The New York Herald Newspaper, June 2, 1845, Page 1

THE NEW YORK HERALD. Vol, X1., No. 150—Whole No, 4012+ NEW YORK, MONDAY MORNING, JUNE 2, 1845. Price Two Cents. ARRIVAL OF THE STEAMSHIP GREAT WESTERN. THIRTEEN DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE. More Friendly Feeling in England RELATIVE TO THE OREGON QUESTION. DECLINE IN COTTON. EXCITEMENT AND LARGE SALES, Great Decline in Rail Road Iron. ARRIVAL OF THE INDIA MAIL, THE MAYNOOTH GRANT. THE BIGHT OF SEARCH QUESTION. $e. he. He. : The Steamship Great Western, the Fashion or Peytona—or whichever is the fleetest—of the Atlan- tic Course, arrived at noon yesterday with advices. from Liverpool to the 17th ult., inclusive. She brings sixty-five passengers. ‘The news is of an highly interesting character. The Great Western and Caledonia with dates from the United States to the Ist ult. had arrived out. Their news caused the war feeling wholly to sub- side. ’ ‘The people and government of Great Britain were taken by surprize,to learn of the coolness with which the Oregon war speeches of Sir Robert Peel and others, were received in America. The intelligence from this side, completely upset the calculations of nearly all the commercial men in England. ‘There was a tremendous excitement in the cotton market. The arrival of the Great Western at Liverpool had an unfavorable effect on that market, and caused a decline incotton. It will be seen, on re- ference to the market report, that a decline of one quarter of a penny per pound had been submitted to. Tron has experienced a great decline. Our new railroads concerns will like this. The English Board of Customs had refused ad- mission to Louisiana Sugar at the low duty. ‘There was nothing new from Ireland. The money market in London was very easy. ‘The Funds, which have been unsettled , in conse- quence of the threatened rupture with America, im- proved onthe arrival of the Great Western, and the Caledonia, In the manufacturing districts, trade, which was somewhat languid a short time since, has improved. Inthe Sugar markets and Preduce markets of the ‘West Indies generally, there was an imprevement. The Hon. A. Smith, Charge d’Affaires of Texas, had arrived in London, on matters connected with the annexation question. Davenport and other harbors at present are assum- ing a very warlike appearance, every vessel being refitted and made ready for sea. The Russians are collecting vast armies for the conquest of the Caucasus, nog less, it is said, than [80,000 men. The merchants of Siberia are carrying on a great trade in the tusks of the Mastodontes, which sur- pass the ivory of the elephant in whiteness and hard- ness. _ Another comet, ofconsiderable splendor, has made its appearance in the southern hemisphere. Its de- clination is 43 degrees south. It will not be visible in Europe. _ In 1820 there were 61,014 acres of land employed in hop cultivation ; in 1830, 46,726 acres; and in 1840, but 40,000 acres. The value of the contributions to the great Free Trade and Anti-Corn-law Baznar, held in Covent Garden Theatre, London, exceeds £20,000. The Queen has been pleased to appoint Charles Duncan Wake, now British Vice-Consul at Copen- hagen, to be her Majesty’s Consul at Charleston. ‘The 5th May, being the anniversary of the death of Napoleon, masses for the repose of his soul were cerhiatee in twelve of the principal churches of ‘aris. The spirit of speculation has displayed itself even snongaba abodes of the dead. At Kensal Green Cemetry several tombs have been built, which are ready to be let to the highest bidder. The fortifications of Pafis are to be armed with mortars, cannon, or howitzers, of which 50 are to be Paixhan guns, 5850 muskets for the ramparts, anne sad muskets, 1500 fusees, 1,000,000 pro- ectiles, Xe, The Berlin correspondent of the Frankfurter Journal states that the Court of Wirtemburg, and the head ofthe house of Hohenzollern, are in treaty respecting a matrimonial alliance between the Crown Prince of that kingdom and a Russian prin- cess. The morality of the Polka,” says the Brussels Gazette, “has been official sabe at An- twerp. This favorite air of the celebrated dance has been set to the carrillons (chimes) of the cathedral of Antwerp. This Salley oe whe part of the mu- nicipality of the city merits honorable mention. In the course of 1844, there were 102 persons killed arid injuted by railway accidents in England, com- paratively few of whom were passengers. During the first three months of this year, there were also 22 persons killed and 17 persons injured by railway accidents. q The Greek charge d’affaires at Constantinople has tven to the ambassadors of the protecting powers the most formal assurances that his Government had never thought of making any hostile demonstration against Turkey; but at the very same time shots hal yA exchanged at Lumia between the Greeks and Turks. . Ata late meeting of the Statistical Society, an_in- teresting paper was read by Assistant Surgeon Bal- four, on the mortality of the army, in the course of which the following tabular results Was given in re- gard to the calpain establishments:—Annual mor- tality per 1000—New South Wales 14.1; Cape of Good Hope 15.5; Nova Scotia and New Brunswick 18; Malta 18.7; Canada (Upper and Lower) 20; Gib- raltar 22.1; loman Islands 28.8; Mauritius 30.5; Ber- muda 32.3; St. Helena 35; ‘Tennaserim Provinces 50; Madras Presidency 52; Bombay Presidency 56; Cey- lon 57.2; Bengal Presidency 63; Windward and Lee- ward command 85; Jamaica 143; Bahamas 200;Sierra Leone 483, ‘Tea duti # paid in 1845 up to last week.—London, 8,721,537Ib.; Liverpool, 1,958,2091b. ; Bristol, 314-, 7b. ; Hull, 132,421.’ ‘Total, 11,026,8981b. ’ Same time in 184, 10,965,1151b, Itis the intention of Government, in conjunction with the Chester and Holyhead railway company, to have the electric tele; established on that im- portant line, reaching from London to Holyhead, a distance of between 200 and 800 miles, and em- trashy in its route the commercial capitals of Liver- pool, Manchester, and Birmingham. The success of the Spparania in the service of the South-Western and the Admiralty between London and Portsmouth, 88 miles, is said to be the superinducing cause of its sroposed establishment on the Chester and Holyhead ine. The adoption of this invention on a scale of magnitude bids fair to effect a radical change in the entire correspondenee of the country, by bringing, as it were, momentarily intoclose consolidation an communion the exchanges of London, Liverpool, Manchester, and Birmingham, conveying with light- ning like velocity every fluctuation of affairs, and telegraphing from mart to matt, with marvellous ex- actitude, and over areas of hundred of miles, intelli- gence that may be received and reciprocated almost arpa eg by every mercantile community in the kingdom. _ The greatest alarm has been excited in military circles by her Majesty having chosen 1740-50 for her ball costume, as at that time neither whiskers nor moustaches were worn, and those facial appendages will, therefore, have to be shotn. ‘The report that the Priest Ronge had been shot by an assassin, is said to have been first spread at Frankfort-on-the-Odor ; it stated that he ied been shot at Leignitz. The whole story is a mere fiction, Amongst the railway projects talked of is t conneet Bristol with South Wales, by menns of ‘a the period | tunnel under the Severn. Tur New Yorx Packer Suirs.