The New York Herald Newspaper, December 21, 1844, Page 1

THE NEW YORK HERALD. Vol. X., No, 35%3—Whole No, 3952. THE NEW YORK HERALD. AGGREGATE CIRCULATION THIRTY-FIVE THOUSAND. THE GREATEST IN THE WORLD. To the Public, THE NEW YOKK HERALD—Daily News Ushed every day of the year except New Year's Day and Fourth of July. Price 2 cents per copy—or $7 26 per annum—postages paid—cash in advance. THE WEEKLY HERALD—published every Satanlay moruing—price 64 cents per copy, or $3 18 per annum—post- Beraid gover THUY IVE THOU So md or the worth, and, Ue therefore: the Satchel jor business mien tn the city or country. Prices mor in advance, PRINTING of all kinds exeeated at the most moderate price, ad in the most elegant style. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, Proraitor oy THE Henarp Estap.isHMent, Northwest corner of Hulton and N: streets. NEW YORK AND HARLEM RAILROAD COMPANY. WINTER ARRANGE, On and after October 28, ‘cars will after Oct eri will run as. Leaving City Hall hac, Willams Bridge, Hunt Betas Ford- ham ¢, Underhill’s ‘Road Tuckahoe, Hart’s Corners and White Plains, 7.90 A. M., 10.36 A.M. 1B. M. and 3.30 P. M. Leaves Williams? Bridge for City Halt 6.45 A. M.. 1145-4. M., 240 B. M.,445 P.M, Leaves ‘Tuckahoe for City Hall 825 A:’M., ‘A.M 155 P.M., 45 P White Plains for City. Hall § A. ML tt A M. freight traing will leave City Hall at only, after leaving the Ci Hall, at the corner of Broome st. aud the Bowery Vaushall Gar den and 27th street, An iExtra Car, precede each Train ten, minutes before the time. of starting from the City Hall, Aud will take up passengers along the line. x , Extra Harlem and Merisiania Trains, for Morrisiania and in- termediate places, { Leave City Hall for Harlem and Morrisianiay A.M.. 9 A. Morrisiama for City Hail, 8 A: M,2P.M.,, 4.30P.M. Leave M., 10 A. SL, 3B. M., $.30 P.M, y order of the Board, _ni8 3m* re ‘W: 8. CARMAN, Secretary. LONG ISLAND RAIL-ROAD COMPANY. . WinlbR AKRANGEMEN L, ‘Trains run as follows, commencing Dec. 14th, 1814 :— Leave Brooklyn, at half-jast 7 A. M., (New York side 7 A. ‘M.) Boston Train for Orenport, daily, Sun- days creeped, stopping at Farmingd. Jano) tsk AM eae for Hicksville and and on Tuesdays, Thurs: ', through to Greeaport and for Hicksville and intermediate at 3g P a places, daily, Sa.days excepted. Leave Greenport 2 1e Boston rata 31 P. Moron reamers diily, Sundays evs George's Manor and 3 Brookly: earrival of tea d, ing at St. at 9 A. M,, Accommodation Train, for Brooklyn and) intermedia » on Mon- , days, Wednesdays and Fr From Hicksville for Brooklyn and intermeds laces daily, Sundaysexcepted, at-7 A.M. and 1 P, M. ¢ 3 AYS. Leave Brooklya for Hicksville and intermediate places, at 9% ( 436 P. M for Jamaica. Leave Hicksville at 2>_ P. M, for Brooklyn. [tere dumsice ar 2. if for drookign, fame ig P.M. Mondays, )_ 4 Taesda Weluesdays, Via Norwich. | Thurs Fridays. § Saturday dé tm* m WINT TERK AKK On and stuer we st of October the cars will leave— IG-NOTICE..£3) STATEN ISLAND FERRY. On and after Sunday, Dec. Ist, the Boats will leave as fol lows, uattl further notice:— AVE STATEN ISLAND: 84, and 10, A. Ma 8 and 4, P iM. 4 aay New VORA 9. and 12, A. M.; 334, and 5%. On Sandaye the Bost will caveat ly Acie; su place of 12. nie ¥ALL AND WINTER ARRANGEMENT. NEWARK AND NEW YORK. FARE ONLY 13} CENTS. THE NEW AND Rays EAMER RAINBOW, CAPTAIN JOHN . ‘pms * ON and after September 10th will ran daily, follows (Sundays included) :—Leave New- '» foot of Centre street, 8 o'clock A. Mm a oe New York, foot of Barclay street, 3 e’clock P. M. re : WINTER MAIL LINE Fe BANY, D. HY at 5 o’ciock, P. M., landing at inter Blaces. at * VULUMMBIA, Captain William H. Peck, Mewanr, Wedueslay, Wriday, and Bunday Affernoots, st $ loc! ‘ee ‘Steamboat UTICA, Captain E, Hyatt, on Tuesday, Thursday end Saturday Afternoons, at 5 o’ctoek. x (> Vassengers taking ine above line will arrive in Al bay in ample ame to cake’ the Momii Cars for ont or west. ‘The boats are new and snbstancral, are furr- Risuest with new and elegant state rooms, and for speed and ae- ep a atthe ities. fon the ‘wharf, é ag * UNITED erat NOE URE ter WEEN “NEW ae AND ALBANY Via——BKIDGEPORT—HOU- SATONIC AND WESTERN RAILROADS—The steamboats FUREKA, Capt. Truesdell, and, Novica, U-pt Brooks, willleave the pier at the Toot of uose= veltrtreet, daily, Sundays excepted, at 634 A.M. Returning, the Lin leaves Albauy at? Ac M. !bany passengers, on arriving at Bridgeport, proceed imme- ; and, without change of Baggage or arrive ju Albany the same evening. eight Train daily at 636 A.M. fusther information, both as to freight and 1, PERKY, Agent, at the office tin, Wells and Porn troy's Rxpre 4 AM RB. MASON, Baperiatendant, im? m 72 South street. ‘OR BATH, GARDINER AND OWELL. he: bs pe ‘Captai: gage, apply Rovavelt. street, o1 ice 2 Wall street. PEN > Ray even Lge Selock. rill be in seadinecs on har arrival ot the above pl=ees, to convey Passengers to the mleiberien towns. PASSA.,, OM GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND THE Shac L, LINE {Sailing from Liverpool ou the Tek aud 13th of th, ailing from Liverpool on ‘and 19th of every month.s it hing to seud to the Old Country for their friend ean thake she nechessry arpusigemeats with the Sabscribers, and have them come owt in. i ‘ine of ts, Saili fom Liveepool pimetaally on the ith and igh of ever? monte ri first rate f American trading ships, Po gk pg mia x + (Mr, James D. 5 19 eke that thay shall be Porwardcd with care and doe. mca he an eet or et, ne il ye w i juction, ‘The Binek. Ball gr Old Line of Livepool Packets, comprise the following magnificent Ships, viz. Te OXFORD, N YORK. CAMBUDGE, COLUMBUS, - EUROPE, SOUTH AMERICA, ENGLAN NORTH AMERICA, D, With such superior and uneqoalled arrangements, the Snb- acriders confidently look forward for a continuance of that su port which has extended to them so many years, for w! they are grateful. Wank 5 ot, lose proceeding, of, remitting money to their relatives, can ae al times han, Data at he for auy amount, drain daeet on the Rogal Bonk of Ireland, Dublia, also, on Messrs. PRESCOTT, GROTE, AMES & CO. | nkers, 5 be prid om demand at any of the Banks, or their I the, jae ‘al towns throughout ‘and Wales England, Ire- OCHE, BROTHERS & CO. 35’ Fulton street, New York, next door to the Falton Bauk. N, BoThe Old Lane of Liverpool Prokets sail from this port for Liverpool on tre Ist and 19th of each month. Parties retu: tng to the Old Country will find it heir comfort aud adven- taze to select this favorite Line for their conveyance, in prefer- ence to any others Wein tmeee POR LIVEMPUOL—The New Line—| Packet 21st Decemnber.