The New York Herald Newspaper, December 23, 1844, Page 1

THE NEW YORK HERALD. Vol. X., No. 354—Whele Ne. 3954, Per Adams & Co.’s Express. ARRIVAL OF THE ACADIA AT BOSTON: FIFTEEN DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE. EXCITEMENT IN ENGLAND AND FRANCE ON HEARING OF THE Election of Polk over Olay. O’CONNELL AGAIN IN THE FIELD Depression in the Cotton Market: TROUBLES IN SPAIN AND RUSSIA, &e. &e. The Acadia arrived at Boston, Saturday morning at 8 o’clock, im seventeen days from Liverpool.— ‘The news by her is of little interest. We received our papers by Adums & Co.’s Ex- Press, at half past six o’clock yesterday morning. We make a part of our summary of news from Wilmer & Smith’s European Times. The Acadia had a very rough passage. On the 12th she was struck by a heavy sea which carried away one of her quarter boats, broke an iron stancheon, and did other damage. Our adviees from London are to the 8d, Liver- pool to the 4th, and Paris to the 2d instant. The election of Mr. Polk, as President-of the United States, caused much surprise in England, and elsewhere. The cotton market was in a very depressed state, and the prices were literally fixed by the purchaser. This was owing to the anxious desire manitested to effect sales. The colonial and general produce markets had been steady, and were likely to be favorably influ- enced by the comparatively easy state of the money market. Trade at Manchester continued brisk, and there were no stocks either of goods oriyarns ; notwith- standing this was what was termed the dull sca- son. The American Provision trade continued to form an important branch of commerce, though the U. States and Canadian flour has hardly supported pre- vious rates. The Great Western arrived out on the 23d in 184 days, and the Hibernia on the 28th, in 124 days. The late crop of potatoes in Ireland is found?to exceed the preduce of any year on record: The weekly meeting of the Repeal Association, on the 26th ult., was more than usually animated, _ owing to the presence of Mr. O’Connell. Mr. Richard Leyland, the great Liverpool banker, died on Sunday last at Walton. He died childless, and his large fortune will be divided amongst his nephews. It was said that M. de Logan, recently Consul- General of France at Tunis, was to go to China as Consul General. The splendid new steamship Cambria is adver- tied tor Boston on the 4th of Jan., 1845. The attention of the daily press is fixed upon the termination of the treaty with Brazil, the retalia- tory process of that country, and the consequences involved in it. The iron trade is most animated, and even at this, usually the dullest season of the year. Freights are much in the same state as at the sailing of the last packet, somewhat dull, and in the rates no alteration. Thorwalden’s statue of Byron, excluded from the sacred precincts of Westminster, is about to be erected in the Cemetry of Kensal Green. The total number of letters dispatched through the Post Office, London, in 1888, was 75 millions; in 1843, upwards of 280 millions. The Rev. Sydney Smith, who has been seriously ill for some time, is thought to be slowly recover- ing. ‘The reports that have for some time past prevail- ed relative to a contemplated change of the minis- try, have been contradicted from enthority. It 1s said that the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland has conterred the vacant deanery of Limerick on the Rev. Dr. Wilson, who isa whige and a decided supporter of the system of national education. The grand banquet to Sir Henry Potti: by th merchants of a apenaas, was to take Blase on’ the 17th instant. The parish of Tottenham, London, is ina fer- ment, on account of a dispute relative to the restor- ed observance of the Rubric. The French minister of the interior has ap- pointed “prin: eae to eeport on onde vantages oi the system of electrical tele; the possibility of their ‘application. siners, The British Cabinet, it is said, contemplates a complete change in the government of India, which will extinguish the political power of the East ln. dia directors. . The French Chambers were to meet on the 26th instant, and the Briush Parliament on the 4th of February. _, rhe accounts frem en inform us that Martin Zurbano, the old guerilla chief, had placed himself « the head of aniasurrectionary movement in Cas- Lie. Messrs Oakley and Levett have arrived from the United States, as representatives of parties in Ame- Tica, interested in the completion of the thinois cana ‘APasitation ig in progress for the repeal of the malt duties, but it is considered not af all likely to be successtul: A very calamitous and destructive flood occurred at Florence, in the early pet of the present month. The river Arno rose 80 igh, on Sunday, the 3d, from the heavy rains which fell on, that and the preceding two or three days, as to inundate two- thirds of the whole town to many feet in depth. A daring act of piracy was committed in the very midst of the shipping in the port of Gibraltar, on the night of the 5th ult. P srg ty Alexandria snd the 20th state that om ‘'acha is likely to prove refactory in regard to the proposed railroad across the Desert. The damage occamoned by the late. inundation at Havre is much greater than was at first su d. a veral of the bess quays were partially undermin- The Jownal des Debats state that Abdel Ka- Uys ai one Biliene, a aoe e country where t it not very firmiy established.” a bs A Several inyenious frauds in the i i silver plate, have lately been detected. 4 feed don custom house. Several incendiary fires have lately gi alarm to the inhabitants of Plymouth fad. tumee nity. A Paris paper alleges that the Progressista con- epiracy originated in that city, amongst a body of geutlemen who had been instrumental in the ex- pulsion of Eepartero from Spain. , The iron trade of Stourbridge is now very flou- rishing, and ull who are inclined to work huve full employment. Farat Coatrrir Acorpent—Loss or Firry Lives.—On the 27th ult. there was a loss of fitty lives, by the terrible Beiey of fire-damp, at the Gwm Avon Colliery, Neath. On account of the — oe of the —- gpg on the ex. losion, and the noxious e: , only four bodi had on that day been taken out. br akg a Loans ror Pustic Works in Canapa.—The Lords of the hleiyd | have given notice of their intention to dispose of Canada debentures or bonds ve the amount of rape by f not lees than each, stauing the eu: roposed to be paid for each £100, to be received Wier to Priday next, ‘ There are now in the course of erection, in Manchester, no fewer than thirteen warehouses— a dozen of which may be called first olass build. ings, worth on the average Tf annum—each to Sei Geen teen this to the state of things in 1841-2, when there was not « solitary the kind going on. mrp bes sre NEW YORK, MONDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 23, 1844, Tur Inptan Matt.