The New York Herald Newspaper, October 7, 1845, Page 1

THE NEW YORK HERALD. Vol. XI., No, 256—Whole No. 4138. Price Two Cents. _NEW YORK, TUESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 7, 1845. THE NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, Proprictor, | Ciroulation---Forty Thousand. | DAILY HERAL! wery day. Price 2 cents per | bas 2 rs 25 per aan bed in advance. ‘EEKLY D—Every Saturday —Price 6} cents "ADVERT 1 cents per ere in advance PRINTING of all kinds executed with beauty ona py renege ra or comm! to the ostablishment, mutt be post pei” leducted from sul mee money _remutted. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, Prorareton ov tux New Yoru Henan Ketabissmuxwy Varthwest naraar af "Haw apd Noawar sire ote BEACON COURSE—TROTTING. rp UEsbay, Oct. 7, at 3PM, purse $300—mile heats, best 3 in 5, in harness, Bryantenters m Lady Suffolk '. Wheelan.. . br m Duchess Same Day, purse’ $40," imile ‘heats, best’ three in five a et Lady W: fou ters. ‘Pho Mel ber tani le Jb Tom Mowe PHILADELPHIA HUNTING PARK COURSE. HE FALL MEETING, Lees on Tuesday, the 8th of October, and conclave oe 6. 1~Tuesda: 'No.2—Same day, puite $150, $50 to the i ta; the bret ivhney in harnese, tres for all besees Seat ee trotted tor Wed purse $300, three mile arse $150; 95046 the second best, two mile addie, free forall horses that have ever trot Saturday, the 18th jam square, on or before 9 o'clock PM, in Naw ies for ios. Sant 4 to be made at the Course the evening ious tu eacl as ¥f igwo Or more to make a race in . alepien will lense apply for ev Fal nd necessary adeodkey Baatt cite ne eney taue R_LIVERPOOL—Regular FOF eo Ona eee VINGINTAR Ga sarees ea sell as hove hes regular day. ve ‘evsous intendin embari it plication’ on board, foot of Binidea lane eke ee Comer of Pine and South sts, We HL All iit suc nadine ee October, pur G il all hersaotacr aover etc oe ted for mouey. ¥ ntries for No, 1 and No. 3 to be made on of October, at the Course, in Philadelphia, ae Chath: or es as it has been The superior i conte ship Waterloo, fan, and sail on t LIVER OOL—Packet of the iho Ocn= lar, ‘well ki ket ahip O: ; in Fathboue, will sail Yor Livetpcel as stone, ommodations for cabin, second cabin ipply to J. HERDMAN & CO., ofre 61 South street. FOR NEW ORLEANS—Loum Ne York Line—Regalar Packet, to eail1ith inst—The fing packet ship TENNESSKE, Pray, sail as absve, her regular day. Tumished secommo- ving me dations, apply on board at Orl harf fo: t of Wall st , sia EK. COLLINS &COn 56 South oe segotiively no goods received on board after Friday evening, " ‘Avent in New Orleans James E. Woodrai i promptly forward to hin address. Base apbey Packet Hunt, master, will succeed the Ten- regular day. o7 INLY REGULAR LINE FOR NE Mi a Pe heeds scase eee et 5 ttoone, : riday,Oct. 10th, her regular day, and be succeeded ‘eunessee, on the iIth inst. Fe which is I by i PR gig ich is low AP, nen ay foot of Misiden oT 75 South at., comer on Maiden Lane REGULAR LI E OF PACKtTs FOR MO RB ars of to-morrow—The splendid fast sail- ag packet ‘ship WAVER. ¥, Captain Smith, wil ily as xbove, her regular day. ip hae very superior accommodations for cabin, se- id 1 lead Passengers, he. CH be. ny me very early’ application be made ou ier v& J.T TAPSCOTT, 75 South’ at , corner of Maiden Lane. THE LONG ISLAND INSURANCE COMPANY. Capital 200,000 Dollars. OFFICE 41 FULTON STREET, BROOKLYN. TP HIS COMPANY, ‘continues to Insure against lous or dx mage by Fire on their worable terms. All claims meec.ted vo this eamapny for, Loses bythe ate danatrous Mee eee ey OE LAMATER, Ponites 6 mis rre_ F.C. FINN, idttinrered THE EAS’ AL IG MPANY. Co} . FFICE No. 61 (late 49) Wall street, continues to insw fae I . 3 inst loss or eae by Fire ise }» warehouses, and raiture, Merchan ize, John Brouwer, James McBris ildings. Also, on &c., as heretofe Joh 4 dosent Kern a Charles Ny 3; Row! Nathaniel Le Griowoht de, nee vitae Soutien Joseph Gaillard, Jr, QOLD 8, SILLIMAN, denne ee RosgatJ. Ditton, Counseland Attomey. a2 Im*m OFFICE OF THE CROTON INSURANCE CO. Adjoining Meshanicy” Beaks nthe Ghent ini His COMPANY lose by the Tecout fre 99000) Tei assets over and above all claims against them excsed 150 000. y contina Risks, at fair rates. ews, Whitaker, ard 4 at” | toni John J Herrie! William Burgoyne, Abraham V an Nest, EL A. LAWRENCE, President. ; JOSEPH B. NONES, Vice President. Nicholas Carroll, : Capt Samuel Candler, Marine Insp. alts Insp. for “Lloyd's” for the port of New York. OFFICE OF JEFFERSO IN INSURAN CE CO t 0. street i Exchange. H18 COMPANY Continue’ to tapare againat loss'and ¢ ceaiertlone by intend onrigatine tench cad tect tenes! DIRECTORS. ns eit certoes omas W. Elisha Riggs, T. We A ro - a Joseph Allen, James E, Holmes, John F, Moore, m. ues Morrell, tt, Franei John C. Groner T. Hore, Secretary. ‘Orrick o¥ THr: JEYPERson INSURANCE Uo., E THOMAS WHERE reuse abre New York, July 24, 1045. Lt to y and sgnly whether it bee a value ofthelrstok. te convey thelr intention by posts to the eee Kove Waller, wg " W. THORNE, Pres't. Gro, T. Hors, Sec’y. Tre FRENCH ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS AND ENRY & K. BN HERS. sta H ‘dnt lane, have reosived per latearrivaj, a complete as, Axtibicial Klowersand materials for the same. avotis of Marabout, Ostrich, Willow and Fan- hy crn andar olrad att mos taceurtle pices” BRODERIES ET NOUVEAUTES DE x PaIER ACERS oh Brdon the attention of the Ladies ta inc ia videries n of to his splendid stock of a Lace’ Goods recently. receiv oot jewest and most desirable styles. @ Present fee hata oe f 1e reputation his store has long mm city.” brie Hak, from ancti 5 wn do, riviere lers, from $1 to bly heap. Lawn Hakfs, tape borders, from $7,50 to | tease cleat Linen Law Hakfy, fancy borders. | lo lo, col’d an lack printed borders. | do ae; Seabroldered hee gee oe | each. ok henna: eae Di lo Rich Embroilered Duplin tod Appiaws ce Cyne Upwards of #6 Sinoeahl Polke Colored Yim fr ). from $310 $12, Jow. | ‘Scar ons of af comprising Bill, Winthie este eth ob ale | of 10 to 1 | foes cia Teal ve res Hae NEL RCO a | European Correspondence. Panis, Serr. 16, 1845. State of Things in Brief—Franconi’s Immense Am- | phitheatre—Effect of Literature on Religion and Politice—- Anticipated Revolution in Ocean Sieam Navigation—The Railway System in Evurope— The Speculative Excitement in the Share Market | —American and French River Steamers, &c., &c. | _ Ot all months in the year, this is the most inaus- | Picious for Opening the European Correspondence of an American Journalist, and of all epochs for | many years back, the present is assuredly the most | unfavorable for the excitement of any interest di- rected towards Europe, from the other side of the Atlantic. The political firmanent presents one un- varied aspect of the most unclouded serenity. The winds are hushed and States are sensible of a pro- found calm. The