—From the 4th to the 17th ult. there was the following later arri- vals from the United States:—The Sen, Capt. Ed- wards, arrived on the 7th inst.; and on the 8th, the Great Western steamer arrived at 11, P.M. Her news was forwarded to London by Express, as was also the news by the Caledonia’ steamer, which reached on the 13th, at about the same hour. The Ashburton, Captain Huttelston, arrived on the 12th, at6, A. M., preceding, by about 6 hours, the New York, in whose company she sailed on the 2ist ult. We have seldom séen greater anxiety for American news, than was manifested on the arrival of the two steamers. Her Masesty’s Visir To ‘rue Conrinenr.—It is reported that her Majesty and Prince Albert intend visiting the Continent, and that preparations are in ress to enable them to take their departure ear! in August next. The route spoken of is, first to Bel- gium, and afterwards to Saxe‘Gotha. Rumor also asserts that her Majesty will visit the King of the French after returning from Germany. me of the London Fatt confidently state that the Queen has abandoned her intention of visiting’ Ireland this summer, in consequence of the outpourings of the Perea! agitators ; whilst others affirm that she ad- eres to it, American Hors.—An extensive fresh importation has just taken place of a cy, excellent quality. The duty on this produce is so high, that the last which were imported were sold for the use of Sydney and the Channel Islands.—London Standard, May 18. Evrorean Journats —It is estimated, that at Rome, there is one eee to every 51,000 persons ; at Madrid, ene to 60,000; Venice, one to 11 000 ; London, one to 10,600; Berlin, one to 1070; Paris, one to 3700; Stockhol im, one to 2600; Leipsic, one to 11,000. _ eens instead of cities, kingdoms, the estimate is—in Spain, one journal to 864,000 indi- viduals ; in Russia, one to 674,000; in Austria, one to 376, in Switzerland, one to 66,000 ; in France, one to 52,000; in England, one to 46,000; in Hol land, one to 40,500; in Prussia, one to 43,000 ; com- paring the number of subscribers with the popula- tion, the population is, in France, as one to 437; in England, ‘as one to 184; in Holland, as one to 100. Weattu or THE Propacanpa.—The French jour- nals state, that the receipts of the society instituted at Lyons for the propagation of the Romish faith, amounted in 1844, to 3,562,088f; France had con- tributed 1,835,020f; Bavaria, 232,748f; Prussia, 145,066f ; Germany, 42,159f ; Great Britain, 237,795 ; Ireland,’ 181,905; "Spain, 10,578f; Russia, 2,449f Sardinia, ABE 5 Sicily, 109,118f; the United States of America, 6,384f ; South America, 10,247f ; Oceanica, 240f; d&c. ‘The society expended, in Oceanica, 503,836F 3,1n the United States, 1,044,895f; in the African Missions, 266,069f ; in Asia, 997,125f; in Europe, 547,317f; coasts of printing, 256,360f ; the entire expenses of the year amounted to 3,663,- There was a surplus of 424,308f in the trea- sury of the society lying over since last year. Trave witu Brazi.—We find that the version of the resolution Bioneed in the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies, in reference to te ae cotton goods, which has appeared in most of the newspapers, and which was copied into the “Manchester Guardian” of the 3rd instant, was not correct. The resolution does not 1a an additional duty of 20 per cent on the value of the goods, but an addition of 20 per cent. (or one-fifth) to the present tariff duty. Thus, suppose the existing duty on a jicular article to be 20 per cent., and to amount to 5s. per piece, the addi- tional duty would be one-fifth more, or ls. per piece. Tue Iron Trave.—The reduction of 40s. per ton. announced last week, has been general throughout the South Staffordshire district. The present price is probably not higher than can be steadily maintain- ed until some of the heavy orders for rails are clear- edoff. The speculation in pig iron in Liverpool which has existed,has received a very serious check during the past week. Many of the needy holders have pene sales, and large parcels of Scotch pi hdve been offered at 75s, perton. Early in Mare! uurchases were made at 110s., and none of the ma ers would take orders under 120s. ‘The price of pigs in this neighborhood has not been subject to the same fluctuations. ‘The above reduction was de- cided necessary to prevent a very awkward state of embarrassment in several branches of trade.— Moreover, the feverish state of the present year’: market is expected to occasion the iron trade a per- manent injury, in the fact that the Americans are now Se eee to produce more iron. The produce of iron last year in the States amount ed to 500,000 tons; the estimate for the pant yea 1s much larger; and in ten years it is calculated that the maké will reach a million of tons, unless the fali in prices inGreat Britain should be such as to ren- der it cheaper for the Americans to purchase our pro- duce,than to manufacture for themselves. Free Trape anp Navication To Paraguay.— On Thursday, a petition to both Houses of Parlia- ment, on the gubject of the navigation of the River La Plata, lay in the Exchange news-room, and was numerously signed. ‘The petition. prayed that her Majesty will “direct such instructions to be given to the officers commanding her Majesty’s ships in the River La Plata, as will enforce the free uavigation of that river and its tributary streams, compel the due enforcement of the treaty, and oblige Buenos Ayres to abandon pretensions thatare unjust in them- selves, and, in their results, utterly*destructive of a trade which, if permitted to be carried on Kaha promises to become of great advantage, second only in value, extent, and importance to that of China.” Emigration.—Our correspondent at Waterford says—The following list of vessels will show the destination of the emigrants, who were not the most uncomfortable of the Irish population :—Bolivar, Quebec, 30 engers ; Ratchford, St. John’s, New- foundland, 120 ditto; Louisa, Quebee, 30 ditto; So- phia, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 90 ditto; Rosemacroom, St. John, New Brunswick, 30 ditto ; Thistle, Que- bec, 40 ditto; Mary and Fiarriet, Quebec, 30 ditto ; Eliza, St. John’s, Newfoundland, 30 ditto ; Velocity, St. John’s, New Brunswick, 30 ditto; Dispatch, Quebec, 190 ditto; John, St. John’s, Newfound- land, 140 ditto; via Liverpool, per steamers, 400. Totul 1160. The John last mentioned, went from our quay on Wednesday evening. There was a great number of Carrick people Cyoung men and young women generally) on board. THERE APPEARS TO BE A PREMIUM To Emi- Grants.—John Dent, near Knaresborough, has offer- ed £5 to any of the poor families residing in Hun- singore and Walsford, who may feel inclined to make a trip across the Atlantic. A_liki ke like offer has also been made by the parish officers in those places, and many families have already availed themselves of the opportunity, Amenican Ice.—A novel article of import has re- cently taken place in the shape of ice, from America, in the neighborhood of the Wenham Lake, &c. The article is Bere in large blocks, varying from 2ewt to 4cwt.; and several vessels have arrived laden almost entirely with it, having several hundred tons on board. [tis deposited in the ship’s hold with care, and covered and surrounded with wood dust, and so arrives in a very perfect state, with very little logs in weight, particularly at this season of the year. ‘The greater portion of that hitherto imported has been landed at the St, Katherine’s Docks, where a shed or warehouse been appropriated in a cool portion of the south quay, and to which it is removed on being landed, and deposited until removed to the owners’ private stores.