—A letter from Marweilles, da- ted Nov. 28, says:—‘‘Yesterday the French steam- er Caire entered this port, from Alexandria, which place she quitted on the 20:h. By her we learn that on the 20th a telegraphic despatch was receiv~ ed, annouiyiog the arrival of the Bombay mail, at Suez, on the 19h. The steamer Liverpool enter- ed the port of Alexandria, to fetch the Indian mail, on the morning of the 20th ._ “Advices from Malta to the 24th Nov. state, that in all probability, the Sydenham, and not the Alec- to, will briog the Indian mai! to Marseilles.” Dr. Wolff 1s still at Meshed, from which place he was unwilling to proceed till he had received an escort from Col. Shiel, at Teheran. The British Parliament is to meet ‘for the de- spatch of business” on divers urgent and important affairs, on the 4th of February next, and various speculations are afloat as to the course likely to be pursued by ministers ; seeing that they will have an available surplus—a thing unknown of late years— in the hands of the Chancellor of the Exchequer. . There is still adearth of political news on this side the Atlantic—and in tprataonte of any actu- al occurrence to excite the public interest, we are driven to surmise and speculation. All seems either at a stand. still, or working so easily that the movement is scarcely perceptible. Even the royal preparations are suspended, and the Queen is, either entertaining her distinguished relatives, aud attending personally to the duties of maternity at Windsor Castle, or making prepara- tions for the enjoyment of the rapidly approaching festive season of Christmas. Great Banxixc—Housr Ronuzry.—One of the Greatest robberies ever perpetrated, occurred on the night of Sunday last, at the London Banking- house of Messrs. ers. & Co. Whether con- sidered with reference to the amount of property— £40,000 - or to the manner in whichits abstraetion was accomplished, this even stands foremost in the transactions of daring villainy. We beg to direct the especial attention of our readers on the American Continent to this affair, says Wilmer-| and Smith’s Times. As the facilities of steam navigation render the robber’s craft comparatively aasy in distant parts of the world, it is the duty of every man in business—of every honest man, to intercept the purloined booty, and bring if possible the perpetrators te justice. It is customary for a clerk to watch over the safe on Sun- day, and another during the night. One of the partners being at home on the day of the robbery, the clerk in attendance asked permission to go out for a tew. hours, which was granted. The partners of whom there are four, have each a key of the safe, and it is supposed that one of them in the hurry of business left it in the lock, for when the eafe was opened on the Mon- day morning, there appeared to have been no vio- lence used, although the robbers had taken some pains to | get at a box in the safe containing valua- ble securities. A reward of £3000 has been offer- ed for the discovery of the perpetrators, and the Queen’s pardon is secured to any of the rebbers xiving such evidence as may convict the offenders. The notes were st dat the Bank of England, and megsures were taken to prevent the notes from passing on the Continent. ExvatriaTep Canapians.—The packet shi Switelan which sailed on Friday last for New York, took out upwards of thirty persons concern- ed in the Canadian riots of four years past, who had been transpoited to New South Wales, they having,| after undergoing a portion of the punish- ment, received an amnesty from the Crown, CommerctaL Summany.—The colonial and gene- ral prodate markets have been steady, and are likely to be favorably influenced by the compara- sively. cpey state of the money market. Consider- ing the time of the year, the business doing has, however, been extensive, though a fair amount of business has been transacted, at previous prices, for the mest part all for home consumption, and by public pale. Our imports have been light, and chiefly trom the Baltic; exports very slender. The stocks of produce in first hands is generally very large 3 there is not much business advertised onw: Cuater or Mutiny on Boarp aN AMERICAN Vesseu.—On Tuesday, Wm. Whittaker and James Elliott;were brought before Mr. Rushton, at the Police;court on a charge of, mutinous conduct on board a vessel in the American trad: called |the Jerse: The testimony of Toho M*Kane, th id Elias Lessueur, the mate, supported by that of Captains Alexander and Bailey, the commanders of English vessels, who were resent at the time, showed that while the ship wat ying at Trieste, the two prisoners fell upon. the mate and beat him seriously, and upon Captain M’Kade interfering they also struck him. The men were a{terwards taken before the civil authorities of the /port, and sent home in irons on board their own vessel. Mr. Rushton hignly complimented the captain for his temperate and forbearing con- duct; the evidence scarcely established the charge of mutinous intention, but for the assault he ordered that the prisoners should torfei: all their wages, and each pay a fine ot £5, or, in default, to be im prigoned two months. A letter from Naples, of November 5, in Galig nani, saye—“The famous volcano of the Valley of Solfatara, near Pazzoli, in the pe ee of Naples, of which the last eruption took place in 1198, bu! which sent up in 1807 quant: of boiling water, has been for some days exhibiting the last men- tioned phenomenon. The water which it now emits is strongly charged with sulphur. It issues from the eastern crater in jets of about fifteen to twenty feet high.” ArremrT To Poison.—A wonderful account ap- pet in one of the Paris journals of an attempt aving been made to poison the Earl of Pembroke by a! pretty dansewse with whom his Lordship was on somewhat intimate terms, and to whom he had prontised a legacy on his death. The young lady, it is said, mixed poison with some drinks that she epared for his Lordship, in order that by his exit rom this wicked world, she might come into the enjoyment of the promised legacy. The Noble Lord being taken ill, had his suspicions aroused, and accordingly caused an examination to be made of one of the draughts which the young damsel had prepared for hie noble throat, and there, sure enough, were found some grains of deadly poison. Accounts from St. Petersburg speak of a com- mercial treaty for which negociations are on foot between Russia and England. These negotiations are gaid to be in a very advanced state, so that the conclusion of the coat, may be shortly expected There ure only some differences on a few points, which, it is thought, will be soon adjusted. The comparative merits of canal and railway communication across the Isthmus of Suez are ne ap canvassed by the French and English journals. The French are unanimous in favor of ‘a ship-canal; the English (or at least such of them as have taken up the subject) appear to be equally unanimous in favor of a railway. Which would be the best we cannot undertake to say without further information—we should think however the canal would be pat hieey though if the sends are likely to cover the rails and obstruct the engines on a railway, they are just as likely to fill a canal and obstruct the navigation. A Devinquent Cavont in Amenica.