implements of war are kept bright only for reviews and shamfights in Hyd- | Park and in the Champ de Mars, and the only arms used in earnest, are those of industry and the arts. Railways and canals are projected on a stupendou: scale. Gigantic steamships awvecp the oocane ‘and unite the populations of distant quarters of the globe. Speculations involving thousands of millions of un- told case occupy daily Lombard street and the Place de la Paris is, however, socially, un- usually deserted, even at this season. ‘The fashion- able world 1s in a state of suspended animation here. Some of the places of public amusement are closed, and those which are open are but thinly attended —to this, however, there are one or two striking ex- ceptions. The celebrated Franconi, taking advan- tage of the close of his Circus on the Boulevarts, has realised a project as bold as it is novel. It is. no- thing less than the construction of an Amphithea- tre on an immense scale, similar to those of the Greeks and Romans. This structure has been erected at the summit of the ascent formed by the Champs eiges Immediately outside the great Tri- umphal Arch of Napoleon, an extensive ovalarea has | been levelled and enclosed, and is surrounded by an | amphi theatre, consisting of twelve tiers of seats, rising one above the other, so that the entire assem. | bly can at once command a dail of the per- | formances. The structure is o! wood, with orien- tal decorations. This erection is said to offer ac- commodation sufficient for twenty nd specta- tors! Ithas been open three times a week for the last two months, and notwithstanding the deserted state of Paris at this season, assemblies of fifteen thousand persons have been on several occasions collected there. The performances, which take lace in the afternoon from three to five, consist of jorsemanship, races, chariot races @ Vantique, &c., and are supported by the prgnincans stud and the entire troup of upwards of 100 performers attached to Franconi’s establishment. Another exception to the desertion of theatres, is offered bv the Porte St. Martin, where your countryman, Risley, with his children, is mghtly attracting overflowing houses. He leaves here for a short engagement at Vienna, after which he gees to Lendon to fulfil a winter en- aegerient at Drury Lane. In the literary world, the announcements are chiefly confined to works of fiction. The success of the Mysteries of Paris has made the fortune of its author. Eugene Sue sold that work before it wa: published, for six thousand dollars, and bound him self under a penalty of two thousand five hundred | the fare in the third class is ten franca, dollars, to he his future works on the same terms The publishers netted about fifty thousand dollars by the Mysteries, and the author having thus learn- ed his own value, paid the forfeit of two thousand five hundred dollars, and put an end to the con- tract. He sold the Juif Errant for forty thousand dollars, and it is said that two thousand dollars were paid by the American publishers for receiving early proofs for translation. ‘Thus, Sue may be said to have received the largest sum ever paid to any author, (not excepting Scott himself) for any single work of fiction. The effect produced by this work has been im- mense. Although stateamen do not choose to ac- knowledge it, no one doubts that it has been the immediate cause of the public excitement against the Jesuits, by which the administration has been driven to negotiate with the papal government. to withdraw them; since, otherwise, the government must have entorced the laws against them. Mean- while, Sue’s work has been proscribed by the church, and denounced from the altar. Catholics known to 83 it are excommunicated. All this, of course, has only augmented its circulation. Sue has just anneunced a new work, Les Sept péchés Capitanse, (the Seven Cardinal Sins), the publica- tion ot which is advertised for January. You have heard, ot course, of the faux pas of Vic- tor Hugo. These things pase with little notice here. They are not treated as civil questions,but are prose- cuted before the criminal tribunals. ‘The. lady is in prison, and the poet has gone to amuse himself on the Rhine, from which he is already transmitting letters for publication. The question of the sprontion, of steamships, in the event of a war, has lately engaged much atten- tion, both in England and here. It is admitted that, notwithstanding the large number of steam vessels that have been constructed in the British dock ards, and the scarcely less numerous fleet, built by rance, for the nominal service of the Post Office, but with the real views of offence and defence, iu the contingency of war, not one constructed ir either country is really efficient for the later pur pose. ‘he most unaccountable and disgracetul blunders have been committed in these proceedings on both sides of the channel. The Prince de Jom- ville has shown that the French steamers, whatever may have been the intention of those who con- structed them, are fitted for nothing but packets, and are utterly useless tor the purposes of naval war. 11 has been demonstrated that when the British steam- ships have received their machinery, tuel and stores, they cannot tuke their guns! This is on a par with the calculations which enclosed the Great Britain 1 the dock at Bristol. Much attention is attracted in England, by the attempt now commenced at New York ani ton, te adopt the principle of the suba- queous propeller,used as un auailiary to packet ships his is regarded as one ot the most promising in the projects which have come from your side o1 the Aulanuc, It is more especially felicitous in ite fitness for war steamers. ‘The screw, as applied iu the Great Britain and other similar ships, 1s objec uonable, inasmuch as it impedes the sailing powe: ot the vessel ; but this wail not be the case with » stern propeller, which can be raised out of the water In short, if the line of steam-suiling packets now pro, ‘d can be successfully established, it is pro- bable that all the liners must ultimately adopt the principle, since they can scarcely withstand the competition to which they will be exposed, and 1 seems doubtful whether even the Cunard steamers may not be compelled to give way and reform their construction. " i. The railway mania continues at its height, spreads over kurope and even extends to the Eastand' West Indies. The railways now in actual operation in France are the following :—Two _ be- tween Puris and Versailles, one following each bank of the river, the Paris and Rouen Railway (the extension to Havre being in an advanced stage vl construction) and the Paris and Orleans Railway and a few others. On passing over these lines, the ‘St impression produced on an American is the striking advantages they have over the lines of rail way in the United States, in the superior ease and comtort of the