The New York Herald Newspaper, September 5, 1845, Page 1

Vol. XI., Ho. 234 —~Whole Ho. #106, STEAMSHIP CALEDONIA AT BOSTON. HALF A MONTH LATER FROM EUROPE. Firmness in the Cotton Market, Improvement in the Weather. The Queen’s Visit to Germany. AGITATION IN IRELAND. MANIA IN RAIL ROAD SPECULATIO American Affairs in Europe. PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT. American Securities. Ge. ec. Fe. The steamship Caledonia arrived at Boston at 6 0’- clock on Wednesday morning. She left Liverpool on the 19th ult. and we are in possession of advices to her day of sailing. The news may be considered important in seve- ral points of view. There was a firmness in the cotton market ; in some instances a slight improvement. The stock of corn on hand from last year’s crop is much greater than was supposed a month ago. The amount of specie in the Bank of England is no less than £16,000,000, an unusually large quanti- ty. Onthis account the bank refuses to purchase the Chinese instalment of $2,000,000 insilver, and it will be publicly sold. American stocks were improving. The London Money Market, however, was still affected by the weather. The Produce Markets were active. The railway speculation excitement continued; it is amania; the police were in requisition to keep the stock market clear. According to all appearances, agitation in Ireland is “dying out.” The threatened Orange demonstra- tion was a failure. The weather appeared more favorable for a good harvest. Mr. McLane has delivered his credentials to the Queen, and Mr. Everett his letters of recal. The American ambassador was anxious to enter upon the object of his mission instanter, but as Lord Aberdeen had arranged to accompany the Queen to Germany, the commencement of negotiations was postponed. Her majesty, it will be seen, has had a glorious reception on the continent. A London pa- per, in the Palmerstonian interest, says—“The visit of the Queen to the Rhine has given rise to a world of jealousies and mistrusts—has made courts anx- 10us, and diplomatists busy. The probability cf a war between the United States and Mexico, had caused a decline of nearly 2 per cent in Mexican bonds. The stocks of British goods on hand generally are stated to be slight. Parliament was prorogued on the (9th of August, by the Queen in person. During its session, it sane- tioned the construction of 2000 miles of new rail- ways in England and Scotland, and 560 miles in Ire- land. The capital authorized to be raised in shares for this purpose amounts to £31,680,000, exclusive ot £6 800,000 required for the Irish lines, making in all £238,480,000. Sir Robert Peel gave assurance that he contem- Lg no change inthe principle of the existing corn laws. Wilmer’s News Letter says:—“ Ministers have acted with great vigor and promptitude in Ireland, by dismissing Mr. Watson from the deputy lieute- nancy of a county for attending an Orange meeting, and publicly recommending the re-establishment of asociety under the ban of the law. They seemed determined to administer even-handed justice to Orangemen eon The great Orange meet- ing held at Enniskillen, on Tuesday, was _a failure, and the Repeal agitation is falling away in interest and revenue. 10,000 persons were present. The amount of woollen goods exported from Lon- a Se ies and ah ‘ lyde, from the Ist of January, , Was £3,578, 3 in 1845, $3,460,117. plore : The Queen has been Vol to approve of John J. Peavey, as Consul at Pictou, in Nova Scotia, and of Abraham Morrell, as Consul at Turk’s Island, for the United States of America. ‘The Paris papers regard an outbreak in Switzer- land as imminent. The Emperor of Russia has given permission for the importation of corn free of duty during the whole of this year, in the ports of Riga, Pernau, and Revel, a ae ccounts from Suna state that on the evenin, of the 9th ult., the fire again broke out in a large warehouse, but, by the efforts of the crews of a French and Austrian vessel, it was prevented from extending to the surrounding houses. The Paris Constitutionne states that the Jesuits have quitted the houses in which they lived in com- mon, and have gone to reside separately in the dwel- nee of private individuals. Sweden at Hy possesses forty-three steam- boats, of which seven are of iron,ot 1,963 horses’ power, the largest one hundred and twenty and the smallest of six horses’ power. Finland has eight, pt witch two regularly ply between Abo and Stock- jolm. The Austrian government has lately ordered that travellers arriving {rom foreign countries are to pro- duce, not only their passports, but their domicilary certificate (Hermathsechéin.) The Great Western was eighteen days on her last trip to Liverpool. ‘The seven foreigners—Brazilian, Spaniards, and others—condemned to death at Exeter, for the mur- der of Mr. Palmer and eight English seamen, in charge of the prize Brazilian slaver Felicidade, have been respited to await the decision of the fifteen Judges on the points of law raised in their favor. It is contended that, according to the principles of ir- ternational law, the vessel was illegally seized, and the captain and crew afterwards held wron; fully in custody, from which they had a perfect right to de- liver themselves, even by the death, if necessary, of their captors, or those who continued to hold them illeg!ly in custody. Should this point be ruled in favor of the prisoners, as it probably will, Sir Robert Peel’s Slave Trading Bill will not be worth the parch- Ment it 1s written on, lectric telegraphs are to be established on all the railways throughout France. The dome of St. Peter’s, at Rome, is in so dange- Tous a state, that iron arches have been erected to prevent its fall. An Irish Roman Catholic priest has projected, with the favor of the Mexican government, the es tablishment of an Irish colony’ on the Bay of San F rancisco, California. The immenee and valuable naval arsenal of Mou- rillon, at Toulon, was destroyed by fire on the Ist instant. The disaster was imputed to convicts,who subsequently escaped during the confusion, and de- oti hd property to acto of 2,400,000 francs. Subsequent accounts i mae leny that any convicts are The Syrian question still remained unsettled, and Fa deel was suffering much from want of stvtae ta tee of i arrived in Paris, and will, no doubt, give publi exhibitions like the loways. Mr. Carlin’ the rreat traveller among the Indian tribes, is still here, and his exhibition of Indian paintings and curiosities is stillopen. Itis somewhat singular that both he and Little Wolf, the chief of the Ioway tribe that he brought to Paris, should both have lost their wives in this city. ch sympathy has been shewn to Mr. Catlin, not alone by his countrymen, but by the English and the Parisians, With respect to Little Wolf, Seorrusiog. Was done to console him when here, and, since his departure, a very elegant monu- ment has been erected to the memory of his wife, in the cemetry of Montmatre. the Ojibbeways, have _ The election for Sunderland has terminated in the | signal defeat of “the League,” by Mr. Hudson; the | most signal defeat that they have’ as yet obtained— | for, though overwhelmed by greater majorities at | Exeter and elsewhere, Mr. Hudson’s majority was | 13 0 of 1124 electors who polled. On no other occa- | sion did the League make such desperate exertions | --employing, without reserve, all lawful and unlaw- | ful means to ensure a victory, even to the extent of violence. | _ Some of the newspapers have been endeavoring to | find out the cause of the extensive pauperism which | unhappily exists in the United States. In England | the misery of the people is laid upon the backs of the | aristocracy ; but as there is no landed aristocracy in | America, one of our knowing scribes asserts that wretchedness of the poor is to be traced to the re- | ne form of government, and another to the faulty construction of human society ; others, how- | ever, more sensible, say that the pauperism which | exists in the United States is principally owing to the great number of persons who proceed there every year from Europe, without the means of ex- istence _ Prorocation or Parttament.