—John For- rester arrived in London on [riday, with Burgess, the Bank defrauder, whom the keen-scented offi- cer had hunted down and captured near Boston. They came over in the Mibernia. On Saturday morning John Forrester, by the di- rection of Mr. Charles Freehfield, waited upon the Gevernor of the Bank of England, and put into his hands the sum of £6500, part of the £8000 of which the establighment had been plundered by Elder and Burgess. It is expected that upwards of £1000 more, the produce of some stock which El- der had purchased, will be brought over in the next packet from Bost This case in a remarkable manner shows the efficacy of the Ashburton Treaty, There is no instance of such wholesale restitution in a case which the thieves managed to reach another country as this. Tue First Bisnor or New Brunswick.—The Rey. Prebendary Medley, Vicar of St. Thomas's, in the diocese of Eyde, has received the appoint. ment to the bishopric about to be constituted in hy province of New Brunswick, in North Ameri- ca. This appointment, while it reflects honor up on the reverend prebendary, will ensure te the church in this important colony the vigilant and efficient intendence of one eminently calcu- lated, by his zeal, ability, and learning, to dis charge the exalted function to whieh he has been AMERICAN and orne Forsign Leav.—The Lords of the ‘Treasury having had under consider Uon @ memorial, have grante etotake litharge of lead out of bond for the purpose of extracting silver therefrom, under the following regulations, that an equal quantity of lead be required to be re- turned, without allowance for waste, and that the re-ware housed lead be held to be foreign lead, and treated ag such, as fully if it were lead which had remained in the warehouse from the time ol ite being landed from the importing veesel, until the time of its shipment for exportation. American Cannies.—The late importation of American candles by the New Tork‘ packet-ehip id, at Lia said to be a novelty at that 1» is ot 0 at the port of London, For a consi- derable time past the London and New York line of packet ships have been in the habit of bringiee large quantities of American composition candles, which, on being landed, are immediately placed in bond for exportation. A merchant has informed us that several ships which lately sailed from the docks for India, China, and oiher ports, were sup- plied with this description of candies, and that the importers, atter paying freight, &c. realised a pro- fit of 2d per Ib. Tue American Consut. 1n Liverroor.—The new American consul, the Hon. Mr. White was, on Friday week, jena to the Chamber of Com- merce, at the Adelphi Hotel, and afterwards par- took of a splendid luncheon with the genilemen assembled. Englisn Opinion of Polk’s Election: The following are the remarks of the London Times iv announcing the intelligence :—This nom- ination of the Presidential electors has just been completed, and it SPORANY to leave no doubt as to the triumph of the Demoeratic party, and of their candidate Mr. Polk. The surprise, and we must add, the apprehensionsand regret,which this event will produce in Europe, are increased by the fact that it is the great States of New York, Pennsyl- vamia, and Virginia, which have turned the scale. Far from exercising that moderating power, and, it we may so speak of anything in America, that Conservative influence which might seem to be- long to their position, their wealth, their mercan- tle interests, and their exemption from slavery, Pennsylvania has in this instance obeyed the same influences, which have already connected hername with bankruptcy and anarchy, and New York has followed her example, ‘ Of Mr. Polk we know nothing, except that he has achieved a triumph over the most able and re- spected man in the Union, although he was scarce- ly more known in that Union a few months ogo, than he now isin Europe. He has not been cho- aen for his past services, or his political experience, or for civil eloquence, or for military fame ; for these qualities would doubtlees long ago have brought him within our notice, if he had possessed them or any of them. But the less of personal greatness or influence he could boast of, the better he fitted to answer the expectations of his ad- ‘Whatever he may turn out to be hereef ter, we can only judge of him at present as the de- legate or instrument of the passions by which he has beem thus strangely raised into this conspicu- ous position. As such, then, we must remark with no ordinary concern, that with the single ex- ception of the tariff question, on which he is pledged to a more liberal commercial policy than his opponent, his election to this important office is the triumph of everything that is worst over eve- ty thing that is best in the United States of Ameri ca. Itigavietory gained by the south over the aorth,—by the slave States over the free—by the repudiating States over the honest ones—by the partisans of the annexation of Texas over its op- ponents—but the adventurous and unscrupulous de- mocracy of the new States, and the foreign popu lation in those States, over the more austere and dignified Republicanism ot New England. No one in Europe has failed to observe the rapid decline of the United States in public morality and in publi¢ estimation, in their policy and their prin cipies ag a nation, and in all that renders a people permanently strong and prosperous, during the last few years, and more especially during the arciden- ‘al administration of Mr. Tyler. The death o: General Harricon was, indeed, in more ways than one a national, and more than a national, calami. ty; but we had not ceased to entertain the hope hae the party which brought him into office four years ago would now be strong enough to carry Mr. Clay’s election. It appears that the evil har already gone too far. By pandering to the passionr of the populace, Mr. Tyler has not only let loose, but instigated the worst tendencies of democracy To his treaty with Texas, which drove Mr. Van Buren from the field, Mr. Polk may be said toowe nig eleetion. Until that question was brought for- ward, the name of Polk was unknown except a! Almack’s. The Whig candidate has perizhed i+ the attempt'to stem this fierce current of miscre dited popelee excitement. The Whig party have been beaten, when everything depended on the possibility of restoring moderation and probity to the Gavernmentof the country by their influence; and,it is scarcely too much tosay,that Texas has al- ready given a President to the Union. If Mr.Poik ad here to the pledges uoder which his electors are likely to raise him to the chair, he is pledged to a foreign war. The grounds