—The superior f Ne batt ip LIVERPOOL, « rt built packet sh .o Mize vor ecrthern, tr above, ler ogalas dn " roioen, will said n sae, having Very superior accommod: 4 aesed by Any slit in port, apply to the Capeata on boned? rt, any § bie Sonun & MINTURNS, Price of Passage $100. > preket shij West, Capt. Philip Wi woe ets ip Queen of the Wes 150s Fyn , will succeed the sail on }. n22 her segular day, 21st Jan, FOR LIVERPOOL—Regul: jet of 26th Whe" soleadid. fiaee chee caniting. Preker 1D Vaptain will ely sail Le 8, Capuais it jar day. “Having very superior accommodations for cabin, sseond cabin nnd steerage passengers, persone wishing to embark should make tame*ate application ou board, or to. 815 re No. 100 Pine cinest eomner at tenth NOTICE TO SOUTHERN AND WRSIEKN MERCHANTS. i, subscriber continues to manafxeture and has constantly an full assortment of e! Loon for the Paty ora an from C Markets, mano! best materialt Oe ald aut competewt workmen, which be ls’ prepared to sell at Alps cera rasortment of Agricultural Implements and et pee es HOT cee Mar Bema at a ‘also, ‘ rt i ap eae rat wah cees ‘ isa cute orders ae oF arti ith’s Patent NEW YORK, SATURDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 21, 1844. SPECIAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT TO CONGRESS!!! APPAIRS WITH MEXIOO. IMMEDIATE ANNEXATION OF TEXAS, To the Senate, and House of Representatives : T transmit herewith copies of despatches received from our Minister at Mexico, since the commence- ment of your present session, which claim, from their importanee, and I doubt not will receive, your calm and deliberate consideration. The extraordi- nary and highly offensive language which the Mexi- can government has thought proper to employ in reply to the remonstrance of the Executive, through Mr. Shannon, againet the renewal of the war with Texas while the question of annexation was pend- ing before Congress and the People, and also, the proposed manner of conducting that war, will not fail to arrest your attention. Such remonstrance, urged in’no unfriendly spirit to Mexico, was called for by considerations of an imperative character, having relation as wellto the peace of this country and honor of this Go- vernment as to the cause of humanity and civili- zation. Texas had entered into the Treaty of An- nexation upon the invitations of the Executive ; and when, for that act, she was threatened with a renewal of the war on the part of Mexico, she na- turally looked to this Government to interpose its efforts to ward off the threatened blow. But one course was left the Executive, acting with- in the limits of its constitutional competency, and that was to protest in reepectful, but at the same time strong and decided terms against it.— The war thus threatened to be renewed, was pro- mulgated by edicws and decrees, which ordered, on the part of the Mexican military, the desolation of whole tracts of councry, and tke destruction, with- out diecrimination, of all ages, sexes and condi- tions of existence. Over the manner of conduct- ing war, Mexico possesses no exclusive control. She has no right to violate at pleasure the princi- ples which an enlightened civilization has laid down for the conduct of nationsat war ; and there- by rarogras. to a period of barbarism which, hap pily tor the world, has Jong since passed away. All nationsare inte! d in enforcing an observance of those principles, and the United States, the oldest of the American Leutees and the nearest of the civi- lized powers to the theatre on which these enormi ties were propesed to be enacted, could not quietly content themselves to witness such astate of things They had, through the Executive, on an another occasion, and as was believed with the approbation of the whole country, remonstrated against outrages similar, but even less inhuman, than those which by her new edicts and decrees she hes threatened to perpetrate, and of which the lae inhuman mas- sacre at Tobasco was but the precursor. . The bloody and inhuman murder of Fannin and his companions, equalled only in savage barbarity by the usages of tae untutored {ndian tribes, pro- ved how little confidence could be placed on the most solemn stipulations of her Generals, while the fate of others who became her captives iv war, many of whom, no longer able to sustain the fatigues and @ivations of long journeys, were shot down by the uy side, while their companions who survived were subjected to sufferings even more painful than death—had left an indelible stain on the page of civilization. The Executive, with the evi- dence of an intention on the part of Mexico to renew scenes 80 revolting to humanity, could do no les: than renew remonstrances formerly urged. tulfilling duties so imperative, Mexico has thought proper, through her accredited organs, because she has had representea to her the inhumanity of such proceedings to indulge in language unknown to the courtesy of diplomatic intercourse, and offensive in the highest degree to this Government and people Nor has ehe ofiended in this only. She has not only violatedexisting conventionsbetween the two coun- tries, by arbitrary and unjust decrees against our trade and intercourse, but withholds instalments of debt, due to our citizens, which she solemaly pledged herself ye Fy under circumstances which are ay explained by the accompanying lettter from Mr. Green, our Secretary of Legation. And when our Minister has invited the attention of her Government to wrongs committed by her local authorities not only on the property, but on the persons of our fellow-citizens, engaged in pro- secuting fair and honest pursuits, she has ad- ded insult to injury, by not even deigning, for months together, to return an answer to hit representations. Stull further to manifest her unfriendly feelings towards the United States, she has issued decrees expelling from some of her pro- vinces American citizens engaged in the peacefu! pursuits of life, and now denies to those of our ci- Uzens prosecuting the whale fishery on the north- west coast of the Pacific, the privilege which has, through all time, heretofore been accorded to them, ot exchanging goods of a small amount in value at her ports in Calitornia for supplies indispensable to their health and comfort. < Nor will it escape the observation of Congress, thatin conducting a correspondence with the Minis- ter of the United States, whocannot, and dors not know any distinction between the geogrephical sections of the Union, charges wholly unioundeo are made agaigat particular States, and an appea! to others for aid and protection against supposed wrongs. In this same conneetion, sectional pre- judices are attempted to be excited, and the hazardous and unpardonable effort is made to foment divisions among the States of the Union, thereby to embitter their peace. Mexico hes stil! to learn, that however freely we may indulge in discussion among ourselves, the American People will tolerate no interference in their domestic affairs by any foreign Government; and in all that concerns the constitutional guarantees and the national honor, the Prople