This river, at this ford, is abeut fifty yards wide, a clear, beautiful, rapid stream, running over a pebbly bed. Our course now lay down Snake river; and the difficulties ahead we could only anticipate. This day we came twelve miles down Snake river, road, wood, water, and range fine. September 1—We came fourteen miles over a bad road, steep gulleys, and rocky creeks, and large quantities of rock on the surface of the plain. Range good. Sept. 2—We came 23 miles, over an excellent road. Range and water fine, and sedge for fuel. This sedge makes a very pleasant fre to sit by, but does not do so well as wood for cooking, but is still an excellent substitute for wood. On yesterday we passed many beautiful cascades and waterfalls in Snake river. Sept 3— Came 18 miles and encamped on Snake river; range, wood and water fine, and road good. Sept. 4— Cume twenty miles over good road, except the sedge and dust, and encamped on Rock creek; water good, but range and wood inferior. Sept. 56—Came twelve mites down Bock creek, and encamped on its bank. To-day we passed through a good deal of sedge and over some rocky road. This Snake river, and the streams running into it, are very peculiar. Froma point, a few miles below Fort Hall, until you get to the Sulmon Fulls, 150 miles below the Fort, the ri- ver has a very deep narrow channel, which in many laces is cut through the rock, leaving perpendicu- lar walls of rock on each side in places several hun- dred feet high. In other places, the channel is hemmed in by very tall banks of sand, running peal with the river, and coming up to its very riuk. The banks of this river are several hundred feet high; and when you ascend the banks, yqu see a wide level plam, running from the river bank back to the mountains, sometimes ten, and some- times two miles off. ‘Through this wide plain our road lay, and we would frequently not see the river for several days. This wide plain is, in some places, very thickly covered with sedge ; and where the sedge grows, the «i is loose and sandy, and the dust very oppressiv. In other places, the sur- face of the piain, for miles, 18 covered with small rock, over which a wagon can pass, but which is very laborious to the oxen, and hurts their feet. In many places, again, this plain is firm and smooth, covered with a few scattering bunches of sedge, and producing the bunch grass. Tlas is a very pe- culiar grass, and is found on the poor sand-hills and lains trem this to the valleys, on the Co- umbia. It looks as though it were entirely dead, and had no strength or nutriment in it; but it is, perhaps, the finest grass for stock in the world. It grows green in the spring, and when the summer heat comes on, it dries up, and there being no rain, it is like made hay,and is equal- ly ood. here this grass is found the soil is gen- erally dry and sandy. In the fall the slight rains they have make it put forth green. I forgot to men- tion that while we were at Fort Hall it rained gently on three different days; and there fell, altogether, rain sufficient to wet the ground about two inches deep on the surface. Mr. Grant said this was more rain than he had seen fall for a great while. This Rock creek, upon the banks of which we encamped on September Oth, is so called from the fact that it has a deep and generally a narrow channel, cut through the rock, so that there are but few places where you can cross it. We found a rises, where we made quite a passable road, by rolling away the loose rock. Inge, wood and water good. Sept. 6—Came over an excellent road 20 miles, except heavy bodies of sedge, cross- ed no streams, and encamped about one-third of a mile from Snake river, after descending the bluffs, et mpood point, which was safe and easy. Range goo, and sedge for fuel; water we carried from the river, Sept. 7.—Came ten miles to the Salmon Falls, and bad some hilly roads, but none impassa- ble, and which could have been easily avoided, had we known the way. We this day passed a large spring, on the opposite side of the river, a few miles ove the Salmon Falls,furnishing water enough for alarge creek, which fell perpendicularly over a wall of basaltic rock, two hundred feet high, forming a most beautiful scene on the river. I this day saw for the first time, the spotted lizard, and the most beau- tiful of the species—body and tail covered with scales, similar to those of the rattle snake, and spot- ted with dark brown and white spots, the size of a The body was about five inches, and the tail abouteightinches ie verge like the green striped haard in the United States, but twice as large. At the Salmon Falis,“we tound some dozen lodges of Suake Indians, almost naked, but as fat as beeves. Of them we purchased salmon, mostly dry, and gave in exchange powder and ball, and clothes. For one dried ealmon, we gave one load ot powder and one ball. For a fish hook, they would give us three salmon, and for an old coat, as Many as ih wanted. They were exceedingly anxious to buy clothes of all kinds. These Indians were exceediugly friendly and honest. We never lost any thing while in the Snake country. The day before we reached the Salmon Falls, I left one o1 my oxen some four miles behind. Next morning, one of these Indians came driving him inte camp, for which I suitably rewarded him. It seem- ed to afford him great satisfaction. They were ex- ceedingly liberal with their salmon; and when we made them small presents, they would offer us salmon, and insist upon our taking them. These Indians make a business of fishing here, as this is the highest point on Snake river where salmon can be taken, although, a tew have been seen some high er up the river. “They take immense numbers ot salmon here, which they cut into thin slices and dry in the shade. All the emigrants obtained’ as much as they needed, and then left the supply ample. We here eat the first fresh salmon; which, to use aterm common on the road, was not hard to swallow It was too late in the season, and the salmon were poor, but were still delicious. These falls are about eight feet perpendicular, with large rit- fles below. The salmon taken here weigh gen- erally about twenty pounds. Sept. 8.—We this morning ascended from the river up the bank te the wide plain, and travelled about fifteen miles and en- camped on the blufls of the river, carrying our wa- ter up a steep bluff bank, half a mile. Range bad, and sedge for fuel, and bad road. Sept. 9.--Came twelve miles to the crossing on Snake river, through much sedge in places, and descended a very high bluff to get to the river. The descent was long and steep, but the hill was so sandy as to be entirely sate, with careful driving. Range good, and willows tor fuel. Sept. 10.