—London Herald, May 6. Extraorpinary Running Maton against Time. —Some time since an officer in the Guards laid the odds of £200 to £100, with Mr. Bragg, proprictor of the North Star Inn, at Slough, that he could not pro- duce a man on Friday, the 16th of May, who would run twenty miles within two hours, Mr. Bragg has had four or five celebrated pedestrians in trainin, ever since the bet was made, he not being compel- led, Scoot a articles of the match, to name the man until he is brought to the post to start. The celebrated runner known as the North Star, will, it is expected, be the party selected to attempt the feat, which, if scoops ed, will be one of the most ex vegeta undertakings ever attempted. The match will come off in the immediate neighborhood of Slough. Betting, at present, is 4 to 3, and 2 to 1, on time. Fi Lorp Joun Rus .’8 Resotutions.—The leader of the opposition In the House of Commons, con- sidering that the present time—a time of unusual Shins sath and wainlor—ie the proper season for ml- nutely considering the condition of the laboring classes, is to bring forward his resolutions on this subject on the 26th inst. They embrace topics of ce magnitude, but will lead to nothing but a debate te denounces the corn laws as pernicious, but does not offer a substitute. It is evident that Lord John will shortly become a free trader; Lord Howick seems resolved to outrun him if he does not take care, Wuorrsa.e Desertion or Wives.—The parish of Clerkenwell has lately suffered severel from the wholesale desertion,by men belonging to this parish, of their wives and families, some of them leavin; as many as six children—thus casting a heavy an perenne burden upon the prerere Within the jast few days 12 men have thus absconded; and to such an extent hag the system been carried that the parish has determined to adopt vigorious measures to check the practice, if possible, and intend to offer handsome rewards for their apprehension. Hamsurc.—The commercial operations of Ham- burgh, which had been lying dormant during the winter, are again now in full activity, and the traffic in the streets, and numerous canals by which the city is intersected,1s more extensive than it was ever before known at that period. e general improve- mentin the trafticin merchandize pay ab pub- lic generally to share gambling. Their attention is better occupied, and so long as this is the case the railroad mania will be checked. England and America.—Opinions of the Newspaper Press, [From Wilmer’s Times, May 17.] The probability of a war with the Uni- ted States occupies the public mind on ‘this side of the Atlantic, to the exclusion of every other topic. The arrivals from the Western world are looked to with absorbing interest, and the in- stant a packet arrives, the news is conveyed, with all the potency and speed which steam can com- mand, to the ‘metropolitan journals. In this way, we forwarded, by special express, and at a. great outlay, the news which came to hand on the night of Tuesday by the “ Caledonia.” The previous arri- val—the “Great Western”—caused some stir, as it was known that she would bring tidings of the et- fect which had been medaced in America by the speeches of Sir Robert Peel and the Earl of Aberdeen, in Parliament, on the Oregon question. But as only a or two had intervened between the receipt of those speeehes and the’ return of the. steamer, which had not permitted pub- lic opinion to develope itself, the taoeseding arrival produced, if possible, sull greater interest. The pros and cons of the question, it is needly to say, are daily discussed; and this is certainly not the first instance, of Tate, that the spirit of American institu- tions has been analysed by British vend The theory of the Federal Constitution has formed, of recent ears, a standing dish with the politicians of Eng- land. The national character and its peculiar.ties— the public men and their waywardness—the democ- mech and its elements—are_all weighed with critical skill, sometimes with a friendly, often with an ad- verse hand. But whatever diversity of opinion may exist amongst Englishmen as to the abstract merits of Republicanism, a war with America—the bare contemplation of such a possibility—is abhorrent to the national mind, A war party, properly so called, as regards the United States, does not exist. There is nothing to mark its influence. The mooted point —the Oregon—is not senerally, believed tobe worth fighting for. It isnot a point which appeals to national fern Prejudice, or power. Every one feels that this ittle island has territory enough, and colonies, and subjects, which own its sway in every part of the habitable globe, that plume themselves on their iden- tification with the British name, without eee lances with a kindred people about a few thousan miles of a barren and profitless waste. No. The sentiment which has taken deep root in the public mind of this country—which pervades all clusses,and sects, and shades of opinion, and unites them as one man, refers not to the value of the territory in question, but to what they conceive to be the ar- rogant, overbearing, bullying style with which the opposite claim is advanced. Itis with a spirited people as with a spirited animal—if you drive, they resist, if you lead, they carl concede. Mr. Pofk must be’ a crude judge of human nature, or he would not have put forth, in his inaugural ad- dress about the Oregon, sentiments which were not merely indiscreet—not merely uncalled for and out of place, but which sneered at, and may be said to have hurled defiance at the British claim. We say nothing now as: to the justice of the claim ; all that we aim at ia to account for the extraordi- nary unanimity which exists on this question—an unanimity so surprising, that if we do go to war about it, every hand will be held up, eve: purse will be opened, every arm will be stretched, to sustain it, and bring it to a speedy and triumphant issue. There are men who would tamely submit to wrong, that would instantly resent an insult— The country feels itself insulted by the new Pre- sident. Is he not a bungling tactition that thus fives his opponent such an advantage—that places imself in the wrong by his manner, while he is probably right in his theory? Human ingenuity could hardly have devised any means so effectual for amalgamating, as in a crucible, the discordant elements of which public opinion in every free country is composed. Like the wand of an enchant- er, Mr. Polk has done this, and if there is any truth in the saying of Napoleon, that moral force, even in war, far outstrips physical force, it will be found that his first will not be his last blunder, Hasty men are generally obstinate men. The President has committed’ himself—will the Re- public sustain him? He has so precipitated matters that the question must now be settled. He has thrown down the gauntlet, and it has been taken up ; he has jeopardised the American claim, and flung to the winds the “wise and masterly inacti- vity” which Mr. Calhoun,with a far-seeing sagacity, recommended as the best policy for the United States to pursue. Back out he cannot, without per- sonal compromise, for he has shown his cards to his opponent, who will work the game according- ly It is well understood on this side of the water—it is still better known at Washington, that the British Cabinet have come to the conclusion that the present is the time fer bringing this matter to an issue. To let it slip would prove them as arrant bunglers as their antagonist. Diplomacy, like the chess-board, consists of a series of successful moves, and a skil payee can hardly be blamed for check-mating his rival. The affair might have remained in abeyance another quarter of a century, asithas done during the last half century, and every year would have increased the means, on the part of America, of a successful resistance—de- creased, in the same ratio, the power of Bri- tain to sustain, or take forcible possession of. the Oregon.