on which Gen. Jackson and his friends have given their, support to Mr. Polk, are before the world ; and We have already combated their arguments and their assumptions. They amcunt to the strongest expressions ot hosti- lity against the supposed influence and designs cf Great Britain on the North American continent; and either the means they have used to. gain the popular suffrages are as insincere es they are false, or they hold that the acquisition of Texas, by arms, if necessary, is the first duty of a President of the United States. They can hardly escape from the dilemma in which they stand between ex cessive rashness and excessive deseit; but we cannot expect that they will have the energy or the power, any more than Mr. Tyler has had them, to resiet or control the bapalen excite- ment which has brought them into office It has been observed by the most judicious ob- server of the ‘institutions of the United States, M. de Tocqueville, that political parties in Americe rally round an individual as the symbol of their own theories; and that parties are strongly interested in the election, not so much with a view to the triumph of their principles under the auspices of the Presi- dent elect, astoshow by the majority which return ed him, the strength of the supporters of those prin- ciples. It must not be presumed that the success of the democratic party on this occasion isso complete as at once to have decided in their favor all th great questions of domestic and foreign policy, It the election of a President irrevocably decided the policy of a United States Government for the next four years, the country would be not only ted but convulsed by such a contest. But the strict li- mitations impoeed by the constitution on the power of the chief, any ee: and more especially the control exercised by the Senate of the United States over his relations with foreign powers, render the triumph less signal and the danger leas imminent Be the indiscretion of a President what it may, he ean scarcely plunge the country inte way or confu- sion as long as the Senate remains faithful to ite trust. What,therefore,we chiefly deplore on the pre- sent occasion is, the defeat of those men who were most able and most willing to have labored to re- store the financial and political credit of their country; who, if they were unable to shake off the curse of slavery, would at least have striven to prevent the consequences of slavery from becom- tng the guiding and general law of the public po. liey ef the Union; who would have abstained from rapine, maintained peace, and adhered to the doc- trines which once shed honor on the characters of American statesmen. Clay and Webster are stil) entitled to that name; but the time is past when they could guide the destinies of their country, and by casting them off in the hour of trial, the people ofthe United States have only rendered the vices of their present condition more conspicuous, and prepared the way for the increasing evils and ex- ve of their future cafeer. ‘The contest forthe Presidency, eateemed so doubt- (ul, 1s decided—we may almost say unexpectedly; in tavor ot Polk, foremost in pcer ceney are the annexation of ‘Texas to the United tates, the sup- port of the institution of slavery, and, to use hie own words, “‘such a tariff for revenue as will vield a sufficient amount to the Treasury as will defray the expenses of Government, economically administered.” Other questions are likewise in- ine in this decision given by the citizens of the United States—the bank question, the distribution of the surplus revenue, affecting the repudiating States, Native Americaniem, and other minor mat. ters. According to the New York Herald, the tariff tay be somewhat modified at next session, though tt never can be essentially altered; no bank no dis- tribution can take place for the present; new noge- uations may be opened forthe annexation of Texas, putas the Senate willbe whig for two yearsat leas ty 3 can be done Nn shege regards ‘hat matter for ome time to come. This journa) rewards the whig party as utterly and for ever dis- banded, and conceives that on their ruins will ing upthe American Republicans. In another ticle it reviews the effect of the election upon the eee States in respect of the settlement ip the negative of the question of distributing the sur. plus revenue among the Statee—a measure of great Umportance both to this country and to the United tates ; and considers it a result most fortunate for ¢ character of the country and the prospects of the stockholders, as compelling them to depend aolely upon themselves in order to redeem theit ¢haracter. It conceives that a moral feeling will tow be awakened throughout the Union, which will operate a0 powerfully as to lead to the adoption ofan honest and upright course. Why this refor mation in moral feeling is to be, we are not in formed. We wish it were true. The total number of electoral votes is 275 ; and the number necessary to elect 188. If Polk but requires to carry one State of not less than seven The Wie there are ba ye he is elected Organs, generally acknow! ihe doteat of thett party, and ovek for im eeuase what is designated “the naturalization of for- eigners for the o jon.” The Herald explai “* Thus at last have the democracy had a mighty triumph—but their victory arises as much from the folly of their opponents, ag from their own merits and exertions. The leading Whigs in Congress, out of spite to the south, agitated an abstract ques- tion for years past—a question which has resulted in the orgenization of the abolition party in the free States ; and this party, assisted by Mr. Clay’s own friends, have destroyed all his chance of suc- cess. The American Republicans, recently organ- ized here and elsewhere, came to his rescue at ie eleventh hour, but it was too late to save im. {From the London Morning Chronicle.] The abolition tendencies of the Whigs alarmed them more than the anti-tarifl leanings of their opponents ; and the result was, the preterence of ‘olk by a majority of 6,000. ‘Lhis was a terrible damper, and had its effect ne the all-important election of New York, which state returns nearly one-seventh of the number of delegates. Iu vain did tidings arrive that the state of Ohio, which is the third in importance, had triumphantly returned Whig delegates, with a great increase of votes. In New York city Clay had indeed a respectable majority ; but in the western disiricts the Loco Foco intere: vailed, and carried every thing before it. 1t is said, that whilst the amti-abolition- ists of Pennsylvania opposed Clay as a foe to slavery, the abolitionists of New York opposed him also as but lukewarm in the cause. Certain letters ot his, indeed, betrayed a wavering on the subject of Texas. The election of Virginia, and of course of all the southern states, went in favour of Polls, and the result is his certain election. Throughout the struggle it is to be remarked how