—Crossed Snake river, here half « mile wide, by tording. The mode ot crossing, which was originated ty Dr. Whitman, was this :— We selected the stronzest,most manageable oxjteam to go befere. Before the front yoke of oxen, was hitched a single horse, gentle, and that would pull steadily. This jiorse was led Y an In- dian on horseback, who knew the ford. The next wagon followed in the rear of this one, with the foremost yoke of oxen fastened with a chain passing through the ring of the ox yoke to the hinder part of the front wagon. Seven or eight wagons and teams were thus all fastened together in one line. On each side of the teams were men on horse- back with ox whips, to keep np the hindmost teams In this way we d the river, with our loaded wagons and our fam in them, a and expe- ditiously. The bed of the river was pebbly, and the water about from three to four feet deep—in some iene it ran into the wagon beds a little, but we jad ourtbaggage propped up on the inside. In crossing the river a large salmon, weighing twenty- three pounds, was killed by the wagon wheel passing over its body, and was taken out by » Ephraim Ford, who was immediately be- hind the wagon, and saw the on rise to the top of the water. The wheel passed over it just be- hind the eyes, crushing.its head. Sent. 12—Came about eight miles, ascending a large hill; road passa- ble and range and wood fine. On the 13th we came eight miles over very pussable roads,and on the 14th we came eleven miles, passing the boiling spring, « great natural cnriosity. On the nightbetore we Find encamped on the branch formed by this spring; ana we observed that the water had not only a peculiar taste but was not so cool as the water we generally found in the streams. The water of this spring is hot enough to scald a hog or cook an egg, and runs out at three diflerent apertures, all within 4 tew feet of each other. It rises at the head of a small valley about halt a mile froma high range of hills, covered with basultic rock, and the plains around are cover- ed with round rock, of the same kind ‘This spring ieee a lure branch, which runs off smoking and fowuming—the water is quite clear. The grass below this is said to be green all winter, o quence of the warmth of the spring. Today we passed over very rocky road. the 17th ot Sep- tember, we reached Baise river, having passed over some hilly and rocky road from the Boiling Spring. | {nss was going on, Tlanded safe and sound at the The Hing has been very passable since we left the | Willamette, 15th of November, wearied and other side of Snake river. Buise river is a most , starved out, but there is plenty to eat and drink. beautiful stream, lined with cotton wood and wil- | As soon as I landed the people gathered around me, lows, and affording fine range for our teams. I quizzing me with how do you do? how goes raw about twenty yards wide, clear, running over a | hide? yeu have seen hard times? But says I, all is pebbly bed, has numerous ripples in it and ford- | right, allis well, not a day’s sickness have I seen able at almost every point, and affords the finest , with all my hardships and privations. I have rested salmon trout we have seen any where. This | here about two weeks, and gained two pounds per fish reeembles the salmon in form, and is nearly | day. This place is Oregon City; has been built up | as large, weighing about fifteen pounds. It may | this and Inst year; the greatest water power in the be re: ily distinguished from the salmon by its | world; the falls are about twenty-five feet; solid rock head and the small spots on its body. The Indians | acrose the Willamette river; two saw mills, two spear them in great numbers, and we purchased of | flouring mills erected and now in full Gprrations wa- them what we wanted. From this to Fort Baise the | ter power enough to run a thousand mills and facto- road is good, { may say first rate. This stream de- scends so rapidly, that it is one continued ripple, without, however, any abrupt falls. On the 20th September we arrived at Fort Baise, which, like all the forts we have passed, (save Fort Bridge which is no Fort at all,) 18 built of dobies. This Fort we found under the charge of Mr Payette, a large port- | ly gentleman of French extraction, and who speaks very bad English. Here we found some fine cattle, | and gana exchanges were made by our emigrants, | iving two poor for one fat animal. Mr. P. had on nd & goo supply of butter, which he sold us at 25 cents per pound. On the 2ist Sept. we recrossed Snake river in the same way we crossed it. The ford was perhaps six inches deeper than the first crossing, but was entirely safe. From this point to the Utilla ri- ver the road is more difficult than any where else on the whole route,and there is no opportunity of procur- ing provisions short of Dr. Whitman’s at any point on the route we came. But the route we came will never be travelled again by emigrants farther than the Utilla river; as Dr. Whitman’s and Walla Walla are too high up the Columbia, and from fifty | to one hundred miles out of the way. It is now | supposed that a new and good route can be found in a straight direction from Fort Baise to the Dalles, making the distance much less. It is also said that a route direct from Fort Baise to the Wallamette valley, entirely penn for wagons, can be found ; and Mr. Jarvey, an old resident and trapper | of this country, has already been employed to point | out the letter route, and will start, in company with several other gentlemen, in June next. this latter route can be made practicable, (and Mr. Thomas McKay says he has passed it several tunes, and that it can easily he made passable for wagons,) then the distance to Vaneeuver, from Fort Baise, will be shortened about one hundred and fifty miles, and wagons can be driven all the way. But if neither of these routes should be found practicable for wagons, one thing is certain—emigrants can follow our trail to the Utila river, where they can turn to the left, pearing down that river to the Columbia, along a etter road than the route by Walla Walla. Persons who are at all scarce of provisions, when they reach the Salmon Falls, had better secure a good supply of dried salmon. Mr. Payette had plenty of dried salmon at 10 cents per pound, but our emigrants re- fused to purchase, as they considered the price op- pressive. The dried salmon we got at the Falls Cost us about one cent per pound. Your friend, Perer H. Burnetr. Witamerte Fats, Oregon Ter’y, June 10, 1845. Tam safely in Oregon, my health is good, and am doing well. I stariedfrom St. Louis, May 25, 1843, and went 500 miles to West Port ; here I stopped a week until the emigrants all arrived, when we put out mearnest for Oregon. Our company consisted ef about 1,000 souls, men, women and children; be- sides, we made a display in waggons, oxen, horses, mules, cows, &c. We travelled about 15 or 20 miles per day ; the first ferrying place we tound was Cow | river ; here all our trumpery had to be ferried over, | the contents of over 100 wagons ; some of our way lay across barriers, prairies, and some covered with grass, but all extensive; many large streams and rivers. Platte river was’our next ferrying place, and we had to build our own ferry boats, which we did trom ,buffulo hides; our cattle swam across; this was accomplished on the 4th July; here we saw immense herds of buffilo—thousands and thousands—running and bellowing over the plains, which are ea nae pee tohold many ot them; their flesh is good food and needs no bread with it; I had the satisfaction of killing one myself, they are very large, and savage enough when firs! wounded, but soon grow more docile. Next stream we came to was the north fork of the Platte river at Fort Larame, owned by the American Fur