—The tide of emigretion, which. is daily flowing to the West, would have peopled it in a few years with the Anglo-American race, who would have held their own against all intruders. These advantages have been cast to the winds ; and nothing appears to remain but mutual con- cession, or the settlement of the esse by the bloat verdes Here; again, the evil genius of th President confronts him. The temple of Janus is closed—we are at peace with the world. Our Indian empire is consolidated—our colonies in China are progressing. The British Exchequer is full to repletiun—its navy is in admirable trim. Our steamers sweep every sea; our means of trans- porting troops, whether from Europe or from Asia, were never more complete—more perfect. There never was a fe in the history of this country when it was better prepared for war—never did a question exist, not on its abstract merits, but be- cause of its concomitant swagger, on which less diversity of opinion prevails, and with heart and soul would the dernier resort be entered upon and pursued. mee & ag § We do not write in a partizan spirit. Nothing, Heaven knows, should we regard as a greater na- tional calamity than a rupture with theUnited States; and we should be Laird to say or do anything which could in the remotest de; gree precipitate it. It is pain- ful—harrowing—even to contemplate such a contin- gency. The elements of best would be convul- sed, commerce would be swept trom the ocean, and the ties ofinterest,and even of consanguinity, would be rudely snapped asunder. Upon England it would inflict afl but irreparable injury and America would hardly suffer less intensely. May so fearful a con- summation be averted ! ‘ If the President is obstinate, and will concede no- thing, the party which elected may feel bound in consistency to sustain him, and the voice of the more sober and discreet portion of the Union will probably be drowned in the avalanche. We sin- bon! hope that discreet councils will prevail, and that both Governments, conceding something for the sake of peace, may bring the matter to a creat and satisfactory adjustment. But it is folly to bli the fact, that the ‘black cloud in. the West,” to which Sir Robert Peel so portentiously alluded, i threatening, and may Burst with devastating jury. 5 In this crisis it is not unnatural that public feeling in America should be watched with some anxiety. ‘The commercial classes can have no desire to fight Britain about the navigation of the Columbia. — The Northern States are identified with the continuance of peace and the progress ‘ot manufactures. The Southern Stateg would not like to sacrifice their trade in cotton, tobacco, and other produce, for so illusory an object. The brawlers in the West may desire a row, from an inherent love of sport and of mischief, or a thirst for gain. But, after all, the matter will probably resolve itself into a contest for political supremacy. With any country but America, war, with all its newly-acquired horrors and improved instruments ofdestruction, would be fearful » gee speedy. But with such a line of coast on the Atlantie, and the barren waste in dispute on the Pacific side, it must, in the nature of things, be protracted. Possession of the Oregon by an armed force would, of course, be the first, and the destruction of the Atlantic cities on the sea-board, the second object of Bri- tish annoyance. But we pause, and sicken at the bare idea of evils so appalling, and yet so appa- rently immediate, resulting from the language of a hasty and intemperate man, raised, unexpectedly, to a potition, in which his capacity for making mischief ap- peara to be the only capacity of which he has yet, in the opinion of the Britishers, given any roof. Unfortunately for our Sagacity we fore- old, in this journal, the very day following the = arrival of the President’s Inaugural Address, the habbub to which his indiscreet remarks on the Oregon would | (hd rise here, and our statement has been verified to the letter. [From Liverpool Mail, May 17. We present to the notice of our readers two arti- cles from the Washington Globe and the Washington Constiiution,—journals supposed, and, with some reason, believed to be, the organs of the United States cabinet,—in reference to the Oregon terri- tory. It will be seen at a glance that, if the articles to which we directattention emanate from any official source, the government of the Republic are determin- ed to appropriate what they cannot legally claim—to usurp what will not be peacefully conceded—and rush into war be the results either beneficial or ruinous. However much we may deprecate the vulgar and violent nature of the abuse fadaleed in by the Wash- Ington press, we cannot admit that we were unpre- pared for it. It is Mr. President Polk who speaks through the newspapers- Their words and senti- ments are his. His inaugural address, which has deservedly given so much offence on this side of the water, ia the “ unquestionable” staple of the Wash- ington journalists. They borrow bia words ; they paraphrase his impudence ; they blow his coals; they use his accustomed language of slavery in ad- dreseing a “free people ;” and, therefore, we haye a right to presume that, either as independent think- ers, or profligate hirelings, they have a stake in the same mad and revolutionary adventure. The mer- cantile letters, we admit, are more pacific. But the reason is plain. In that class men are inclined to think ‘what they wish. We never knew a war break out in Europe, or elsewhere, in which the par- ties deeply interested in the maintenance of peace, did not deny the possibility of war to the latest mo- ment. Such is commercial hponey: Intelligent men will say, “A war between England and America is out of the question.” ‘Why? we ask. “ Be- cause,” say they, “the two countries have nothing in dispute worth fighting for, and particularly be- cause the United States have neither an army, a fleet ner a dollar to employ in a game so unwise and des- perate.” Our answer to this is, that bankrupt na- tions, communities whose creditis tarnished, whose laws and institutions are insalubrious all over the world, are always the readiest to rush into a war. He who has nothing to lose has nothing to risk ; and if a kick can pay a debt, or a rifle compound for a pecuniary default of a State, it is easier for some people to resort to the former than to the only honest remedy, of satisfying the just claims of their injured creditors. The Washington journalists, to whom we have alluded, have the modesty to inculcate, what indeed is not a new doctrine, that republican institutions have been appointed by divine Provi- dence to redress the wrongs of arbitrary monarchies and tyrannical aristocracies, and thatin American re- publicanism alone are to be found the germs and fruits of truth, honor, justice, freedom, equality, and the na- tural rights ofman in the highest state of civillzation. ‘This looks very well in words and upon paper. But it has an ugly and forbidding aspect, coming from the other side of the Atlantic. America, by a per- yersion of justice, and all forms of recognised law, is the plaintiff in the case; and Europe generally, and England particularly, are the defendants. That is the republican mode of ating it, But the propo- sition is in itself glaringly dishonest. Throw Europe out of the scale—when did England cheat, rob, swin- dle, or defraud the United States? She never did. The question, therefore, like Lord Ross’s monster telescope, must be turned in a different direction.