—The Imperial Par- liament was prorogued on Saturday, the 9th instant, with the usual ceremonies, by her Majesty in person. Her Majesty, in a clear and distinct tone, read the following speech :— “My Lords and Gentlemen, “I rejoice that the state of public business enables me to release you from further attendance in Parliament. “In closing this laborious session, | must express to you my warm acknowledgements for the zeal and assi- duity with which you have applied yourselves to the consideration of many subjects deeply affecting the pub- lic welfare. “T have given my cordial assent to the bills which you presented to me for remitting the duties on many articles of import, and for removing restrictions on the free ap- plication of capital and skill to certain branches of manu- factures. “The reduction of taxation will necessarily cause an immediate loss of revenwe, bnt I trust that its effect in stimulating commercial enterprise, and enlarging the means of consumption, will ultimately provide an ample compensation for any temporary sacrifice. “Ihave witnessed with peculiar satisfaction the unre- mitting attention which you have bestowed on the mea- | sures recommended by me to your consideration at the commencement of the session, for improving and extend- ing the means of academical education in Ireland. “You may rely upon my determination to carry thoso measures into execution in the manner best calculated to inspire confidence inthe institutions which have recei' ed your sanction, and to give effect to your earnost de- sire to promote the welfare of that part of my dominions. Amsouuall doratgnnow ack Leon bane to vicelys assur: of their friendly disposition towards this country. ‘ntlemen of the House of Commons, “The convention which I have recently concluded with the King of the French for the more effectual sup- pression of the slave trade, will, | trust, by establishing a cordial and active co-operation between the two pow- ers, afford a better prospect than has hitherto existed of complete success in the attainment of an object for which this country has made so many sacnifices, “T thank you for the liberality with which you have voted the supplies for the service of the current year. “My Lords and Gentlemen, “On your return to your several counties, duties will devolve, scarcely less important than those from the per- formance of which I now relieve you. “T feel assured that you will promote and confirm, by your influence and example, that spirit of loyalty ‘and contentment which you will find generally prevalent throughout the country. “Tn the astntes of all the functions intrusted to you for the public welfare, you may confidently rely on my cordial support; and i ‘implore the biessing of Divine Providence on our united eftorts to encourage the indus- try and increase the comforts of my people, and to ineul- cate those religious and moral principles which are the surest foundation of our security and happiness,” The Loxp Cuancei.tor.—It is her Majesty’s royal will and pleasure that the present Parliament be prorogued i ‘Thursday, the 4 of October pest; Snil this Perlis: Tent is accordingly prorogued to Thursday, the 2d of October next. Her Majesty then rose from the throne, and the royal procession left the House in the same manner in which it entered. Her Manny left the House of Lords at half past two ‘clock. The procession returned in the same order in which it quitted Buckinghom Palace. Her Majesty looked in excellent health, as also did Prince Albert. Her Majesty wore a splendid tiara of | diamonds on her head, a brilliant necklace and stomach- er, and a dress of white satin. Altogether the scene jin the House was of a most imposing description. American Trape wrrn Curna.—The last arrival of papers from China at Southampton, puts us in possession of journals from Canton and Hong Kong, from which we extract the following commercial in- formation for the perusal of our American readers. Our attention has been drawn to this document by our private correspondent at Ilong Kong. Mr. M’Gregor, her majesty’s consul at Canton, has laid before the public, through the medium of the government paper, returns ef the foreign trade at the port of Canton for the year 1844. It is unneces- sary for us to copy all the items of the tabular state- ments; we class them under their various heads, thus giving, in a condensed form, all the information which will be required by the general reader, re- fasting the commerce of foreign nations with ina. AMERICAN TRADE. Imports—In 49 American vessels of 20292 tons bur. den, during the year ending the 31st of December, 1844: 1, Manufactures of wood. . 4,538 Manufactures of cotton. .... 3. Miscellaneous articles, raw & manu’d 4. Treasure. . American imports in 1844, including $1,225,700 in treasure. . Exports—-In 43 American ves: ‘ for the year ending the 31st of Dec , 194 1, Sundry articles of raw produce, inclu- ding camphor, silk and rhubarb. . . 2. Tea, 115,746 peculs. . 3. Manufactured articles 2,445,579 Americas exports in 1844. ........ . $6,68 We were scarcely prepared for the result of the re turns of the American trade, being under the impression that in imports—especially of cotton fabrics—there had lately been a large increase : the opposite, hi pears to be the case. From statements pu we learn that at that period the American imports at Can- ton, exclusive of bills or bullion, were 2,324,081 dollars; for 1844 they only amount to 1,220,170 dollars, showing a falling off’ of 1,013,514 dollars. In exports there is a moderate increase, the respective amounts are :— American exports from Canton ir 1831-2. .5,857,731 Do do in 1844. ,.6,686,171 Increase in exports. .....+... 828,440 Cuinesr Ransom Moxey.—A fresh instalment of the Chinese ransom money, which was brought to ingland by the Cambria, arrived in London on the 4th inst. ‘The whole of the ransom, consisting of 2,000,000 dollars, which was deposited in 500 boxes, and weighed about 62 hundred weight, was convey- ed by the south-western railway, under a military guaro. On its arrival it was placed in ten wagons, each drawn by four horses, and taken to the Mi There is another portion of Syce silver expected, which will be the last of the ransom. Srare or tHe Weatuer.