Compa- ny. Here we rested three days; we have to travel on this river about two hundred miles; there is no nics of all kinds; al! new buildings in this town; plenty of lumber of the finest quality; a number of , dwellings erected; clothing and other necessaries of life can now be procured; no shoes and boots since last fall; none until now; I wore moccasins all the last year; the rainy season sets in about the 15th of No- vember, and continues until the last of January. February a clear and beavtiful month, warm and leasant, strawberry blossoms out, grass green— reen all the year round; very little frost now; a lit- e snow, which melts as it falls. There has been but very little sickness here this winter after the exposures of the party ; the mocca- sins we wore were made by the natives in fine style; are pleasant in summer, but unpleasant in winter ; we wear buckskin pantaloons and leather hunting shirts ; I have travelled more in Oregon than any other of our company ; the Willamette Valley is rich and extensive, with large prairies, with borders | of the finest timber I will say in the world ; fur, ash, oak, memel, lynn, cotton wood, well wood, white, yellow, and red fur, from 250 to 400 feet high; nine or ten saw logs of 15 feet, and 13 or 14 rail cuts, off one tree ; great quantities cedars; clunate neither hot nor cold ; very even temperature ; berries in | abundance of many kinds—straw, black, rasp,whor- tle, goose, and others you know Baling: of; tame fruit will soon be plenty ; game of all kinds, from bears down to mice ; elks and wild horses in abun- dance, running over the prairies like buffaloes ; you can buy them for five or six dollars a head; take them as they run; they are caught with a rope as the Spaniards catch wild cattle; tame cattle are very deer ; a cow $40, yoke of oxen $100, pair of tame horses $15 to $40. The rivers abot with salmon; the Indians fish constantly, and sell to whites for 10to 12cents apiece. Salmon trout are plenty ; oysters, clams, and other shel. fish on the coast in abundance. Wheat yields trom twenty-five to thirty bushels per acre; potatoes from three to five hundred; oats and peas thirty; corn has not yet been tried to perfection; garden vegetables of all kinds do well; men’s wages from $3 to $4 per day; wheat, $1 per bushel; potatoes, 624 cents; peas, #1: oats, 70 cents; corn, $1; clothing and goods of ull kiads cheap, being imported by the Hudson Bay Company free of duty. Ships sail up the Columbia river to Vancau- ver and discharge their cargoes, and take in beef, pork, potatoes, &c., for the Sandwich Islands and Russian possessions. Great quantities of fur is ship- ped to England. From fourteen to eighteen days’ sail to the Sandwihe Islands; these Islands afford molasses, sugar, spices and fruits of various kinds. Sixty to peventy SON sail to China; six days to California; five hundred mules they tell me it is set- tleable; all the way I have come down the coast on Cape Disappointment, got oysters, clams; and cross- ed the Bay in an Indian canoe, six miles across; it Foreign Extracts. A Day in Spaty.—A correspondent of the London | Times gives the following sketch of Sunday royal amusements ; September 7.—To-dav being Sunday, at noon the Queen of Spain, accompanied by her mother, sister | | and royal guests, went to the Cathedral, where Pontifical mass was performed by the Bisnop of Pampeluna. On quitting church, old Queen and roung Queen, Infanta and Duchess, the Danke de Nemours and Duke d’Aumale, hastened to the am- phitheatre, where the Duchess de Nemours herself gave the signals for the beginning ef the sport. The e Y | first two bulls were weak and smal ; people said | ries; five stores, two blacksmith shops, and mecha- | that the race was degenerating, that the number ot bull ee _was exhausting the supply, and that only | animals of too tender age were to be procured. How- ever the third was better ; he killed several horses, and severely wounded a picador. Four men carried | the poor fellow out, people vociferating, ‘* Fuera el | picador !”” “Fuero el caballo !”” “Otros !”? “Otros !”” ( Away with the picador!” “ Away with the horse!” “ Others!” “Others!”") The fourth bull | killed six horses, three on the spot. ‘That bull ‘ood lancets,” cried an amateur by my side. The fth fought well, yet the people called for the dogs, and not the mob merely, but respectable Upre. persons in the boxes. Women and children joine In the furious shout,in obedience to which four large mastifis were let loose. Two of them seized the bull by the ears and pinned him to the ground,while the others were gnawing at his legs and sides. This lasted some minutes, when the poor animal was ham-strung by a weapon with a long handle, called a half moon, and at length killed with aknife. To the sixth, the banderillas de fuego (fiery darts) were applied, and the miserable bull was at length slain with torments that would have conterred the crown of martyrdom on the departure of a saint. The pi- cadors, taureadors, and banderilleros exerted them- selves to the utmost; two of the former were seri ously hurt, and so many horses were slain that only one picador out of five made his appearance when a } seventh bull was introduced. ‘The latter bulls were ssangee and fiercer than the others ; they were at | least five, perhaps six years old. y : The Duke de Nemours, in approbation of the | skill of Monts in Friday’s combat, sent him a pres- | ent of a costly ring, and also presented a brooch to | a young picador who distinguished himself on the same occasion. La Premera Espada de Espana, as Montes is called, has promised, in return, to send his Royal Highness a splendid Andalusian majo dress. “These rewards, no doubt, stmulated the exertions of the gladiators to-day. dl On leaving this abominable scene, I found in the street one of the miserable horses staggering in a pool of blood and water, having Sapna quantity of entrails hanging out than | could have supposed that his rae td carcass could contain. ‘This scene highly amused the mob, who testified their glee by laughter, shouts, and jokes. A Frenchman once gave bitter offence to the Spaniards by observing that Africa began with the Pyrenees; now that his own Princess have given their deliberate sanction to the debasing barbarities of the bull-fight, he must be prepared to allow us to draw the line of barbarism further north. Among the recent arrivals here is the Queen- Mother’s husband, Munoz. Apartments had been prepared for him in the house of Senor Carriquiri, but General Pavia, Captain-General of Navarre, in- sisted on receiving the man whom Christina de- 1s called Baker’s Bay; five of us and one Indian went across, we saw three whales between us and the shore. The Columbia is a large and beautiful river; tide ebbs and flows at Voncquver, thirty miles from this; there are two large ships laying at Voncwuver now, and one in the Willamette river, six miles from this town; she is a Yankee vesse trom Newburyport, Mass. Astoria is twelve miles up from the mouth of Columbia river; this is where John Jacob Astor erected a trading house; it will become a place of great business. The shore of Columbia river is broken and heavily timbered. Lumber at the Sandwich Islands is very high and in to