of the United States have but one mind and one heart. The subject of Annexation addresses itself most fortunately to every portion of the Union. The Executive would have been unmindiul of its high esttobligations, if it could have adopted a course of policy dictated by sectional interests and local feel- ings. On the contrary, it was because the ques. tion was neither local nor sectional, but made its appeal to the intere-ts of the whole Union, and of every State in the Union, that the nego- tiation, and finally the Treaty of Annexation was entered into ; and it has afforded me no ordinary pleasure, to perceive that, so far as demon- strations have been made upon it by the Peo- le, they have proceeded from all portions of the mon. Mexico may seek to excite di amongst us, by uttering unjust denunciations against particular States,but when she comes to know that the invitations addressed to our fellow-citizens by Spain, and afterwards by herself, to settle Texas, were uccepted by emigrants from all the States; and when, in addition to this, she refreshes her recollection with the fact, that the first effort which was made to acquire Texas was, during the administration of a distinguished citizen from an Eastern State, which was afterwards re- newed under the auspices of a President from the Southwest, she will awake te a know. ledge of the futility of her present purpose of sow- ing dissensions among us, or producing distraction in our councils by attacks either on particular States, or on persons who are now in the retirement of private life. Considering the appeal which she now makes to eminent citizens by name, can she hope to escape censure for having ascribed to them as well as to others, a design, as she pretends now, for the first time revealed, of having originated ne- gotiations to despoil her, by duplicity and falsehood, ol a portion of her territory? The opinion then, as now, prevailed withthe Executive, that the ainexa- tion of Texasto the Union was a matter of vast im- portance. In order to acquire thatterritory be- fore it had assumed a position among the indepen- dent powers of the earth, propositions were made to Mexico for a cession of it tothe United States Mexico saw in these proceedings, at the time, no cause of complaint. She is now, when simply re- minded of them, awakened to the knowledge of the fact, which she, through her Secretary of State promulgs to the whole world as true, that those negociations were founded in deception and false. hood,and superinduced by urjust and iniquitous mo- tives While Texas was a dependency of Mexicothe U. States opened negociations with the latter power tor the cession of her then acknowledged territory; and now that Texas is independent of Mexico, and has maintained a separate existence for nine years,—during which time she has been receiv. ed into the family of nations, an represented by accredited ambassadors at many of the prin- cipal Courts of Europe—and when it has become obvious to the whole world that she is forever loat_ to Mexico, the United States is charged with deception and falsehood in all relating to the past,andcondemnatory accusationsare made agains! States which have had no special agency in the mat ter, because the Executive of the whole Union ha: negotiated with free and independent Texas upon # mattervitally important to the interests of both coun- tries, And after ine years of unavailing war, Me? i- co now announces her intention, through her Secre- tary of Foreign Affairs, never to consent to the inde- pendence of Texas, or to abandon the effort to re- conquer that Republic. She thus announces a per- petual claim, which at the end of a century will fur- nish her as plausible a ground for discontent against any nation, which atthe end of that time may enter into a treaty with Texas, as she possesses at this moment against the United States. The lapee of time can add nothing to her title to inde- pendence, A course of conduct such as has been described, on the part of Mexico, in violation of all triendly feeling, and of the courtesy, which should charac terize the intercourse between the Nationg of the Earth, might well Justify the United States in a re- sort to any measure to vindicate their national hon- or; but, actuated by asincere desire to preserve the eneral peace and in view of the present condition ot Mexico, the Executive resting upon its integrity and uot fearing but that the judgment of the world will daiy appreciate ‘its motives, abstains from recommending to Congress a. resort to measures of redress, and content itself with te-urging upon that body prompt and immedi- ate action on the subject of Annexation. By adopting that measure, the United States will be in the exercise of an undoubted right ; and if Mex- ico, not regarding that forbearance, shall aggravate the injustice of her conduct by a declarauon of war against them, upon her head will rest all the responsibility. Joun Tyumr. ‘AsHINaTON City, Dec. 19, 1844. Owrracrs iN Manytann.—It seems by the ac- counts from Maryland, that there is a class of men arrayed against the laws of that state, similar to those who figure near Albany as the Anti-Renters, Thus, in two states, both pretending to civiliza- tion of the highest order, the laws are completely set at defiance. Annexed are the particulars of the lawless movements in Maryland: Beu-Am, Dec. 6, 1844. I take up my pen to give you an ac- count of a gross outrage that was perpetra- ted in our village on Saturday last. An outrage in which the Jaws and its officers were set at defiance by a ruthless mob of deaperadoes. To call them men would be a disgrace to humani- ty. Ihave heard ot men who have been low and base enough to set at defiance all law and order, and trample under foot the dearest rights our country; but never did I expect to see such a sight as was witnessed iu our village on Saturday last. Where it will end, God only knows, You ao doubt recoliect that one of our collectors was assaulted while in the execution of his duty last winter, by a gang of desperadoes who call them- selves Anti-tax men,alias ec Phtiat ore, who threat- ened the life of any person that would bid for the property put up for sale by the collector; and who did, in fact, assault and beat a penne man, whose ouly offence was, that he bid for the property so put up forsale, ‘The leaders of that mob then said that the resistance was only ‘begun; and they spoke the truth. A collector had advertised to sell the property of Shadrach Street, (a man who lives in Marehall’s District, which, for the honor of our so ettes be it said, isthe only district that 1s disgraced by these ruffians,) for state taxes — The collector thought it best vo sell the property in Bel-Air. On Saturday last, (the day of sale,) the mob collected, using threats of violence against any one who would bid for the property. They were about one