—The season continues | a fruittul subject for augury. The character of the weather during the last, differs but little from that of the preceding BHIAGhE: Alternate days of rain and the absence of it, keep the weather-wise on the qui vive. Of sunshine there has been little; the tem- perature continues low, and,the process of ripening 1s necessarily tedious. ‘The Corn markets continue to rise slowly, and the state of uncertainty still de- ters speculation on a large scale. The later the har- vest, as we before had occasion to remark, the greater the risk about the yield. In many parts of tue country the heavy falis of rain have prostrated the corn, and the absence of warmth prevents the injury from eis | adequately, or even partially, re- perten. Even in the southerninost parts of the island harvest operations can scarcely be said to have been commenced. The daily papers fill column after cc- Jnmn about “the weather and tae crops,” and public attention is fixed intently upon the result. The best accounts come from Ireland. There are many who say that the injury so far has not been irreparable, and that a fortnight’s fine weather would still go far to repair it. ‘Tie potato crop in the, northern coun- ties has providentially been luxuriant this year.— ‘This, in itself, is a great blessing, for that esculent enters largely into the food of the laboring classes, id in the event of bread attaining a high figure, po- tatoes would go far as a substitute. —Wilmer’s Times, Aug. 16. Stam Sucarn.—The London Gazetle, ot the 12th inst., contains an order of council—agreeably to the act of 1844, for admitting sugar the growth ot free labor at a reduced rate of duty, and for empowering her Majesty to declare, from time to time, by order in council, that the sugars of any kguilin are not the produce of slave labor—declaring that the sugars of Siam are not the produce of slave labor, and admit- ting them into the market subsequent to July 1, 1845, at the reduced duties. The order is dated Augus' Porro Rico Sugans.—An attempt was made to dispose of a cargo of slave-grown sugar, from the Spanish colony of Porto Rico, at Liverpool, on the Mth inst. ‘The cargo eonsisted of 175 hhds. 41 tres. and 114 bbls. ex Grasshopper. ‘The highest bid for the first lot was 24s. -they were withdrawn ; one lot only of the bbls. was sold at 24s 6d, but for the others no more than 233 was offered, and they, too, were withdrawn. Much disappointment was felt by the importers, as it was said that the last transactions in London were at 243 to 258 in bond, and that two cargoes had been sold there, to be delivered in the Mediterranean, at 268, | in Saxony than in Limousin. NEW YORK, FRIDAY MORNIN ‘Tne Sugar Trapr —A very minute inquiry has been instituted among the grocers and retail dealers throughout the metropolis and adjoining districts, the result of which is both curious and interesting. Ia the wealthier quarters the incraase in the consump- tion of sugar varies from 10 to 20 per cent, but in the eastern part of the town and poorer suburbs, it actu- ally ranges from 30 to 60 per cent. Inptan Corn.—Mr. E. Eseott has given notice, that early next session he will move a resolution that maiz? or Indian corn be imported into this eoun- try free of duty. _Mx. Evererr.—Mr. Everett, who has for a con- siderable time past filled the post of American Min- ister at the British Court, is on the fpoint of taking | his Ge for the United States, on the termina- tion of his mission to this country; and the Hon. Gentleman having made a request that orders may be given for the free shipment, aud without exami- nation, of his effects on board « vessel bound for Boston, the Lords of the Treasury have given di rections to the revenue authorities to show Mr. Everett the respect usually given to persons of his rank, in the examination of his private baggage and effects on his departure from this conntry. ‘Tite Expraimentat Fieet.—The barque Ceylon, off Falmouth, onthe Mth instant, reports that she passed the experimental squadron, on the 9th in lat. 46.41 N.,lon.920 W. A merchantman which ar- I y on the 11th, stated that on the 8th ult., in lat. 11 30 W., he heard reports of firmg in a seuth- westdirection, supposed to have beea the experi- mental fleet exercising. The merchant vessel Wan- derer, arrived in the Downs, reports her having yassed through the British fleet of eight sail of the ine anda steam sloop on the 9th instant, lat. 48 20 N., lon. 930 W. Nicwr Ascenv or Mr. Green.—On the 4th ins this celebrated wrial voyageur—the “Columbus o} the skies”—undertook the perilous feat of a night ascent in his balloon, displaying fireworks of a novel and extraordinary description from the ear of his frail machine. Mr. Green ascended alone, having been previously solicited by the Earl of Munster and Lord G. Beresford to allow them to accompany him ; but Mr. Green felt it his duty, on account of the hazard- ous adventure, to decline the honor. Mr, Green ef- fected a safe descent, after a passage of 25 miles; and, not finding any assistance, took up his night’s quarters in a pea-field, near Entield, till daylight, when he returned to London, where he was met by a large number of friends, who were anxiously wait ing the news of his return. _ Reniarous Persecvrioy ix Prussia.—A letter from Halberstadt, in Prussia, of the 7th, says: “M. Ronge preached here to-day, in the Court of the Ca- thedral. As he terminated his sermon with the words, ‘Rome must and will fall,? a Catholie ex- claimed, ‘And you also, heretie,’ and then advanced to M. Ronge with the intention of throwing a stone athim, but another Catholic, who was near the preacher, prevented this, and knocked the oifender down with a stick. A great tumult then ensued, and the troops were called out, and forced to use their arms. It 1s said that several persons were se- verely wounded. Before peace could be restored, the partizans of M. Ronge had pulled to the ground the nouse of the man who had menaced him.” Tue Risteys on tHE Contixent.—The continen- al papers continue to teem with the most enthusias- tic encomiums on the performances of the Risleys, father and son. So great has been their success in the principal capitals of Europe, that they have been obliged to forego engagements amounting to twenty thousand florins in order to open in Paris at the Porte St. Martin, at their stipulated time—the first week in August. One of the Vienna papers con- tains a long and highly complimentary notice ot their appearance at the St. Joseph Theatre, in that city, last month, where they took the phlegmatic Germans by surprise. ‘The Vienna critic says:— “The beauty of the performance of the Risle: does not consist so much in the exhibition of mu cular strength asin their adroit elasticity and their indeseribable grace. fellow, the boys beautiful children. The spectator is surprised and delighted at their feather-like leaps, and their bounds are as daring as if their bodies were made of Indian rubber, instead of veritable bone and muscle. Their elegant silver dresses, the variety of their feats, the novelty, and aboye all, the refined and classic taste that marks every phase of their performance at once, stamped their popu- larity inthis city. A hurricane of applause fol- lowed their efforts, and the ballet which introduced them composed by M. Pickler, of Brussels, con- tributed muca to their success.” Tue Ancric Exreprrion.—The Baretto Junior transport, which vessel, laden with stores from Cupt Sir Joha Franklin’s expedition, and ordered to uc- company the Erebus and Terror, Capt. Crozier, to the edge of the ice, has returned, and brings very favorable accounts of the prospects of the expedition. One letter, dated July 1th, says:—‘ Here we are, laden and moored ina snug little cove among the Whale Fish Islands, east coast of Greenland, lat. 69 9, long. 5310 W. Our fellows are in high spirits and robust health. The weather is delightful. We have the sun all the twenty-four hours, and the middle of the day 1s really very warm, notwithstanding from the top you can count, speaking within bounds, at least 2 thousand icebergs. We pursue our voyage on Monday. Large collections have already been made in natural history, especially in marine an mals such as crustaca medusa, &c., several hun- dred in number, and a great many of a new kind.” This letter, it is stated, was written by the midnight sun. Exrraorvinary Case or Crim. Con.