demand; we can supply the whole continent. ‘e have a large French settlement in the Territory, and the Frenchmen have squaws for wives, as do also some Americans. Plenty of half- breeds, both men and women. They have plenty of hogs and cattle, &e. There are also no lack of In- dians,male or female—thousands of them,all through this region, mestly very poor, some naked, some slothed. As forthe Missionaries, I would advise their recall; we do not think they are of any use o1 benefit to the [adians—they are great at speculating out of the Indians, buying what they get at avery low prices. Where you see Missionaries, you see bad Indians, no Missionaries, good Indians. These wood, have to burn Buffalo chips—here we come,to the black hills, the road has been good after we passed the black hills; then comes the Rocky Moun- tains—good road and plenty of good, cold water, and grass and game in abundance. The next place is Fort Bridge, a good fort—this country contains savage Indians always at war with the whites and with each other; they are,the Pawnees,Caws,Sioux, Sheans, Crows, Blackfeet, Pursees, and F atheads The next place we come to is Fort Hall, belonging to the Hudson Bay Co.,a large fort and does a large business. Here we all rested a week, killed cattie, and aid in a quantity of Butfalo meat and afew things out of the fort; flour is worth 25 cts a pint, and everything else very dear; in these forts 30 of us lett company and packed through to Willamette ; we travelled about 5 days and got divided, and 15 of us got lost in the mountains ; it was very cold on the top of thoee high kmobs; thas was September 6th, and here we wandered around over these mountains and feil in with a gang of wild Indians, very hostile, they were not numerous, in a state of nature, very wor and naked, men, women and children. The 5th day we tound ourselves on Snake river; tor5 days we expected to perish with cold and starvation; trom Snake river we procured plenty of salmon, which went first rate. The next place we came to was Fort Busher, this also belongs to the H. B Com pany; large fort; does an extensive business. Snake Indians on Snake river; 170 miles to Walla Walla; here is a Miasionary stand by Dr. Whitman’s, a mis- sionary ; he has a small farm, hogs, cattle and horses; a wife, but no children ; fort at Walla Wai la owned by H. B. Company on Columbia river; we go down this river ail the way, 120 miles to Perkins, (MethodisMission. ) Indians all the way on thir fiver, very poor, and mean, steal every thing they can lay their hands on, such as horses ; they stole my hunting shirt and cap from under my head when I was asleep at night; it made me wrathy; I went next morning amongst them in the camps, but I coulc not find my things; 2 good many of the men got robbed of everything ; wherever there are missionaries look” out for bad Indians; I am sorry to say it but it is so; bad roads,very sandy, good grass, some good land and some very poor on the Columbia river; about three days travel from Walla Walla, ey come in sight of Mount Hood, always covered with snow like the Cascade moun- tains; from the mission several people went by water, twenty-three died of the men, women anv children on the journey; some of them were drown ed. Wagons came no further than the foot of the Cascade mountains, one hundred and twenty miles to the Walla’s falls, and eighty miles to Voncuver; he majority of the people left their wagons ther and went by water; some got large boats and took their wagons around to Vanceuver. 15th Oct.—1 went back to help some families down—it was very cold up in the mountains. Ist Nov.—Columbia river runs through the mountains, (large falls here,) » very dangerous place; we got out of provisions; the wind bfew so hard we had to lay by hemmed up by rivers six or seven days; at night on the seventh day we got across, eight of us starved for six days; we ate an old beef’s hide with the hair on; next morn: ing three of us young men sat out on foot tor Van- ccuver and left the boat and the families—distancr thirty-five mlles; waded tne streams, climbed higi and low, and by night reached Vancasuver; we wer: gaunt looking iellows—here was plenty to eat, pro visions Were sent to the boat immediately; she go! relief frem starvation—you will, I expect, se: our adventures in print; it will be sent t 3t. Louis, and be printed. I have gone a good man) Jays without eating, and got used to it; I have lived a week on a deer’s shin bone; we stood guarc trom Caw river to Fort Hall, distance about 2000 Oxen, cows and horses got to Oregon safe; a few of them gave out on the road ; the Indians have any quantity of horses, for which you can exchange,anc always have fresh horses ; it is a journey to try men’s souls ; fatigues and exposures ; great Indian: dogging on our trail; stand guard rain or shine ; women scolding their husbands and quarrelling amongst themselves ; children crying ; men swe: ing or laughing ; joking or telling hunting storie: some bragging about shooting ; some trying to spark the girls ; human nature in wah variety ; the curs osities were many you may well think on Bear Ki ver; in the Rocky Mountains are not boiling springt hike boiling water, and soda springs of the pures kind, and of the best of drinks, foams up like a boii ing pot. Here isa vaet salt lake, containing a num ber of square mi game of all kinds abound,suct Ik, bear, &e.; a burning mountain. I musi tee something of myselt; I was appointea sheriff in the emigration; we held our. trials at night; we had our ‘juries and lawyers ‘ ; in companies like this there always will be some Green ‘horns, and they had no peace night or day, ‘as something of a wild boy, | be- w me, if any lieve; every one in the emigration kne men are a hengaty, proud set, and care for nothing but themselves. Had it not been for the Hudson Bay Company we must have suffered, although the Mis- sionaries had plenty. Dr. McLaughlin, the chief factor of the Hudson Bay Company, has been a father to this emigration; like the good Samaritan, he has fed the hungry, clothed the naked, and min istered to all our wants; he isa very rich man; his kindness will be long remembered. i One thing is lacking in this country, and that is girls—not over a dozen in this country. Oh, how old maids would glory here. 1do notsee a white woman once ina month. All the young men keep bachelors hall. I have got me a fine claim, one mile square, two mill sites on it, best of timberall around it. Iwish brother James was here: his business (wagon-making) would be good. I wish you were all out here. Come, and come by water; and bring me somethingffor a wife. This 1s bound to be as fine a country as any part of the Union. As for me, I have now settled down. Ican go no further West—I have actually stepped one foot beyond, into the ocean. I have bought a town lot in Astoria, and expect to get half a dozen more. They are low now. Ican talk some Indian and some French. There is a party of men going over the mountains, which will carry my letter to Missonri. 