carriages, the greater expedition oi the travelling, and its greater cheapness. As these are all points interesting to every one, and as there 18 nO reason reaily apparent why the same advanta- ges should not be attainable on our railw: a, 1 shali describe distinctly in what they consist. h train on the French lines is composed of three dis- Unct sorts ot coaches. The first, called the coupé, is 1n form hke an ténglish private churiol, the Pas sengers having windows beture them us well as be- aide them, and sitting with their faces to the horses. Each coupé usually has seuts for three o: four passengers. I'he second 1s called diligentes, and resemble aa English family coach, the passen- Gers sitting face to tace. Each of these couches nave places for four passengers on each seat, ang theretore contain eight persons. Both of these cl s of carriages ure stutled, padded and cush- ioned in the most luxurious and expensive style. The windows are admurably fitted and constructed, and are of plate glass and quite.airtght. In short, the appointments of these vehicles are in no essen- tial particular inferior to the best private coaches used in Paris or London. The third class of car- Tiages are of the same form as the second, but not 80 roomy in proportion to the*number they accom- modate, and not so expensively stuffed, padded and lined. Still, they are sufficiently capacious and cushioned for the perfect ease and comfort of the passengers, and are certainly superior in every re- spect even to the best constructed carriages on any American railway. The fares in each of these cusses are different, although they compose the same train, and, of course, move with the same expedition. Thus on the Versailles Railway the tare in the coup’s is two franes; in the diligentes a franc and a halt; and in the third clase a franc anda quar- ter. in the The distance to: Versaille being fourteen miles, this 1s at the ree of yh two cents per mile tor ird class hes. Take another case: The distance from Paris to | niles, and ing attwo and ahaif centsper mile. The rate at which these trains travel, is generally twenty miles an hour, Rouen, by the railway, 1s above caer stoppagesincluded. On our railways, on the other | hand, the carriages are lessexpensively constructed, | and are proportionately ‘less commodious for pas- sengers. ie average speed, including sto seldom much expests fifteen miles an hour, ood the charge is usually about four and a halt cents per mile. Thus from New York to Philadelphia, | a distance of ninety-five miles, is travelled in abou, five and ahalt hours, at the cost of four dollars, which gives the above rates; and other lines will be found, with few exceptions, to give nearly the same result. railway directors to consider, whether, by taking aleat from the book of European railways, they ani not afford increased accommodation to the = ic, with, perhaps, increased profit to them- selves ¢ | ¢:1n England, where the expense of construction has been so enormous, and where the speed attained is Would it not be worth while for | so extreme, the cost of travelling in the third class carriages is about two cents a mile, and in the se- cond class about four cents. It, however, we are behind Europe in our rail- ways, how immeasurably are we not in advance of everything here in our magnificent rivers and steam- ers. To speak for a moment of any steamer navi- gating the Thames, the Rhine, the Seine, the Loire or the Rhone, in comparison with even the poorest of the boats on the Hudson or the Mississippi, would be in the least degree ridiculous. They are immeasurably behind our’s in every respect in which it is possible to regard them. In speed, power, capacity, accommodation, splendor,—every thing They must cross the Auantic and take a lesson of us, or they will soon in this art of inland nav iga- tion be a century behind us. . The excitement lately produced on the Bourse, immediately before and immediately after the for- mal concession of the Great Northern railway. (trom Paris to Brussels) to the company represented by Rothschild, Lafitte and Hottinguer, far exceeded anything of the kind which has occurred since the revolution of July. he erably in these shares, as well as others,has spread through in all classes even to the lowest. During the last two or three weeks, the Bourse has been a perfect Babel. The police have been summoned daily to keep something like order among the mob which throngs it. The sut- focation and crush of the inside of the building, has become so intolerable, that many of the weal? thier speculators have established their chairs daily in the vestibule, sending their clerks back and for- ward between them ani the interior, to inform them of the course of the sales. A certain corner has been tacitly sppropristed to the smaller gamblers, those who deal in single shares, or batches of from five to ten ; the great dealers now doing nothing, save by hundreds and even thousands. These smaller fry consist chiefly of servants, who bring here all their yates and perquisites. It is said that the house of Rothschild, which be- fore the adjudication of the Northern line, en- grossed half the entire number of shares at par, have already netted the enormous sum of one hundred and fifty millions of francs by the transaction. There is probably exaggeration in this, but that these g.- gantic capitalists have realized an immense sum 1s certain. This great line of railway is to extend from Paris to Brussels, passing through Amiens and Valen ciennes, and having branches to Boulogne and other principal places. It is already in a very forward state. The construction of the railways of France ts. usually commenced by the government, and after they are completed, they are farmed for a limited period (from forty to eighty years) to a company which reimburses all the outlay. At the expiration of the period thus contracted for, they are to retura to the hands of the Government, and their profits to be brought tothe account of the general revenues of the country. In the present case, the Rothschild commainy, have received a concession of this line for a period of about forty years. The entire esp of the French part of the line trom Paris to Valen- ciennes, is about 120 miles. It is expected that the part of the line from Amiens to Valenciennes will be opened in eight ‘months froin the present time: The part nearer to Paris will be later. The vast European importance of this railway will be appre- ciated, when it is remembered that it will connect Paris with the numerous lines with which the sur- tace of Belgium is reticulated, and thereby com- inunicate with the Rhine, and the lines of railway communication in progress in Prussia, the German pe and hilrat and. fi afi magnetic telegraph is erected, and in operation between Paris and Rouen. In all its external ap- peaeances,) it is identical with those erected by Morse in the United States. The wires are in the same manner carried over rollers or sheaves at- tached to posts, supporting them ata height more of less considerable, and these are placed at the sides of the railways. "The telegraphs here were erected uy. Professor Wheatstone, of London, for the rench Government. I have not yet had time to go to see them at work, but will give you a full account of them in my next. A formidable rival to General Tom Thumb has just appeared in the person of an English youth trom Somersetshire, born of humble esos on the 4th of Jan., 1831, and now in his teenth year. His height 1s thirty-four inches, oeing one inch less than the American. He is suid to be much more graceful than ‘Lom Thumb, and to ve perfect in all his proportions. For Extracts. East Inpia Corron ano Sucar.