—On Friday last, at the Croydon ass! tion was brought b Ir. Cook, an attorney, against the Rev. Mr. Weatherall, a minister of the Church of England, and rector of Byfield, in Northamptonshire, for criminal conversation with his own daughter, the wife of the plaintiff. A verdict of £3,000 damages was returned. Tok Zoutvereix.—Among the causes that here exercise the greatest influence on the state of manu- factures, the extent of the market may be ranked as the first. The Zollverein in this point of view has litde cause to envy France, there being 28,000,000 of consumers instead of 35,000,000, so that the ditter- ence 1s very small. Another point of the first im- portance is the means of communication. In tha; Germany is worse provided than we are; she has few navigable rivers, scarcely any canals, and it is the latter which afford the means of cheap convey- ance; her roads are as good as those in France, but they are burdened with heavy tolls. As to rail- roads, she is in aboutthe same condition as Franc she possesses them only in perspective. important consideration connected with manut tures, is the high price of the raw material. Cou! abounds in a few of the German proninces, in Sile- sia, on the banks of the Ruir, in Westphalia, as well as,at Sarrebruck, about the same price as in France. The Zollverein produces every year 2,750,000 tons; the produce of France is 3,500,000 tons,and of Eng- Jand 30,000,000 tons. With regard to iron,without its being cheaper than in England, or even in Belgium, it ailords to the consumer better conditions than with us. M, Goldenberg estimates that in the Zoliverein a ton (1,000 kilos) of rough castings, with coke, is worth 86f, while in France it is 13 or rough castings, with wood, the prices are respectively 120t. and 170f. The Germans are very skiltul metallur- gists; they excel in casting articles of taste, and from their ores, called spathigues, they manufacture asteel which has been long renowned. We have the same ore in Dauphine, but we have not discover- ed the means of turning it to such good accouar; and fine steel, which is of the first importance in making the finest kinds of tools, is very dear with us, Wit regard to other raw materials, which are produced by agriculture, circumstances which may be called artificial, and which are due to the foresight of the Governments and to the judgment of private indivi- duals, give an advantage to Germany. hus the wools of Germany are of a very superior quality. What would not our intelligent manulacturers at [1 boeuf and Sedan produce it they had such materials to work on! Long since, the nobles who possessed the soilin Saxony and Silesia, very diflerent from those of France, who turned their attention to shi- ning at Court, were engaged _in the improvement of their flocks, and the country is now deriving the be- nefit of it. In 1837, it was estimated that the Zolive- rein possessed 19,000,000 of sheep, the wool ot which was worth annually 94,000,000f. In 1841, it was es- timated that France possed 32,151,000 sheep, the value of which including wool, flesh, and every other profit that could be derived, from them, only amounted to 120,000,000f, ‘This calculation shows how much interior our sheep are to those of Ger- many. Flax is cultivated with success in the verein. For silk the climate is too cold, althou Attempts are now being resumed, and on a grand seale, such as were formerly much encouraged by Frederick the Great ; their supply, is, however, ob- tained on advantageous terms from Italy. Cotton 1s inported on about the same conditionsasin France; and clay for the manufacture of china is less pur i ‘Thus, we see that, with regard to raw materials, the Zollvereim is at least as well provided as France, On the other hand, the solicitude of princes, or the favor of the public, had tor a long series of years given the great- est encouragement to some Sethe branches ot manutacture. Every one knows the perfection to which the manufacture of porcelain is carried on in the royal establishment of Meisven, in Saxony ; and The father isatine, handsome | Another | igh | the repui ‘The: tation of Saxon damask linen is universal. | re articles to which no rival was ever found | j until the late French exhibition in 1844, where articles were produced, which even Saxeny herselt would find it difficult to equal. Manual labor, which plays so important a part in the manufacturing in- | dustry. is, or appears to be cheaper in Germany than | in France. Itis thus manifest. that thejutare pros- | | beets of the Zollverein,are brilliant, and the arucles Which she now imports it will soon manufacture for | itself, and even have the means of exporting. On | this head, the past isthe guarantee of the future. In | | 1834 the Zollverein imported 5,500,000 kilogrammes, | of raw cottons, which it manufactured into stuils of | different kinds; in 1843 it imported 15,000,000, or nearly triple. For the same purpose she imported from England in 1834, 13,500,000 Icilos. of cotton twist; in 1843 the quantity had increased to 24,300,000 | kilos. The Zollverein exports to the markets of America, cloths, linens, and even hosiery, produced in Saxony, at a lower price than they can be manu- factured even in England. ‘The manutacture of silk goods has increased almost as much as that of cot- ton. ‘The metallic arts are making rapid progress. ‘The art of tanning and preparing leather has general- y improved. The ceramic arts are flourishing — ‘he manufacture of paper has improved and is ex- tending. Germany has long been famed for the manufacture of articles of payrer maché, toys, and cabinet work. Nuremberg has for ages turnished Europe with children’s playthings. ‘The mechanical arts are not stationary; ina word, the Zollverein isa great manufacturing power, which treads close on the heels of France and England.—Journal des Débats. The Queen’s Visit to Germany, Hier Majesty has at length set out upon her long | projected visit to the continent, atter having dismissed the peers und the representatives of the people from their arduous labors during a protracted | sescion, to the enjoyment of a welcome recess. | ‘The royal cortege left Buckingham palace shortly | after four o'clock on Saturday afternoon, and, pass- | ing through Pimlico and Vauxhall bridge, proceed- jedata ae rate towards Woolwich, where the | Royal yacht and her consort, the Black Eagle, lay | | | in readiness to convey the royal party to Atwerp.