— And, we ask, when did the citizens of the United States cease to carry ona civil war of cheating, rob- bing, and swindling against this country? She boasts of herhonor. Can she pay her just debts — She brags of her power! She cannot make a gun to arm her most formidable frigate, the Princeton. The only national bank she ever possessed was founded upon English capital; and, according to her usual practice, and the rules ot her government, she swin- dled and robbed the English shareholders. Jn short, and in plain terms, the whole system of republicanism inthe United States is nded on robbery. The revolution wasa premeditated act of robbery. The sympathy of its leading revolutionists with France,was an act, of “unquestionable” and unpardonable vil- lany. These be hard words ; but their truth is de- monstrated in gre act of that senseless and dishon- est democracy. ere are, however, many sensible men in America—men of property and influence— who see that dishonesty does not prosper—that limits are set to mobrule—and that the time has come when the institutions of the United States must undergo a change for the general benefit of the commonwealth. These thinking men think that the time is now. We agree withthem. Mr. President Polk is an instru- ment—and an ignorant though a useful one. While he has been flogging his slaves, the Christian world has undertaken the duty of flogging the slave-ewner; and in the conflicting course of discipline, the breeder of, and dealer in, slaves must take the consequence. While we write, none of the official correspondence between the two governmentshas transpired. If go- vernment messengers from Downing-street have passed hither and thither, their presence in the packets is unknown. Now that parliament has met we shall probably have some explanations; but we are left in the darkness of conjecture. All that we have to say is this, the American question must be set- tled. Sir Robert Peel and Lord Aberdeen have not only asserted the rights of, Sey val but declared their intentions of maintaining them to the last ex- tremity. We have no doubt of their faith; but they will be everlastingly disgraced if they shrink one line or hair’s breadth from their promise. What parliament has declared must be England’s voice. ith the rascality and dishonesty of the repudiating States, the British government have nothing to do They cannot enter upon any terms of compromise with republican_pawn-brokers, or the receivers of stolen pete But we think that it is their duty to compel the United States not only to pay the private debts of her citizens, but all the individual State debts which she owes to England and Europe. (From London Standard, May 15.] The most careful review of the American journals received by the Caledonia, leaves us just as we were before, in respect to the means of judging of the probabilty of peace of war. The question in such cases is always determined by the seeming interests of the predominant party in a democratic govern- ment, more than by the sense of justice, the sense of honor, or even that by passion. In such governments war, however detrimental generally, will be fre- quently in favor with the short-lived executive—the game, as it is called, of kings, is often the trade of protectors, dictators, presidents, consuls, or by whatever other title the hoe rulers of democ- raciesare called. The change from the state of peace to the state of war, gives a great addition of patronage, while war itself covers peculation, and by war obscure persons in the condition of republican rulers, may perchance make themselves a name without any personal risk. It may, therefore, be takenas a general rule, that the ruler of a democracy will always be inclined to war, if not a very man, and this it is which has in all times made de- mocracies such pestilent neighbors, when possessed of the power to annoy. The most obvious interests of the people of the United States are, however, so clearly in favor of maintaining pacific relations with this country, that we are in little fear that Mr. Polk will be permitted to indulge those belligerent propensities common to men in his position, and which seem to possess himin full measure. We do not see what important class in the United States could gain anything—what im- portant class would not lose much by a war with Great Britain, whatever the event of the contest might be, and therefore we hold a war to be ex- tremely improbable, if not an absolute impossibility, let Mr. Polk do all that he can. In saying this, we would not be understood as speaking isrespectfully of the military resources or the milttary qualities of our brethren at the other side of the Atlantic. We merely give them credit for the possession of com- mon sense and common humanity, A war that holds out no prize to the victor, is a very silly waste of money and of life. Let the Republicans if they please gratify themselves with the notion that they can beat us ;_ as long as they do not put the opinion to an experimental proof, it is a very cheap enjoy- ment to hold it, but practically ‘to whip the British- ers,” as Sam Slick says, were a sport in which the winner, suppose winning certain, would “find the game scarcely worth the candle.” It is upon a con- viction that these considerations must have their due weight in the United States, we have come to a con- clusion that the pacific relations of the kindred states are in no danger whatever. _ [From London Times, May 10. The intelligence brought by the Great Western from the United States, which we published exclu- sively in the larger portion of our first edition yes- terday,has fully justified the pacific anticipations we had ventured to express in that very day’s impres- sion. The Caledonia reached New York on the 2st ult., and the Great Western sailed on the 24th. ‘The interval between those days was not sufficiently long for any answer te the declarations of Sir Robert Peel and lord Aberdeen to be received from Wash- ington; but in New York the effect they had pro- duced was extremely satisfactory, tending manifest- ly to bring the pending negotiation to a prompt con- clusion, rather than to defeat it by an untimely rup- ture. atta the American Government has long been thoroughly apprized, in the course of the vari- ous negotiations which have been. catried on with re- ference to the Oregon Territory in the course of the