—The Committee of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society nave presented to Sir R. 1 a document contain- (ng their opinions upon the national advantages which would accrue, if the government were to en- courage the growth and importation of East India cotton and sugar. After speaking ef the dependence of England for her prosperity on foreign countries, inasmuch as they supply her with materials for manufacturing cotton wool and other articles, they say: “To show the nature of this dependence, the following statis- acs are given with reference te cotton wool, al- though similar statistics might be given in connec- don with articles of equal importance, such as su- yar, linseed, hemp, Sc. Ia 1825, the imports ot American cotton amounted to 356,618 bales ; in 1880 © 512,664 bales ;.,1n 1835 to 676,563 bales ; in 1840 to 956,025 bales ; in 1841 to 933.536 bales; in 1842 to 964,441 bales ; 1n 1843 to 1,286,233 bales; and in 1844 +o 1,158,823 bales. ‘Chis prodigious increase in the supply of cotton wool for the manutactures of this country, however advantageous it may have prevec aitherto, is no guarantee for the future and perma- aent prosperity of that great branch of national in- dustry.” They then show huw a war with the Uni- ted States would paralyse all their operations, and argue that it is absolute! necessary that this state of dependence should no longer exist, as British Indin can supply, them in abundance, and quote trom Mr Gladstone’s speech in the House of Commons, t show the vast amount of capital engaged in the ma aufacturing interests, the immense amount of slave- produced cotton that is used, in comparison with that the produce of free labor. And how deeply in- terested manufacturers dught to be on this subject They then go on to show the interest the mercautile world have in it, as the medium of communication between the seller and buyer. ‘He seeks a market tor his goods, and the United States at the present ume 18 one ot his best markets; but he is subject to many grievous eM and drawbacks. Two may be enumerated—the American tariff which se- niously limits his sales, and places the balance et trade against him, and the non-employment toa vast extent of British shipping in the carrying trade be- tween the United States and Great Britain.” And by a statement of the imports and exports trom Great Britain to the United States, North Ame- rican colonies and West India Islands in 1840, they show the actual bulance ot $2,573,000 dollars to have existed against Great Britain that yeur, and an ex cess of 2,075,106 tons American shipping to have oeen employed during that year. The etiect of all ‘his may be seen in the facts that,in 1832, the amoun' »t cotton wool consumed in, the U. States was only 192,412 bales, while in 1844, it amounted to 346,744 bules. From thie, fthey argue that not only is the inarket of the United States becoming restricted to the British manufacturer, in consequence of their rising manufacturing powers, which consume her own cotton wool, but they also fear that English manofacturerers (who are entirely dependent on America for mye) will shortly find great rivals in the Americans in the markets of the world. This competition they say, could be met, and the disad- vantages overcome by relying on their own re- sources. If British India could be made the source of supply to England of cotton wool, “British ship- ping, instead of American, would be employed in i bs ge of eho ad both to and from Brit- ish India. The amount of tonnage employed by the United States, with this country, te reoned at aine-tenths of the whole. There can be little doubt, that when these facts are fully known, merchants and manufacturers will be equally anxious to draw their supplies of this article from British India, to the arcavent possible extent, as a mere question of profit.” They then go on the philanthropic view of the case, and say that bringing the cotton ef British India into competion with that of the United States, would go far to annihilate American slavery, also, that low as upland cotton is now selling (easy it might be raised from India lower still. It has al- ready, by its superior cheapness,superceded Brazilian cotton, and they adduce various cotton brokers cir- culars to prove that it could also compete with Ame- rican prices. They then go on to show that three things are requisite to accomplish the great ends in view, viz: quantity, quality and price. egarding the | firet,“‘with respect to the capabilities of British India | for supplying the British manufacturer with an ade- quate quantity of cotton wool, there cannot be two opinions among those who have paid any attention | to the subject. Cotton is indigenous to the soil of } India. Its inhabitants have been famed in tumes past for the extent, texture, and beauty of their cot- ton fabrics. It is the opinion of scientific and prac- | tical men, that India can produce cotton in the pro- portion of millions to hundreds.” And they quote the works of Dr. Rayle, Maltebrun, | and Mr. Crawford, the author of the Indian Archi- pelago, who say that the three Presidencies con- tain land capable of growing cotton te an illimitable extent, and from the extent of the provinces, an the number of them, easily accessible to seaports, there is a balance to the difficulties of transit which | materially present themselves, when J India only is mentioned. Though British India still ma- nalectires goods, it only exports them to a very li- mited extent. Capital and machinery, combined with the high rates of duty levied on Todia goods imported into England, have destroyed its power'to export. There has been a large increase in the ex- prt of cotton wool from India to Great Britain and hina since the year 1825, and the sum total is as follows, viz.:— A comparative statement of the quantity of cotton exported from the whole of Bri- tish India to Great Britain and China during the five years ending 1841-42, gives the following re- peas aint nari ‘ wees ype Ibs. ; China, 452, 1 » (Eng! . _ The average export per annum has been during this