— Her Majesty stepped “on board at twenty minutes past five o’clock, and the “re yacht having let go her moorings, dropped gallantly down the river, amidst the roaring of cannon, followed by the Black Eagie and Porquepine Government steamers. They remained at Sea Beach during the night, weighed anchor on Sunday morning, passed through the Nore at half past four o’clock, and were seen 30 miles above Flushing about four o'clock on Sun- day afternoon, and arrived off Antwerp about a quarter to six on Sunday evening, amidst the cus- tomary salutes, and the ro; party were imme- diately visited by the autho s, but did not land that night. Her Majesty had a very rough passage, and the rain fell so heavily as ina great measure to prevent her from being on deck duriag the voyage. mmediately on her arrival her Majesty despatch- ed letters announcing it to the King of the Belgians and the Kingof Prussia. The next morning about a quarter to seven the Queen and Prince Albert caine on shore, amidst a | royal salute and the cheering of the crew of the yacht and of the three other steamers (who manned | the yards,) as well as of the spectators on shore.— Both her Majesty and his Royal Highness looked remarkably well. The royal visitoss and their suite proceeded in carriages duwn the Canal au Beurre, | the Vielle Mprche au Ble, the Place Verte, and the | Meir, to the railway station, and where the royal train, (a magniticent one) was waiting to convey | them to Malines, the central point ot the Belgian Railway, and the one selected for the interview be- tween Queen Victoria and their Belgian Majesties. | The oe and Queen of the Belgians, accompanied by their Royal Highnesses the Duke ot Brahant and ! the Court of Flanders, awaited the arrival of their august visiters in the large sitting-room of the sta- | don. | The SU ae incident occurred previ- ously to the arrival of her Majesty at Woolwich dock-yard:—At half-past three o’clock the gates ot the dockyard were thrown widely open, and a cabrio- let came thundering down the carriage-drive, whic was hailed with a buzz of expectation by the assem- | bled multitude, and, the moment it stopped, a geatle- » with a blue bag stepped lightly from the vehicle, and approached the water’s edge with so much of the air distingué us to impress the bystanders with idea that he was a continental prince, or, at the very least, a foreign field-marshal. The royal | barge was immediately hailed, and, the “illustrious | foreigner” having gone on board, the illusion of his | consequence was dispelled from the minds of his in- | quirers by the blunt answer of a suberdinate, that it was only a Mr. Isidore, her Majesty’s barber. Engilsh Opinions of American Atfatrs. From Liverpool Mail, Aug. 16.] ‘The ambition of the federal government of the United States for the acquisition of territory, we find, by the latest advices, is likely to receive something ‘lik ob: struction. Mexico has declured the project of Texan annexation to be unjust and daugerous, and has called upon her people to resist the usurpation, and defend their rights, Itis quite cleur that the treaty which guaran- teed the independence of Texas, contained a stipulation that the revolted province should attac self to no oth- er government without the consent of the Mexicans. We do not, therefore, see on what ground the eucroach- mentcan be justified.’ It becomes a question whether, if Mexico is uiable to cope with the grasping ambition and military strength of the American Union, it will not be | the duiy of the powers of the old world to come forward | to her assistance. | [From London Standard, August 12.] The inditference with which the latest usurpation made by the United States as regarded in the old world can be but little flattering to the vanity or to the ambitious hopes of the Republicans of North America. I'he act, though an act of atrocious perfidy and of most unjust violence, is not looked upon as materially lowering the character of the United States for political honesty, too lainly, because that character could not be lowered.— rhe accession of a very large territory to the union ex- cites no alarm, as plainly, because no one feels appre- hension of any serious injury from that ill-compacted association ; while, in its present condition, and indeed under every imaginable condition in which it canbe | placed, the commonwealth must incur weakness, not derive strength, from the extension of its frontier.— Hitherto the republic has subsisted because of its local separation from all powerful states ; for though the British colonies touch its northern boundary, Great Britain has no motive and but little opportuni engaging, cum toto corpore regni, with the republi doteuce of its colonies is all that its hostility with the | States has ever contemplated, and for that defence a casual gnd comparatively trifling effort has always been found sufficient. ‘Discontented, however, as it would appear, with this happy state of security the northern Republicans resolve to go in pursuit | of formidable neighbours since no formidable neigh- bours are approaching them. ‘The Mexicans was not, indeed, at present a formidable power ; but their local | circumstances may enable them to prolong a struggle | until they shall become formidable in military quali- ties and in alliances; and whether the northerns triumph or sink in that struggle, the event will be as fatal in the one case as the other, for success will be but an extension of the war to the southern continent. We should regret more than we do the certain doom of the United States, thus madly precipitated by its own acts, if the moral improvement of the population of the great commonwealth had advanced with the extension of that population or with the progress that it has mace over the | surface of the earth. Such, however, has not been the case. The most devoted patriot of the republic will scurcely venture to assert that such bes been the case— that the present generation is more intelligent, more honorable, or more honest than that which went before it—than the generation to which the commonwealth owes its independence. It were invidious to compare the intelligence, the honor, and honesty of the present United Stutes generation with those of its British | German, or French contemporaries. Nothing can be more certain than the extraordinary moral advancement | | of the population of the old world during the last 60 or 60 | years. Has there not been a corresponding retrograda- | tion in the United States ? Now, should this be the case, as we acknowledge with pain that it is, the interest of | mankind will suffer nothing by the dissolution of a | tem so little favorable to the moral elevation of our rac ond therefore we can contemplate with indifference, at least, that breaking up of the commonwealth, of which’ the annexation of Texas and the Mexican war are so obviously the commencement. ‘The unwieldy extent of the common: wealth, as it appears upon the map, held in security only as is manifest by the equipoise of its extremities, would | hardly seem to bear an addition to disturb its equilibrium, | and this geographical intimation of insecurity, whatever it may be considered worth by itself, is more than eon- | firmed by the moral state of the vast’ extent of country concerned. There exists in the United States as greata | variety of manners and purs:tits, as striking a contrast of opinion, and as violent an opposition of interests as | can be found in the different states of Europe. With us | of the old world these elements of discord are held down to the quiet condition of grounds of political separation only, because each state being represented by its own | Government, indulges in its own habits and manners, | maintains its own opinions, and prosecutes its own rests unmolested and unmolesting. With the restraints we have, we still see enough of the effect of the ele- interests, and their habits and manners altogether repug- nant; but the greatest repugnance