last twenty years,of the strong conviction entertained by all the British Ministers and Commissioners who have successively dealt with this question, and of the irretragable ‘proofs on which this conviction of our rights is established, yet the American people have heard but little from this side of the Atlantic of the arguments, and the resolution with which we are prepared to rebut their pretensions. In the Uni- ted States the Oregon question has been dressed up in a popular form, skilfully adapted to popular preju- dices, and successfully used to assist the triumph of a popular party. Its political importance, as affect- ing one of the most considerable foreign relations of the Union, has been regarded as secondary to the importance attached to it for the pre ot domestic agitation ; and this delusion had gone to such a length,that in contemplating the incorporation of the Oregon territory in the Union, the Americans had scarcely given athought to the, inevitable conse- quence of the measure—war with England. The publie opinion of New York is, however, a some- what over favorable specimen of the opinions: pre- vailing in the United States, The great maritime towns of America, from the mouth of the Hudson to that of the Mississippi, have every thing to lose by a declaration of war on the pe of a great maritime power. They must inevitably super the brunt of such an attack. The unprotected shipping which is to be met with on every sea under the American flag, belongs to their merchants ; and even their own ports fe exposed to the incursions of the fleets and steamers which would speedily be collected in Bermuda and the West Indid Islands. The com- mercial circles of New York are, therefore, the last Bacon in the Union in which we should expect a war fever to manifest itself, either for the unapproachable wilds of Oregon, or the slaveholding immigrants of Texas. In the western states the case is different. They are for the most part entirely secure from the dan- gers of actual war upon their own territory. They abound in a more advestarous population, which is eager to advance upon the western limits of the American continent, rather _ than to establish those arts and institutions which future generations will have more leisure to perfect. * * * * The difficulties which may arise out of these pre- a will doubtless present themselves forci- ly in the Senat~ of the United States, whether a treaty for the equitable partition of Oregon should be presented to that body, or whether the tailure of the negotiation for that treaty should render other and ulterior proceedings inevitable. But as this Oregon question has now reached a point at which it cannot possibly remain stationary, and us the existing con- vention of joint occupancy is virtually abrogated b the official declarations of both countries, that eac! of them has rights which it is resolved and prepared to maintain, a very short time will suffice to show whether Mr. Polk is prepared to terminate the dis- pute by a fair compromise, or whether he had rather succumb to the passions and prejudices of the peo- ple than accept from England, and offer to her, a Just concession. It is his own fault if he has ren- dered that concession more difficult by overstating his case, and setting up an exclusive claim in Ore- gon. Our claim has never been for exclusive sove- reignty, but for joint oceupation ; ner do we now take advantage of the fact of all but exclusive British occupation to raise our pretensions ; but it is clear that Joint claims toan unappropriated region can only be resolved into separate rights by a partition propor- tioned to the extent to which they have been actnglly asserted. The intelligence from Mexico is of a more decided character, and for the moment of greater interest, than the communications affecting our own relations with the United States. Since the adoption of the Annexation Bill by the Ameri- can Congress, the conduct of the Mexican Govern- mentand of its agents has been dignified and un- compromising. be Li ® be *. But in the mean time the has not been inactive. In these various documents we observe that the pre- tension of Mexico still to treat Texas as a revolted province is abandoned ; and we infer that the recog- nition of the independence of Texas by Mexico will be yielded as soon as there is a reasonable ropes that the independence will be honorably maintained. [From the Paris Constitutionnel, May 5.] The uncertainty which exists with regard to the disposition of the Government of Texas relative to the bill of annexation voted by the American Con- gress, appears to restore courage to the British poli- ticians, and to give them hopes that the intervention of the great Powers by diplomatic means may pre- yent the annexation. ‘England naturally desires to induce France to. adopt her views, and the Times, publishes an article calculated to demonstrate the fatal consequences of the annexation to the Spanish American race, and the dangers which threaten Eu- rope from the indefinite development of the power of the United States, and asserts that the Govern- ments of Great Britain and France are enacts agreed on the question of Texas. The Times has several times repeated this assertion without any contradiction having been given on this side of the Channel; and it agrees with the reports repeatedly circulated in London at the period of the Duke de Broglie’s mission. We do not expect to obtain any information from the Cabinet on the subject, but it is weil to direct the attention of the country to the ssibility of anew and gratuitous concession to “ngland at the expense of an old ally. Government cf Mexico * * * * Parliamentary, Maynooth, &c, The British Parliament meets on Monday after the Whitsun recess. This is the second division of the Ses- sion. The first terminated at Easter ; and, the conclu- ding one promises to be most important. Our relations with Amorica may probably be alluded to, but are har ily likely to be discussed. The wily Min- ister will keep his own councils and allow members to flounder as long as they like in the waters of conjecture In this respect, American statesmen might, with advan- tage, take a useful hint from the cautious tact which cha- ractises the Ministerial announcements in the British Par- liament. Upon Mr. Polk, the lesson would probably be lost—but even a statesman so eminent as Mr. Calhoun could without any damage to his well-earned reputation. His spoech on the Oregon bill when it came. be- fore the Senate, is now going the “round” of the English press, and who knows but that the indis- creet disclosures which he therein made, as to the policy of leaving the Oregon question in abey- ance’ for some twenty years, when Americans would be able to hold it themselves, may have furnished ahint, upon which the government is now acting, in ressing fora speedy settlement of that vexed question? ‘uropean statesmen appear to have become infected with Tallyrand’s axiom, that speech was given to disguise though, and feeling. Sir Robert Peel certainly sinned ayoinst the rule, when he admitted that the threa- tened rupture with America increased his desire to paci- fy Ireland ; but, during his long public life, it is almost the first fal'e stop of the kind he has made, and savagely has he been badgered about it. If all men were honest, candour would be the first of the virtues; but, in the ab- sence of universal