period—to Great rie tain, 66,125,966 lbs.; to China, 90,559,063 lbs.” The export to China is considerable, and since the peace | with that country, will doubtless increase. . The second consideration viz: quality, they dispose | of in a very satisfactory manner, and again quote from Dr. Rayle, who says as follo' “Tt is like- | wise distinguished trom the American short stapled | cottons for some ood qnalities. The first of these is color, by which yarn and cloth in which it 1s em- ployed are much ‘improved in appearance. The second is the swelling of its thread, which, when the cloth is bleached, enables the intermediate va- cancies to be filled up, giving the whole a more sub- stantial appearance. The third good quality is that in dyeing, it takes the color more uniformly than other cottons. The best quality of the Bombay cottons are those from Broach and Surat, which, in good seasons are found to be equal to middling bowed Georgia. With respect to long-stapled cot- tons, the presumption is that they can be grown in India of an equally fine texture with those of Ame- rica.” They also quote from the evidence taken before the House of Commens to show that the par- tial failure of India cotton has depended not upon the mal-adaptation of the soil to grow it, but to the miserable management of the natives who have had the charge of raising it. They also quote from Dr. Wallich, the superintendent of the Botanical | Gardens at Calcutta, which is highly encouragin as to the possibility of growing a good quality o cotton in India. From the facts collected it is be- lieved that the quality of Indian cotton may be so improved as to rival, in every respect, the oe of the United States. Of this there can little doubt—that larger quantitiés of Broach and Surat | cotton would find amarket in this country, if this supply could be relied on. _ % ‘he third consideration is rice, and on this head they say thatit varies in different districts, and the expenses of transit vary also. The tact, however, of the yearly increase of its preven cus pousaon into England in its imperfect state_shows that the opera- tion 18 profitable. Its price in Great Britain depends on its cleanness, which is a feature at present little attended to. ‘* With respect to. improved cultiva- tion, that is likely to be accomplished by the exam- ple afforded by experienced men now in the service ef the East India Company. As a proof of this it may be mentioned that at Dharwar the natives are cultivating about 3000 acres after the American mode, with every eg of success. As to clean pi¢king, that can only be secured by constant super- intendence and vigilance. Probably premiums giv- en to the cultuvators for the best picked cotton would be attended with beneficial results. As to cleaning, the churka used by tha natives of India appears best adapted to the cotton grown in India; the sawgin injuring the fibre, which is said not tobe quite so rong as the American. The churka, however, , not clean above 40ibs a day, whilst by the saw- in 1400 or 1500 may be cleaned. An instrument, jowever supposed to possess the excellencies of the churka and the sawgin, has been constructed in this country and sent to the three presidencies for trial.” They then make some remarks regarding the pro- pricty of reducing the land tax, and tax on tools now vied in India, and providing the means of cheap transit such as good and sufe roads, canals, bridges, and other improvements of a similar character, anc invite British capitalists to take advantage of this chance and secure to India and England markets of the richest andmost important kind, whilst in re- turn England would conter upon her the most solid advantages. If it should be said that in destroying the American market they would loose 17,000,000 customers, they would, in giving India that murket, gain 100,000,000 in,return. “At allevents this is cer- { tain, if India can supply cotton of equal quality and similar price with that from America, she will con- fer a vast boon on this country, and should she be able to supply it at a less cost, which it is believed with proper attention she may, she will be a mighty instrament in the hand of Divine Providence ot breaking down one of the most execrable tyrannies that exists on the face of the earth. These consice- rations should secure for this er the warm sym- pathy and hearty co-operation ot every British pa- triot and of every Christian philanthropist.” Mr. Arbuthnot, in the name of the Prime Minis- ter, gave them the assurance of Sir Robert that he would not fail to callthe attention of Her Majesty’s advisers to the suggestions with§which the Society had thus favored them. Great INCREASE OF PopUuLATION.—CENSUB OF Micuiaan ror 1845.—We have obtained as yet but few returns of the census which is being taken in this state, and which is tobe completed before the first Monday of November. The result in five of the oldest and longest settled towns in Jackson county shows an incréage since 1840, equal to 21 or 22 per cent. In one of two towns in St. Joseph county, from which we have seen returns, the result shows un increase of nearly 90 per cent in the last five years ; and in the other, but from which three sections, or one twelfth part of the area of the | township, had been taken away since 1840, the pre- sent census shows an increase since 1840, equal to about 32 per cent. No accurate estimate of the pro- bable rate of increase of population throughout the state, during the last five years, can be formed from the few returns yet received. The electoral votes ot 1844, as compared with that of 1840, would in- dicate an increase of a little over 25 percent in four years, equal to about 32 per cent in five years; but ihe number of scholars returned for the [ast school year, as compared with the returns of four or five ears ago, would indicate a much greater increase. ‘Although the state has not probably advanced in population for the last five years, as fast as it did between 1830 and 1840, yet there isno doubt that it ts increasing at a ratio about as great as most new states at the like periods of their growth, and one at which she is rapidly overtaking and nutstriping the smaller sized of the old states. The lowest estimate that can be formed of our present or pro- spective rate of increase. would gives us, in the lower peninsula alone, in less than a quarter of a century, a population of overa million inhabitants. Instead of being thefourth smallest in point of population of the twenty-six states of the Union, as | she was in 1840, Michigan will then be one of the middle-sized of some thirty-five or Oe ag states ; and instead of having, as she did in ), less than one eightieth part of the seventeen millions consti- tuting the population of the Union, as shown by the census of that year, she will then have over one | thing which promises pleasure, will, of cour: Anti-Rent