inall respects prosents | itselt in that fivision wit would constitute the third | republic, and this is the division aggrandised by the ac- | {uisition of Texus. We hove heard it remarked by an old inhabitant of the country, thut steam, which is so in- | timately uniting the different nations of Europe in friend. ship, Was about to sever the only remaining ties be- tween the States east and those west of the iigbanien: the ties of consanguinity and personal friendship. For- | mouly, said he, the people slong the valley of the Missis- ippi Were accustomed to descend that stream with their cargoes of lumber, and to save the time that must be lost | in ascending a strong current, they were accustomed to | return by a land journey east of the mountains Hen acquaintance, friendship, commercial connections, and marriages, were frequent between the inhabitants of the eastern and western States, and the opposition of interests was in§some measure neutralized by privats feeling, while the still increasing dissimilarity of manners and opinions was much retarded. Steam has put an end to this. The Western American ascends as he has descend- ed the Mississippi in asteamer, and knows less of his eastern fellow citizens than of the Englishmen or other Europeans, or the South Americans, whom he meets at New Orle ‘The alienation has hitherto been inert, but it will manifest iteelf at the first opportunity, and the annexation of Texas and the Mexican war seem tothreaten this opportunity. Will the northern and tera States submit toa long and heavy taxation to pport along and difficult war for an object really op- osed to their interests, and, in the case of the northern Brates, outraging their political and religious principles ; for be it regarded in whatever light it may, the war for Texas is a War against the abolition of slavery! Will the New Englanders submit to along and heavy taxation to support a war forsuch an object? But the Mexicans have it completely in their power to make the taxation long and heavy, by making the war obstinate and tedi- ous. The bad character of the republic in respect to its pecuniary dealings debars it of that resource by which governments in good credit can at first reconcile war to a people—namely, borrowing. ‘The beginning ot a war ma country like England is always a season of great commercial activity, aadof at least temporary prosperi- ty, because much more is distributed among the people in the various forms of military expenditure than is ta- ken from them in taxes, the balance being supplied by loans to be repaid ata distant day. The case would be different with America. She has no credit-and heavy taxation for the attainment of an object not merely unpo- pular but detestable, with the richest, most intelligent, and powerful States of the Union, would be extremely likely to present the “ beginning ‘of the end.” (From the Liverpool Mercury, Aug. 15.) The Mexican Government has_ issued a declaration of war against the United States, or something tantamount to it—namely, a formal announceinent that Mexico will not sub- mit to theloss of a portion of her territory, long schemed for by America, in the midstot the most friendly professions, and now to be clutched by a treat ot annexation with the revolted pro- vince. ‘'o resist this encroachment, a general arm- ing of the republic is decreed, to protect, or rather, to recover possession of its territory, andif the Mex- icans are as bold in deeds as words, war must be 2 were those who rejoiced whenever the such failures, but those failures proved the whole population. Where was an ion to lay by a store of corn, on which the people could rely, it was tantamount to a nati | misfortune. (Hear, hear.) In reply Sie J. Gray A. ghee The noble lord following the course of the Queen's specch at the commencement of the session, had adver- ted first to questions of foreign policy, and next to ques- tions of domestic policy. ith regard to the first branch of the subject—namely, our foreign beet dong was happy to be able to concur in everything that had fallen from the noble lord, who had congratulated the house and the country that, whereas at the close of speculators made often injurious to session there was some fear of a passing misunderstand- ing with F1 now, happily for the peace of Forspe, for the peace of the world, and for the welfare of this country as well as of France, there was a perfectly good understanding between these two nations. He cordially agreed with the noble lord the deep regret he expressed for the lo: e were about to a in the departure of the able and excellent minister, Mr. Eve- rett ; but when the United States were represented by a gentleman so well known and so highly esteeme Amongst us as the minister who had just red, he quite conviced that while this cane was ed in the discussion of the question which was pending re- specting the Oregon, the negociations would be directed on both sides by a sincere desire to maintain relations of amity between the two countries. * * * * © He wonld now turn for one moment to the topic of corn. The motion of the noble lord he was inclined to think had its origin in the gloom and mist which hung over the Surrey hills at the time when the noble lord first put his notice on the books ; and he was inclined to think that they were indebted for the speech of the noble lord to the topic to which he adverted towards its clo: he stated his apprehensions as to the coming harvest. The noble lord said that the country at this moment with respect to corn was in a position which excited great anxiety, and, as he understood the noble lord, almost un- paralleled. “The quantity of foreign corn in bond at this moment was 450,000 quarters, In August, 1839, when the noble lord was responsible for the conduct of affairs, the quantity in bond was 61,000 quarters. There was also at that'time in the coffers of the Bank of England onthe 6th of August, 1839, only £2,400,000 of speci while at the preseut moment the amount was £16,000,000. Hoves or Commons, August 5.—Mr. Paxixaton re- ferred to a petition whict had been presented im refer- ence to an improved postal communication betweenEng- land and Newfoundland and inquired what steps had been taken upon that subject. In reply to which—_ Mr. G. W. Horr s1 his noble friend had, he believed received for presentation to her Majesty dress upon the sume subject as the petition which he had pro- sented to that House. The Government had butone ob- ject in these matters, to confer generally as possible the advantages of postal communication ; and, upon the receipt of the petition and the address alluded to, the question of whether the prayer of the inhabitants of the colony in question, that the packets should call out and home at St. John’s could be complied with consistently with due despatch as regarded the other Ame: lonies, had been referred to the Admiralty and Post-office Departments, and their opinion was that, though the packets often came within sight of St. John’s, to oblige them to call there on all occasions would occasion much delay. In winter it was obvious such communication would be out of the question ; but even in summer, the the inevitable consequence, as Texas 1s now, in all probability, garrisoned by American troops, and guarded fy an American squadron. Such a war will, of course—whether Great Britain, so shame- fully fooled both by Texas and America, shall take part in it or not—lead to