perfection, statesmen must deal with the world as they find it. The first great question which will oceupy the attention of the House of Commons, will be Maynooth, The third reading of the Bill for the increased grant to that College is fixed for Monday. Of course it will pass—not, perhaps, with 80 thumping a majority as marked the second reading, and the divisions in the committee, but still with force numerically sufficient to teat down all opposition. ‘When Parliament broke up, the saints at Exeter-hall, scattered themselves in like maner all over the country, to re-appear at their old quarters next week. The “charmed life” which induced the Scottish thane to defy his assailant, was not a whit more unreal and visionary than the opposition which the saints are making to “burke” the Maynooth Bill. The fate of the Ministry is bound with it, which isa good reason why it shoul pass. The new education scheme for Ireland, which Sir James Graham developed before the adjournment of the | House, has not been very favorably received either in this country, or inthe country to which it is to be ap- jovernment purpose, in the three lay col- jouth- The feges which they intend to erect in the western, ern, and northern parts of the island, is to let take care of itself, The friends of the studen expected to look after their religions education, the State will not doso, Sir R. H. Inglis declar that this is to be a“ gigantic scheme of godless educa- tion, trange to say, Mr. O'Connell echoes the sen- timents and even the words of the member for Oxford. The learned gentleman, however, merely exprosses his ownindividual estimaie of the scheme; for, like a du ful son of the Church, he forbears sounding the toc until the prelates of his creed give the word. ‘The mea- sure, when it was first propounded by the Home Secre- tary, received the almost unanimous approbation of the Irish members who were present; and in his Dublin Par- liament Mr. O’Connell expresses his surprise that they could be so easily pleased. House or Commons, May 7.—Stave Trape—Ricnr oF Sranci.—Lord Palmerston wished to put a question to the right honorable baronet at the head of the govern- ment—it was one which he had put to him the other night, and which,as he was not then prepared to answer it, he would now repeat, By the treaty of Washington, d by the 9th article of that conelnded in August, 1842 treaty, it was stipulated, it“ whereas, notwithstand- ing all the efforts which be made upon the coast of ‘Aftica, for. the suppression of the slave trade, while the facilities for rying on that traffic by the frau- dulent use of flags so great, that the temptations for pursuing it when markets can be found are so strong, | that the desired result be long delayed, unless ali the markets now open ainst: the purchi of African negroes—t the treaty do th fore agree to unite in ming representations to, and remonstrances with, any and all of the powers with- in whose dominions such markets are allowed to exist, and that they will urge on all such powers the propriety and duty of clo: such markets fully, at once and for- ever.” m to ask whether, in consequence and in pursuance of that rticle, the governments of had been taken in pursuance of the 17th article, which ties a stated that ‘The high contracting to in- vite those maritime powers of Ew yet concluded trea trade, to accede to the present treaty.” The powers referred to, were Belgium, Hanover, Greece, and question which he wished to put to the right honorable entleman was, whether the parties to that treaty of ecember, 1840, had, in pursuance of the artiele be referred to, applied to those three powers to obtain their annexation to the treaty ? Sir R. Peeu said, that the noble lord cp 4 gi notice of his intention to ask the question whic! put, he made inquiry at the Foreign Office as to the trans- action referred to, “The noble lord had quoted, of course correctly—the article of the treaty of ashingtow 9 te representations and remonstrances to be made by the Go- vernments of Great Britain and the United States to cer- tain foreign powers. After the passing of that treaty, several conferences had taken place between hig. nol friend at the head of the foreign department and the American minister, Mr, Everett, upon the subject of the article in question. The question was, whether it would be most advantageous and most likely to bring about desirable results, were the representation to be made by both countries united, or by each for itself, The words of the article undoubtedly were, both countries should “ unite,” but it was not cons: that they were necessarily bound, therefore, to make @ joint representation,and that,should it be thought most de- sirable for each country to make a separate representa- tion, each country was at perfect liberty to do so. It was ultimately determined, as the best course to be adopted, that each‘country should make such a separate represen- tation. The government of Great Britain had faithfully adhered to that arrangement, and he understood from the American minister that the government of the U, States had also made a similar representation to Brazil, through their minister there, who had all along shown the utmost readiness to assist in every measure calculated to put down the slave trade. (Hear.) As'to the second question of the noble lord, he had correctly stated that in 1841 a treaty had been concluded by Great Britain, Austria, Prussi and Russia, conceding to each other a mutual right search, in order to suppress, as far as possible, the slave trade. That treaty had been signed by France, but had not been ratified by her. The other great pow of Europe, however, independent of that non-ratification, concluded the treaty. It was a quadruple treaty, binding on four powers, and it became ¢ question wheter, efter the refusal of France to ratify the treaty, it was desirable that representations should be made to the three powers who had not at all joined it, namely, Belgium, Hanover, and Greece. He believed that no vessels belo: te these countries were engaged inthe slave trade, nor were their oo used in the promotion of that trafic, No doubt it would be very desirable that all the maritime powers of Europe should unite to put it down, but there ‘were considerations connected with the refusal of France to ratify the treaty, which were judged to form obsta- clesinthe way of representation being made to the three powers alluded to. (Hear.) Viscount Patmenston observed, that as to the first question, as it appeared that the Government of the Uni- ted States had made remonstrances in execution of the article of the treaty of Washington referred to, he pre- sumed that there would be no difficulty in obtaining a di- plomatic communication of these remonstrances from that Government, and in laying t before the House. If the remonstrances had been joint, as was the literal construction of the treaty, they would have been laid on the table of the House asa matter of course ; but be- ing comformable to the treaty in spirit, although not in form, he still did not see that there could be any obsta- cle to their production. Svucan Dutizs—Orper ix Counci.