much more united and able the men and the interests of the south have shown themselves than the men and interests of the north. In the slave holding states there is no hesitation, no division, no eplitting of hairs and dispersion into parties. All vote as one man for the principle which is by them cherished above all others. In the middle state, the support- era at once of Democracy and slavery showed more addrees,if the Whigs displayed better oratory The partizans of Mr. Polk fully succeeded in per- suading the manufacturers of Pennsylvania that he was a sufficiently staunch prohibitionist. In New York, on the contrary, where lay the true strength of the Whigs, we see that strength fritered away and neutralised. The native Americans had dis- gusted the Irish party, whilst the too prudent de- aunciation of Texas annexation offended the sticklers for national spirit and national glory, who in the north ery out for conquests, even although that conquest should but increase the slave-holding states of the south. Althongh the election of Polk cannot but be favourable to the resuscitation oj principles of tree trade in America, nevertheless this 18 counterbalanced by other and great disad- vantages. He has succeeded, in a great measure, by the cry of Texas annexation. Now tiat he has succeeded, he cannot play Peel—he cannot prove inconsistent and ungratetul ; and he will find in Mr. Calhoun a ready and an able ministerial instrument. i Butatthe same time,the movements of Mr. Polk, unless neshould turn outa very superior man, will be very much hampered by the divergent views of the different fractions of the party which has elected him and he may prove little able toeflect either of the measnres expected of him—the annexation or the repeal of the tariff. Should this be the case, it will not be the first time that a President of the United States hasturned out the very contrary of what thoge who voted for him expected. (From the London Spectator ] There 1s nothing surprising in the result of the Presidential election in the United States. It » verely a repetition of what has happened at every election since 1800. The democratic mass has ob- tained another victory over theDoctrinaires of Ame aca Since the recognition of American indepen dence in Great Britain, there has alway: veen a Doctrinarie party in the union; i: has been almost a hereditary party. Ham- ton was in a manner its founder; the two Adamses have been its principal ornaments Tt has enrolled under its bannern a decided majori- ty of the public men of the union, who, born to & competency, have enjoyed a systematic education and opportunities of cultivating refined tastes, li has been an intelligent and on the whole an honor- able party—rather sceptical, the natnral tendency of men of the world, as to the perfectibility of maw ortbe wisdom and virtue of the magses—with a good deal of knowledge, a great deal of fastidious nees, and nota little pedantry. This party has from its character been more powerful in coteries than with the public. It has had too much faith in ab stractions and precedents to know and control ac- tual circumstances; its little airs of superior refine. ment and learning have alienated and disgusted the great body of electors. It has called itself fed- eralists at one time and whig at another; but it har still been the same unchanged and unchangeable party, the counterpart of the Gironde or the Doc trmairesof France—of the ‘*Liberal Whigs” or “the Educated Radicals” of England. Opposed to this party of men made by echook and colleges, has always been the great democra tic mass, which feels rather than thinks—which ueeds men—leaders as the exponents and visible symbols of principles. When the Union has hac astatesman of commanding character, this sen. tient body has been guided by his will. So wasit in the times of Jefferson, ot Madison, of Monroe. When such a master-mind was not to be had, the democracy has been split into sectarian worship pers of a number of local leadere—provincial great men. But even when the mass has been thus taken at a disadvantage, the Doctrinaires have rarely if ever been able to make good use of 1t.— Somehow or other. the bellwethers of the flock have agreed to cede their claims in favor of one of their number; ortheir followers have been in- duced to desert them fora time in favor of some man of straw, till that moment unheard-of. The democratic mags is the field,which yields a har- vest to experienced political traders—the Doctri- aaires are too sensible to be used by them, and too supercillious to nse thenr; and the political traders, by appealing to the public sentiment of the mo- ment, carry theday. * * * * The moral of these events seems to be, that tha most caretul education and best opportunities of aelf-tuition cannot compensate for the want of the vivida vis, which enables men to command their tellows; that this inborn force is of comparatively little value without education; and that where men born and bred to command are not to be had, people will put up with any block rather than take an artificial imitation of them. Jefferson, Madi- son, and Monroe, and even Washington, were by cireumstances and education ef the same class as the Doctrinaires; but they hada natural power within them, wanting which all the accomplish. ments of the latter have not been sufficient to en- able them totake the lead. Jackson was of the million; he had the native energy, but wanted the mental cultivation, so that his public career hay been neither useful nor ornamental, And the histories of Van Buren and Tyler afford nothing more than exemplifications of the kind of blocks that the million will fall down und worship rather than desert the idolatry of its own will. [From the London Exeminer } It is made a reproach in freedom, that it states where i jleveloped, and where sovereignty or ministerial power is elective, mediocrity i enabled to dominate and prevail over r le as in etates of monarchie and aristocratic inetitu- tions. There are other modes, however, of ac- counting for the examples from which the conclu- gion is drawn, than by supposing that the people theinselves always preter the mediocre to the supe- rior, or the empty to the full head. In all great liberal parties or opinions there are necessarily frac- tionsand divergent interests, If, in order to the success of the liberal party in general, all are ob- liged to unite, and unite by a compromise, it be- comes impossible or difficult that the leading men of any one faction can be accepted asthe represen. tative by the other. All that is left, therefore, is to select a man of small eminetce and no prece- dents, to whom, none of the fractious can have # decided objection. Such is the history of the choice of Mr. Polk as their candidate for the Pre- sidency by the Convention of all the members of the democratic party of America which met a! Balumore. The more eminentleaders of the more liberal party in America