hundred strong. The property was put up for sale, and a young man, a resident of our town, bid for it, when the whole mob rushed upon him with cries of * kill him,’ * kill aim,” “lynch him,” &c. (I had forgotten to tell you that they had provided a rail to ride the bidder on.) He was seized by about a dozen of them, who no doubt would have put their threats into execution, but for the timely exertions ot some of his friends, who torced him into the Clerk’s office, and thereby saved his life. The collector himself received a blow with a stone, and was considerably injured. One or two other persons were struck, but not injured. A venerable magistrate of our town, who used his utmost efforts to preserve the peace, was cursed and abused by one of these fiends in human shape, (a cowardly ruffian, who would be a dis- grace to the penitentiary,) and asked, with an oath, what business he had to interfere. You will ao doubt wonder where the Sheriff was ali this time; Iwill answer that he was on the ground, and commanded the peace, and tried to interfere, but he wasa small man, and of course could de nothing in such a mob as that. But you will ask why he did not ;summon a posse ? i will answer, | do not know. But when I state to you afew tacts, perhaps we can come at it. In the first lace, this same Sheriff is as great a Repudiator as the best of them. Aod this same mob, on the same day, beat a respectable man of our county very severely, whose offence was, that on the day of the October election, he got into a political con- ear with this same Sheriff, and struck him * A tellow-feeling makes us wonderons kind.” — By aremarkable coincidence the Sheriff was up at the riot in Marshali’s District, and his efforts w quell the mob there were as ineffectual as they were here. 1 will state that some of the leader- of this mob were foreigners ; and by far the larg- est Vie of them were men who pay no taxes at all. Ror on Tar Vatiyy Raroap —The following particulars are given by the Pottsville correspon- dent of the Philadelphia Sun, under the date oj December 12— _ “Our town is ina state of great excitement in consequence of the Irish Jaborors on the Schuyl kill Valley railroad having struck for higher wages and driven those men off the line who were wil- ling to work for the wages paid_by the contractors. Mr. Smith, a contractor, in the beginning ot lasi week reduced the wages from eighty to seventy- five cents, when his men refused to work,and pro- ceeded in a body down the line and drove the hands of Dater, Lessig and Mills from their work Ona Thursday they proceeded to Middleport, and broke the doors and windows of Mr. Bluasinger’s hotel. Yesterday morning Mr &. Mills, a sub-con- tractor, and several others, put their men to work, and in the course of an hour about seven hnudrea mencame upon them, wrested their tools from them, and swore they would kill them if they dared work another stroke. To Mr. M said that if he dared make his appearance until he paid more wages,he might prepare his cof- fia. They also obliged the other contractors to flee. Mr. Hoffman, one of the engineers, was at- tacked, and saved himself by flight; Esquire Collo- han wascaught and dreadfully mal-treated,as were also a number of other persons. . An express was sent for the sher.fl, who arrived here about 3 o’clock in the arternoon, and in com- pany with A. W. Craven, the chief engineer of the road, proceeded to Port Carbon to see what they were about. On his arrival there, he discovered that several hundreds of the men were assembled a few miles above and they were determined to maintain their ground and _not let the contractors go on with their work. They had attempted to take the lives of several Germans, who would not go with them. Col. Wynkeep received orders from the sheriff, to march four of his companies over to quell the mob and arrest all they could. In halt an hour four companies, the Manon Rifle, Capt, Potts; National Light Infantry, Capt. Bland; Washington mes Capt. Nagle, and Washing- ton Yeagers, Capt. Dobflinger, were on the march. The news that they were on the march preceded them, and when they had reached thespot the Irish had dispersed. The companies, however, proceeded to Middleport and Tuscarora, where they succeed- ed in taking forty-two, but for want of evidence many of them were discharged. A number were brought to this place, and in default of bail com- mitted to jail , “*P 3. [have this moment seen a letter from Mr. Blussin; brought here by an express, in which he says that the Irish have surrounded his house and threatened his life. The military will be ordered out to-morrow morning early—perhaps to-night. Tne Axortion Case or Mas. Lucesa Parker. —The case was argued to-day, and given to the ary. ‘They went out, and returned efter brief discussion with a verdict of guilty on the first and last counts of the invictment. The count touching the case of Mrs. Jane Dean was not sustained, there not being a quick child, She w II be sentenced on Saturday next. Her offence ise misdemeanor at common law, and the punishment is fine and imprisonment, which, in the case ofa woman culprit, can be chan; to the House of Correction.—Boston Times, Dec. Native Woo..—Mr.'McAlister has shown usa a couple of samples of wool raised by James Brown, of Yazoo county, superior to any thing of the kiod which we have seen for some time. The finer sam- pleis equulto any ef the west of England—the other, though not so foe, is very soft and will make excellen' cloth Mr. McA. received a bule of the latter quality weighing over 400 pounds, which he intends to, work wp soto cloth for negro clothing at his factory. There is no reason why our plinters should not raise os sheep més fine wool as can be produced anywhere in the south of Europe, All thats wanting is care in selecting the finest strains of sheep, and paying attention to their grezing. The worn out hill lands on the Mirsissippi and the piney woods conatry on our east, a 8 fine pastu- rage for sheep as any other country on the globe, and the low Lage efety ba ae Esble ante te ‘ox means of rei our Jani than by planting. —Natches Free Trader, Dec, 7. American Institute: “Fanmers Cus.” Tvespay, December ¥7.—Subject, “ Disease in Cattle.” The progress of this stepping stone, to the future elevation, (we trust) of the American Agricultu- rist, in practical and theoretical knowledge, and the manifest interest that attends each successive meeting of the Club, in their familiar and conver- sational reasoningyevinces a universal desire amongst the farmers, to obtain such information as may guide them, not only in the tillage of the soil but inthe most advantageous method of increas ing that soil to a fertility which nature may have in hercapricious whimsdenied toit. It is folly to judge of the nature of land,the mode of its improvement, or the process of cultivation, trom whole homilies published and practised in other countries, and un- der other climacteric contingencies. The study and the practice of agriculture is purely climacteric.