1 want you o answer it, if youcan. Give my love to all in- quiring frends. I am as happy as a coon in a corn neld—am not home sick, have plenty of triends, see good times, and enjoy myselt well. Saw’L. Cuase. Professor Bush on Swedenborgians. Mr. Bennetr— Sm,—The report of my last evening’s Lecture on the * Relation ot Mesmerism to the doctrines of swedenborg, which appears in to-day’s Herald, ss far as it is intelligtble at all, gives such an entirely distorted view of the drift of my remarks, that some of my friends, members of the N. J. Church, are exceedingly pained by it; especially when they find me represented as saying that ‘the claim ot Swedenborg was, that through the phenomena ot Mesmerism he was abe to hold communion with the spirits of another world, and inform himselt upon their state and mode of existence.” So far trom having uttered anything like this, I asserted jirectly the reverse, to wit—That Swedenborg’s psychological state im his converse with spirits was enurely of another nature, and identical with that tthe ancient prophets under ithe illape: ot the Holy Ghost. I was moreover extremely careful sv to present the subject as to guard against the impres- sion that the doctrinal views of the New Church ‘ow in the least degree dependant upon, or cominit- ted by, the asserted facts of Mesmerism. In ward- ng off this {impression from my audience, | think | was entirely successful, with perhaps the single ex- ception of your reporter. What kind of influence sould have come over him, that he shouid so strangely have reported me, I am at a loss to con- seive. [did not once appeal to Swedenborg as ex- -mplifying,in his own person,any of the phenomena of Mesmenism. 1 remarked—and this was the gen- eral scope of my lecture—that the state of a Mes- meric subject approximated to that of a disem: vodied spirit, inasmuch as the soul was then wake and active, while the bodily sensations were dormant. Consequently in this state he spirit manifests itse/f more fully under the Ws arpropriate to its nature asa spirit, and thus & round 18 afforded tor comparing its conditions for we ume being, with what Swedenborg atiirms of ve permanent laws and conditions of spiritual exis euce in another world, The resultot the compari- von Was a most striking comcidence in tle two states, so much so, that if the alleged facts of the nesmeric ecstacy be admitted, it forces upon us the onclusion, that Swedenborg has made a true report t the world of spirits, and that his claim asa su- vernatural seer {receives from this source a strong confirmation. He makes that world to be what we should naturally expect it to be, provided the higher vhenomena of mesmerism be true. ‘To this extent, and this only, do | identity the intormatious drawn ‘rom two sources. But whether the mesmeric man- \testations are true or false, the evidence trom other juarters I hold to be amply sufficient in itself to veri- y Swedenborg’s claim toa supernatural insight into ue sphere of spirits. Atthe same time, admitung nesmerism to be true, I believe Swedenborg’s reve- «tions to afford the only satisfactory clew to the so- ations of the plenomens. ‘The reasons of this be- let were largely detailed in the lecture. I trust, that asa matter of justice to a religious body, whose sentiments are peculiarly liable to be misconceived and misrepresented, you will give place to the above atvempt to set both them and my- self in rather a truer light than we are lett in, probu- bly without design, by your eid Respectfully yours, G. New York, Oct. 6, 1845, Bosn. | the companies and notice | Lawrence Manufacturing Company Lowert, Oct. 6, 1845. | The Politician’s Statrstics of Lowell—Facts Af- | fecting the Operatives and Boarding Houses. | Your neighbor of the Tribune has attempted to tell the public how business is done here with re- | spect to board onthe corporations, accusing the Lowell Patriot of malice, and stupidity, &e. He | says, “they,” (the factory operatives) “ board where they please—cannot see why factories are as- | sailable in the premises—pay what they agree to— | lower or higher makes no difference—price has been for many $1 25—does not remember it was ever | otherwise—spinners earn $4 per week—the compa- | nies have o control over their boarding, &c.” Now the very best Suey get $3, board inclu. ded, leaving them $1 75 per week. The price paid by the companies, was for several years $1 374 up | to the 14th of May, 1842, when it was reduced by ven to each of their tenants, that after that date they must board no girl at over $1 25 per week, and $1 75 for men—(men and girls are not allowed to board in the same jouse.) : " _ The regulation papers tell the story in a different ligh. from the Tribune. Between three and four cents per meal is all that boarding house keepers get for girls, after deducting rent, fuel, lights, hired la- bor, &e. i " These people toil early and late without any com- nsation for their labor. Their wealth consists in urniture, costing from 400 to 700 dollars, which if put under the hammer would no. fetch one-third its cost. Many that have toiled for years are in debt more than their furniture would fetch. The present state of affairs atlords a meagre ar- gument in favor of northern abolitionists. But this is telling a long story, should you see fit to set the public right as well asthe Tribune, you will much oblige an oppressed people. : We send you a ling house regulation which is furnished each boarding house: , one which each mill hand receives. Regulations to be observed by all persons employed by the .—The overseers are to be punctually in their rooms at the starting of the mill, and not to be absent unnecessarily during working he E “They are to see that all those employed in their rooms i in due season, and keep a correct ac- time and work. rant leave of al eto those employed ‘They may r under them when there are spre hands inthe room to supply their places; otherw: they are not to yest leave of absence except in cases of absolute negossity. the employ of the Lawrence Manufac , are required to observe the regulations of the room where they are employed. They are not to be absent from their work without consent, ex in case of sickness, and then they are to send the overseer word of the cause of their absence. ‘They are to board in one of the boarding houses be- longing to the company, and to conform to the regula- tions of the house where they board. The company will not employ any one who is habitu- ally absent from public worship on the Sabbath. All persons entering into the employ of the company are considered as engaged to work 19 months. All persons intending to leave the employment of the company, are to give two week’s notice of their intention to their overseer, and their engagement with the compa- Oct. 4, 1845. From the interest you have always taken in the construction of a railway to Albany, independent of all speculators in stocks, or “corner lots” in Har- lem or Poughkeepasie,I am induced toaddress you to express the fear of myself and those in this region, that between your several projects to get a good railway to Albany, we shall be jockeyed, and you will be disappointed in getting the best line to com- municate with the north and the east. I use this language, as I perceive the old divide and conquer game of “a railway” on the margin of the river is revived, and the no less ridiculoug plan, to extend the Harlem Railroad from White Plains, by Dan- bury, to the Housatonic Railroad, and then to pro- ceed to Albany by a rival road in another State ; although it is clear that good time cannot be made , on this round about road, nor can you contend with your fine steamboats on the North River. It may not be known that the owners of wharves and towboats at Poughkeepsie,who take our produce to your city, “want no railroad,” but as they see they cannot fonger delay the construetion of a rail- road between your city and Albany, they, through the gentleman who mainly owns the two turnpikes, east and west through this county, got up a conven- tion and desired another year’s delay and a etl to make surveys at your expense, by engineers who have openly and publicly prejudge the subject of the route, without having surveyed either the river or the interior. 