had some taint, or disad- vantage, which would have jeepardised theirselec- tion. Wan Buren had too openly affronted the popular ardor fur annexing Texas: Mr. Calhoun, as a slave holder, was odious to the abolitionisis ; General Cass and Mr. Tyler had striven for popu larity, but so recklessly that they lost the counte ance of rational and substantial men. And it 19 0 very good sign in the United States to see how easily mere fools and talkers are shelved and eet aside. Another thing to be admired in the United States is the discipline of party. Had the Liberal of England or cf France to fight such an electora battle as the Liberals of America have just won, they would have been beaten and dispersed to th: winds for want of discipline and common under standing. Let us not, therefore, be too ready to cast contumely on the Americans for having eleci- Boas tat in MR wry Le for us to envy or tate to dispise, in the party manwuvres and management of the Americans. {From the London Economist } Mr. Polk has secured the support of all those whose intercourse with this country is rendered ible by the State of our laws. r. Polk, by 1i8 advocacy of a free commercial policy, essen- tially represents the feelings of the great Southern States—the producere ot cotton, rice, and tobacco. He has alao secured ae majorities in the States of Pennsylvania and New York, by which it is evident that the great mercantile interests of those States are superior to the manufacturing and agri- cultural ‘interests, which combined in support of Mr. Clay. [t was with regard to these two States that the greatest doubt prevailed, and on the result of which the election chiefly depended. We were much struck by the strong appeal which Mr. Web- ster made at a recent meeting at Philadelphia, to the varied interests of manufacturers, miners and others supposed to be deeply interested in the high tariff in favor of protection to home industry ; and yet, when the fatest intelligence left, this State showed a majority for the free trade of 4068, and the State of New York of 9021. 3 The most striking result, however, is that of the State of Ohio. This is the great wheat-growing State of the Union. It is the State which, above all others, has the deepest direct interest in re- ceiving the cheap manulactures of England. But the penal of Obto have long held this language to England, “* Your cheap manufactures would no doubt be a great advantage to ys, if we had the means to purchase them, but as long as you refuse a market for our corn, in exchange for your cloth and ironware, their cheapness and superiority are matter of no object tous. You invite us to buy, but are unwilling to take the only means we have of payment. You exclude us from supplying the artizans in England with our produce, who would be employed in what we require; and we have, therefore, no choice but to support that policy which will induce those artizans to remove to this country—that that exchange, which is at present impossible, may become possible, though on terms less profitable to either party.” Such has been the language of Ohio, and with such feelings the great wheat-growers of America support by a large ma- jority the candidate who is pledged to the policy which will exclude the goods of England. (From Charles Wilmer’s News Letter, Dec. 4.) The anes election of Mr. Polk, as President of the United Statgs, has been a fruitful theme ot discussion for the British and French prints, all of which express much surprise that Mr. Clay should be shelved for 2 person comparatively unknown to fame. Some i observe that the Polk-a mania which has been running through Germany, Soain, France and Epgland,has at length got tothe United States. Generally they indulge a hope that he will be favorable to ¢he modification of the tariff, but they seem to know very little about him and to be unable to predict his probable policy.— The result of the election is regarded as of moze importance to foreign countries, but especially England, than any that has taken place for some years on the other side of the Atlantic. _ [From the Liverpool Mail, Nov. 30.) A citizen of the name ot Polk—a man unknown to fame—has been virtually elected President of the United States of America, thereby defeating the pretensions of Mr. Henry Clay. Mr. Polk,who stood on the loco-foco or rabble interest, has de- clared himeelf favorable to the annexation of Texas to the federal union, to slavery, anda modified tariff. Mr. Clay is what the Americans call a “‘whig,” an anti-slavite, a man of peace, favorable to a stiff tariff, heavy customs, and unbounded pro- tection to American manutectures. How he came to be beaten istather curious, The talse,it not fraudulent, principle upon which the American constitution is tounded, 18 year _by yeur sinking the republic deeper in the mire. For instance, it is the luw there that every foreigner who comes has itin bis power, by means of a de- elaration, to become 4 free citizen, and vote in the elections. The Americans thought this wise po- liey at the commencement of. their independence, on the principle that having stolen the property of their king, they had an equal right to steal his or any other King’s subjects. It is an adage that stolen property never thrives—never, in the end, benefits the thief; and the Americans have a! length discovered this to be a fact. For many vears, tens of thousands of Irishmen, Germans, Poles, and other foreigners, have landed on their shores, a vast proportion of them in regs, hungry, and homeless, ready, of course, te work, beg,fight, or do any thing for a dish of potatoes, @ slice of pumpkin pie, and a draught of sour cider. These men have become electors; and they are not on!; tormidable in point of nurpbers, but, what is more to the purpoge, every man’s vote is worth irom ten to fifteen votes in all the large towns. They con- srl a carry all the elections, oy force and fraud. Ihe native Americans, of the more reputable class, complain of this, and lament it. It is lament able indeed—it is disgraceful—it is demoralizing— but they have no right to complain, for they or their fathers framed the code of laws under which this villainy, in the first place, and canker worm now. was introdaced into the republic. They deeply feel he evil, but we are afraid they have not the cour- age, if they have the power, to provide a remedy The only effectual cure would be to pass a law that none shall be allowed to exercise the political fran- chise who cannot prove that they are natural born citizens of the United States. This,of course,would cause a commotion—a sort of Irish rebellion—per haps some burning and bloodshed, But until some such law 16 passed, the Alive will continue to sink in the estimation of all intelligent men, and coal more and more odious in the eyes of the world. Mr. Clay was universally respected by the better portion of the Americans, es a man of moderate opinions, excellent business habits, and