— Every breese—every indication of weather, must be studiously watched, and no application of theore- tiéal principles can be, or ought to be, exercised beyond the sphere which it is intended to reach, or the soil 1t is designed to be appliedto. Itis a perpetual reference to the practical experience of foreign agriculturists, that hes paralized the ambi- tion cf American farmers to judge for themselves. Books are searched, and plans adopted, without any ostensible benefit,and the result is, deepondence upon the part of the farmer, and a desire to aban- don, for soil more congenial, a tenement apon which he has exhausted his health, strength, and wealth. Nature’s laws ia agriculture are natare’s privileges—resist them, and vegetable anarchy and rebellion ensues‘ Naturam expellas turea tamen usque reeurret,” isas applicable in the theory of agricu!ture as it is in the ianate dispositions of the human order. Moral cultivation way ame- liorate, but not eradicate the indigenous weeds of settled and established passions. In the latter, human invention may, as 1n the former, produce a similar effect, but as in the mind, so in the eurth from which that mind originates, there is a gub- stance that requires a harmony of solution, that however artificially applied, removes the thorns and noxious elements peculiar to each. It is only by a watchful attention to the requisites of the ope, and a careful examination of the deficiencies of the other, that a remedy for each can be employed. So it was proved at this meeting of the most en- terprising and intelligent farmers of our land, when each man avowed his practice and de- veloped proots of individual experience, highly tending (however different) to the mutual improve- ment and edification of all. Gen Cuanvzer presided, and the reading of the proceedings of the lust meeting being dispensed with, the regular business wasentered upon. An in- teresting communication trom Colonel Mon- sele, of Long Island, was read by Mr. Meigs, the Secretary, by which it appeared that that gentle- man planied twelve acres {cr corn, manured it one third with poudrette, and the remaining two-thirds with fish; he suflered losges by the depredation of birds, and found that the birds consumed that which was manured by fish, while that which was manured by poudrette escaped. Mr. Waxeman read a letter from W.H. Max- well, accompanied by a sample of wheat raised in England from the contents of an Egypting mummy, and exhibiting a grain of healta and rotuadity s perior to the general or local wheat of this coun- try. Samples were freely distributed, but the pre- cise time of eowing was not ascertained. The thanks of the club were given to Mr. Maxwell — Mr. Joseph Black, of N. J., referred incidentally to the subject of clover, discuesed by the Club ata previous meeting, when the disease of slobbera in orses, Was attributed to the young clover; he at frst considered that young clover produced the di- sease, but the opinon of a skilful botanist, that “red shank” growing up with the clover, was the true cause, induced Lat to alter hi- opinion. This red shank is botanically called “ Thompson's lo- belia.”—The Chairman asked the Club tor their opinion of galt mud as manure.—The Secretary tead trom a communication of Mr. Travers, of Long Island, his method of preparing salt mud He took from his farm yard large heaps ot salt grass, covered each with sods, turned it over in spring, and fouad it highly beneticial.—A member explained the method of preparing sedge in Con- necticut, which was by cutting itgreen, and spread- Ing it to cure; he considers that ealt destroys the grub worm.—Several members expressed their practice in the management and cure of sedge.— General Talmage deprecated the impression that the grub was fostered by morass vegetation, to which he assigned a surcharge of poison that would kill the grub; he advised the combination of any material that “ould destroy the lava, such as lime, a bushel of salt, which could be had tor 3 cents instead of 12 or 18 cents formerly paid.— Mr. Seely bought a barren farm on Staten Island, and brought it to the highest perfection by a pro- cess of his own —[t was moved that the Secretary should request Mr. Seely’s report ot the manner he cultivated his land by sea shore sedge — Mr. Kerr read an article upon the component parts of barren and cultivated soils, their PrmeEIe r phosphoric, mineral, saline propertiee, Wwe. Wakeman deprecated all analysis, acd recommends a general report, to show the indications of some kinds of vegetation. If muck contains 75 per cent of organic matter, it supplies the natural sterility of the land. Here a member recommended a de- bating club to tacilitate business, giving every man ao opportunity to exprees his views. rofes- sor Smith entered into so awfully learned and p! losophical a demonstration, that Mr. Kerr reco: mended the assistance of an interpretor to explain to plain farmers, his “‘ bionicsystem.”—Gen. Tal- mage recommended another subject to the conside+ rauon of the club. Some statistical standard of the consamption of meat inthe city, that would enable every man to anawerthe inquiries oj strangers upon the subject. In accordance with this view Mr. Wakeman selected three butchers of standing in the trade, Messrs. Broadway, Value and Degues, to supply him with the average quantity of beet, mutton, lamb and pork consumed in the city; in beef from 50 to 52,000 are slaughtered yearly, weight from 650 to 700; showing that from 52,000 black cattle 34,000,000 of pounds are derived. Ot sheep and lambs, it was found the amount slaugh- tered th be 150,000 head, making the consumption of mutton 11,000,625 pounds, allowing 50,000 hogs for the city consumption, averaging 150 pounds each, there would be a consumption of pork, amounting to 30,000,000 of pounds.—The Chairman then announced the subject he day, “The Disease in Cattle,” when Mr. Kerr exposed the ig- norance with which the diseases of horses were treated, and illustrated his remarks by several pro- minent features He strongly recommended the general use of the hay crib for horses, in prefer- ence to the inconvenient rack at present in use. A gentleman here stated that in the British cavalry service, nine horses out of ten became blinded from the practice of throwing the hay from the loft mix- ed with clover and other seeds over the horse head and filling hiseyes with dust and seed. Sin the introduction of the crib no blindness has oc- curred, less hay wasted, as the horse cannot train- ple it, and holding only a certain quantity, cannot remain to be blown upon. Dr. Frey produced a specimen of a full blooded cattle dog, known in England and Scotiand as the Cooly dog—employed by Shepherds tor many use- fal purposes in the care of sheep and other cattle. The dog was bred by Mr. Allenton, of the 12h ward. The sagacity of this species of dog has been a matter of vast importance to the Shepherd, and the cultivation of the breed to the American farmer is highly recommended. 