4 : At Albany, last winter, in consequence of these opinions, we gave our support to the extension of the Harlem road, subjecting this compuny, as we then thought, to safe restrictions, 80 as to secure the construction of the railway, through our county and State, by un, a clause inserted in their char- ter, that they “should not go nearer to the Connec- tcut State line, than two miles.” We shall also hold them to their offer, *‘to expend $600,000 in the construction ef the road by May next, of they are to forfeit their nghts.” Five months have been passed in engineering, where we had surveyed, selected and commenced the work under the New York and Albany charter, and we are tobe disappointed, in our wishes, by the Harlem, as wellas the Albany Company. An able report and estimates for the in- terior route was made by Edwin F. Johnson, civil engineer, to be found in legislative documents of 1839. Also, ‘a statement of E. F. Johnson, chief engineer of the New York and Albany Railroad, pending the application for a charter for a railr along the east margin of the Hudson river, 1843.” This report, from such high authority of the relative merits and advantages of the two routes, and to th city of New York, (which defeated a charter in 1843, has never been answered By ode Poughkeepsie neighbors, although itis true they have recently bled a letter of Mr. John Childe, chief engineer, that has been widely circulated in your city, in which he argues on wrong premises, but does not answer Mr. Johnsen. We are jealous and doubtful of the impartivlity and disinterestedness of the en- gineer and some of the men who now figure in your Dutcuess Co, NEAR Quant Hina, } ny is not considered as fulfilled unless they comply with this regulation. a Payments will be made monthly, fecludiog. board and wages, which will be made up to the second Saturday of lights to honor. In the evening came off the simulacro, or sham attack on the citadel, which was attacked by four battalions and defended by two. At dusk they be- gan to illuminate this extensive and important for- tress, the whole of the inner and outer fortifications being distinctly marked out by lamps. The trees in the principal square were illuminated with Chinese lanterns, and the Be x, streets by enormous flam- beaux of pure wax. e royal party arrived about 8 o’clock, and, as ws to be expected from persons in their frame of mind, immediately proceeded to the chapel, a very elegant building, which was also handsomely lighted up. Here a sort of hunting mass was performed, which lasted about two mi- autes, when they left the chapel and inspected, in turn the principal store-rooms and workshops.— Chey then ascended the largest bastion, where two elegant pavilions had been erected, connected by a corridor. The largerone, of an octagonal shape, was laid out asa supper-room, a liberal supply being orovided of ice, dried fruits, and other sweetmeats Atter partaking of gome refreshinent, the Queens and their friends entered the other pavilion, which »pened on the rainperts, and the simulacro began, the firing being indicated by different colored fire- works and rockets. This lasted about an hour, when the royal party retired. The arfair ended by an assault by the ladies on the royal supper table, which was stormed in the most workwomanlike manner. On the whole, this entertainment passed off extremely well, and did infinite credit to the gallant providers of it, the officers of the garrison Among the persons surrounding the royal supper table, | observed Narvaez, Martinez de la Rosa, the Duke of Cadiz, the Duke of Rianzares, and the generals and colonels who have been usually in at tendance on the Queenand her guests. Jenny Linp.—A correspondeut of the Jondon Morning Herald writing from Frankfort, thus de- scribes the celebrated artisté.—Jenny Lind, the Berlin prima. donna: “I have seen the fair Swede—! have heard this northern syren, and my wonder and admiration are without bounds. Yet am I amazec at an enthusiasm, which I had thought, after Mali- bran, could never have been again awakened. Bui we havea new Sonnambula. One altogether origi- nal in conception, and most tically embodied The country that has produced the charming Lucile Grahn has proved that it can give birth to a first rate vocalist, as well as a graceful and imaginative dan seuse. In Jenny Lind is the advent of that young and fresh talent so long desired by amateurs. Loo! to her, managers and directors! ‘It is the north star that ie must aspire. Jenny Lind will be sought af ter by the dramatic diplomatists with avidity Huppy the ent: who shall have the skill to transpose her from the Prussian capital, where the language of thalers is most powerfully employed to retain her! I visited the theatre, when a storm of cheering invited attention toa tall young person, with prominent features, long auburn tresses, exceedingly fair, and lady-like in deportment, dressed in the Swiss costume. It was the Amina of the night—the celebrated Jenny Lind. She appeared agitated. That first impression— which so often decides the like or dislike of an ar- tist—was not in my eyes favorable for her. I thought she looked old-fashioned, or, to use a significant term, old maidenish. But sucdenly I caught the expression of her eyes, as she bestowed an affec- tionate glance around on the companions ot her youth, Never was anything more beautiful and speaking. Het opening cavatina was enough to as- sert the presence of vocal genius. Her organ, both as to quantity and quality, is superb. It is in com- yass nearly three octaves, with great volume. Highly tractable ‘and flexible, she commands with ease every executive facility, Her sweet, sonorous and ‘eiodious notes in the higher register have, perhaps, 1ever been approached. She has also some rich contralto notes. The only apparent organic defect is in the medium portion; here a. slight huskiness 1s trom time to time apparent. _ It is impossible to de- scribe her marvellous skill in the aria “Di posta- mento.” She dwells upon the long notes with a dignity beyond example. Whilst she is capable o rendering the most animated passages she renders them at the same time completely subservient to ex- pression. Inthe last scene, when awakened from her sleep, and she recognised her lover, the crescendo on the name Elvino created an electrical eflect ; never was tenderness more.deliciously voculised. It is in her exquisite naturalness that the great charm of her