conciliato- ry manners. Besides, he was well knewn in Eu- rope, has long been before the public, an active legislator, and chastened by years and experience. Who Mr. Polk 1s we may gue s {rom his supporters He evidently belongs to the Jackson and slave fac- tion of the south, whose unconcealed designs upon Texasare for the purpose of manufacfuring two o1 more states out of that envied territory, and turn- ing the balance in favor of the slave-owners, both in the House of Representatives and in the Senate. {f he and his party are bent upon wresting Texas for such a purpose, itcan only be done at the ex- pense of a doubtful war, for which we suspect,the republic can ill spare the means. Before any dol- I re expended upon an invasion and robbery of this kind, we would suggest the propriety of first paying their European creditors. [From the Dublin Freeman’s Journal, Nov. 30.) TheGreat Western, which arrived in Liverpool about midday on Saturday, “oye intelligence ot the utmost importance to those who feel interested in the concerns of America. The election of the democratic candidate, Mr. Polk, was secured at the date of the advices brought by this packet.— 30 many of the State returns had gone in favor of that gentleman’s party, that even should all those which remained vote (or Mr. Cla they could not change the final result. In fact, before this time, Polk has been named the future President of the United States, and Clay, the ablest man amongst the whig party, defeated under circumstances the most extraordinary which have ever ac- companied any previous Presidential election. — {It will not be forgotten that the last election for President passed in favor of a Whig, General Har- tison. Many causescombined to make his party hold the preponderance they then acquired. There was the patronage of the government, which al- ways secures friends. There was the aversion of the northern States to a modification of the tariff to which it was supposed the Democratic warty stood pledged, and this seemed to the Whigs the whole influence those states could wield. There was the weight of the a very party, which, with singular infelicity, opposed the can- didate for President who was most favorable to the Irish residents in the Union, while they claimed the support of every Irishman in the move ment by which they seek to give effectto their principles. These men supported Clay, though he igas much an advocate of the “ ing’itution” which perpetuates slavery as Poik. Again, all those whore sentiments were opposed to the “ annexa tion” of Texas joined the whigs; acd worst and tast of all the whigs themselves propos d and eflect- eda juoction with the “native American” party wherever those assassinators of Irishmen ano church wreckers had existence. The American whigs in this election have identified themeelver with those who ery out “no Poper 3” who deem it a work of merit to shoot the “ Papists,” and are convulsed with rage that any man of Irish birth should presume to exercise the franchise in those states whose liberties wonld never have been con- quered or perpetuated but for the Irishmen who bled for America trom Buuker’s Hill to New Or leans. We cannot but look upon this election, there: fore, as fortunate, if not providential. The “na tive Americans” have been signally discomfitted and the Whigs ho not alone accepted, but wh courted a participation in their deep and inde'iblr disgrace, have received a defeat the most disas trous that ever betel a . But what makes thir result more acceptable to the feelings of the friend: egy in, thi Geteat sowing fo iy ores, tion of and “ ee Inwpired is Pennsylvania, where heir atrocities, as elected President of the United Stat nal des Debats is by no means satis! turn the election h: sult,” says the Debai impression, and it is not easy to doubt it, the elec- tion of Mr. Polk is certain, and we thus see the di- rection of public affairs, at a moment when it re- quires the most consummate experience, pass from the most capable hands into those of an improvise candidate, ot whom the best that that he 18 ‘a remarkable mediocrity.’ ” g0es on to show the state of the votes in favor of. the two candidates, and having shown that the re- sult must be in favor ef Mr. Polk, it concludes— ‘ Che result wa be to give the pects x; pee Ta- ical party ; that isto say, to a party which its very cmtten Tenilere unfit for the re-establishment of order, and the consolidation of a society which is at the success of Mr Polk. The Presse that although it does not usually mix itself up wiih the domestic politics «f foreign countries, it can- not help congratulating France yp, Mr. Clay, and the success of Mr. Polk. 1 that Mr. Clay had worked hard to establish American system of tariffs, which has been ex- tremely injurious to several of the productions of their principles, were best known, and where the Whig candidate has been defeated on this occasion by a much larger majorit ported the pretensions of election of 1840. than that which eneral Harrison in the [From Wilmer & Smith’s Timen, Dec. 4] The ‘Great Western,” last week, brought the intelligence of the election of Mr. Folk, as dent of the United States. A different result had been anticipated. A struggle so momentous must have important consequences, and accordingly, the subject has been viewed and analysed in every poseible light and shape by the English prees. Re- publicaniem in every phase, democratic influences, with all their advantages and drawbacks, the ¢ cess and otherwize of the great North American family experiment, since it cut all connection with John Bull count—all these topics have paseed in ¢ have been treated at great length, with much abi- lity, and, generally sree with candor during the last few days. No ce y zles the political economists and the speculators in abstract theories, so much as the United States.— tis an enigma ; people here see the Union daily going ahead, n all of tienal prosperity, abounding in all that constitutes wealth and greatness, and yet hardly a day passes cei mpeecy: Tuin 18 not predicted. “It cannot possibly e u slavery of the south is referred to. ‘lt contains within its bosom the elements of dissolution,” cries another—aud the array of races and sects against each other in the great citiés of the north is pointed out. to pay their debts, can never command respect, or become permanently happy and prosperous,” shouts a city usurer, as he buttons up hie greasy breeches pockets, and snaps the finger of scorm at Pennsyl- vania, and f Reasons are as plentiful as blackberries why Ame- rica cannot flourish or endure; but, there stands Ahe undeniable fact, staring the logicians and litical economists in the face, that she does thrive, und that every move hitherto teken by her people has been onward ; that every man in the towns is an independent citizen, and every man in the country, an independent farmer; that squalid mis- ery and death from starvation—unhappily no novel- ties in England—are unknown on the other side of of the Atlantic, where destitution, unless produc- ed by intemperance or by idleness, has no exis- the suc- and set up house-keeping on its own ac- in review, and country in the world puz- increasingin allthe elements of na- ang together,” exclaims one—and the “A people thatare too dishonest her half score repudiating sisters.