4 Mr. Mares stated, from the information he has derived from butchers of veracity, that it is a gen- eral case, that the livers ofall animaisare diseased in this country, and that consequently the carcase must, more or less, show the disease. This led to an investigation of the Jewish method of killing cattle for their own use—the origin and use of the metal badge; when a member of the persuasion, we presume, gave a most interesting Scriptural and historical account of the collegiate dizcipline, b which the Jew becomes a practitioner in the art of slaughtering. A Jong discussion eneued upon the propriety of bleeding cattle before killing, which wes proved, except in certain cases, to the judgment of many as unnecessary, and sometimes pernicious. The members here became tired, and as the room was becoming cold, the farther dis- cussion of this important subject was postponed to the next regular day ot the Giub’s meeting. Thir by far, the most rational and instructive meetings that ha: yet occupied the attention of the Glub. A memorial will be presented to the Legislatare for the endowment of an Agricultural practical college, from the invaluable advantager that have accrued to other countries by ei rin stitutions. The design is well worthy of general sup port. If Professor Smith’s learned and flippant disser- tations are not fully reported, his technical pire olofiy on oue side, and his extraordinary volubility on the other, combined with his assertion, that hin remarks were invariably miestated by the repertere, must plead our excuse. Hydropathy, or the Cold Water Cure—Dr. Shew’s Lecture last evening, at the Clin- ton Hall. f J There was a pretty good muster last evening in the lecture room of Clinton Hall, to hear Dr Shew show forth on the advanteges of this mode of curing all the disorders which flesh is heir to, as well as to meet the various objections made by most rational folks against it. The lecturer started with the latter point first. He said that he wes only going to give his hearers a plain common sense lecture, but would not pledge himself to all that had been said in favor of the cold water cure. It was well known that there had ever been from time to time what was termed water doctors, who had done a deal of good, but whose principles were never rightly understood until Pressnitz, some twenty years since, wasso successful. There was a great fault in our education, for we were always led to believe that when we were ill we required medicine, but it was no such thing, water would do better than even medicine could; but from its superflaity we overlooked it. The first objection made to the cold water system was by the French, that it was not founded on fact. The facts were, that no man had been so successful in his practice as Pressnitz ; that under his system there had been less mortality than under any other. The second objection was, there were several cases in which the application of cold water was highly dan- gerous. Now this was true, for instance drink- ing cold water when ina great heat, but at the same time it was equally well known that in some cases ot high fever adrink of cold water had per- formed a perfect cure. The lecturer then alluded to some ‘oldphysician,who wrote two large volumes onthe value of water a3 a medicine, He then treated on the sort of water that was most de- sirable for the object in view, and went to show that drinking it in abundance at meals was bene- ficial. Bathing was in no case dangerous, and that many cures had been effected by it, but 1t was necesgary to know the proper time for bathing,&c., the same as drinking of the pure stream. It was a. most capital remedy for indigestion when it was fully known the quantity that ought to be drank. The great bugbear of the system to most people was the wet sheet; this, it was true, might be made injurious by improper applica- tion ; for instance, a damp sheet would be injuri- ous, but a wet one would have quite a contrary ef- fect ; and proceeded to show how this was the case, and said it was founded on an ancient mode of cu- ring disorders—that of inclosing diseased persons in the warm carcasea of animals slain for the pur- pose, or wrapping them up inthe w rm skin jnst stripped from helm and that the wets ..vet had just the game effect in reducing inflammation, either in burns, scalds, fevers, ulcers, or pleurisy; and that there were no drugs in existence to equal the cold water for curing these disorders. Ihe system could not be studied too much, and there might be cases in which the remedy might be bad, but there were cases in which it was good, and if time per- mitted he would cite several of the latter. One or two he didgive—that of an old lady, who had been given up by the doctors, tried it and was perfectly cured, and was alive at the present time for ought he knew. Anothey cuse, of a little child, afflict- ed with fever and ague, who was perfectly cured by the cold water system, and afterwards got so fond of the pure element that he would leave his tood to partake of it. The last was a case of the lecturer’s brother, who was suddenly attacked with inflammation in the bowels to such an extent as to defy both doctor and drugs. But the lecturer ‘8 epped in, and with bandages, sheets, &c , banish. ed the disorder, and the afflicted ‘was walking about in 24 hours afterwards. He did not wish iis hearers to take his assertion in these matiers, but to try for themselves. Drugs were ten times more dangerous than cold water, and he could cite hundreds of cases to prove this was the fact People were killed by drugsin our hospitals in dozens ; and those present who had ever any ill ness, might be very thankful that they had not been drugged to death Bleeding and mercury had killed thousands, while Presuitz had cured all his patients. The ecld water cure was more an aligous with Divine Providevce than any other aystern known; and the gentleman wound up his lecture with a high eulugium on water. Great Firg in Satem—-Loss or Property $100,000 —We are indebted to the editors of the for a slip, giving the particulars of one of uctive fires that has occured in that city for many years, ‘ a {t broke out at 11 o'clock in the Steaming Sawing and Plaining Establishment of James N. Buffum, on Front street, and spread with unparailelled rapidity. The steam mill was destro; ed in a very short time, and the fire then extended in oll directions, sweeping every thing betore it. Mr. Grittin’s large sailor boaraing house, with his ex tensive clothing store, containing a large amount of pro- petty—Peele’s row, Latayette si., (containing 14 tene ments; Brigg’s Counting House on his wood wharl,are to- tally destroyed. ‘The whole south side of Frontst,trom the c.rner ef Latayette street to the Meal Market, including the buildings above named, Varney’s S:ore, Ro) at establishment, end all the umber und out-ouildiogs on the wharves in the rear. Messrs. Lords’ shop was con- siderably damaged. On the nurth side of Front street, Bulla bakery, a large three story brick building, Ed ward’s clothing store, and Shatwell’s three story dwelling house, all consumed.’ ‘The store occupied by Mr. Pond 1x ulso considerably damaged. On the eust side cf Lataye te ¢ building known as Concert Hall,occupied a and Sheridan’s gymnasium, is levelled ; ), Bowker & Clark’s large graim store, and store-house on Fish street, containing, among other things, about 2000 barrels flour, all consumed—David Moore’s store, and several other buildings, including dwelling hourea, in William’s Court, which, in the confusion prevailing, we ate unable to ascertain. The fire 1s still raging, but appa- rently the firemen are getting he control. ‘The loss of property 18 very great, and many poor fomi- lies are driven torth houseless and homeless, and will re uire immediate aid, Several females and children, in their fright, rushed from their burning dwellings into the street, without a sufficiency of clothing to shelter them from the inclemency of the weather. We regres to add that Mr. John Weston, boatman, was seriously injured by falling froma house. In falling, he struck on the shoulder ofa person standing below, which undoubtedly saved his lite, Several other persons, we hear were injured, but not dengerously. The Firemen from the neighboring towns were on the spot doing yeoman’s service. The streets are filled with furniture and moveables. It is impossible to estimate the loss with a: curacy, but it cannot fall short of $100,000. Unfortu ly it was low tide at the time, and water was obtained with great dith culty. B o'clock, A. M.—The fire is now subdued and com- pletely under the control of the Departments. Its extent 18 trom the Meal Market, oppos: rhet Square, easter ly to the western extremity of the Chester strect burying ground, and southerly from Front street to the South tiver. Probably some forty or filty buildings of ail de- scriptions, and an immense quantity of woud and Inm- ber, besides clothing, grain, flour, and other valuable merchandize, are ey | stroyed. An Extia from the Salem Gazette Office says, towne. on the spot im. modiately. A train of cars was sent to Boston, which also brought down an engine with a numberof men from East Boston ‘Three engines were present from Lynn, ond ral from Mar! ad, Beverly and Danvers.. mocrat, Dec. 19. Loss or Lirg on Laxe Hvron.—The little sloop Huron-Chief, having on board W. F, Gooding, Eeq, J. P., the owner, his brother-in-law Mr. Ronald, Good and Mr. Isanc G. Clarke, ship builder, left the harbor at Goderich, C, W., on the 30:h October, to assist in getting eff the Ame- riean schooner Mary, of Saginaw, stranded at the Bay de Dor, about 40 miles north of Goderich.— They succeeded in the enterprize, and the shooner made the harbor of Goderich on the 11th ultimo, leaving the Huron-Chief to follow next day. But a gale, accompanied with snow, came on, the sloop was wrecked, and all on board perished.— Mr. Gooding is spoken of in the Canadian papers as eminent for his energy and active benevolence, and hig loss, with that of his comprnicns, is deep ly deplored. All left families and a numerous circle of relations to mourn their sad fate. Fire 1n Raymonn, Maink.—We learn that the grist mill of Plummer, in Raymond village, to- gether with a saw-mill adjoining, belonging to Messrs. Plummer and Tukey, and a fulling mill belonging to Elbridge Gerry, and also a carding mill belonging to Mr. James Bucker, with severa! out-buildings, were entirely destroyed by fire on Tuesday morning, about 3 o'clock. The fire took in the grist elton was occasioned, itis supposed, oy the friction of the gndgeon upon which the wheelran. The grist mill was new, having com menced running \net June, and it is said to have been one of the best mills in the State. The other mills were of less value, though all improved ex vepting the carding mill, in which was all the ne cessary apparatus for running. ‘The machinery o} he fulling mill was saved, but all the other ma chinery was partered, The loss is suppored to be vetween $3,000 and $5,000, and falis heavily upon the owners, who had no jusurance.—Portland Ad- vertiser, Dec. 20. . Price Two Cents, Mexico.—Fvurruzr Particunars.—Since our last publication, we have seen several letters and papers that were not in our possession when we made our reswme of the intelligence brought by the Laurens. ‘These threw a dark shade over the fortunes of Santa Anna, and give a more impos- ing front to the revolution headed by Paredes.— Some of the statements in the letters we have since seen, are, of course, conjectural, and made by parties who are not of the Dictator’s faction ; yet they come to us ina shape that entitle them to all the credit that can be given to the re prese: pta- tions of persons who speak what they think of a cause that they do not espouse. A letter from Vera Cruz, dated on the 30th No- vember, states that the revolution in Jalisco sents each day an aspect more formidable. Gea. Paredes is said to be at the head of 8 or 10,000 men, and the South is uniting with the diseflected. Za- catecas, Aguas Calientes, and a partof San Luis Potosi have seconded or approved of the pronun- ciamiento ot Paredes, while it is asserted ihat Oa- ie has aleo declared against SantaAnna. The latter has positively declared inst the Congress, while that body is daily publishing every document received, both for and against the revolutioa—e circumstance which would indicate that the mem- bers are determined to act independently, and have litle fear of the Dictator. That a majority of them are in favor of a change of government, and hear- tily sick of the tyrannical and oppressive measures of Santa Anna, we see no reason to doubt, and they are also in favor of his being called to a strict account for his actions previous to the convening of the Congress. ‘ ‘The same letter likewise states that Santa Anna has, or will have, on reaching Queretaro, a body of 10,000 men, and also that he hus obtained $600,- 000 trom the brokers of the city to carry on his operations with activity. Whether this money was obtained by a forced loan or otherwise, is not stated. The writer of the letter, in sddition, seems to verify the rumor given Pie peas that Santa Anna had executed several officers who were leagued against him. We translate the following extract: “* Various officers of the army of Santa Anna, who had deserted, have been shot, and this act hag excited much indignation against the Dic- tator. Tiascala, Apetatotla