—By an act passed in the present session of parliament, it was enacted that there should be charged, amongst other duties of cus- toms, the following, viz :— On sugar, the growth and produce of China, Java, or Mai m him had or ef any foreign country, the sugars of which ity in Council shall declare to be admissible as not being the produce of slave labor, and which shall be imported into the United Kingdom either from the coun- try of its growth, or from some British possession, having first been imported into such British pos: m the country of its growth, the following duties :— White clayed sugar, or sugar rendered by any process equal in quality thereto, not being refined, the cwt. 288. Brown sugar, being muscovado, or clayed, or any other sugar not equal in quality to white clayed, the wt, 23s, 4d., and so on in proportion for any greater or less quantity than a cwt. And by the said act it was also enacted, that with re- gard to sugar, the growth of any foreign country, be- tween which country and her Majesty there was then subsisting any treaty or convention binding her Majesty to grant to such country, either conditionally or other- wise, the privileges of the most favored nation; or to permit the produce of such country to be imported into the United Kingdom at the same dutios as are imposed upon the like produce of any other country, it should be lawful for her Majesty, from time to time, by Order in Council to declare, that from and after a dav to be named in such order, brown, muscovado, or clayed sugars (not being refined) the growth of such country, in case such treaty should continue to subsist, should be admitted at the rates of 28s. and 23s. 4d. respectively, in like manner as — the growth and produce of China, Java, or Manilla. And whereas, amongst other treaties and conventions as aforesaid, atreaty was at the time ofthe passing of this act, and still is, subsisting between her Majesty and the United States of America, which was signed on the 6th day of August, 1827, extending and continuing in force the provisions of a certain other treaty with the said United States of America, amongst which was an agreement that no higher or other duties should be im- posed on the importation into the territories of her Bri- tannic Majesty in Enrope of any articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture of the said United States, than were, or should be, payable on the like articles being the growth, (produce, or manufacture of any foreign country ;— And, whereas application has been made, on the part ef the Government of the said United States of America, the State of Venezuela, and the United States of Mexico respectively, claiming under the said treaties the admis- sion of sugars the growth of the United States of America, the State of Venezuela, and the United States of Mexico respectively, of the said duties of 28s. and 23s, 4d. per cwt. respectively :— Now, therefore, her Majesty, by and with the advice of her Privy Council, doth order that henceforward brown, muscoyado, or clayed sugars {not being refined,) the growth of the United States of America, or of the state of Venezula, or of the United States of Mexico, shall, if imported in accordance with the terms of the ac admitted at the said rates of duty, subject, neverth to the production of the same certificates and the maki of the like declaration as are required by the act wil respect to sugars the growth’of China, Java or Manilla. And the Right Hon. the Lords Commissioners of her Ma- jesty’s Treasury are to give the necessary directions ac- cord ingly to carry this order into effect from the present ‘May time. “May 10, 1845. Theatricals, &e. Tue New Opera or THe “ ENcHaNTREss”—By Mr. Batre.—This new piece was brought out at Drury Lane Theatre onthe _ult., and was hi successful In this piece Mad. Thillon made her debut with the greatest eclat. The London press thus speaks of it, and the fair debutanti :—The gene- ral character of the music is elegant and agreeable, and not too learned for thecommon ear. There are some ballads in it (likely to make the fortune of the musicseller who buys'the copyright) full of captiva- ting simplicities, and just the things to throw the metropolitan drawing-room into eestacies of delight. Fees eces: ins Cate: ae —— has been skilful employed in furnish tt effects. The opere in short, will saaieeath the ea “4 ation of the composer. That reputation, certainly, not referable to a very high standard ; but as it is awarded by thousands ‘of music-loving though mu- sically uneducated people, the term of existence in store for the Enchantress is therefore not likely to be limited. Balfe is the only man to whom theatrical patrons, who bravely pay their money at the doors, will listen ; and seeing that his songs and ballads are full of pleasing melody, have a graceful languor, and above all, are not hard of attainment by practising amateurs, it is not to be wondered at. As far as fancy and imagination are concerned, his operas are qnite equal to those of Donizetti, and others of the same class, upon which the fashionable attention ~ is turned with so mueh fervor. He is a good tacti- cian, and he knows how to write for the multitude ; and to his credit it may be inferred that he has here and there awakened a feeling for musicjin the bosom of his listeners, which may have afterwards taken a loftier and mere artistical direction. The songs sung by Madame Thillon were well calculated to exhibit the wondrous flexibility of her voice—naturally a thin and piercing organ, but so well exercised as to rarely fail in developing passages of brilliant intricacy. Her first air, a piece of co- quettish liveliness, she delivered with e and naiveté: and in another, in the second act, half- comic and half-sentimental, she obtained even a double encore! She sang also a cayatina, similar to that in the Crown Diamonds, which depended upon the subtleties of acting fer its eftect; and she was subsequently encored in a delicate little solo, which floated over a substratam of light chorus. ‘But her reat feat was a song beginning ‘Who has not Round rv witha “Tra, la, la” appendix, the orna- ments of which, a succession of scale passages and awkwardly contrived intervals, she executed with marvellous precision, fluency, and truth, throwing in now and then little embellishments—rare master pieces of capricious grace and vocal finesse! But it is scarcely necessary to point out one thing in pre- ference to another; she sang with indescribable smartness and skill Leg, ie and she was over- whelmed with applause. The pirates’ chorus, which occurred every now and then, had a very pretiy burden, and it was very nicely rendered by the singers, This, reproduced in a glee, will probably be one of the town favorites. ‘The singers were one vhen the curtain fell. ‘ stories @ anaiiah papers, we do not find Miss Cushman’s name; but we presume she was taking a the United states and of England had united in commu- | nicating any, and, if any, what ropresentations and re. | monstrances to the governments of Brazil and Spain, both of them nations included in the class of those re- ferred to. He wished, also, toask, with reference to the treaty in December, 1840, for the suppression of the slave trade— the treaty, he meant, signed, between Eng- land, Austria, Prussia, and Russia—whether any steps tour through the provinces, as previously an- nounced. ei Mr. Hackett’s whereabouts and doings is, in like manner, not mentioned, He was, perhaps, enjoy ing the Whitsuntide holiday, with ‘his, frieads, Mr. and Mrs. Kean, at their beautiful seat in Kent, Mr. Vorrest has been playing with somewhat bet-