the immediate blockade of all the ports, and the consequent annihilation of our commerce with Mexico, another boon, tor which our merchants will have to thank the bungling of Sir Robert Peel’s administration. It is quite cer- tain that, bat for underhand encouragement and promises of support, Mexico would long ago have made better terms with Texas, by timely conces- sions, than she will now be able to procure by an appeal to arms, of which, unassisted, the most like- ly termination will be the loss of California as_ well ds Texas, and still further dismemberment of the territory of. the republic. The Great Western and the Britannia, which now be hourly expected, will no doubt put in possession of further and more cer- tain intelligence. The present aspect of affairs could not well be more unfavorable, or more ominous to the best interests of humanity. Important Debate in Parliament. In the House of Commons, on the 5th ult., Lord John Russell, (whig,) in reviewing the business of the session, said :— , ‘Phe Queen’s speech at the commence- ment of the session began with alluding to that which will hardly form any part of my present remarks—viz, the state of our foreign uflairs. I am rejoiced to say that we are not now, as we were at the close of the last ses- sion. looking anxiously to the settlement of differences with France, which threatened a rupture of our amicable relations with that country. I am happy to find that our friendly relatiqgs with that country are close and un- broken, and that there is every prospect of a continuance of peace between these two great and enlighteped coun- tries. Sir, there is a question, however, upon which, though I certainly do not mean to enter into detail, I ean- not help adverting for a moment or two—I mean the question that is pending between this country and the Unred States of Americe. Without at all interfering with the discretion of the general government, or at all dictating to them any course which they may think fit to pursue forthe settlement of the question of the Oregon ay 1, | wili venture to say, that the opinion which I gave to the house at another period of the session with regard to the justice of our claim, is entirely un- shaken by anything that | have heard or that I have read upon this subject. ‘The right hon. gentleman on that oc- casion said that the government of this country was pre- pared to maintain their rights. I do not question that intention; [| do not propose in any way to ask for an explanation of the mode in which he | proposes to maintain those rights. Regretting as 1 do the loss of that enlightened and distinguished man who | is now the Minister of the United States in this country, | Tat the same time rejoice to see that a person who was | here many years ogo, and who made himself universally | | respected and esteemed in the society of this country, | has been named to replace Mr. Ever as Minister from the United States. Itrust that by fairness and modere- | tion the discussion of the question between the two gov- ernments may, without any loss of our honor, and with. out any sacrifice of our essential interests, be bronght to a friendly and amicable conclusion, With these few words, therefore, and 1 am glad that they should be so fow, | leave the subject of our foreign policy. What bad they done with regard to corn? In 1s39 having rejected a motion to go into committee on the Corn-laws, they had returned to the special law of 1828 sting the importation of corn. Though nine-tenths of try were persuaded that it was the intention of the party opposite to make a considerable and advantat geous change, an alteration in the mere importation of foreign corn was all that had taken place. The govern- | ment’s assurances to the agricultural interests were like | their own sliding scale, which descended from 20s. to Ls. There was now in the present year far less security for the maintenance of the Corn-laws than inany previous year. (Hear, hear) The Secreta- | ry for the Home Department had stated that the sliding | | scale of itself would be a considerable evil, and that they must prop it up by a fixedduty on some corn from | abroad that was to come in. ‘Thus it was the right hon- | orable gentleman viedicated the Canada corn bill, But it amounted to aconfession of the total imperfection of the sliding scale. The friends of protection had main- tained that the laboring classes would be losers by the admission of foreign corn, for when corn was cheap wa- ges were low; the right honorable baronet said he did not believe thatsuch was the case, and he maintained that the low price of corn and of bread was an advantage tothe working:classes. (Hear, hear.) ‘The matter had been proved in detail by a right honorable gentleman | who sat near the right honorable baronet, aud who show- edthat during the years of cheap corn there were not oaly more comfort and better wagos for the laboring clas- ses,but there was in consequence less crime and mortality Let them look at the foundations on which the Corn-law now rested, There was no one who heard what had been | passing for the last ton duys that could be without feel- ing the misery of this uncertain law ! (Hear, hear.) — ‘There was a doubt whether the aext fortnight would dis- close a tolerably good harvest or a miserably deficient | one. Who, under such circumstances, would not wish that the laboring classes be pro with food from all quarters whence it could be obtained? (Hear, hear.) He maintained that it was the duty of that House to pro- | vide for such acontingency. At this moment if there was complete free trade, and they were in doubt as to whether there would be an abundant or short harvest, it | would be impossible to consider the amount of speculation | br the rise in the price of corn, both foreign and domestic, | that might take place, without feeling alarm for the dan- | ger both as to the currency and tho welfare of the people. But then, that would be a calamity for which the legis. | lature would not be responsible. (Hear, hear.) Free | trade would only availto diminish the price at which | the forciguers would sell their corn, but still your plan | would be uniform. But now to the uncertainty of the reasons you added by your legislation a new and art ficial uncertainty, viz.: whether afew weeks hence the duty on foreign corn would be 20s, or Is. (Hear, hear.) A double bazard was thus created. Was itdesired that this law should continue? Certainly it could not be desirable for a ministry professing tree trade—for a pre- | mier who boasted of having done more for free trade | than any other minister for many years, to remain con- nected with a law so defective. The other day, a gen- tleman, who was not only a supporter of the government | in its general policy, but more especially with reference | to these laws, and to the sliding scale, had stated that he | did not believe they would continue to exist, end that, probably, two years would see the end of them. When | they heard this language held by the steady supporters | ofthe government, what could the farmers think but ments of discord to be able to guess how they work, | freed from all restraints, as they must be in an extensive ond heterogeneous republic,in which each divisionwould be engaged ina constant struggle to make every otter division subservient to its own interests or opinic ‘This is the actual condition of the great American com: | monwealth, which has hitherto stuck together selely from a ris inertia, im the absence of the opportunity for | separation supplied by some violent exertion. | Several years ago, (about the time of the nullification | question) it was announced that the commonwealth was on the eve of a tripartite division—the states north of the | foreign corn in bond at this moment was unusually | over a cliff. 