Trials, Dexut, Oct. 4th, 1845. Delaware Oyer and Terminer—Hon. A, J. Parker, Presid: | ing Judge—John Van Buren, Aitorney General—J. A. Hughaton, Esg., District Attorney. The Court met this morning at 9 o’clock. “Arraigned and Discharged Valentine Kettle was ar- raigned on an indictment charging him with being dis- gulsed andarmed, and kidaapping-plead guilty. On ac. | count of his youth sentence was suspended, and he was discharged on recogniz ‘nces. Jason Sandford was arraigned en six indictments, |: charging him with being disguised and kidney ping ani Sandiord is a boy 18 years of age been under the imi control of aniel Northrup, the chief of the Ande The Dis- trlet Attorney proposed entering anetie prosequi in the indictment for murder, ond discharging the prisoner on | recognizences to keep the peace for one year. ‘The Court acceded to the suggestion, and he was dis- charged. Levi Sandford, indicted for robbery, being disguised and armed, plead guilty. In consequence of his youth, 2 himto pay a fine of $50 for’ bein, armed and disgu: Suspended sentence on the in- dictment for robbery; and discharged the defendant on recognizances being entered to keep the peace for one year. r indicted for conspiracy, kc. plead not John Bards guilty, George Tompkins plead guilty to an indictment for being armed and disguised, &c. Sentence suspended, and discharged on his own recognizances to keep the peace for ove year. ‘The Court now adjourned to Monday morning, at 9 o’clock, when a trial will probably be brought on. Deut, Oct. 8, 1845. The Ladies Industrial Association—Statistics of Mil lenery—Fair at the Academy—Village and City Bellee— Young Bachelors—Beauties of Delhi. After witnessing the -rending scenes about and within the log prisons, of this once peaceful and happy village—being compelled to listen to the details of trials for murder, pleas to indic'ments, etc. etc., any. » be hailed with delight. The ladies of the Episcopal Church here, have been engaged for some days past in getting upa fair and entertainment for charitable purposes. It came off last evening in the rooms of the academy, which had been tastefully decorated and brilliantly illuminated for the occasfon. At about 8 o'clock, we entered the halls, which were with eager and curious test annd loveliest girls in ‘nlike the cold formality and affectation, which reigns throughout the fashionable circles of a city, here all was freedom, gai and good humor. ‘There was no stiffness, awkwardness, nor conceit—the young ladies were neither formal, artificial, designing, nor sentimental, but lively, coquettish, rogueish and witty—full of funand mirth. The piquant reparieé and sparkling jest circulated freely, while happy, joyous strains of laughter, echoed right merrily through the halls There’ much that is dangerous and ,bewitching simple maid of nature. Tell me not that city re more refined, elegant, and intellectual—more agnificently arrayed—fascinating and brilliant—that they possess more refined and cultivated tastes—and have better opportunities for exercising them! But transport me, a bachelor of five and twenty, from the smooth, git tering varnish and pretended refinements of city li to these wild and romantic hille—place before tl f last night—let him gaze on those dark lustrous imming in thelr own ethereal essence—the ‘and voluptuous forms—the pouting lips—silken tresses—animated facesand well rounded erg ofthe congregated beaut ere assembled, and if he is the most inveterate woman hater in the world, somehow or other he will begin to think of matrimony, a home—a fireside—children—dometic {uy cenneh bliss, etc. He thinks perhaps for the first time in his life, how swoet it would be to have some one to share his success and console him in affliction—how lonely ana desolate is his own hearth, where he has sat joyless and companionles for years—he begins to feel that “ it ie not good for to be alone,” to ponder on what he shall do to himself fro dition. He has no curtain lect , but like a man, is resolved to brave his fate. Ihave no doubt such were the sage reflections of many young’ bachelors, and hope they may prosper in their good intentions. It would be difficult to say who was the belle of the evening—there were many who hed claims to that dis- ion. Miss E. 8., with eyes of violet blue, borrowing of illumination from her smiling and dimpling lips, may well contend for the palm—her form, cast in ir sco) nature’s finest mould, might ri itus of Venus. Eyes of admiration scan her beauties, and while they look they languish. She seems ig ‘gmalion’s statue waking ; Like Py The mortal and the marble still at strite, ‘And timidly expanding into life.” She has a competitor in the charming and coquettish Miss §. T., who is all heppiness and love —like sparklit and vivid champaigne, where she touches she intoxics Her delicious form inclining forwards, each motion riectitude of its Grecian contour; while ey the night, beam with lightning flashes ‘The gracetul and fascinating Miss A. F., yrue twined with her auburn tresses, ed the embodiment of archness and coquetry. Miss G of Hobart, attracted much attention and won the hearts of all beholders. . “Her form was fresher than the morning rose, ‘When the dew wets its leaves.” The lovely Mrs. P. and brilliant Mrs. 8. like Juno’s swans, moved in one circle and dazzled those who gazed. Miss R.P. and Miss A.P. were the centre of a coterie, who seemed fascinated by their conversation and many charm: Upon the whole, it was one of the pleasantest evenings we have ever spent, and all seemed gratified. AFFairs 1N Canapa.—We have fine autumnal weather. The dry goods trade continues brisk, and we believe that remunerativ: prices have generally yeen obtained at merchants’ auctions. Holders ap- pear wishful to clear off stocks. ‘al of our re- gular trading vessels with general cargoes have not yetarrived. 2 The Hon. L. J. Papineau has entered Canada. He is at present with some members ot his family in St. Hyacinth, about 20 miles from here. He intends to visit Montreal in about a week, He has been ab- sent about eight years. Some excitement has been caused among the Pro- testant population on account of several of the win- dows of St. Ann’s chapel of ease in Grittintown having been broken, which was attributed to the Irish Roman Catholics resident in that suburb; it appears however, merely to have been the work of peed drunken men in an affray among them- selves. An act will be applied for during the coming ses- sion of Parliament, tor power to construct a rail- road trom St. John’s to the province line, ator near Missisquoi Bay, in the Eastern townships, to be connected at that point with the Boston and Wel- lington railroad, with a branch into the neig1boring townships. Application will also be made for leave to-construct a bridge from the main land on the South side of the St. Lawrence to Jsle ala Pierre, immediately opposite Montreal, for the purpose ot establishing a more convenient ferry across the river than any yet established. — The number ot emi: its arrived at Quebec up to the 27th ult., was 24,910, showing an increase of 5,004 in favor of 1845. The increase in the number of cabin passengers is 513. The number of vessels arrived to the same date was 1296, showing a differ- ence in favor of 1845 of 171 vessels and 51, tons, as compared with the same period last year. The Beaubamoi? canal, twelve miles in length, to avoid the cascades and Cedar rapids—is now com- pleted, and will be fully opened on the 13th inst. The Montreal district and county cattle show have taken place this week. The stock exhibited show some improvement since last year. Some of the finest animals were impo! from the United States.