acting is found. Ihave spoken of her eyes ; they are full of a gifted soul, and never wander from the action of the scene. This complete ideality she never loses sight of. The sleep-walking was wild ind wondrous in its influence over the audience—a pin might have been heard to drop during its pro- ures; and when awakened to find herself rejectec by her lover, the symbols of passion in the face of Jenny Lind became fearfully true. And yet there was little of that rushing to or fro that we have seen in many Aminas—vorrect taste and modest self re- spect seem to be her natural dictates. Her action is picturesque without extravagance; itis the fascina- tion of her nature more than a triumph of art. As she is excited her ave kindles, her form dilates, and the gpell is irresistible; albeit, in point of personal attraction, Jenny Lind is not great, Her energy is untiring—recalled before the curtain at the close of the first and second acts, she was twice summoned at the third, and at the second bidding of her raptu- rous hearers again did she break forth into that flood of joy, that impassioned finale imagined by the Ita: lian composer as the climax of vocal felicity. ©n the repetition she varied the divisions,introducing novel and impetuous phrases, and daring distances, with a distinctness and rapidity of execution without pa- rallel. The audience cheered, and the band as well, the conductor, Guhr, abandoning his baton to clap his hands with delight. In the onad’ugileta, as well as inthe pathetic cantabile, Jenny Lind is equally reat, her voice “Hore and there Dancing in lofty measures ; and anon Creeps on the soft touch of a tender tone Whose trembling murmurs, melting in wild airs, Plaining Run to and fro, com her sweet cares.” | ovary. month, and paid in the course of the following week. Any one who shall take from the mills or the yard, any arn, cloth or other article belong to the Company, will e considered guilty of stealing, and prosecuted accord ing], se Regulations are considered a part of the cou- tract with all persons entering into the employment oi the Lawrence Manufacturing omens JOHN ‘AIKEN, Agent. Regulations for the Boarding Houses of the Proprietors of the Tremont Mills.—The tenants of the B Houses are not to board, or permit any part of their houses to be occupied by any person, excep! those in the employ of the Company, without special permission. ‘They will be considered answerable for any improper conduct in their houses,and are not to permit their board- ers to have company at unseasonabie hours. ‘The doors must be closed at ten o’clock in the evening, and no person admitted after that time, without some resonable excuse. The keepers of the boarding houses must give an ac- count of the number, names, and employment of their boarders, when required, Teport the naines of such as are guilty of any improper conduct, or are not in the habit of attending public Worship. The buildings, and yards about them, must be kept perfectly clean and in good order ; and’ if they are in- jured, otherwise tan irom ordinary use, all necessary will be made, and charged to the occupant ; also walks in front ofthe houses must be kept always clean and free trom snow. desirable that tho families ef those who live in the #, a8 woll as the boarders, who have not had the ox, should be vaccinated, ich will be done at the expense pany for such as wish it. Some suitable chamber in the house must be reserved and appropriatedior the use of the sick, so that others may not be under the necessity of sk ping in the same room. CHARLES L. TILDEN, Agent. Progress of Magnetic Telegraphs, To tue Epiror or THE HERALD :— : In looking over your paper ot this morning, I ob- serve a notice of several contemplated rvutes of magnetic telegraphs. As you do not say anything about the telegraphs to be used, it 1s presumed that you allude to tue current reports in favor of Profes- sor Morse’s plan of telegraphing. Having occasion io notice the matter to afrieud, 1 was inturmed that a scientific gentleman of this city, by the name of House, had invented a machine for telegraphing, which so far surpassed anything ever Lefore used tui shat purpose, that it would almost “‘talk,” to use his expression, if magnetism were applied to it. Noi veing as credulous asi thought my friend was on the subject 1 asked the privilege to see the machine oetore | subscribed to his opiuions so unqualifiedly. This being granted, and the machine, which is now at No. 11 #ldridge street, having been exhibited to me, and set in full operauon, printing ofl, avmy re- quest, as tust as 1 could count, the letters, “JAmEs Gorpon Bennett, Esq., Epiror AnD PRoprigTor oF rug New York Heravp,” satisfied me so thorough- ty of its “talking” powers, that I subscribed at once co the opinions of my triend. This machine ditters enurely trom Professor Morse’s, both in the mode of creating the magnetic power and that of recor- ding the matter sent by the telegraph. In that of Protessor Morse’s, there is used what 1s usually cal- ied a horse-shoe magnet,which is nothing more than a piece of sott 1ron bent in the shape ot a horse-shoe surrounded with a coil of covered copper wire, through which the current of electricity passes, ma- «ing, while the current of electricity 1s passing, « magnet of the horse-shoe. This magnet attracts the end of a lever, on the short end ot which are three points, fitting in a groove of what 1s called a scroll roiler, which 18 propelled by a clock work mouon, carrying with it a strip of paper,on which are mark- ed the dots and lines, used by Professor Morse to represent the alphabet. All this arrangement, anu the horse-shoe magnet, in Protessor House’s tele- graph, have been dispensed with—he having called into existence an entire new principle, in application of electricity, dispensing with the horse-shoe mag net in toto, and producing by the combination, thai which Professor Morse cannot attain by his machine —a precisionand celerity that is hardly to be estima- ted. Instead of an arbitrary character, like that which is usedin Professor Morse’s machine, there is the letter of the alphabet pr.nted faster than a com- positor can set up type, and in pertect order, reading trom lett to right 10 one continuous straight line.— Any person can print with it, and in its present ar- rangement tor printing, the alphabet is printed on keys, like the piano-torte, which are played on wit almost the rapidity of a piano-forte pertormer, and the keys or letters struck recorded with equal rapid- ity. Itis, therefore, in this res,ect, so decidedly superior to any other telegraph ever used, thatait must become of the greatest value, and in fact, can be the only one which will be used on all routes in ths country or Europe, where it has also been pa tented Lalso learned from Professor House that he had arrangements with a Company in New Jersey to the night of his patent on the route trom Philade: phia to NewYork, and also was about establishing « a Marine Telegraph for the harbors of Boston and New York. Should Protessor House carry thes¢ projects into operation, and I was assured that there was not a doubt of it, why not get a terminal fo: your office? I understood that the Telegrapt: would take the place of the old one now at the Lx- change. It that is the case, the cost of the wire trom there to your office would be but trifling, ano with @ terminal in your oflice, you could have printed off, “on a streak of lightning,” Nimroa Wildfire like, all the shipping news as fast as it ur rived. Tur Porx Marxet.