40th degree of latitude and east of the Mississippi to con- stitute one, the states south of the 40th degree and east | of the Alleghanies another, the remaining states west of | the Alloghanves a third. | e three commonwealths would possess opposite | that it was intended by the government to abandon this law 7 (Hlear.) Then let not government leave them in this miserayle uncertainty. Let them begin their | next session early, and let them begin it with | the consideration of the Corn Laws. Therefore, | under all the circumstances, he said that, whilst | government had done much in its approach to tree | trade, yet, with reference to those important articles, | timber, sugar and corn, the government was still acti onasystem that was contrary to sound principles, a to their own theories. (Hear, hear.) He understood the srrall He should, therefore, move for a return of the wheat in bond during a series of years at this period of | the year. This small supply of wheat in bond was the | consequence of your own law. It was a consequence of the failure of the foreign speculations, He knew there | navigation in the neighborhood of Newfoundland, owing to the drifting ice, and the dense fogs that often prevailed was a matter of difficulty, and would involve much wi certainty and delay ; andhe had no doubt that the com- pany who held the contract for the conveyance of the mails to North America, and who had performed the vice in such eflicient manner, would object to the packet calling at Newfoundland, as it would materially increase the length of the voyage. Music, Theatricals, &c. Mr. John Parry lias been engaged to five some of his popular songs at the Haymarket Theatre. His re-appearance was heartily welcomed by the admir- ers fi his truly original and comic style of singing. It is finally settled that Mr. Macready is to appear at the Princess’s Theatre. An engagement was of- fered to a younger sister of Miss Cushman to per- form along with him, which she declined; it is pro- table, therefore, that Miss Faucit will be solicited to ee her assistance to support the “ eminent trage- ian.’” “Sweethearts and Wives” has been revived at the Adelphi. Miss Cushman and Mr. Graham were performing at Brighton. Notwithstanding the prestige of the lady’s high London reputation as an actress, she has not been so successful as might have been imagined in her provincial tour. Mr. Pritchard, the lessee of the York and Hull theatres, has ed this celebrated actress, for a limited period; and also, Mr. Rayner, the well-known representative of York- shire characters. Madame .. Garcia and Mr. Stretton have left Lon- don, to sing ut Bath and Bristol,and other towns in the west of England. Anether infant musical prodigy has appeared in London, one Master Repin, a pianist, only seven years old, and is highly extoiled. Richardson’s Theatre, at Dartford, near London, was entirely destroyed by fire on the 12th ult. The loss estimated at 1200/. Mr. Lover has been giving his Illustrations of Ire- land at the Royal Hotel Assembly-rooms, Wey- mouth, which have been attended by respectable and numerous audiences. On the 13th ult. Mad.Ceriter had a bumper bene- fit at her Majesty’s theatre. Two Concerts were givenin the Free Trade Hall, Manchester, at which the following artists were en- gaged :—Madame Castellan, Miss Dolby and Miss Hawkes; Mr Wilson, Staudig], Brizzi, and Fornas- | sari; Mr. Seymour, Regodi and Orsini. Miss Rainforth, Miss Messentjand Mr. J. Calkin, were engaged to sing at aconcert which took place at York on the 19th ult. Poor Buckingham, the victim for years of illness, not catsed by dissipation. His long sickness, his large family, made it necessary to appeal to his triends abont two years ago. He is now worse, and | may subscription has been entered upon for his ene fit. Mr. Wilson has been giving his Scottish entertain- | ment at Guernsey, with his accustomed success. | He intends to pay North and South Wales a visit; | and afterwards proceed towards his own native hills and lakes, with a view of delivering his lectures, with illustrations, on the music of old Scotia. A Miss Williams, a very promising actress at Liv- erpool, is likely to become the better half of a well | known low comedian. The gentleman has been hitherto wild, but itis hoped matrimony may tame him. ‘ Werry good.” Mr. Hudson Kirby has, accordin to the down- | east prase, ‘hitched teams” with a Miss Melville, an actress in the north. Mr. Anderson, the Wizard of the North, has been wonderfully successful in Glasgow. He opened for dramatic performances on the 16th. Mr. Webster and Madame Celeste have left Lon- don to fulfil a short engagement with the manager of the Norwich circuit. Amongst the engagements for the new Manchester Theatre-Royal are Mr. Chas. Pitt and Miss Emme- line Montague, with Mr. H. Wallack as stage man- ager. A new piece, entitled the “Governor’s Wife,” has been brought out at the Lyceum. Mr. and Mrs. Keeley were the principal characters in it. It was | highly successful. | Her Mujesty’s theatre closed for the season on the 22d ult, when all the artists quitted London for dif ferent destinations in the country, and for their con- tinental tours. ‘The widow of Mr. Butler has been left in embar- rassed circumstances. Mr. Butler’s fortune was ex- fetes in unprofitable speculations, in which the jate actor embarked with the best intentions but the most ruinous result.. Mr. Butler was indefatigable in aiding the subscription for Mr. Elton’s family, and a few days before his death exerted himself in behalf of Mrs. Hood and her orphans. A subserip- tion was making on her behalt. t Taglioni, in Liverpool, had a capital house on the night of her benefit She appeared in Dublin on the 25th ult.; after which she was to visit Edinburgh and Manchester, prior to her final departure for the con- tinent. Hee Pee, Mr. Edwin Forrest, the tragedian, finished a short but brilliant engagement at hton on the 6th ult , so much to the satisfaction of the public as to cause regret that it was not at present im his power to pro- long his sty. He gave King Lear for his benefit. isi, Mario, F, Lablache, Benedict, and John Parry, commenced their first tour performances at Mr. Machin’ grand concert at Birmingham on the 2ist ult. ‘ Mr. H. Phillips made his first appearance in Li- verpool, since his return from America, on the 14th ult. tle was well reeeived and highly successful. Miss Romer, Mr. Harrison, and Mr. Borrani, made their appearance in Balfe’s beautiful piece of “ The hemian Girl,” at the Liverpool Theatre-Royal on the 12th ult. ‘The Infant Sappho was abou ‘The metropolitan critics were musical genius. ie eh .C Matthews and Madame Vestris made their Peyote ci the Surrey theatre on the 10th ult. Mr. Aldridge, the African Roscive, whilst riding in a carriage, at Llandilos, in Wales, was thrown ‘The postillion re ee were —— e spot. The footman and his master escaped, Pr havin alighted to seize the horses’ heads. ‘Ancient: Daama.—The church books of Tewhes« bury, which have been preserved for @ considerable t to visit Liverpool. enchanted with her