—Livingston’s Montreal Letter, Oct. 3. American Ocean Streamers, Matt Lings.—The The Post Master General has issued proposals for carrying the mails of the United States as herein species we Le fee From a ‘gr tg wre Ln inE |, and back; or to Bristol, in Engl back ; orto Southhampton, in England, and on 2. From New York, by Cowes, in England, to An- twerp, in Belgium, and back ; or to Bremen, in Ger- many, and buck; or to Hamburg in Germany, and back. 3. From New York to Havre, in and back; or to Svs in France, and back. 4. From New York, to Lisbon, in Portugal, and back. | 5. From New York, by Havana, in Cuba, to New Or- leans, and back. 6. From New York, by-Havana, to Chagres, in Colombia, and back ; with joint or separate offers to extend the transportation to Pa- nama, and up the Pacitic, to the mouth of the Co- g fortieth of the forey baie which will by that time be contained in the United States.—Detroit Free Press, Sept. 30. An American Man or War.—The U. S, war steamer Jeflerson, Capt. Whitcombe, is now lying in Kingston Harbor, having arrived yesterday. The Jeflerson is an iron vessel, about 400 tons burden, pierced for 24 gnns on a flush deck, but having only two guns mounted. Her steam apparatus does not seem to be of much power, being of the Propeller kind, but she is heavily sparred as a three mastet echooner ; and is said to sail like a witch. She is certainly a very beautilul craft, and like all Yankee men-of-war, is kept in admirable order. Whenshe cast anchor yesterday, she was visited by Com- mander Fowell, H. M.S. Mohawk, and the visit was afterwards returned by the American Officer — At present both vessels have the flag of both nations flying at their Fore and Gaff.—Kingston, Canada, ig Sept. 30. A Heavy Marytann Law Surt.—The Hagere- town Mail states, that the heirs of the late J.T. Mason ‘and Thomas Harbine, have, or are about to institute le; proceedings in the Circuit Court of the United States, for the recovery of the tors nied estate, situated in Wash- ff ington county, ‘and col jing upwards of five thousend lumbia, and thence to the principal port in the Sand- wich Islands; or from Charleston, to the same, and back ; or from Pensacola, to the same, and back ; or from Mobile, to the same, and back ; or from New Orleans to the same, and back. 7. From New Orleans to Havana, and back ; with an offer to ex- tend to Kingston, in the island of Jamaica ; or frem Mobile to game, and back ; or from Pensacola to the same, and back ; or from Charleston to the same, and back, with an offer to supply Key West. It 18 intended, out of the foregoing list of routes, to make selection of one to Europe, and one to the Gult of Mexico and the Pacific, as may best be de- termined, after proposals tor service on all the routes are submitted—not relinquishing, however, the ight to place a greater number 1n operation, if it shall be deemed expedient. Suorrest PAssaGe EVER MADE BETWEEN QuEBRC AND Montreat.—The steamer ‘‘Quebec,” un Luckin, left the Napoleon Wharf, Quebee, on Wed nesday utternoon last, at a few Tine teas Hive aad aiter stopping at her usual landin; a, Three Rivers and Port St. Francis, arrived at this port at twenty minutes before four o’clock; distagce being 180 miles, beating the steamer ‘‘Montreal” by nearly one hour.— Montreal Oct. 8. | ses, comprising the calend Court Intelligence Genrrat Sessions, Oct. 6—Before Recorder Tall- madge, and Aldermen Stoneall and Bensun. M.C. Pat- terson, Esq., District Attorney. The October Term of this Court commenced this ing ; the following ca- iz :~ For manslaughter, 95 assault and battery with to kill, 3; rape, 1; attempt at rape, 1; bigamy, 1; forgery, 3; burglary, 6; lar. ceny false pretences, 3; conspiracy, 2; riot, 1, Total 34 new cases. Previously convicted, 1; previously in- dicted, 18; disorderly conduct, 6; bastardy, 1; total, 96 ‘old cass Total of old and new cases, 60. The following gentlemen were sworn as Grand Jurors for the Present term, win: Nathaniel wen foreman j Robert Adams, Jaco! tri . Davi . i r, WilliamE. Col- John Falconer, Edward Green, Ja x jills, William E. Millet, John McLane, Charles Oakley, Benjamin G. Rushton, Martin M. Smith, Oliver B. ba pcr g ad 1, FO | Wilson, who after a brief charge from the tired to commence their duties. The names ofeighty-four petit jurors were called, but only a small portion of them answered to their names. Several persons summoned to attend as grand and petit jurors, were fined for non-attendance at the last and present terms of this Court. Plea of Guilt—Cord Myers, indicted for stealing $75 worth of clothing from the store of Mr. J. H. Ward, in Maiden Lane, on bas: of Septe beret ee ered to plead guilty, and he was sentenced prisoned in the State prison for the term of two years. Forfeiture of Bail~The following ‘persons, who had been admitted to bail, failing to answer to their names when called upon for trial,their res ive recogaizances were declared to be forfeited:—William Wallace, in- from Thomas 8. Somers and $35 Counsellor Sickles, in Nassau street; also property from Messrs. Thomas & Coit, of No. 51 William street. - William Smith and Thomas McKinney, severally in- dicted for petit larcenies. The Court then adjourned until 11 0’clock to-morrow forenoon. Court of Chancery. Before the Hon. Lewis H. Sandford, Assistant Vice Chas- cellor. Oct. 6.—Decisions.—Enoch C. March ve. Stephen Lud- tum and others—O. H, Platt and J.