— tence. Mr. Polk’s success has not been favorably re- ceived in England. He is anew man—hie name is strange to our ears, as, until resatiys it_was to those of his own countrymen—and the En; love not new names nor new men. f has been mainly secured by the annexation cry— an unpopular cry on this side of the Atlantic, as it is aesociated with slavery and its evils. He owes itto the combined support ef the repudiators of the north, and the planters of the south— nous alliance. Finally, as the distribution of the proceeds from the public lands is not within the Compas cf his policy, the holders of the tainted On Nevertheless, a large party—the free trade —rejoice at Polk’s election, he will popularize the ta: i merce ef the two countries on a more liberal and satisfactory basis—if he can. His success ssee no chance of touching their dollars.— because they believe and place the com- French Opinions of Polk’s Election. The Paris papers are full of remarkson the newly . The Jour- fied with the “Ii the definitive re- “should confirm our present an be said i ft then st the present moment shaken to its very founda- tions. ‘tue; Opposition papers, on the contrary, rejoice declares, m the failure of Tt sa) France, and that if he had been elected, that tariff would no doubt have been maintained, and per. haps aggravated; but that, under the presidency of Mr. Polk,it hopes fora modification of the system, which will be favorable to France, especially as Mr. Polk has shown a disposition to lower the ta- riffs, and has even given promises to that effect to his own party. The decision of both England and America on the two great questions of Texus and Oregon will be louked forward to, says the Presse, with great anxiety by the whole political world. The usual weekly meeting of the Repeal Asso- ciation, was held on Tuesday, at the Conciliation Hall, Dublin. The chair was taken by Maurice O’Connel, M. P. i The business of the day was very miscellaneous, snd O’Connell made several speeches; havii first donned a new crown-shaped cap of velvet a gold. He alluded caninnaly to the municipal elections, declaring that the Repealershad behaved ‘*in the noblest way.” He then read a letter from Dr. Blake, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Dromore, to Mr. Ray. congratulating him on the resumption of his public labours; avowirg the conviction that eve! Corgi ought to be directed, in a con- stitutional and legal manner, to attain the ‘one great paramount object,” a domestic legislature ; aod increasing his annual subscription to the Repeal rent from £1 to £3, irrespectively of the shilling a week ane he pays to the local collec- tion of rentin Newry. The Linexaton ged to hand in £1, which he had got from the Rev, J E. Moriarty, Super.or of the Augus tiojan Order, in the vee gies is econ not handin that sum without expressing his regret seeing his Reverend and esteemed friend, Mr. Moriarty, inthis country. His regret was not a want of personal regard for him, quite the contrary; heregrelted the occurrence of the events thet compelled ‘aim to come amongst them, to endeavor to raise a fund (or the purpese of building a Catholic Church in Phila- Jelphia— (Hear, hear) The public were generally aware that atrocities unparalleled in civilzed times—that her- rorsthat made men ashamed of belonging to human na- ture—hed been perpetrated in Philadelphia by “the na- ives” against the Catholic inhabitents of Philadelphia, without provocation on any oceasion, or without the ane. rence of provocation. On the first occasion tay a a Mecting, and entered into resolutions againat the Irish, and aa the Irishmen allowed them to peaceably, hey moved an adjournment into the Irish aed went to look for a riot, and whoever went amongst Ji mon to look for a riot was @pt to find one- (leughter.)— And it he did not find one he would make one. most brutally, barbarously, and treacherously obtained trom he Irish their arma, and then destroyed two of the Irish Catholic churches in that town. On the next occasion, on the 4th of July, the celebration of the independence of America, without the least pretence, this brutal and bar- harous mob attecked the Irish, got the authorities to re- quire of the Irish to give up their arms, on receiving mises of protection ; but the moment the arms were given ap they wrecked the Catholic church, though they did not burnit. (Heer) The Americans were said to be a proud people—they were a base people, for serlien erat some Mind of protection for the peaceable ofthe inhabitants, and check the horrible spirit of and national bigotry and fanatie! the worst ‘of fa- naticism—that prevailed there. He believed in the history of reiigion there was no instance of a Catholic people com- misting acts ofcrueity egainst personsprofessing a diferent faith. ‘There were certainly unfortunate instances of Ca- tholic sovereigns passing persecuting laws. England al- forded an unhappy evidence of thet. They could not fer- get what hed hep ar cnd in En in the reign of Queen Mary; but from his (the Liber Ys) knowl ae there was no instance of @ Catholic ir vg inst the religion of any other y Theat wes not un- the vase with some of those who did not egree with tl in religion, and the most base persecution that ever occurred im any country was carried into effect the mob in Philadelphia. They hed thetown under t! command until the military—the militia was called out— they actually fought them, and killed two ef them, snd would bave rated every horror thatthe imagination could think of, if they were not checked by a Military force (hear) He (the Liberator) saw the other day in an American newspaper @ a never would have tranq extirpat unbappy sect that held some wild tenets of their own ; a nbn abet they Mor- mons were ted. Taat wes on bry quiet! Oe, Ae] entitled to pr Jid the meeting think of a newspeper sxtermination ? (oh! eh!) That was not all; the next paragraph said that after exterminating the Mormons ca should exte: minate the Catholics. (Oh! oh!) Wi! must be the state of things when a newspaper incites to murder and mesencre? He (the Liberator) wished they hod the loan of Vinegar Cruet Smith then, but there was no attorne: aumanity end put down irderer who pro-, claimed their doctrines of assassination in the public pa era,and even inthe noon dey. (Hear, heer) Itwas rom that cruelty his reverend friend, Mr. Moriarty, had ‘led to his native country, and he ceme to get the means of raising his church agein. His personel was al eulogium; he was personally esteemed by every person who knew him, and by none mere than