—Lhe pork market is opening finely tor the farmers. We learn that pork dealer: in this secuon of the country are ofiering trom $3 (o $3,600 per hundred. We hear it reporied, but we are iuciimed to doubt the truth of it, Uiat the number ot marketable hogs in the surrounding counties, du- ring the present year, wall fall considerably below that of the last year. We thuk, however, that it the quantity shouid be less, the deficiency will be made up in the increased weight. Corn is much more plenty this year than last, and this will enable farmers to keep their hy until they are in goou bo tor market.—Wayne County (Indiana) city, as a committee ‘‘to get a survey and a charter for the margin of the river.” I however learn that these men, with the exception of one, were not at the Poughkeepsie Convention, and I ‘hope their names may have been used without their consent. There are two men on_that committee, I am sur- prised to see there. Mr. J. Harvey once came among us friends, a friend himself; and medea speech at Dover in favor of the interior route; so did Mr. Van Schaick, with Mr. Samuel Stevens of your city. They battled lustily with the Harlem Com- pany, to infuse reason into their councils, to join with the old Albany Company. From Mr. Alley I had hoped better things than to see hi ing with those who want no road, but are so i as to pass resolutions, that they will vote any man, and of any politics, going to the le; who will not vote tor a charter on the margin of the river—when, in the published i epccesitias of the Convention of river towns at Poughkeepsie, July, 1842, they refused when they had the offer of the charter of the New York and Albany Railroad Company, with the agreement tendered in writing by the Company to adopt that route, if a disuiterest- ed and uncommitted engineer should say it was the best, and your cupitalists would adopt it. ‘The river towns in 1842 did not want a railway in the interior, to interfere with their present valuable business from our region of country; ner do they aow want any road. They say—New Yorkers if there must be a railroad, do build 1 and put it on the margin of the river, without telling you, that the steamboats and river crait interest, uaturally opposed to it, with the owners ot miils, und of iniets, would claim draw-bridges as they have the right to do, tor the greatest breadth of beam (sixty feet) of steam- boats that floats tae Hudson. How axe you to make time with the draws open, and opposiuon from sloops stuck fast, dy accident, at the coming up of atrain, A train of three or lour hundred passen- gers to run off in fifteen or twenty teet water would oe more destructive of liie tan the blowing up of a steamboat. With ice on the rails, passing over water in the several bays, would ulurm even those of strong nerve. Again, you get by the river craft every thing on the margin of the river that you would get by a railroad. There are muny articles we can raise and send you that will not bear trans- portation, or the expense ct it, to Poughkeepsie and the other landings. At these jandings merchants nave grown rich at our expense, and now Wish to deteat any railroad in the interior, or they desire to push it far trom them into Connecticut, whieh will not interfere with them, and on which time cannot be made. But to sum up, we want you New Yorkers to help us oppose this river charier, and we will doour part to build a good railway to supply you, winter and summer, with your daily food, at cheap rates. shee one tast with Breoklyn, and want our mil utter, cheese, potatoes, coarse grains, truit, dsc. &c. which now cost us $4 for a load Of less than a ton, drawn over a mountain, and two days in time, to get it to the river, there to be shaved with heavy commissions. We were in hopes, as we have spent considerable money in good tuith under the charter of the New York and Albany Company, for complete surveys to Albany, and have got three miles graded in this town and Dover, and six miles in Westchester, that this commencement on our part in the country, of this important road, would have been responded to by your citizens. We had a right to expect this, when your Mayor and Councils, with ‘he Mayor and Councils ot Brooklyn and Troy, und your judges and leading men, came to ourtown to break ground. They took off their coats to wheel the tirst barrow of earth, and then set us and their contractors to work, and —I will only whisper—left us to foot the bills. To be sure, it 1s not much, and we shall not mind it, but wil renew our confidence, that some years past, I must contess, was impaired by the lose ot the odd thousands ot dollars we paid into New York com- missioners’ hands to commence the Sharon canal ; vut, | am sorry to add, they lett us the bug to hold. We offered your councils to make 40 miles of rail- road towards New York in 1840, and we will sull stand the stump. < Ri We are not entirely satisfied with the plan of the Harlem company to borrow our money and give us a mortgage on the road (an intangible security) from White [Plains to Putman county, and then they may slip round us by Danbury into the Housa- tonic railroad. We fear the borrowing system and debts of this company, which they acknowledge to be above $600,000. Can you not devise some plan between these two old companies by which we can subscribe to stock on fairterme, to put our road through to Albany? Plety and Politeness. To rug Epiror: Many ot your readere, will doubtless, recollect an incident Which occurred here some two years ago, which was noticed in several of the city papers, of gentleman trom Georgia having tkeo 4 seat in mue of the dpiscopal churches i this city, which le owners of the pew arriving soon after, he was desired to leave, slthough there was plenty of room alter they were seated ; upon leaving the door, he said in up audible whisper to the owner of the pew, “ Sur, should you or your ft Visit Savannah, Georgia, 1 will take pleasure in placing my pew in Uhrist’s church at your service.” An meident near akin to the above has just oecurred im St. Thomus’ church in this city, which | wash to notice; aladytrom Charleston, South Carolina, being on a visit to New York, went into that church took @ seat in an unoccupied pew. In a few moments, a lady, whose name | took pains to ascertain, arrived alone at the uvor ot the pew and motioned the occupant to leave, which being done, sne entered we pew and viosed the door in the face of the astumished South- erner, Who was immediately oflered 4 seat in seve- tal pews already flied. | wish io notice this aftar as @ hint to any Southerners who have not yet re- jurned Lo @ more hospitable cline, BAG to Bay tw the fortunate possessor vf We pew ih question, (hat should she visit Charleston, South Carolia, the lady co unceremouivusiy ousted, will have great plea sure in placing her pew in St Muchaei’s, at her ig The Hon. J. L. Russell declines a renomii asa candidate for member of Assembly tor St. rence county,