«L. White for com- plainant ; E. Sandford for defendants. Decided that there was no fraud or it larity in the Loan Commissioner's sale to Ludlum. Bill dismissed with coms as to Sayre, and without costs as to the other parties. Deposition of Bloomer suppressed. New York Life Insurance and Trust C and others—W. Betts for complainant ; ljanning for defendants. Decided that no partof the payments made are to apply upon the principal ; and that from June 1, 1843, complainants are entitled to interest at 6 per cent. only. Decree‘for foreclosure and = Mery A. Dobson vs. Elisa Racey-—8. A. Crapo and T. W. Tuckerfor complainant; E. Ward and W. W. Camp- bell for defendant. Decided thet the deed to Harrison and from him to Racey, were in effectasale by Racey ‘as attoruey for Dobson to himself ; and that it cannot be . Decree for redemption and an account of rents, All further directions reserved. Joseph O. Conklin vs. Elkanah H, Conklin and others— 8. W. Gaines, for complainant ; J.T. Bradyy for Okell and others ; J. McKeon and S. D. Craig forheirs of Mo- ses C. Decided that Elkanah Conklin ‘took a life estate only in the lan ind that each of his sons took a vested remainder in fee. That the limitation over on the failure of male heirs was void for remoteness. That on the death of Ebenezer und IsaacC, their fathers, inherited their shares in remainder, and on his death all his children and grand-children inherited the same from him, Also decided, th far as the improvements made by the sur- viving sons (believing they were sole owners) enh the present value, they sheuld be allowed in a partition. Decree accordingly. Eder Le Foy vs. Executors of Abraham Le Foy ond others.—A Nash for complainant; E. Morrill pro ae; P. Wilson for the « ther defendants.—Master’s re) firmed except as to Henry Le Foy’s support ham/’s death. No costs to or against Henry’s executors. Decree for an administration account of the estates of Hester, Abraham, Henry and Thomas W. Le Foy, and surplus, if any, to tocomplainant. Receiver conti- nued and empowered to preserve the Penny... ppleby anda Hofinan for complainant; ©, Paget and Appleb; i for com 3 C. J. Ratt for defendant. Decided that there was no payment or merger of the rent, and complainant ac- quis lien on it by his foreclosure bill and receiver. Money decreed to the complainant. The Assistant Vice Chancellor announced that he would call his calender on Monday next. In Chancery. Before Vice Chancellor McCoun. Oct.6.—Decisions—Wm. Willis et al ve John Jacob -Astor.—A bill was filed in this case against the defend- ant to compel him to perform a certain covenant s lease made by him to complaioants, which lease utle tocertain property, and expired some three ago. The lease contaii ovenant to granta new lease of pay forthe buildings erected ou the premises, the round rent to be ascertained and charged 5 per cent in- Astor tendered a new lease for a term of 15 y andthe ground rent to be $150, complainant to pay all taxes, or be ejected. The complainant made the tease omitting the covenant to pay taxes, which lease Astor refused to give, and said ho would execute the lease he promised to give under the covenant in re! to the payment of taxes. That the defendant » rformed his covenant by executing the lease in the orm tendered to him by complain: as set forth in the complainant's bi is thereto annexed. within 20 days, ant pay the complainant’s costs of this suit. Southern Life Insurance and Trust Company ve. Thos. E. Davis et. al.—Ordered, that the plea stand allowed, with costs to the defendant, to be taxed, and with lil to the complainant, the Southern Life Insurance a Trust Company, to amend the bill by striking out the uames of the Mesers. Branch & Co, complainants,it they shall be 1d so to do within 20 days, and on at and if they shall not elect to en, thatthe complainants leave the hich to reply to and take pon the said John R. Murray, Executor, ident and Directors of the Mechanics’ Bank.— Decree adjudging and declaring the will and the trust therein contained of no force or effect to revive debts barred by statute jof limitation at the time of the making thereof, or of the death of the tee tator; but that the debts in ——— in favor of the Me- chanics’ Bank, and others, being debts of record, are af- fected by statute of limitations. John , Ad’r., ve, Cornelious B. Lawrence end —In this case it was ordered that demurrer be el- and bill be dismissed with costs, to be paid out of the estate in the land of the complainant, as administra- to Elizaj Dermott et. al. . Maria Me Gowan.—That jomececnoabewed and bill’ dismissed with costs. ye Court. ierea full Bench. Oct. 6—Dscii0ns.—Stephen Coupel ve. John C. Lin- dle.—Appeal dismissed with $7 costs. Robert Heganvs Patrick Kane.—Judgment affirmed. Charles A. Heeksher ve. Wm. Deckey.—Judgment re- versed and cause remanded back for new trial. Costs of certiorari to be paid by defendant in error. Philo Price, ~ saa ade. John Lestie.—Judgment of ‘os. granted. . C. Poppe Senior ve Barzitta Ransom.—Judgment a rx James Albvo—New trial rant on ment of costs, be Mark Hedley os. The Mutual Safety Insurance Compe ny.—Judgment for plaintiffs on demurrer to 4th and pleas, and for defendant on demurrer to 2d and 3d pleas, with liberty to each party to amend, and pay the costs. B.A. Campbell et als. vs. Edgar Harriott—This also came up on demurrer, bel ed Lesage and with li- berty to each party to ple ay the costs. “sen saeebicet cla. ade Dey ond chohlay. Mex txts) > nie dolphus N. Governeur ve.F. A. Palmer.—New trial granted. Cireult Court. Before Judge Edmonds. Oct, 6.—Polly Bodine.—Mr. Crank, of Richmond County, moved to vf Poliy Bodine, brought on as Court intimated it would be ndar This 7 don embarrassing case will, it r i mo oat ine no tal Several jurors .No oi is wes jurot peti Dil in, when the Court adjourned over to this ‘ue renoon. ” f mh Before Judge Vanderpoel. Ls aed Hebeas Corpus.—Judge Vande: decided, in the case of Michael B. Wolfe, arrested under a writ of has exeat, and who [ terete tong og would not leave State without permission from which he violated, having to Virginia. May last an aot wi by the yee of this reties for parties before the C Stale, empowering sureties fo Porinepain, when Wolfe ancer Virginia to New sur rou Ska bail. Hie Honor held, that’ the. sur- render was in accordance with the provisions of the new Taw, and Wolle was remanded. Com: Before Judge Daly. Oct. 6.—Alexander Newman vs. D. L. Sweeney.— Action brought to recover of defendant, as surity for a party na- med Staff, one quarters rent, due of premises No. 18 60. It was set up in defence that an ‘was made from the _ that during \uarter for which suit wes brought, the owner of the premises adjoining, made some alterations for bail certain improvements, which injured the house No. 18 Dutoh street, and compelled the tenant to vacate, he deeming it unsafe to remain in possession. Plaintiff hereupon showed that he offered the last quer- ter’s rent to the tenant provided he removed trom the » » Ver Be peaiprenose me ore Judge ral . Alegander Coen ve Be Van Nets and Sylwanue J Rapelje —This was an action on a note for $300, dated in Vay, 1845, and drawn by @ party named Stewart, and le le to defendants’ order, and by them endor- sed. Yt was shown for defence that the note was miss) pled contrary to arrangements being originally. Capp bog a party named Reed, for the purpose of gi mee counted at the Fulton Bank, whereupon Reed epplied it, contrary to agreement, to the payment of an old check, whioh wes not paid at the bank. Verdict tor defendants.