and Chantempan, in the Department of Puebla, have declared in favor of the movement of Jalisco, so it issaid. If thisbe true, Santa Anna seems to be surrounded on all sides by enemies. One letter was received by the Laurens, which we have been permitted to read, which states that it was momentarily expected that General Pedro Cortazar, residing at Celaya in the State of Guana- juato, would come out in favor of the plan of Pa- redes. A letter from him had been intercepted, in which he expressed himeelf, in strong terms, against Santa Anna, declaring that he is not for him, and moreover, so compromising himself, that he has no other resource than to openly embrace the cause of the revolutionists, Should this prove true, Santa Anna hase popniar and powerful officer arrayed against him. [At the time the Santa Fé prisoners were marched through Guanajuato, Cortazar was Governor of the State. He was spoken of as a brave and meritorious officer by the Mexicans—he certainly treated the unfortunate Texans with every leniency, allowing them a day’s rest at Celaya and the liberty of the place, sending all the sick and in- firm to the hospitals, and providing those who were well with comforteble quarters in a convent and an abundance of the best provisions.) Above we have given such items from the letters belore us as we have deemed of interest to our readers—such as may assiet them in forming a bet- ter opinion of the present state of parties in Mexico. Uwing to the tyranny of the government towards the press, and the surveillance exercised over the channels ot public intelligence, it is difficult to ob- tain exact intormation trom the theatre of events that are particularly interesting to the people ofthis country, from the uatriendly dispositions evinced by the government of Mexico towards that of the United Stetes. We will endeavor, from time to time, to keep our readers advised of the precise posture of Mexican affairs, in so far as that term may be applicable to information derived through such precarious and scanty means as are allowed to the circulation of news in that distracted Republic. —N. O. Pic, Dec. 1. Lourstana Association Races—Ectires Course —Second Day—Monday, Dec. 9 —Sweepstakes for three year olds—five subscribers at $600, helt forfeit — Louisiana weights—two mile heats. D KF. Kenner’s bt Ha’penny, by Birmingham, out ot Picayune, by Medoc, received fortett. si D ‘Sucond Race—Sweepstekes for three years bscribers at $300, lorfeit, $100—mile Beats. » Leviuthan, D.F nner sch f Feathers, by im out of George Kendalls dam, by [Chisel’em), Col A. L. Bing sockholder, three years old. A Lecompte & Cos ch. . Eli Leviathan, dam yy Stockhoider. W. J. Minor’sb. c. Dart, by imp. Doncaster, out of Jane Grey, by Orphan Boy......00.++ 2 8.T. Taylor's ch f£, own sister to Thornhill, ., dis. Time, 2 00-1 58-2 00. Third Day—Tuesday, Dec. 10—Swi takes for two year olds—seven nominations at $200, forieit $60—Louis- jana weighte—mile heate— Copt. W. J. ivor’s ge g Javelin, by imp Doncas- ter, out of Jane Grey, by Orphan Boy, (Bill ; GOWOTH) «00. corse cess soveeces oss 11 ners gr¢ by Grey Medoc, dam by El- liott’s Napoleon: Time, 1:07 -2: Mr. H. Placide made his first appearance at the Charles- ton theatre, on the 16th inst , and was well received by crowded hor Mr. and Mrs, Fraser, and Mr. Montgomery are giving concerts at Charleston. Howes and Mabie’s equestrian company are drawing well in Mobile. The concert en by Mr. Phillips at Carusi’s Saloon, Washingion, on Wednesday evening, was well attended, and so much delighted were bis auditors that he will, at ‘heir solicitation, repeat his cot rational entertainment. He is expected in New Orleans in January. Burton opens the Front street theatre, Baltimore, on Monday next. William Chapman, it is said, goes with him. Signora Ricca, from the Italian Opera, Paris, said to be adel ghtfus vocalist, will aid the Philharmonic Society, of Boston, at their concert this evening. Mrs. Hunt is playing with great success in Baltimore. She is expected in Albany in a week or two. Personal Mo The Charleston papers state, that Col. Ashe has con- sented to accept the nom! ion of his friends, to fill the plece vacated in the Henate by the election.of.the Hon. W. Aiken. The anniversary of the Battle of Trenton will be cele brated 6n the 26th inat., by asham fight, in which many of the volunteer companies of the State will participate. The citizens of Buffalo have held a public meeting in relation to the improvement of their harbor. Virgil A. Randall, convicted in Jasper county, Miss., of negro stealing, been sent to the penitentiary for ten The “ Port Tobacco (Md.) Times” says, Mr. George W. Garner, of Charles county, while on his return home, en Friday week, was thrown from his horse and had his neck broken, He was well known in the county. &The Hon. Samuel Hoar has arrived at his home in Con- cord, vie Pittsfield. Jacob Barker, of New Orleans, is said to have won $180,000 upon the lete Presidential election. Mra Torrey is about to publish the letters and of her husband, Charles G. Rye A written in pr at Baltimore, where he is now confined under conviction for aiding in the abdttction of m . “ It will embrace many thrilling inci¢ente, flinstreting the slave system as seenin prison.” The Boston Chronicle contains along and very interesting letter from Miss Delia Webster, the young woman confined in the jail at Lexington Ky., on acharge of violating the slave laws o! that State. She states that Gen John M. M’Calla, Hon. Leslie Combs, and his partner, Mr. Spy, are her counsel, and that Mr, Clay has give er en- couragement of appearing in her behalf. She hus been advised to employ Mr. Webster, but refrains from applying to him for want of funds. Deatu or Cart. Lawnence.—A correspondent informs us of the death, on the 19th instant at his residence, near Astoria, L. 1. of Captain John Lawrence, in bia 90th year, a soldier of the Revolution Mr Law- tence was an actor in several of the most important mili- tary events in the warof Freedom. At the termination of that great struggle he retired to his farm, on which he ever since resided; living to see around him his « children of the third and four generations.” Till Jate~ ly he preserved his heelth and facnities , and wes anoble and venerable remnant of the men of '76. His death which can hardly be called the result of disease) removes ano- ‘her of those to whose patriotism and valor we owe our present heritage of tre dom. Surreme Court UNitep Statres.— Wednesday, Dec. 18, 1844 —Preseat as yesterday.—Order of Ordered that no printod or written argument be er received unless the same shall be signed by an on, 4 ‘or Counsellor of thir court, No 9... John Mo- Dor laintift in e1 's, Laurent Milleudon, et. al. ‘he argument a General rin nieve Tor, vs. Joseph Clem: ‘al The argument cause was commenced by . for the plaintiffs in error.